CN106002810A

CN106002810A - Bidirectional mechanical transformer

Info

Publication number: CN106002810A
Application number: CN201610412482.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王伟毅
Original assignee: LATCHET CO Ltd; Hangzhou Great Star Industrial Co Ltd
Current assignee: LATCHET CO Ltd; Hangzhou Great Star Industrial Co Ltd
Priority date: 2011-07-07
Filing date: 2011-09-01
Publication date: 2016-10-12
Anticipated expiration: 2031-09-01
Also published as: CN102862141B; CN202292572U; CN102862141A; CN106002810B

Abstract

The invention discloses a bidirectional mechanical transformer. The bidirectional mechanical transformer comprises a spindle, a transmission mechanism and a rotating device for inputting torque. The transmission mechanism comprises a transmission device and a reversing device which are connected with each other. A rotating shaft of the rotating device and the spindle are coaxial. The rotating device is connected with the transmission device. By means of the transmission device, the torque is transmitted to the spindle to be output in a preset direction no matter what the rotating direction of the rotating device is. By means of the reversing device, the preset direction can be transformed. The bidirectional mechanical transformer is simple and compact in structure; bidirectional movement of a drive device can be effectively utilized, and the rotating direction of the output shaft can be transformed conveniently according to needs; and operation is easy and convenient.

Description

Bidirectional mechanical converter

The present application is a divisional application of the following applications: application date: 2011, 9 month, 1 day; application No.: 201110270810.5, respectively; the invention name is as follows: "bidirectional mechanical converter".

Technical Field

The present invention relates to hand tools and, more particularly, to a mechanical converter that efficiently utilizes bi-directional motion of a drive.

Background

In the use of hand tools such as screwdrivers and torque wrenches, there is a limit to the movement of the hand in the direction of rotation, and it does not continue in one direction. In such tools, the axis of rotation of the handle is coaxial with the spindle, and in use this is generally the case: first, the handle is turned by hand in a desired direction (e.g., to tighten or loosen a screw) and then the hand is rotated in the opposite direction to reposition the tool for the next cycle. In the second part of the cycle, the reverse rotation of the hand may be to release the handle and then to re-grip, or the tool may be provided with a one-way device such as a ratchet mechanism to immobilize the spindle when the handle is reversed, or the tool may be inserted after being disengaged from the screw. However, in any event, reverse rotation of the hand does not result in effective movement of the fastener and is therefore a wasteful action.

US5931062 discloses a mechanical converter comprising a main shaft; and two driving elements mounted on the main shaft, a one-way clutch is inserted between each driving element and the main shaft, and the two one-way clutches on the main shaft are engaged in the same direction with the main shaft, so that when any one of the driving elements rotates in the direction, the main shaft can be dragged to rotate in one direction, and when the driving elements rotate in the opposite direction, the main shaft is idle relative to the main shaft; further comprising a rotating device disposed along the axis of the spindle, the rotating device being engaged with a selected drive element; and a conversion mechanism which is simultaneously connected with the two driving elements and forces the two driving elements to rotate in reverse direction all the time so that one driving element drags the main shaft to rotate, and the other driving element idles so that the main shaft always rotates in one direction no matter which direction the driving part rotates, thereby converting the forward rotation and the reverse rotation of the rotating device (such as a handle) into the unidirectional rotation of the main shaft. The mechanical converter can effectively utilize the rotation of the rotating device in any direction, namely, the main shaft rotates towards one direction no matter the handle rotates clockwise or anticlockwise, so that the motion efficiency of hands is greatly improved, and the operation time is saved.

However, the switching device of the invention can only rotate the spindle in one direction. To accommodate the need for the spindle to rotate in both directions (e.g., to tighten or loosen fasteners when used as a screwdriver), the handle of the present invention must be detachable from the spindle coaxial therewith and have screwdrivers mounted at both ends (designated as A, B). Assuming that a fastener is initially tightened using the A end of the spindle, if it is desired to loosen the fastener, the handle attached to the B end of the spindle must be removed from the spindle, attached to the A end of the spindle, and fitted with the appropriate screwdriver bit at the B end of the spindle before the action of loosening the fastener can be performed. If the fastener to be loosened is of the same type as the fastener that was being tightened, the bit must be removed from end a and installed at end B prior to changing the handle position. It follows that the mechanical converter of the invention is very inconvenient to change the direction of the main shaft. For the multipurpose screwdriver with replaceable screwdriver heads, the screwdriver heads are very troublesome to replace back and forth at the two ends of the main shaft. In addition, the handle must be ensured to be easily detached from the main shaft, which means that the integrity of the whole screwdriver is not easy to ensure, and the components are easy to scatter and lose.

Accordingly, those skilled in the art have been devoted to developing a bidirectional mechanical converter that can easily switch the rotation direction of the spindle.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a bidirectional mechanical converter that can easily switch the rotation direction of a spindle.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a bidirectional mechanical converter, comprising: a main shaft; the transmission mechanism comprises a transmission device and a reversing device which are mutually connected; and a rotating device for inputting torque, wherein a rotating shaft of the rotating device is coaxial with the main shaft, the rotating device is mutually connected with the transmission device, and the torque is transmitted to the main shaft output in a preset direction by the transmission device regardless of the rotating direction of the rotating device; wherein the preset direction is changeable by the reversing device.

Furthermore, the transmission device is sleeved on the reversing device; the transmission comprises two driving elements which are respectively arranged on the main shaft through a one-way clutch, and a conversion structure which is connected with the two driving elements and forces the two driving elements to rotate in opposite directions; wherein the two drive elements are axially spaced from each other; wherein the reversing device comprises the one-way clutch; the action directions of the two one-way clutches are the same, so that one of the two driving elements rotating in the action direction drives the main shaft to rotate, and the other driving element rotating in the action direction opposite to the action direction idles relative to the main shaft.

