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CN106003760A - 拉挤缠绕复合成型制备复合材料空心型材 - Google Patents

拉挤缠绕复合成型制备复合材料空心型材 Download PDF

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CN106003760A
CN106003760A CN201610555966.0A CN201610555966A CN106003760A CN 106003760 A CN106003760 A CN 106003760A CN 201610555966 A CN201610555966 A CN 201610555966A CN 106003760 A CN106003760 A CN 106003760A
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王瑛玮
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
    • B29C70/52—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die
    • B29C70/521—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die and impregnating the reinforcement before the die
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
    • B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
    • B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
    • B29B15/12—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length
    • B29B15/14—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length of filaments or wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/10—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation for articles of indefinite length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
    • B29C70/52—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die
    • B29C70/525—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C70/528—Heating or cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0838—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using laser

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)

Abstract

本发明是一种把拉挤成型法和缠绕成型法结合起来的复合材料一步成型制备方法，能够制备出一种复合材料空心型材，其管壁中的增强纤维分为内层和外层，内层增强纤维走向与拉引方向一致，主要承担制备时的拉引力和使用过程中受到的沿复合材料型材长度方向的拉应力，外层增强纤维缠绕于内层纤维外侧，与内层纤维呈约90°的夹角，主要承担来自于空心型材内部的膨胀压力，由于内层与外层所有树脂经一次固化成型，整体强度明显提高，简化了生产流程，能够缩短复合材料空心型材的生产周期，减少生产场地的占用和解放人力，能够降低生产成本。

Description

拉挤缠绕复合成型制备复合材料空心型材
技术领域
拉挤缠绕复合成型制备复合材料空心型材属于一种复合材料制备方法。
背景技术
以往的复合材料制备方法有多种，其中包括拉挤成型加温固化法和缠绕成型加温固化法。
拉挤成型加温固化法具有生产连续性好、自动化程度高和成本低等优点，但存在增强纤维走向为单一的沿着长度方向的特点，拉挤成型法生产的复合材料空心型材存在抗内压能力差、抗扭力差和易开裂等缺点。
缠绕成型加温固化法具有抗内压能力强、不易开裂、可设计性好和工艺较灵活等优点，但存在生产连续性较差、自动化程度不高和成本较高等缺点。
为了克服前述两种方法所制备复合材料空心型材的缺点，已有的方法为两步法，即：第一步，利用拉挤成型加温固化法制备复合材料空心型材；第二步，以第一步所制备的复合材料空心型材为芯轴，在其外侧缠绕一层增强纤维预浸带，然后经加温固化成型，制得两层增强纤维走向近于垂直的复合材料空心型材。
已有复合材料空心型材的两步制备法，存在过程复杂、生产周期长和生产成本较高的缺点，并且由于拉挤成型的内层和缠绕成型的外层是分别经过两次固化形成，内层与外层之间的树脂结合强度不高，直接影响了复合材料空心型材的整体性能。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种兼具拉挤成型法和缠绕成型法优点的复合材料空心型材制备方法。
本发明是一种把拉挤成型法和缠绕成型法结合起来的复合材料一步成型制备方法，能够制备出一种复合材料空心型材，其管壁中的增强纤维分为内层和外层。
内层增强纤维走向与拉引方向一致，主要承担制备时的拉引力和使用过程中受到的沿复合材料型材长度方向的拉应力。
外层增强纤维缠绕于内层纤维外侧，与内层纤维呈约90°的夹角，主要承担来自于空心型材内部的膨胀压力。
树脂填充于增强纤维层内部和增强纤维层间的所有间隙，并在固化后将所有增强纤维固结为一体，形成复合材料空心型材。
这种一步成型法制备的复合材料空心型材，与两步成型法所制备的复合材料空心型材相比较，由于内层与外层所有树脂经一次固化成型，整体强度明显提高。
由于简化了生产流程，能够缩短复合材料空心型材的生产周期，减少生产场地的占用和解放人力，能够降低生产成本。
优化的是，由于芯模和套模内部均有加热元件，能够明显提高生产过程中复合材料空心型材的固化升温速度，从而使拉挤、缠绕速度加快，提高了生产效率。
优化的是，芯模和套模内部的加热元件的加热功率与拉引速度相匹配，能够保证复合材料空心型材所需的固化温度。
更加优化的是，借助于外层增强纤维缠绕过程中的勒紧效应，最后制备成的复合材料空心型材中增强纤维的占比高，进一步提高了复合材料空心型材的整体性能。
附图说明
图1是本发明的方法实施过程示意图。
附图1中，1是供给增强纤维束，2是树脂液槽，3是树脂液，4是预浸带，5是挤胶板，6是缠绕增强纤维丝束，7是供丝管，8是芯模，9是绕丝装置，10是缠绕增强纤维供丝线轴，11是芯模加热器，12是带加热功能的套模，13是已固化复合材料空心型材，14是拉引装置，15是拉引力方向。
在拉引装置14作用下，供给增强纤维束1被导入树脂液槽2中并被树脂液3浸润形成预浸带4，经挤胶板5上的孔洞导入芯模8周围。
此时，在绕丝装置9的作用下，缠绕增强纤维供丝线轴10上的增强纤维丝束经过供丝管7的内孔供出，成为缠绕增强纤维丝束6。
缠绕增强纤维丝束6连续不断地缠绕在预浸带4的外面形成复合预浸料，并在拉引装置14作用下向拉引力方向15进给。
这时，有利的效果之一是预浸带4和缠绕增强纤维丝束6之间形成紧束的状态。
另一个有利的效果是在缠绕增强纤维丝束6提供的勒紧力作用下，预浸带4浸出的剩余树脂液充分地浸润了缠绕增强纤维丝束6。
随后，复合预浸料被导入芯模加热器11的作用区开始升温，紧接着进入芯模8和外模12之间的成型区，在这一区域达到最终的固化温度和截面形状，固化形成复合材料空心型材13。

