CN106019278B - A kind of FMCW SAR phase synchronization methods based on distributed satellites - Google Patents
A kind of FMCW SAR phase synchronization methods based on distributed satellites Download PDFInfo
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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Abstract
本发明提供一种基于信号交换的分布式卫星FMCW SAR相位同步方法，包括下述步骤：在任意时刻t，将发射卫星输出信号分别经K倍频和N倍频后发射出去；再经M倍频后与载频信号进行混频，经频谱峰值提取得到发射端载波相位差异。将接收卫星输出信号一路经K倍频后与回波信号进行混频，得到双站回波信号；一路经M倍频后发射出去；一经N倍频后与接收的发射信号进行混频，经频谱峰值提取得到接收端载波相位差异。利用上述过程得到任意时刻t的发射端载波相位差异与接收端载波相位差异，将发射端载波相位差异与接收端载波相位差异进行差分后得到双站回波信号的补偿相位。本发明可以提高载波相位差异的测量频率，提高相位同步精度。
The present invention provides a distributed satellite FMCW SAR phase synchronization method based on signal exchange, which includes the following steps: at any time t, transmit the output signal of the transmitting satellite after K-multiplied and N-multiplied; After frequency mixing with the carrier frequency signal, the carrier phase difference at the transmitting end is obtained by extracting the peak value of the spectrum. The output signal of the receiving satellite is mixed with the echo signal after being multiplied by K to obtain the echo signal of the double station; Spectrum peak extraction obtains carrier phase difference at the receiving end. The above process is used to obtain the carrier phase difference of the transmitting end and the carrier phase difference of the receiving end at any time t, and the compensation phase of the dual-station echo signal is obtained after the difference between the carrier phase difference of the transmitting end and the carrier phase difference of the receiving end. The invention can increase the measurement frequency of carrier phase difference and improve the phase synchronization precision.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar，合成孔径雷达)技术领域，特别涉及一种基于分布式卫星的FMCW(Linear Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave,线性调频连续波)相位同步方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar, synthetic aperture radar), in particular to a distributed satellite-based FMCW (Linear Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave, Linear Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave) phase synchronization method.
背景技术Background technique
分布式卫星FMCW SAR系统是一种分布式卫星雷达编队与FMCW SAR技术相结合的新体制天基雷达系统，具有小型轻量化、数据产品成本低、快速响应能力强的特点。该系统发射FMCW信号，并同时接收回波信号，由于卫星平台距离较远，与无人机FMCW SAR系统不同，分布式卫星FMCW SAR系统不能够提供足够的收发隔离度，因此该系统采用收发分布式的配置将发射的FMCW信号衰减至合适水平，通常收发间距在几十公里量级。然而，收发分置时由于存在发射和接收载频差异，将不可避免地引起的双站回波相位误差，带来所谓的相位同步问题。Distributed satellite FMCW SAR system is a new space-based radar system combining distributed satellite radar formation and FMCW SAR technology. It has the characteristics of small size, light weight, low cost of data products, and strong rapid response capability. The system transmits FMCW signals and receives echo signals at the same time. Because the satellite platform is far away, unlike the UAV FMCW SAR system, the distributed satellite FMCW SAR system cannot provide sufficient transceiver isolation. The type of configuration will attenuate the transmitted FMCW signal to an appropriate level, and the distance between sending and receiving is usually on the order of tens of kilometers. However, due to the difference between the transmitting and receiving carrier frequencies when the transmitting and receiving are separated, the phase error of the echoes of the two stations will inevitably be caused, which will bring about the so-called phase synchronization problem.