In one embodiment of the bidirectional mechanical converter of the present invention, the two driving elements are a driving wheel and a driven wheel, respectively; the conversion structure comprises at least one middle wheel shaft which is vertical to the main shaft, at least one middle wheel is arranged on the middle wheel shaft in a penetrating way, and at least one middle wheel is connected with the driven wheel and the driving wheel so as to enable the driving wheel and the driven wheel to rotate in opposite directions; and the driving wheel is tightly coupled with the rotating device. Further, the driven wheel, the driving wheel and the intermediate wheel are all bevel gears. Furthermore, the conversion structure comprises two intermediate wheel shafts perpendicular to the main shaft, the two intermediate wheels are respectively arranged on the intermediate wheel shafts in a penetrating manner, and the two intermediate wheels are both connected with the driven wheel and the driving wheel so as to enable the driving wheel and the driven wheel to rotate in opposite directions.

This embodiment may have several preferred embodiments, one preferred embodiment of which is that the spindle has at least one profiled surface, by means of which the reversing device is mutually coupled with the spindle. Further wherein the spindle has a plurality of contoured faces. Still further, the spindle has three profiled faces. In addition, the at least one profiled surface of the spindle may be arranged in two sections, corresponding to the two drive elements, respectively.

In this preferred embodiment, the reversing device is sleeved on the main shaft, and the reversing device includes a reversing element and two sets of rolling bodies; the reversing element is coaxially sleeved on the main shaft in a clearance fit manner, two groups of grooves with the size slightly larger than that of the rolling bodies are formed in the reversing element so as to be respectively provided with two groups of rolling bodies, and the positions of the two groups of rolling bodies respectively correspond to the positions of the two driving elements; the two driving elements are respectively provided with an inner circumferential surface, the two driving elements are respectively coaxially sleeved on the reversing element through the inner circumferential surfaces in a clearance fit mode, each group of the rolling elements comprises at least one rolling body, and the rolling bodies can roll on the special-shaped surfaces; the two groups of grooves of the reversing element can push the rolling bodies to be matched with the special-shaped surfaces and the inner circumferential surface; wherein the one-way clutch is configured by the rolling bodies being fitted with the irregularly shaped surface and the inner circumferential surface.

Further, the inner circumferential surface is a cylindrical surface, the rolling bodies are cylindrical roller pins, and the axes of the roller pins are parallel to the axis of the spindle. Or the inner circumferential surface is a conical surface, the rolling body is a conical rolling shaft, and the shape of the rolling shaft is matched with the gap between the special-shaped surface and the inner circumferential surface. Or, the inner circumferential surface is a cylindrical surface or a circular ring surface, and the rolling bodies are balls.

Further, a radial gap is formed between the profiled surface and the inner circumferential surface, a middle portion of the radial gap is larger in size than the diameter of the rolling body, and both end portions of the radial gap are smaller in size than the diameter of the rolling body. Further, the special-shaped surface is a cylindrical surface, an elliptic cylindrical surface, a paraboloid or a plane.

Further, the number of rolling elements in any of the two sets of grooves of the reversing element is equal to the number of profiled surfaces. Still further, the number of rolling elements in each of the two sets of grooves of the reversing element is equal to the number of profiled surfaces. Alternatively, the number of rolling elements in either of the two sets of grooves of the reversing element is greater than the number of profiled faces. Alternatively, the number of rolling elements in either of the two sets of grooves of the reversing element is less than the number of profiled faces.

Further, the reversing element is switchable between two positions preset in the circumferential direction of the main shaft to set the rotation direction of the main shaft by changing the positional relationship between the shaped surface and the rolling bodies.

In another preferred embodiment of the bidirectional mechanical converter of the present invention, two pawl seats are disposed on the main shaft at positions corresponding to the two driving elements, and each of the pawl seats is symmetrically provided with a pair of opposite swingable pawls; the two drive elements each have an at least partially annularly distributed inner toothed surface, which can be brought into engagement with at least one pawl; the reversing device is sleeved on the main shaft and can control the position state of the pawl, and the rotating direction of the main shaft is set by changing the position state of the pawl.

Further, the reversing device comprises a reversing element coaxially sleeved on the main shaft in a clearance fit mode, the reversing element is provided with an opening, the pawl can penetrate through the opening to be meshed with the inner toothed surface, and at least one end of the opening is used for pushing the pawl in the circumferential direction of the main shaft to control the position state of the pawl; wherein the one-way clutch is formed by cooperation between the pawls and the internally toothed surface. Further, the reversing element is switchable between two positions preset in the circumferential direction of the main shaft to set the rotation direction of the main shaft by changing the position state of the pawl.

Furthermore, an elastic element which enables the pawls to expand and lean against the inner tooth-shaped surface is arranged between each pair of pawls.

Further, the inner toothed surface is an inner ratchet surface.

In still another preferred embodiment of the bidirectional mechanical converter of the present invention, two sets of grooves are provided on the periphery of the main shaft at positions corresponding to the two driving elements, each set of grooves including two grooves; a brake block is arranged in each groove, and the brake blocks are pushed outwards by the elastic elements; the two drive elements each have an annularly distributed inner toothed surface, which can engage with at least one of the brake shoes; the reversing device is sleeved on the main shaft and can control the position state of the brake block, and the rotation direction of the main shaft is set by changing the position state of the brake block.

