CN106029876A - 属于茄科的疫霉属抗性植物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及属于茄科(Solanaceae)的植物,其中所述植物包含提供疫霉属(Phytophthora)抗性的遗传特征,并且其中所述抗性特征由至少两个基因的组合编码,所述植物与对疫霉属易感的所述属于茄科的植物相比具有所述基因的降低的表达或转录或由所述基因编码的蛋白的降低的活性。
Description
描述
本发明涉及属于茄科(Solanaceae)的疫霉属(Phytophthora)抗性植物,其中所述抗性由两个基因的组合编码。本发明还涉及这些基因用于提供属于茄科的病霉属抗性植物的用途、所述基因自身和由本发明的基因编码的蛋白。
植物病源体疫霉属是损害植物的卵菌纲(Oomycetes)(水霉)的一个属,其成员种(species)能够引起全球作物的巨大经济损失以及自然生态系统中的环境损害。该属由Heinrich Anton de Bary在1875年首先描述。约100个种已被描述,尽管怀疑存在估计为100至500个未发现的疫霉属的种。
疫霉属病原体主要是双子叶植物的病原体,并且通常是宿主特异性的寄生物。疫霉属的许多种是具有相当大的经济重要性的植物病原体。致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans)是引起爱尔兰大饥荒(1845-1849)的马铃薯疫病的传染物,并且仍然是茄科作物包括番茄和马铃薯的最具破坏性的病原体。大豆根和茎腐病病原物大豆疫霉(Phytophthora sojae)也已引起农业产业的长期问题。通常,由该属引起的植物疾病难以用化学方法控制,并且因此抗性栽培品种的种植是主要管理策略。其他重要的疫霉属疾病是:恶疫霉(Phytophthora cactorum)—引起影响杜鹃花属(rhododendrons)杜鹃花(azaleas)的杜鹃花属根腐病,并且在阔叶树中引起伤流溃疡病;辣椒疫霉(Phytophthora capsici)—感染葫芦科(Cucurbitaceae)果实,诸如黄瓜和南瓜;樟疫霉(Phytophthora cinnamomi)—引起樟属树根腐病,影响包括崖柏属树、杜鹃花的木本观赏植物;草莓疫霉(Phytophthora fragariae)—引起影响草莓的红根腐病;康沃尔疫霉(Phytophthora kernoviae)—山毛榉和杜鹃的病源体,也发生在其他树和灌木包括栎树和圣栎上;Phytophthoramegakarya—可可黑荚果病种的一种,是侵入性的并且可能是造成非洲最大的可可作物损失的原因;棕榈疫霉(Phytophthora palmivora)—引起椰子和槟榔的果腐病;橡树疫霉(Phytophthora ramorum),Phytophthora quercina—引起栎树死亡;和大豆疫霉—引起大豆根腐病。
有时,疫霉属被称为真菌样生物体,但其被分类在不同的界下:囊泡藻界(Chromalveolata)(以前为管毛生物界(Stramenopila)且先前为假菌界(Chromista))。疫霉属在形态学上与真正的真菌非常相似,但是其进化史却截然不同。与真菌不同,囊泡藻界相比于动物与植物更密切相关。而真菌的细胞壁主要由几丁质组成,囊泡藻界的细胞壁主要由纤维素构建。这两组间倍性水平不同;疫霉属在生命的营养(生长,非生殖)阶段具有二倍体(成对的)染色体,真菌在此阶段几乎一直是单倍体。生化途径也不同,尤其是高度保守的生化途径。
疫霉属可进行有性或无性生殖。在许多种中,从未观察到性别结构,或仅在实验室交配中观察到性别结构。在同宗配合的种中,在单个培养物中存在性别结构。异宗配合的种具有交配型菌株,指定为A1和A2。当交配时,通过藏卵器穿过雄器(amphigyny)或通过雄器附接到藏卵器的近端(下部)一半处(the proximal(lower)half of the oogonium)(paragyny),雄器将配子引入藏卵器,并且结合产生卵孢子。类似于动物,而不像大多数真正的真菌,减数分裂是配子的且体细胞核是二倍体。无性(有丝分裂)孢子类型是厚垣孢子和孢子囊,其产生游动孢子。厚垣孢子通常是球形且有颜色的,并且可具有加厚的细胞壁以辅助其作为存活结构的作用。孢子囊可被连孢菌丝(subtending hyphae)保留(非脱落的),或通过风或水张力使容易脱落(脱落的),充当传播结构。孢子囊还可以释放游动孢子,其具有两个不相似的鞭毛,游动孢子使用所述鞭毛以游向宿主植物。