第一个在轨的分布式卫星SAR系统是德国的TanDEM-X系统，该系统采用了基于脉冲信号交换的相位同步方法成功地解决了分布式雷达相位同步问题。然而，该系统发射信号工作在脉冲模式，需要周期性地打断正常地面回波录取过程，引入了新的混叠和插值相位误差，该方法不能直接应用在分布式卫星FMCW SAR系统中。因此，有必要研究针对分布式卫星FMCW SAR系统的相位同步方法。The first in-orbit distributed satellite SAR system is the German TanDEM-X system, which successfully solves the distributed radar phase synchronization problem by using a phase synchronization method based on pulse signal exchange. However, the transmission signal of the system works in pulse mode, which needs to periodically interrupt the normal ground echo acquisition process, and introduces new aliasing and interpolation phase errors. This method cannot be directly applied to the distributed satellite FMCW SAR system. Therefore, it is necessary to study the phase synchronization method for the distributed satellite FMCW SAR system.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是，提出一种基于信号交换的分布式卫星FMCW SAR相位同 步方法，解决分布式卫星FMCW SAR系统中的相位同步问题。The purpose of the invention is, propose a kind of distributed satellite FMCW SAR phase synchronization method based on signal exchange, solve the phase synchronization problem in the distributed satellite FMCW SAR system.
本发明的技术方案是：一种基于信号交换的分布式卫星FMCW SAR相位同步方法，包括下述步骤：Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of distributed satellite FMCW SAR phase synchronization method based on signal exchange, comprises the following steps:
设在任意时刻t：Suppose at any time t:
发射卫星高稳频率源的输出信号被分成三路进行处理：第一路经K倍频后发射出去，记为第一路发射信号；第二路经N倍频后发射出去，记为第二路发射信号(即同步信号)；第三路经M倍频后与接收卫星发射的载频信号进行混频，对得到的信号进行模数转换和快速傅里叶变换，经频谱峰值提取得到发射端载波相位差异；The output signal of the high-stable frequency source of the launching satellite is divided into three channels for processing: the first channel is transmitted after being multiplied by K, and is recorded as the first transmission signal; the second channel is transmitted after being multiplied by N, and is recorded as the second channel. The first channel transmits the signal (that is, the synchronization signal); the third channel is mixed with the carrier frequency signal transmitted by the receiving satellite after being multiplied by M, and the obtained signal is subjected to analog-to-digital conversion and fast Fourier transform, and the transmitted signal is obtained by extracting the peak value of the frequency spectrum. Terminal carrier phase difference;
接收卫星高稳频率源的输出信号被分成三路进行处理：第一路经K倍频后与接收的第一路发射信号的回波信号进行混频，得到双站回波信号；第二路经M倍频后得到载频信号，由接收卫星发射出去；第三路经N倍频后与接收的第二路发射信号进行混频，对得到的信号进行模数转换和快速傅里叶变换，经频谱峰值提取得到接收端载波相位差异。The output signal of the receiving satellite high-stable frequency source is divided into three channels for processing: the first channel is frequency-multiplied by K and then mixed with the echo signal of the received first-channel transmission signal to obtain a dual-station echo signal; the second channel The carrier frequency signal is obtained after M frequency multiplication, which is transmitted by the receiving satellite; the third channel is mixed with the received second transmission signal after N multiplication, and the obtained signal is subjected to analog-to-digital conversion and fast Fourier transform , the carrier phase difference at the receiving end is obtained by spectrum peak extraction.
利用上述过程得到任意时刻t的发射端载波相位差异与接收端载波相位差异，将发射端载波相位差异与接收端载波相位差异进行差分后得到双站回波信号的补偿相位。The above process is used to obtain the carrier phase difference of the transmitting end and the carrier phase difference of the receiving end at any time t, and the compensation phase of the dual-station echo signal is obtained after the difference between the carrier phase difference of the transmitting end and the carrier phase difference of the receiving end.