Further, the reversing device comprises a reversing element coaxially sleeved on the main shaft in a clearance fit manner, the reversing element is provided with an opening, the brake block can be meshed with the inner toothed surface through the opening, and at least one end of the opening is used for pushing the brake block in the circumferential direction of the main shaft to control the position state of the brake block; wherein the one-way clutch is formed by cooperation between the brake pad and the internally toothed surface. Still further, the reversing element may be switched between two positions preset in a circumferential direction of the main shaft to set a rotation direction of the main shaft by changing the position state of the brake pad.

Further, the outer edge of the brake pad is straight or includes a bevel that mates with the internally toothed surface.

In the bidirectional mechanical converter according to various preferred embodiments of the present invention, the reversing element is provided with two orientation portions corresponding to the two positions of the reversing element, respectively, so as to set the rotation direction of the spindle. Further, the two orientation parts on the reversing element comprise two positioning grooves which correspondingly set the main shaft to rotate clockwise or anticlockwise, the main shaft further comprises a positioning ball supported by a spring, and the positioning ball can be positioned in any one of the two positioning grooves so as to set the main shaft to rotate clockwise or anticlockwise. Alternatively, the bidirectional mechanical converter of each preferred embodiment of the present invention further includes a push button assembly disposed on the main shaft, wherein the push button assembly is slidable along a direction parallel to the axis of the main shaft, but is not rotatable relative to the main shaft along the circumferential direction of the main shaft; the reversing element is further provided with a spiral sliding groove, and the push button assembly is further matched with the sliding groove in a sliding mode so as to convert linear motion of the push button assembly along the direction parallel to the axis of the main shaft into circular motion of the reversing element relative to the main shaft, so that the reversing element is switched between the two positions to set the rotating direction of the main shaft. Furthermore, the spindle can further comprise a head cover fixedly connected with the spindle, a slide way parallel to the axis of the spindle is arranged on the head cover, and the push button assembly is slidably arranged on the slide way.

In the bidirectional mechanical converter of various preferred embodiments of the present invention, the converting structure may include a converting seat, the at least one intermediate axle is disposed on the converting seat perpendicular to the main axle, and the converting seat is coaxially sleeved on the reversing element in a clearance fit manner; the conversion seat is fixedly connected with a fixing device. Still further wherein the securing means is a grip ring or a frame.

The bidirectional mechanical converter of the present invention may also include other various embodiments, such as:

the two driving elements are respectively a first straight gear and a second straight gear; the conversion structure includes: a first shaft and a second shaft arranged in parallel with the main shaft in a predetermined spatial distance relationship; a third spur gear and a fourth spur gear respectively installed at opposite direction end portions of the first shaft and the second shaft such that the third spur gear is engaged with the first spur gear and the fourth spur gear is engaged with the second spur gear; and a fifth spur gear installed in the middle of the first shaft and a sixth spur gear installed in the middle of the second shaft, the fifth spur gear and the sixth spur gear being engaged with each other.

Or one driving element is a first straight gear, and the other driving element is a first belt wheel; the conversion structure includes: a shaft disposed parallel to the main shaft in a predetermined spatial distance relationship with the main shaft; a second spur gear and a second pulley respectively provided at opposite ends of the shaft such that the second spur gear and the first spur gear are engaged with each other at one side of the main shaft, the second pulley being drivable by the first pulley through a transmission belt; and a drive belt coupling the first pulley with the second pulley.

Or, the two driving elements are a first belt pulley and a second belt pulley respectively; the conversion structure includes: a first shaft and a second shaft arranged in parallel with the main shaft and in a preset spatial distance relationship; third and fourth pulleys mounted at opposite ends of the first and second shafts, respectively, such that the third pulley is driven by the first pulley through a first transmission belt and the fourth pulley is driven by the second pulley through a second transmission belt; and the first straight gear is arranged in the middle of the first shaft, and the second straight gear is arranged in the middle of the second shaft, and the first straight gear is meshed with the second straight gear.

Or, the two driving elements are a first three-dimensional belt pulley and a second three-dimensional belt pulley; the conversion structure includes: an axis lying in a plane orthogonal to the main axis and having a predetermined spatial distance relationship with the main axis; a third three-dimensional pulley and a fourth three-dimensional pulley provided at opposite ends of the shaft, respectively; and a three-dimensional toothed belt coupling the first, second, third, and fourth three-dimensional pulleys together.

The invention also discloses a hand tool comprising any one of the bidirectional mechanical converters described above, wherein the rotating device is a handle, the spindle rotates in a predetermined direction to output torque no matter how the handle rotates, and the predetermined direction is reversible. Furthermore, the main shaft is also provided with a tool head, so that the manual tool can be a screwdriver, a hand drill or a torque wrench. Still further, the tool bit is a screwdriver bit sleeve, and the screwdriver bit sleeve is used for installing screwdriver bits of various models.

The bidirectional mechanical converter combines the function of the unidirectional clutch and the function of the commutator on one reversing device, has simple and compact structure, can effectively utilize the bidirectional movement of the driving device, can conveniently switch the rotating direction of the output shaft according to the requirement, and is simple and convenient to operate. The whole product is a complete structure and does not lose parts. After the push button is arranged, the output shaft can be pushed by only one finger of an operator, and the reversing of the output shaft is greatly facilitated.