茄科(Solanaceae)或茄科(nightshades)是一种经济上重要的开花植物科。该科范围从草本植物到乔木,并且包括许多重要的农作物、药用植物、香辛料(spices)、杂草和观赏植物。该科的许多成员包含强生物碱,并且一些是高毒性的。
该科属于茄目(Solanales),在双子叶植物(双子叶植物纲(Magnoliopsida))菊类植物分支(asteroid group)中。茄科由约98个属和约2,700个种组成,具有巨大的生境、形态学和生态学多样性。
该科具有全世界的分布,存在于除了南极洲之外的所有洲。最大的种多样性发现于南美和中美。茄科包括许多通常收集或培养的种。可能该科的经济上最重要的属是茄属(Solanum),其包含马铃薯(马铃薯(Solanumtuberosum),事实上,该科的另一个常用名是“马铃薯科”)、番茄(番茄(Solanum lycopersicum))和茄子(aubergine)或茄子(eggplant)(茄子(Solanummelongena))。另一个重要的属辣椒属(Capsicum)生产辣椒(chilli pepper)和灯笼椒。
酸浆属(Physalis)生产所谓的地樱桃和粘果酸浆(毛酸浆(Physalisphiladelphica))、灯笼果(Cape gooseberry)和中国灯笼(Chinese lantern)。枸杞属(Lycium)包含枸杞(boxthorn)和西方雪果(wolfberry)宁夏枸杞(Lyciumbarbarum)。在其他的种中,烟草属(Nicotiana)包含生产烟草的植物。茄科的一些其他重要成员包括许多观赏植物诸如碧冬茄属(Petunia)、紫水晶属(Browallia)和红丝线属(Lycianthes),精神活性(psychoacitve)的生物碱的来源曼陀罗属(Datura)、茄参属(Mandragora)(曼德拉草)和颠茄(Atropabelladonna)(颠茄(deadly nightshade))。某些种由于其药用用途、其精神性作用(psychotropic effect)或由于是有毒的而世界闻名。
除了烟草属植物(烟草亚科(Nicotianoideae))和碧冬茄属(矮牵牛亚科(Petunioideae)),大多数经济上重要的属被包含在茄亚科(Solanoideae)中。最后,但并不是较不重要,茄科包括在细胞、分子和遗传水平研究基础生物学问题方面的重要的许多模式生物,诸如烟草属植物和碧冬茄属。
考虑到茄科的许多植物成员的经济重要性和植物病源体疫霉属对该科的许多成员的破坏作用,本发明除了其他目标之外的一个目标是提供疫霉属抗性植物。
除了其他目标之外的以上目标由本发明通过提供如在所附权利要求中概述的植物、用途、蛋白和基因满足。
具体地,根据第一方面,除了其他目标以外的以上目标通过属于茄科的植物满足,其中本发明的植物包含提供疫霉属抗性的遗传特征并且其中本发明的抗性特征由至少两个基因的组合编码,本发明的植物与对疫霉属易感的属于茄科的植物相比具有本发明的基因的降低的表达或降低的转录或由本发明的基因编码的蛋白的降低的活性。
根据本发明的该第一方面的一个优选的实施方案,本发明的属于茄科的植物选自由马铃薯、碧冬茄属、番茄、茄子(aubergine)、茄子(eggplant)、烟草属植物和辣椒属植物(pepper)组成的组,更优选地选自由马铃薯、碧冬茄属和番茄组成的组。
根据该第一方面的特别优选的实施方案,本发明涉及马铃薯,本发明的疫霉属抗性是对致病疫霉的抗性,并且本发明的至少两个基因的组合是编码根据SEQ ID No.1和SEQ ID No.2的蛋白或与SEQ ID No.1和SEQ IDNo.2具有至少80%、85%或90%序列同一性,诸如91%、92%、93%和94%序列同一性,优选地至少95%序列同一性,诸如96%、97%、98%和99%序列同一性的蛋白的基因。