本发明的有益效果是：本发明提供的相位同步方法，利用发射卫星和接收卫星之间不同的三种链路同时进行信号收发，可以提高载波相位差异的测量频率，提高相位同步精度。同时本发明可以将星上载波相位差异提取和地面载波相位差异补偿两个步骤分开，只需将星上的载波相位差异进行地面传输，即可实现地面载波相位差异补偿。利用本发明可以同步实现多颗卫星间的相位同步。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the phase synchronization method provided by the present invention uses three different links between the transmitting satellite and the receiving satellite to simultaneously transmit and receive signals, which can increase the measurement frequency of the carrier phase difference and improve the phase synchronization accuracy. At the same time, the present invention can separate the two steps of on-board carrier phase difference extraction and ground carrier phase difference compensation, and can realize ground carrier phase difference compensation only by transmitting the carrier phase difference on the star on the ground. The phase synchronization between multiple satellites can be realized synchronously by using the invention.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明一种基于分布式卫星的FMCW SAR相位同步方法的处理步骤；Fig. 1 is the processing step of a kind of FMCW SAR phase synchronization method based on distributed satellite of the present invention;
图2是星上实时提取载波相位过程示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the process of extracting the carrier phase in real time on the satellite;
图3是相位同步误差性能预估结果。Figure 3 is the result of phase synchronization error performance estimation.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明进行进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
图1是本发明一种基于分布式卫星的FMCW SAR相位同步方法的处理步骤，由星上载波相位差异提取和地面载波相位差异补偿两个步骤组成，第一步通过星上同步信号微波链路实时提取载波相位差异，第二步补偿回波信号中包含的载波相位差异。Fig. 1 is the processing steps of a FMCW SAR phase synchronization method based on distributed satellites in the present invention, which is composed of two steps of on-board carrier phase difference extraction and ground carrier phase difference compensation. The first step is through the satellite synchronization signal microwave link The carrier phase difference is extracted in real time, and the second step compensates the carrier phase difference contained in the echo signal.
图2是星上实时提取载波相位过程示意图，给出了通过星上同步信号微波链路实时提取载波相位差异的过程，这是相位同步的第一步。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the process of extracting the carrier phase in real time on the satellite, which shows the process of extracting the carrier phase difference in real time through the microwave link of the synchronization signal on the satellite, which is the first step of phase synchronization.
设在任意时刻t，发射卫星高稳频率源的输出信号的相位为被分成三路进行处理：第一路经K倍频后发射出去，记为第一路发射信号，其相位为 第二路经N倍频后发射出去，记为第二路发射信号(即同步信号)，其相位为第三路经M倍频后(其相位为)与接收卫星发射的载频信号(其相位为)进行混频，得到归一化到第一路发射信号载频上的相位为其中是接收卫星高稳频率源的输出信号的相位，τ表示接收卫星发射的载频信号的传输延迟时间，对得到的信号进行模数转换和快速傅里叶变换，经频谱峰值提取得到发射端载波相位差异为其中tk＝k/fsyn，k＝0,1,…,N-1，N表示同步次数，fsyn表示相位同步频率。其中，K、N、M均为正整数且取值各不相同，通常N、M的取值小于K，根据实际情况确定。Assuming that at any time t, the phase of the output signal of the high-stable frequency source of the launching satellite is It is divided into three channels for processing: the first channel is sent out after being multiplied by K, which is recorded as the first transmitted signal, and its phase is The second channel is transmitted after N multiplied frequency, which is recorded as the second transmitted signal (that is, the synchronous signal), and its phase is After the third channel is multiplied by M (its phase is ) and the carrier frequency signal transmitted by the receiving satellite (its phase is ) for frequency mixing, and the phase normalized to the carrier frequency of the first transmitted signal is obtained as in It is the phase of the output signal of the high-stable frequency source of the receiving satellite, τ represents the transmission delay time of the carrier frequency signal transmitted by the satellite, and the obtained signal is subjected to analog-to-digital conversion and fast Fourier transform, and the carrier wave at the transmitting end is obtained by extracting the peak value of the spectrum The phase difference is Where t k =k/f syn , k=0,1,...,N-1, N represents the number of synchronizations, and f syn represents the frequency of phase synchronization. Wherein, K, N, and M are all positive integers with different values. Generally, the values of N and M are smaller than K, and are determined according to actual conditions.