The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view of a first embodiment of the present invention in a first operating condition;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line E-E of the embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a front view of the first embodiment of the present invention in a second operational state;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the transmission mechanism of the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an exploded schematic view of the transmission mechanism of FIG. 4, with the transmission disengaged from the reversing device;

FIG. 6 is an exploded schematic view of the transmission of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is an exploded schematic view of the reversing device of FIG. 5;

FIG. 8A is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8C is a simplified fragmentary schematic view of the C-C cross-sectional component of FIG. 2;

FIG. 8D is a simplified fragmentary schematic view of the D-D cross-sectional component of FIG. 2;

FIG. 9A is a cross-sectional view A '-A' of FIG. 3;

FIG. 9C is a simplified fragmentary schematic view of the C-C cross-sectional component of FIG. 3;

FIG. 9D is a simplified fragmentary schematic view of the D-D cross-sectional component of FIG. 3;

FIG. 10 is a partial schematic view of the first embodiment of the present invention showing the engagement of the main shaft with the driving or driven wheel;

fig. 11C is a cross-sectional view of the reversing device corresponding to the driven wheel in the first operating state of the second embodiment of the present invention, the cross-sectional position being shown at C-C in fig. 2 and 3;

fig. 11D is a cross-sectional view of the reversing device corresponding to the driving wheel in the first working state of the second embodiment of the present invention, the cross-sectional position of which is shown in D-D position in fig. 2 and 3;

FIG. 12C is a cross-sectional view of the reversing device in a second operating condition for the second embodiment of the present invention, taken along the line C-C in FIGS. 2 and 3, in response to a driven wheel;

fig. 12D is a cross-sectional view of the reversing device corresponding to the driving wheel in the second working state of the second embodiment of the present invention, the cross-sectional position of which is shown in D-D position in fig. 2 and 3;

fig. 13C is a cross-sectional view of the reversing device corresponding to the driven wheel in the first operating condition of the third embodiment of the present invention, the cross-sectional position being shown at C-C in fig. 2 and 3;

fig. 13D is a cross-sectional view of the reversing device corresponding to the driving wheel in the first working state of the third embodiment of the present invention, the cross-sectional position of which is shown in D-D position in fig. 2 and 3;

fig. 14C is a cross-sectional view of the reversing device corresponding to the driven wheel in the second operating state of the third embodiment of the present invention, the cross-sectional position being shown at C-C in fig. 2 and 3;

fig. 14D is a cross-sectional view of the reversing device corresponding to the driving wheel in the second working state of the third embodiment of the present invention, the cross-sectional position of the reversing device is shown in D-D position in fig. 2 and 3;

FIG. 15 is a partial cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention showing the structural relationship of the spindle, brake shoes, reversing element and drive pulley thereof;

FIG. 16 is a partial cross-sectional view of a fifth embodiment of the present invention, showing the structural relationship of the spindle, brake shoes, reversing element and drive pulley thereof;

FIG. 17 is a front view of a sixth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 17A is a cross-sectional view A "-A" of the embodiment shown in FIG. 17;

FIG. 17B is a cross-sectional view B '-B' of the embodiment shown in FIG. 17;

FIG. 17C is a cross-sectional view C '-C' of the embodiment shown in FIG. 17;

FIG. 17D is a cross-sectional view D '-D' of the embodiment shown in FIG. 17;

FIG. 17E is a cross-sectional view E '-E' of the embodiment shown in FIG. 17.

Detailed Description

The first embodiment is as follows:

referring to fig. 1 and 2, a preferred embodiment is to apply the bi-directional mechanical converter of the present invention to a manual screwdriver 100, wherein the screwdriver 100 realizes bi-directional speed multiplication transmission through a transmission mechanism 120 as shown in fig. 4. The transmission mechanism 120 includes a transmission device 130 and a reversing device 110 shown in fig. 4, and can realize the switching of the rotation direction of the main shaft. Fig. 5 and 6 illustrate the construction and mounting of the transmission 130 and the reversing device 110. The 'bidirectional speed-multiplying transmission' or 'bidirectional transmission' of the invention is relative to input, namely, the handle is used as a rotating device, the input force of the handle can be in any direction of clockwise or counterclockwise, and the input force in any direction can be effectively utilized. The term "reversible" in the present invention means that the output rotation direction of the spindle can be selected to be either clockwise or counterclockwise, as desired. The clockwise or counterclockwise direction referred to in this specification is defined as a rotational direction viewed axially from the bit toward the handle.

The structure, operation and principle of the manual screwdriver 100 of the present embodiment are described in detail as follows.

1. Integral structure of screwdriver 100

The screwdriver 100 consists of a spindle 105, a transmission 120 and a rotating device. In the present embodiment, the rotating device is a handle 121, and the torque input at the handle 121 in any direction (either clockwise or counterclockwise) is transmitted to the main shaft 105 by the transmission mechanism 120, so that the main shaft 105 outputs the torque in a preset direction (either clockwise or counterclockwise). The transmission mechanism 120 is mounted on the main shaft 105, and transmits the driving torque of the handle 121 to the main shaft 105. Various types of screwdriver bits 101 can be mounted through a bit sleeve 104 mounted on a main shaft 105 to output torque.

Screwdriver 100 also includes a head cover 108 and a grip ring 113, as viewed from the outside.

The head cover 108 is fixedly coupled to the main shaft 105 by the pins 106, so that the head cover 108 and the main shaft 105 rotate together.

The grip ring 113 and the handle 121 are held by two hands of an operator. The grip ring 113 is stationary when being held, and the handle 121 can rotate in either direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) relative to the grip ring 113. Stationary grip ring 113 is the reference for the rotation of the various components in screwdriver 100.

2. Drive mechanism 120

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the transmission mechanism 120 includes a transmission device 130 and a reversing device 110, and realizes bidirectional double-speed transmission in which the spindle can reverse. The transmission device 130 is sleeved outside the reversing device 110, and the reversing device 110 is sleeved outside the main shaft 105. The commutation apparatus 110 serves two functions: i) in cooperation with the transmission 130, a conversion of a bidirectional input into a unidirectional output (i.e., the function of a one-way clutch) and, ii) a switching of the output direction (i.e., the function of a commutator) are achieved.