根据该第一方面的另一个特别优选的实施方案,本发明涉及碧冬茄属,本发明的疫霉属抗性是对烟草疫霉的抗性,并且本发明的至少两个基因的组合是编码根据SEQ ID No.3和SEQ ID No.4的蛋白或与SEQ ID No.3和SEQ ID No.4具有至少80%、85%或90%序列同一性,诸如91%、92%、93%和94%序列同一性,优选地至少95%序列同一性,诸如96%、97%、98%和99%序列同一性的蛋白的基因。
根据该第一方面的另一个特别优选的实施方案,本发明涉及番茄,本发明的疫霉属抗性是对致病疫霉的抗性,并且本发明的至少两个基因的组合是编码根据SEQ ID No.5和SEQ ID No.6的蛋白或与SEQ ID No.5和SEQ ID No.6具有至少80%、85%或90%序列同一性,诸如91%、92%、93%和94%序列同一性,优选地至少95%序列同一性,诸如96%、97%、98%和99%序列同一性的蛋白的基因。
根据该第一方面的又另一个特别优选的实施方案,本发明涉及属于茄科的植物,其中本发明的植物包含提供疫霉属抗性的遗传特征,其中本发明的抗性特征通过在疫霉属易感植物中下调两个基因的组合的活性或降低由本发明的基因编码的蛋白的活性可获得,其中本发明的两个基因编码SEQ ID No.1和2或SEQ ID No.3和4或SEQ ID No.5和6的组合或与其具有至少80%、85%或90%序列同一性,诸如91%、92%、93%和94%序列同一性,优选地至少95%序列同一性,诸如96%、97%、98%和99%序列同一性的蛋白。
根据进一步优选的实施方案,本发明的属于茄科的植物选自由马铃薯、碧冬茄属和番茄组成的组。
考虑到本发明的基因用于提供疫霉属抗性植物的有益特性,根据第二方面,本发明涉及基因用于在属于茄科的植物中提供疫霉属抗性的用途,所述基因编码SEQ ID No.1和2或SEQ ID No.3和4或SEQ ID No.5和6的组合或与其具有至少80%、85%或90%序列同一性,诸如91%、92%、93%和94%序列同一性,优选地至少95%序列同一性,诸如96%、97%、98%和99%序列同一性的蛋白。
根据进一步优选的实施方案,本发明的用于在属于茄科的植物中提供疫霉属抗性的用途包括与对疫霉属易感的属于茄科的植物相比,本发明的基因的降低的表达或降低的转录或由本发明的基因编码的蛋白的降低的活性。
根据该第二方面的进一步优选的实施方案,本发明的属于茄科的植物选自由马铃薯、碧冬茄属和番茄组成的组。更优选地,本发明的疫霉属抗性是在马铃薯和/或番茄中的致病疫霉抗性,或在碧冬茄属中的烟草疫霉抗性。
考虑到本发明的蛋白和基因的提供疫霉属抗性的特性,根据第三方面,本发明涉及适合用于为植物提供疫霉属抗性的蛋白和基因。具体地,根据该第三方面,本发明涉及蛋白,所述蛋白选自由SEQ ID No.1、2、3、4、5、6和与其具有至少80%、85%或90%序列同一性,诸如91%、92%、93%和94%序列同一性,优选地至少95%序列同一性,诸如96%、97%、98%和99%序列同一性的蛋白组成的组。
根据该第三方面的一个优选的实施方案,本发明涉及编码序列或编码基因的cDNA序列,所述编码序列或编码基因的cDNA序列选自由SEQ IDNo.7、8、9、10、11、12和与其具有至少80%、85%或90%序列同一性,诸如91%、92%、93%和94%序列同一性,优选地至少95%序列同一性,诸如96%、97%、98%和99%序列同一性的序列组成的组。优选地,本发明的编码序列或编码基因的cDNA序列是分离的序列。
在下面的实施例中参考附图进一步阐述本发明,其中:
图1显示用致病疫霉感染后对照马铃薯植物的离体叶片测定,其中所有叶片被致病疫霉感染。
图2显示用致病疫霉感染后SEQ ID NO.7&8沉默的马铃薯植物的离体叶片测定,其中每片叶片来自独立的植物。图2a显示来自用沉默SEQ IDNO.7&8的中部构建体(middle construct)沉默的植物的叶片。图2b显示来自嵌合的沉默的植物的叶片。