Claims (3)

1.拉挤缠绕复合成型制备复合材料空心型材是一种复合材料空心型材的制备方法，其特征是：把拉挤成型法和缠绕成型法结合起来实现复合材料空心型材一步成型，所制备的复合材料空心型材管壁中的增强纤维分为内层和外层，内层增强纤维走向与拉引方向一致，外层增强纤维缠绕于内层纤维外侧，与内层纤维呈约90°的夹角，在拉引装置（14）作用下，供给增强纤维束（1）被导入树脂液槽（2）中并被树脂液（3）浸润形成预浸带（4），经挤胶板（5）上的孔洞导入芯模（8）周围，此时，在绕丝装置（9）的作用下，供丝线轴（10）上的增强纤维丝束经过供丝管（7）的内孔供出，成为缠绕增强纤维丝束（6），缠绕增强纤维丝束（6）连续不断地缠绕在预浸带（4）的外面形成复合预浸料，最后，复合预浸料进入芯模（8）和套模（12）之间的成型区，在这一区域达到最终的固化温度和截面形状，固化形成复合材料空心型材（13）。
2.如权利要求1所述的拉挤缠绕复合成型制备复合材料空心型材，其特征是：芯模（8）内设有芯模加热器（11），能够加快复合预浸料的固化过程，提高生产效率。
3.如权利要求1所述的拉挤缠绕复合成型制备复合材料空心型材，其特征是：芯模（8）和套模（12）内部的加热元件的加热功率与拉引速度相匹配，能够保证复合材料空心型材所需的固化温度。
CN201610555966.0A 2016-07-14 2016-07-14 拉挤缠绕复合成型制备复合材料空心型材 Pending CN106003760A (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102162009B1 (ko) * 2020-01-17 2020-10-07 하대환 친환경 인발제품 성형시스템
CN111941940A (zh) * 2020-06-21 2020-11-17 江苏澳盛复合材料科技有限公司 一种用于车辆承力结构的复合材料型材及其制备方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1072631A (zh) * 1992-10-20 1993-06-02 温州市海螺技术研究所 一种纤维增强拉挤塑料管的制造方法
CN1587576A (zh) * 2004-09-02 2005-03-02 北京玻璃钢研究设计院 一种复合材料螺纹筋及其制备方法
CN101708657A (zh) * 2009-10-26 2010-05-19 南京诺尔泰复合材料设备制造有限公司 复合材料多层斜拉缠绕生产方法及其生产线
CN102179945A (zh) * 2011-04-25 2011-09-14 陈分红 大口径环氧玻璃纤维及织带缠绕挤拉管生产工艺

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1072631A (zh) * 1992-10-20 1993-06-02 温州市海螺技术研究所 一种纤维增强拉挤塑料管的制造方法
CN1587576A (zh) * 2004-09-02 2005-03-02 北京玻璃钢研究设计院 一种复合材料螺纹筋及其制备方法
CN101708657A (zh) * 2009-10-26 2010-05-19 南京诺尔泰复合材料设备制造有限公司 复合材料多层斜拉缠绕生产方法及其生产线
CN102179945A (zh) * 2011-04-25 2011-09-14 陈分红 大口径环氧玻璃纤维及织带缠绕挤拉管生产工艺

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102162009B1 (ko) * 2020-01-17 2020-10-07 하대환 친환경 인발제품 성형시스템
CN111941940A (zh) * 2020-06-21 2020-11-17 江苏澳盛复合材料科技有限公司 一种用于车辆承力结构的复合材料型材及其制备方法

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