2.1 Structure of the Transmission 130

As shown in fig. 6, the transmission 130 includes four bevel gears and a transfer housing 114, the four bevel gears including a drive pulley 118, a driven pulley 111, and two intermediate wheels 128 coupling the driven and drive pulleys. The use of two intermediate wheels can balance the transmission, and only one intermediate wheel can be used, without affecting the function of the invention, which is not limited by the invention. The driver 118 is fixedly coupled to the handle 121, and transmits torque input from the handle.

The driving wheel 118, the conversion seat 114 and the driven wheel 111 are coaxially sleeved on a reversing element 115 of the reversing device 110 in a clearance fit manner in sequence, wherein the reversing device 110 enables the driving wheel 118 and the driven wheel 111 to form a one-way clutch relationship with the main shaft 105 respectively, namely, the driving wheel drives the main shaft to rotate in one direction, and the other driven wheel idles; in the other direction, the functions of the driving wheel and the driven wheel are exchanged, the driven wheel which is idle originally drives the main shaft to rotate, and the driving wheel is idle relative to the main shaft. Specific implementations of the one-way clutch relationship are detailed in sections 2.2 and 2.3 below.

Fig. 8B shows the connection relationship between the transition piece 114, the reversing element 115 and the grip ring 113. The switching base 114 and the reversing element 115 can rotate relatively. The transition piece 114 is provided with two intermediate wheel axles 133 in the radial direction for mounting the intermediate wheels 128. The intermediate wheel 128 keeps the driving wheel 118 and the driven wheel 111 always rotating in opposite directions, i.e. when the driving wheel rotates in a clockwise direction, the driven wheel rotates in a counter-clockwise direction; conversely, when the driving wheel rotates in the counterclockwise direction, the driven wheel rotates in the clockwise direction.

The transition piece 114 also includes a radially threaded bore 132 for securing the grip ring 113. The grip ring 113 and the conversion seat 114 are tightly coupled by the screw 112. This embodiment also has a threaded bore 134 axially disposed in the center hub 133. The threaded hole 134 may also be used to secure the grip ring 113 for compactness, where the grip ring 113 also serves to limit axial displacement of the intermediate wheel 128. Of course, the grip ring 113 of the present invention may be fixedly coupled to the transition piece 114 only through the threaded hole 132, while the axial displacement of the intermediate wheel 128 is limited by providing an axial stop through the threaded hole 134, or by providing a blocking element such as a retaining ring on the intermediate wheel shaft 133.

2.2 Structure of the reversing device 110 and the principle thereof

As shown in fig. 5, the reversing device 110 is sleeved on the main shaft 105, and a transmission device 130 is sleeved outside the reversing device. The reversing device 110 includes a reversing element 115 and two sets of needles 127-1 and 127-2. The commutation element 115 is coaxially sleeved on the main shaft 105 with a clearance fit. The reversing element 115 is slotted with two sets of slots that are larger in size than the needles 127-1 and 127-2 to set the needles 127-1 and 127-2 and allow the needles 127-1 and 127-2 to roll freely. The axes of the needles 127-1 and 127-2 are parallel to the axis of the main shaft 105. Referring to FIG. 2, the two sets of grooves and needles 127-1 and 127-2 are positioned to correspond to the drive pulley 118 and the driven pulley 111 of the transmission 130, respectively, i.e., the first set of grooves and needles 127-2 engages the inner circumferential surface 138 of the drive pulley 118 and the second set of grooves and needles 127-1 engages the inner circumferential surface 135 of the driven pulley 111. Inner circular surfaces 135 and 138 of this embodiment are cylindrical surfaces.

As shown in fig. 7 and 10, the spindle 105 is provided with a profile surface 131 at a position corresponding to the groove and the needle roller. The main shaft 105 of the present embodiment is provided with three profiled surfaces 131, and the needles 127-1 and 127-2 can roll on the profiled surfaces 131 corresponding to each set of 3 needles 127-1 or 127-2. In practice, each contoured surface 131 has two working surfaces that mate with inner circular surfaces 135 and 138 via needles 127-1 and 127-2, respectively. The working surface of the special-shaped surface 131 may be a cylindrical surface, an elliptic cylindrical surface, a paraboloid, or other curved surface, or may be a plane, that is, the outer contour line of the cross section of the special-shaped surface 131 may be a circular arc, an elliptic arc, a parabola, or other curved line, or may be a straight line. The profiled surface 131 and the inner circular surface 138 or 135 form a radial gap (see the matching relationship between the main shaft 105 and the driving wheel 118 or the driven wheel 111 shown in fig. 10) to limit the moving range of the needle roller. The object of the invention is achieved as long as the intermediate part a of the radial gap has a dimension larger than the diameter of the needles 127-1, 127-2 in the circumferential direction of the spindle, and the two end parts b, b' have a dimension smaller than the diameter of the needles 127-1, 127-2, respectively, the needles are movable between the two ends of the radial gap under the urging of the reversing element 115, and a self-locking condition is fulfilled at the joints of the needles with the profiled and inner circular surfaces. The radial gap also need not be symmetrical, i.e. b and b' being unequal does not affect the object of the invention.