图3显示被致病疫霉感染的植物的百分比,其中第一个条显示对照组(约10%被部分感染),第二个条显示仅SEQ ID NO 7被沉默的植物(约10%被部分感染),第三个条显示SEQ ID NO 7和8在各自序列的中部被沉默的植物(约50%是干净的),第四个条显示SEQ ID NO 7和8在5’末端被沉默的植物(约40%是干净的)。
图4显示用烟草疫霉接种后存活的碧冬茄属植物的百分比,其中第一个条显示野生型对照植物(0%存活),第二个条显示SEQ ID NO 9突变体(20%的存活植物),第三个条显示SEQ ID NO 10突变体(20%的存活植物)并且第四个条显示双突变体即SEQ ID NO 9和10二者的双突变体(45%的存活植物)。
图5显示来自致病疫霉疾病测试的马铃薯植物的叶片。
实施例
实施例1(马铃薯)
靶向马铃薯SEQ ID NO.7和8的RNAi构建体
制备3种不同的RNAi构建体,所述RNAi构建体具有/靶向:
1.SEQ ID NO 7的5’末端:等同于编码序列-159-200(距离起点的-159,意指在5’utr中)。
2.SEQ ID NO.7和8的5’末端的嵌合体:等同于编码序列4-199+1-204。
3.SEQ ID NO.7的中部(与SEQ ID NO 8的中部高度同源):等同于编码序列334-743。
从基因组DNA扩增片段并且克隆到pENTR-D-TOPO载体中。对于嵌合构建体,使用具有互补突出端的引物偶联2个片段,并且随后延伸和扩增以产生融合的片段。使用Gateway LR反应,将片段转移到RNAi载体pK7GWiWG2(Karimi等,2002,Trends Plant Sci 7),产生具有发夹结构的反向重复段。由于pK7GWiWG2载体需要链霉素用于细菌筛选,并且用于马铃薯转化的农杆菌菌株(LBA4404)已经携带链霉素筛选标记,将完整的RNAi(发夹)盒转移到不同的植物转化载体pGreen0029(细菌和植物筛选标记=卡那霉素)(Hellens等,2000,Plant Mol Biol 42)。最终的构建体允许35S-启动子驱动的发夹RNA的稳定表达,所述发夹RNA在形成发夹-环的内含子被剪接掉之后,形成诱导沉默的dsRNA。对每个构建体至少保留6个独立的T1转化株。
致病疫霉测定的细节
从T1代(第一代转基因)植物获取离体叶片,并且放置在具有100%RH的托盘,使叶柄在湿的原棉或Oasis中。从致病疫霉(P.inf)培养物(黑麦-蔗糖-琼脂板)收集P.inf游动孢子/孢子囊,并且将10μl含有10e3个孢子囊的孢子悬浮液的滴(10e5/ml)放置在中脉的每侧。在18℃孵育托盘。在第11天将叶片感染率评分为1.完全感染/长满的(overgrown),2.部分感染(10-50%区域),和3.干净的(<10%区域)。
如在图1和2中显示的,图2a的双沉默的(SEQ ID NO.7&8)植物显示仅50%被感染,图2b的双沉默的(嵌合的)植物显示仅60%被感染,而图1的对照组显示所有植物被感染。如在图3中显示的,SEQ ID NO.7和SEQID NO.8二者沉默的植物的40%到50%是干净的,而具有仅SEQ ID NO.7沉默的植物,仅10%的植物评分为部分感染。因此,SEQ ID NO.7和8二者的沉默提供对致病疫霉的抗性。
实施例2(碧冬茄属)
从集合(collection)/文库(Vandenbussche等,2008,Plant Journal 54)鉴定转座子插入株系。在SEQ ID NO 9中发现2dTph1转座子插入等位基因,和在SEQ ID NO 10中发现3dTph1转座子插入等位基因。进行若干杂交以产生双突变体。
烟草疫霉测定的细节
在23℃以单独盆栽方式将植物种植在标准盆栽土中。
从培养物(利马豆-琼脂或V8-琼脂板)收集烟草疫霉孢子,并且将2ml含有10e4(测定Sept)个孢子的孢子悬浮液滴到长有每株植物的土壤上。定期监测植物的折卷。
如在图4中显示的,双突变体即具有在SEQ ID NO 9和SEQ ID NO 10中的突变的植物具有45%的存活植物的百分比,而单突变体(在SEQ IDNO.9或SEQ ID NO.10中的突变体)的存活植物的百分比仅是20%。