接收卫星高稳频率源的输出信号的相位为被分成三路进行处理：第一路经K倍频后(其相位为)与接收的第一路发射信号的回波信号(其相位为)进行混频，得到双站回波信号，需要补偿的载波相位差异为第二路经M倍频后得到载频信号，由接收卫星发射出去，其相位为第三路经N倍频后(其相位为)与接收的第二路发射信号(其相位为)进行混频，得到归一化到第一路发射信号载频上的相位为对得到的信号进行模数转换和快速傅里叶变换，经频谱峰值提取得到接收端载波相位差异为 The phase of receiving the output signal of the satellite high-stable frequency source is It is divided into three paths for processing: the first path is multiplied by K (its phase is ) and the received echo signal of the first transmitted signal (its phase is ) for frequency mixing to obtain the echo signal of the two stations, the carrier phase difference that needs to be compensated is The second channel is multiplied by M to obtain the carrier frequency signal, which is transmitted by the receiving satellite, and its phase is After the third channel is multiplied by N (its phase is ) and the received second transmit signal (its phase is ) for frequency mixing, and the phase normalized to the carrier frequency of the first transmitted signal is obtained as Perform analog-to-digital conversion and fast Fourier transform on the obtained signal, and obtain the carrier phase difference at the receiving end through spectrum peak extraction as
图3是相位同步误差性能预估结果。相位同步的第二步不需要实时进行，通常是在地面成像前补偿回波信号中包含的载波相位差异。将发射端载波相位差异与接收端载波相位差异进行差分后得到双站回波信号的补偿相位，计算公式为Figure 3 is the result of phase synchronization error performance estimation. The second step of phase synchronization does not need to be performed in real time, and is usually compensated for carrier phase differences contained in the echo signal prior to imaging on the ground. The compensation phase of the two-station echo signal is obtained after the difference between the carrier phase difference at the transmitting end and the carrier phase difference at the receiving end. The calculation formula is
其中，第一项即为需要补偿的载波相位差异，φerr(t)表示由噪声、采样插值和采样混叠共同引入的残余同步相位误差，该误差决定了相位同步方案的精度。图3中横轴表示相位同步频率，即表示单位时间内利用本发明计算载波相位差异的次数；纵轴表示由相位同步后残余相位同步误差φerr(t)引入的图像域相位误差标准差，不同曲线分别表示总相位误差(total)(实线)、噪声引入相位误差(SNR)(短虚线)、采样插值引入相位误差(interp)(点划线)和采样混叠引入相位误差(alias)(长虚线)。性能预估时所取同步信号信噪比为25分贝，成像所用合成孔径时间为1秒，由性能预估结果，当相位同步频率fsyn超过30Hz时，采样插值和采样混叠误差引入的图像域相位误差标准差小于0.1 度，此时，图像域相位误差主要由微波链路信噪比决定，相位误差标准差为0.5213度，小于1度，相位同步精度能够满足分布式卫星FMCW SAR系统成像要求。Among them, the first That is, the carrier phase difference that needs to be compensated, φ err (t) represents the residual synchronization phase error introduced by noise, sampling interpolation and sampling aliasing, which determines the accuracy of the phase synchronization scheme. In Fig. 3, the horizontal axis represents the phase synchronization frequency, that is, the number of times that the present invention is used to calculate the carrier phase difference per unit time; the vertical axis represents the image domain phase error standard deviation introduced by the residual phase synchronization error φ err (t) after the phase synchronization, Different curves represent total phase error (total) (solid line), noise-induced phase error (SNR) (short dashed line), sampling interpolation-induced phase error (interp) (dotted line) and sampling aliasing-induced phase error (alias) (long dashed line). The signal-to-noise ratio of the synchronization signal taken during performance estimation is 25 dB, and the synthetic aperture time used for imaging is 1 second. According to the performance estimation results, when the phase synchronization frequency f syn exceeds 30 Hz, the image introduced by sampling interpolation and sampling aliasing errors The standard deviation of the domain phase error is less than 0.1 degrees. At this time, the phase error of the image domain is mainly determined by the signal-to-noise ratio of the microwave link. The standard deviation of the phase error is 0.5213 degrees, which is less than 1 degree. The phase synchronization accuracy can meet the imaging requirements of the distributed satellite FMCW SAR system. Require.
以上所述的本发明实施方式，并不构成对本发明保护范围的限定，任何在本发明精神和原则之内所作的修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。The embodiments of the present invention described above do not constitute a limitation to the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention. Inside.
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