In other embodiments, the number of the irregular surfaces may be one, two or more than three, which can achieve the purpose of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. Accordingly, the number of needles in each set may be one, two or more than three, even if the number of needles is less than or more than the number of profiled surfaces. For example, the reversing element 115 of this embodiment has two sets of 6 grooves for receiving the needles 127-1 and 127-2. Even if the rolling needles are not arranged in part of the grooves, the aim of the invention can be achieved as long as at least one rolling needle in each group of grooves is ensured to exist. If two rolling needles are arranged in the groove, the aims of the invention can be achieved no matter the two rolling needles are arranged in parallel or in series in the axial direction.

In summary, the purpose of the present invention can be achieved only if the driving wheel and the driven wheel of the transmission device 130 are respectively engaged with the irregular surface through the needle rollers, and the present invention is not limited thereto. The needle roller of the present invention may be replaced by other rolling elements, such as balls, tapered rollers, etc., and the shapes of the corresponding irregular surface and inner circular surface match the shapes of the rolling elements, such as the irregular surface and inner circular surface are configured as a circular surface or a conical surface. Of course, each of the profiled surfaces 131 may be machined to form two working surfaces corresponding to the two sets of needles 127-1 and 127-2, respectively, and the objects of the present invention are also achieved. The diameters of inner surfaces 135 and 138 are the same, and if they are different, the purpose of the present invention can still be achieved by selecting appropriate diameter needles to engage with the corresponding profiled surfaces.

The operating principle of the reversing device 110 as a one-way clutch and a commutator in two operating states will be described below with reference to fig. 8A, 8C, and 8D and fig. 9A, 9C, and 9D, respectively. The reversing device 110 is simplified in the figure to a structure in which a needle roller is engaged with a flat, contoured surface of the main shaft 105.

Fig. 8C and 8D correspond to the first operating condition of the present embodiment, with the needles 127-1 and 127-2 being pushed to the right in the figure by the reversing element 115. The roller pin 127-1 contacts both the inner circumferential surface 135 and the contoured surface 131 of the driven pulley 111 in fig. 8C, and the roller pin 127-2 contacts both the inner circumferential surface 138 and the contoured surface 131 of the driving pulley 118 in fig. 8D.

When the driving wheel 118 rotates clockwise, the inner circular surface 138 drives the needle roller 127-2 to rotate clockwise, and the needle roller 127-2 is subjected to a right friction force on the special-shaped surface 131, that is, the forces of the inner circular surface 138 and the special-shaped surface 131 on the needle roller 127-2 are both towards the right side, so that the needle roller 127-2 is clamped by a wedge angle formed between the special-shaped surface 131 and the inner circular surface 138, and the main shaft 105 is driven to rotate clockwise. At this time, the driven pulley 111 rotates counterclockwise, and the needle roller 127-1 engaged with the inner circular surface 135 also rotates counterclockwise, and the needle roller receives a leftward frictional force on the profiled surface 131, that is, the inner circular surface 135 and the profiled surface 131 both have a force toward the left side with respect to the needle roller 127-1, so that the needle roller 127-1 is in a relaxed state due to the radial gap at the left side of the needle roller having a size larger than the diameter of the needle roller, and accordingly, the driven pulley 111 rotates idly with respect to the main shaft 105.

When the driving wheel 118 rotates counterclockwise, the inner circular surface 138 drives the corresponding needle roller 127-2 to rotate counterclockwise, the needle roller is subjected to a leftward friction force on the profiled surface 131, i.e., the forces of the inner circular surface 138 and the profiled surface 131 on the needle roller 127-2 are both towards the left, and since the radial gap on the left side of the needle roller 127-2 is larger than the diameter of the needle roller, the needle roller 127-2 is in a relaxed state, so that the driving wheel 118 idles relative to the main shaft 105. However, the driven wheel 111 is rotated clockwise due to the presence of the intermediate gear 128. The inner circular surface 135 drives the corresponding needle roller 127-1 to rotate clockwise, and the needle roller 127-1 is subjected to a right friction force on the special-shaped surface 131, that is, the forces of the inner circular surface 135 and the special-shaped surface 131 on the needle roller 127-1 are both towards the right side, so that the needle roller 127-1 is clamped by a wedge angle formed between the special-shaped surface 131 and the inner circular surface 135, and the spindle 105 is driven to rotate clockwise.

Therefore, no matter the handle drives the driving wheel to rotate clockwise or anticlockwise, the main shaft 105 rotates clockwise in the first working state.

Fig. 9C and 9D correspond to the second operating condition of the present embodiment, with the needles 127-1 and 127-2 being pushed to the left in the figure by the reversing element 115. The roller pin 127-1 contacts both the inner circumferential surface 135 and the contoured surface 131 of the driven pulley 111 in fig. 9C, and the roller pin 127-2 contacts both the inner circumferential surface 138 and the contoured surface 131 of the driving pulley 118 in fig. 9D.

When the driving wheel 118 rotates clockwise, the inner circular surface 138 drives the corresponding needle roller 127-2 to rotate clockwise, the needle roller 127-2 is subjected to a right friction force on the profiled surface 131, i.e. the forces of the inner circular surface 138 and the profiled surface 131 on the needle roller 127-2 are both towards the right side, and since the radial clearance on the right side of the needle roller 127-2 is larger than the diameter of the needle roller, the needle roller 127-2 is in a relaxed state, so that the driving wheel 118 idles relative to the main shaft 105. However, the driven wheel 111 is rotated counterclockwise due to the presence of the intermediate gear 128. The inner circular surface 135 drives the corresponding needle roller 127-1 to rotate counterclockwise, and the needle roller 127-1 is subjected to a leftward friction force on the irregular surface 131, that is, the forces of the inner circular surface 135 and the irregular surface 131 on the needle roller 127-1 are both toward the left side, so that the needle roller 127-1 is clamped by a wedge angle formed between the irregular surface 131 and the inner circular surface 135, and the spindle 105 is driven to rotate counterclockwise.