实施例3(番茄)
用用于提供SEQ ID NO.11和12二者的过表达或用于提供SEQ IDNO.11和12二者的沉默的两个构建体转化番茄植物。
使用与SEQ ID NO.11的CDS的中部相同的300bp片段的Gateway克隆,产生番茄SEQ ID NO.11沉默构建体。
序列:
TTGGGTGAACAAGGACAACATATGGCTATCAATTATTATCCTCCTTGTCCACAACCAGAACTTACTTATGGGCTTCCGGCCCATACTGATCCAAATTCACTTACAATTCTTCTTCAAGACTTGCAAGTTGCGGGTCTTCAAGTTCTTAAAGATGGCAAATGTTTAGCTCTAAAACCTCAACCTGACGCCTTTGTCATTAATCTTGGGGATCAATTGCAGGCAGTAAGTAACGGTAAGTACAGAAGTGTATGGCATCGAGCTATTGTGAATTCAGATCAAGCTAGGATGTCAGTGGCTTCGTTT
使用的引物:
番茄(S.Lycopersicum)AttB1-F aaaaagcaggcttcttgggtgaacaaggacaaca
番茄(S.Lycopersicum)AttB2-R agaaagctgggtaaaacgaagccactgacatcc
产生的ENTRY载体被Gateway克隆到pHellsgate12双元载体。根据用于番茄的标准程序的农杆菌转化之后。由于序列相似性,沉默构建体能够沉默SEQ ID NO.11和12二者。
来自转化的番茄植物的后代通过接种致病疫霉分离株US11经历疾病测试。接种后7天,通过根据从1到9的视觉量表评价叶片在视觉上分析植物,其中1意味着易感且9意味着抗性。使用植物TS33、TS19和OT9作为易感对照。使用已知的抗性野生编号LA1269作为抗性对照。每株植物测量8片叶片。下表提供来自每株植物8片叶片的平均评分。
LA1269 | RC | 8.7 |
TS33 | VC | 1.3 |
TS19 | VC | 1.5 |
OT9 | VC | 2.0 |
551-06-01 | 过表达 | 2.8 |
551-06-02 | 过表达 | 3.3 |
551-06-03 | 过表达 | 3.0 |
551-06-07 | 过表达 | 1.5 |
551-06-08 | 过表达 | 2.3 |
551-06-09 | 过表达 | 2.3 |
551-06-12 | 过表达 | 2.3 |
556-02-01 | 沉默 | 6.5 |
556-02-02 | 沉默 | 8.5 |
556-02-03 | 沉默 | 8.3 |
556-02-06 | 沉默 | 7.3 |
556-02-11 | 沉默 | 7.3 |
556-01-01 | 沉默 | 7.8 |
556-01-02 | 沉默 | 8.3 |
556-01-03 | 沉默 | 8.5 |
556-01-04 | 沉默 | 8.5 |
556-01-05 | 沉默 | 8.5 |
556-01-06 | 沉默 | 6.0 |
556-01-07 | 沉默 | 5.5 |
556-01-08 | 沉默 | 8.5 |
556-01-09 | 沉默 | 7.0 |
556-01-10 | 沉默 | 8.5 |
556-01-11 | 沉默 | 8.8 |
556-01-12 | 沉默 | 7.8 |
在该表中显示,SEQ ID NO.11和12过表达植物对分离株US11易感。沉默的植物提供比易感的对照TS33、TS19和OT9显著更高的评分。例如,植物556-01-08具有8.5的平均评分。该植物的一个样品显示在图5中的方框G10中,并且未被感染,与在方框D8中显示的抗性对照植物LA1296类似。因此,SEQ ID NO.11和12二者的沉默提供对致病疫霉的抗性。
Claims (11)