When the driving wheel 118 rotates counterclockwise, the inner circular surface 138 drives the needle roller 127-2 to rotate counterclockwise, and the needle roller 127-2 is subjected to a leftward friction force on the profiled surface 131, that is, the forces of the inner circular surface 138 and the profiled surface 131 on the needle roller 127-2 are both toward the left side, so that the needle roller 127-2 is clamped by a wedge angle formed between the profiled surface 131 and the inner circular surface 138, and the spindle 105 is driven to rotate counterclockwise. At this time, the driven wheel 111 rotates clockwise, the needle roller 127-1 engaged with the inner circular surface 135 also rotates clockwise, the needle roller 127-1 receives right friction on the profiled surface 131, i.e. the forces of the inner circular surface 135 and the profiled surface 131 to the needle roller 127-1 are all towards the right, and the needle roller 127-1 is in a relaxed state due to the radial clearance on the right side of the needle roller 127-1 being larger than the diameter of the needle roller, and accordingly, the driven wheel 111 rotates idly relative to the main shaft 105.

Therefore, no matter the handle drives the driving wheel to rotate clockwise or anticlockwise, the main shaft 105 rotates anticlockwise in the second working state.

In summary, the reversing device 110 respectively realizes the function of the one-way clutch in two working states.

Referring to fig. 7, 8A and 9A, the reversing element 115 is provided with two positioning grooves 117-1 and 117-2, which cooperate with a positioning steel ball 124 provided on the main shaft 105 to switch between the two aforementioned working states. The positioning steel ball 124 is pushed into the positioning groove by a spring 123 located inside the main shaft 105, and the reversing device 110 is set to one of two working states. The position of the positioning steel ball 124 between the two positioning grooves can be switched by rotating the reversing element 115 by an angle relative to the main shaft 105, so that the embodiment is switched between the first working state and the second working state, and the reversing function of the reversing device 110 is realized.

2.3 the following description of the operation of the present embodiment with reference to the drawings

2.3.1 first, the reversing element 115 is rotated relative to the main shaft 105 to position the positioning ball 124 in one of the two desired positioning slots, as shown in fig. 8A in positioning slot 117-1, where the main shaft 105 is set to rotate clockwise, in the first operating state described above.

2.3.1.1 the operator holds the grip ring 113 with one hand and rotates the handle 121 clockwise with the other hand, thereby rotating the driver 118 clockwise. At this time, the inner circular surface 138 of the driving wheel 118 and the irregular surface 131 of the main shaft 105 clamp the needle roller 127-2 corresponding to the driving wheel 118, and drive the main shaft 105 to rotate clockwise. The intermediate wheel 128 drives the driven wheel 111 to rotate anticlockwise, and the roller pin 127-1 corresponding to the driven wheel 111 is in a loose state and can roll, so that the driven wheel 111 idles on the main shaft 105. Therefore, driven pulley 111 is not active at this time.

2.3.1.2 the operator rotates the handle 121 counterclockwise, which causes the drive wheel 118 to rotate counterclockwise. At this time, the needle roller 127-2 corresponding to the driving wheel 118 is in a relaxed state and can roll, so that the driving wheel 118 idles on the main shaft 105. The intermediate wheel 128 drives the driven wheel 111 to rotate clockwise, and the roller pin 127-1 corresponding to the driven wheel 111 is clamped to drive the main shaft 105 to rotate clockwise.

In summary, it is achieved that the spindle rotates clockwise regardless of the direction of rotation of the handle 121.

2.3.2 the reversing element 115 is then rotated relative to the main shaft 105 to replace the positioning ball 124 in the positioning slot 117-2, at which time the main shaft 105 is set to rotate only counterclockwise, in the second working condition described above. The operator holds the grip ring 113 with one hand and rotates the handle 121 with the other hand in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, thereby rotating the spindle in a counterclockwise direction.

3. Further improved structure of reversing device 110

Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the head cover 108 is further provided with a slide way parallel to the axis of the spindle 105, and a push button assembly 126 capable of sliding along the slide way is arranged in the slide way and used for controlling the position of the reversing element 115 so as to set the rotation direction of the spindle 105. For example, when the push button assembly 126 is moved to the front position (i.e., toward the bit, as shown in fig. 1), the positioning groove 117-1 of the reversing element 115 engages the positioning steel ball 124, the spindle 105 can only be rotated clockwise, and the screwdriver 100 is used to tighten the screw; when the push button assembly 126 is moved to the rear position (i.e., away from the batch head, as shown in fig. 3), the detent 117-2 of the reversing element 115 engages the detent ball 124, the spindle 105 can only be rotated counterclockwise, and the screwdriver 100 is used to loosen the screw. Of course, the relationship between the push button and the rotation direction of the spindle may be reversed, and the present invention is not limited thereto.

The control of the switch element 115 by the push button assembly 126 is achieved by a space cam mechanism. As shown in fig. 7, 8A and 9A, a spiral sliding groove 116 is formed on the outer circumferential surface of the reversing element 115. The push button assembly 126 has a portion, such as an arm 126-1 or a steel ball, extending into the slide channel 116, thereby forming a cam mechanism that translates the axial linear motion of the push button assembly 126 into a circular motion of the reversing element 115, i.e., the push button assembly 126 is axially toggled, and the arm 126-1 extending into the slide channel 116 causes the reversing element 115 to move in a circular motion. By this cam mechanism, the switching of the push button assembly 126 between the front and rear two positions is converted into the switching of the positioning steel balls 124 in the two positioning grooves.