1.属于茄科(Solanaceae)的植物,其中所述植物包含提供疫霉属(Phytophthora)抗性的遗传特征,并且其中所述抗性特征由至少两个基因的组合编码,所述植物与对疫霉属易感的所述属于茄科的植物相比具有所述基因的降低的表达或转录或由所述基因编码的蛋白的降低的活性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的植物,其中所述属于茄科的植物选自由马铃薯、碧冬茄属和番茄组成的组。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的植物,其中所述植物是马铃薯,所述疫霉属抗性是对致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans)的抗性,并且所述至少两个基因的组合是编码根据SEQ ID No.1和SEQ ID No.2的蛋白或与SEQ ID No.1和SEQ ID No.2具有至少90%序列同一性、优选地至少95%序列同一性的蛋白的基因。
4.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的植物,其中所述植物是碧冬茄属,所述疫霉属抗性是对烟草疫霉(Phytophthora nicotianae)的抗性,并且所述至少两个基因的组合是编码根据SEQ ID No.3和SEQ ID No.4的蛋白或与SEQ ID No.3和SEQ ID No.4具有至少90%序列同一性、优选地至少95%序列同一性的蛋白的基因。
5.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的植物,其中所述植物是番茄,所述疫霉属抗性是对致病疫霉的抗性,并且所述至少两个基因的组合是编码根据SEQ ID No.5和SEQ ID No.6的蛋白或与SEQ ID No.5和SEQ IDNo.6具有至少90%序列同一性、优选地至少95%序列同一性的蛋白的基因。
6.属于茄科的植物,其中所述植物包含提供疫霉属抗性的遗传特征,所述抗性特征通过在疫霉属易感植物中下调两个基因的组合的表达或翻译,或降低由所述基因编码的蛋白的活性可获得,其中所述两个基因编码SEQ ID No.1和2或SEQ ID No.3和4或SEQ ID No.5和6的组合或与其具有至少90%序列同一性、优选地至少95%序列同一性的蛋白。
7.根据权利要求6所述的植物,其中所述属于茄科的植物选自由马铃薯、碧冬茄属和番茄组成的组。
8.基因用于在属于茄科的植物中提供疫霉属抗性的用途,所述基因编码SEQ ID No.1和2或SEQ ID No.3和4或SEQ ID No.5和6的组合或与其具有至少90%序列同一性、优选地至少95%序列同一性的蛋白。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用途,其中所述属于茄科的植物选自由马铃薯、碧冬茄属和番茄组成的组。
10.蛋白,所述蛋白选自由SEQ ID No.1、2、3、4、5、6和与其具有至少90%序列同一性、优选地至少95%序列同一性的蛋白组成的组。
11.编码序列,所述编码序列选自由SEQ ID No.7、8、9、10、11、12和与其具有至少90%序列同一性、优选地至少95%序列同一性的编码序列组成的组。
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US20160333370A1 (en) | 2016-11-17 |
WO2015106796A1 (en) | 2015-07-23 |
US20190203223A1 (en) | 2019-07-04 |
JP2017502678A (ja) | 2017-01-26 |
EP3094722A1 (en) | 2016-11-23 |
EP3094722B1 (en) | 2021-05-12 |
JP6375380B2 (ja) | 2018-08-15 |
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US20170283826A1 (en) | 2017-10-05 |
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