Without the push button assembly 126, to effect reversal, both hands must be separately engaged to rotate the spindle and reversing element 115 (or a separate, easily graspable component that is securely coupled to the two components). After the push button assembly 126 is arranged, the operator can push the switch by only one finger to realize reversing. This improvement greatly facilitates the use of the reversing device 110.

In addition, the positioning ball 124 and the two positioning grooves can be eliminated by controlling the rotation of the reversing element 115 by the push button assembly 126. The object of the present invention can be achieved by pushing the reversing element 115 through the push button assembly 126, which in turn pushes the roller pins to the operating position of the one-way clutch.

The present embodiment further includes a structure for limiting unnecessary axial movement of each component, such as a step, a retainer, a fastener, etc., and various bearings, oil-containing bushings, etc., provided for smooth rotation, which are not described in detail herein, and the present invention is not limited thereto.

In general operation, the grip ring 113 of the present embodiment is held stationary, i.e., twice as efficient, as compared to a conventional screwdriver without a double speed drive. In practice, however, the grip ring 113 may be rotated in the opposite direction to the handle 121, with the spindle 105 rotating twice as fast as the handle 121, i.e., four times as fast as a conventional screwdriver without a double speed drive.

Example two:

this embodiment is similar to the embodiment except that the commutation device 110 of the first embodiment is replaced with a ratchet-pawl type commutation device as shown in fig. 11C, 11D and fig. 12C, 12D. A pawl seat is arranged on the main shaft 105, and two opposite swingable pawls are symmetrically arranged on the pawl seat, namely a pawl seat 223 and pawls 224a and 224b corresponding to the driving wheel 118 in fig. 11D and 12D, and a pawl seat 213 and pawls 214a and 214b corresponding to the driven wheel 111 in fig. 11C and 12C. The reversing element 215 is provided with an opening, and the two ends of the opening can push the pawl to change the working position of the pawl (namely, the rotation direction of the spindle is set). In fig. 11C and 12C, the open ends of the reversing element 215 are 216a and 216b, and in fig. 11D and 12D, the open ends are 226a and 226 b. The inner circumferential surfaces of the driving wheel 118 and the driven wheel 111 instead have annularly distributed inner ratchet surfaces 238 and 235, which can engage with at least one pawl, respectively. Resilient members 219 and 229 are also provided between each pair of pawls to urge the pawls toward the inner ratchet surface to ensure reliable engagement of the pawls with the inner ratchet surface. The working principle of the embodiment is as follows:

fig. 11C and 11D correspond to the first operating condition of this embodiment, with pawl 224b engaging internal ratchet surface 238 and pawl 214b engaging internal ratchet surface 235. At this point, the open end 216a of the reversing element 215 pushes on the pawl 214a and the open end 226a of the reversing element 215 pushes on the pawl 224a to disengage from its respective inner ratchet surface 235, 238, and thus is deactivated.

At this time, when the handle 121 is rotated clockwise to rotate the driving wheel 118 clockwise, the pawl 224b slides over the inner ratchet surface 238, and does not transmit torque to the main shaft 105. Driven pulley 111 is rotated counterclockwise by intermediate gear 128 and inner ratchet surface 235 transmits torque to spindle 105 via pawl 214b engaging therewith, causing spindle to rotate counterclockwise.

If the handle 121 is rotated counterclockwise to rotate the driving wheel 118 counterclockwise, the inner ratchet surface 238 transmits a torque to the main shaft 105 via the pawl 224b engaged therewith, so that the main shaft rotates counterclockwise. Driven wheel 111 then rotates clockwise and pawl 214b rides on inner ratchet surface 235, i.e. driven wheel 111 is freewheeling relative to main shaft 105.

Therefore, no matter the handle drives the driving wheel to rotate clockwise or anticlockwise, the main shaft 105 of the embodiment rotates anticlockwise in the first working state.

Fig. 12C and 12D correspond to a second operating condition of the present embodiment, wherein the reversing element 215 is rotated clockwise through an angle such that the pawl 224a engages the inner ratchet surface 238 and the pawl 214a engages the inner ratchet surface 235. At this point, the open end 216b of the reversing element 215 pushes on the pawl 214b and the open end 226b of the reversing element 215 pushes on 224b, disengaging from its respective inner ratchet surface 235, 238, and is thus inoperative. In a similar manner, no matter the handle drives the driving wheel to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise, in the second working state, the main shaft 105 rotates clockwise.

Thus, shifting between the first and second operating states described above can be achieved by toggling the reversing element 215 with respect to the main shaft 105, with its open end, such that the appropriate pawl engages the internal ratchet surface.

Example three:

this embodiment is similar to the embodiment except that the reversing device 110 of the first embodiment is replaced with a brake shoe reversing device as shown in fig. 13C, 13D and fig. 14C, 14D. Grooves are formed in the main shaft 105 in parallel on both sides of the axis, and brake shoes are disposed in the grooves, i.e., brake shoes 324a and 324b corresponding to the driving pulley 118 in fig. 13D and 14D, and brake shoes 314a and 314b corresponding to the driven pulley 111 in fig. 13C and 14C. The outer side end surfaces of the brake shoes 314a and 314b are inclined surfaces, and the two inclined surfaces are opposed in a V-shape. The reversing element 315 is open at its end to push against the outboard end of the brake pad to extend and retract the brake pad within the slot, thereby changing the operating position of the brake pad (i.e., setting the rotational direction of the spindle). In fig. 13C and 14C, the open-acting ends of the reversing element 315 are 316a and 316b, and in fig. 13D and 14D, the open-acting ends are 326a and 326 b. The open ends of the reversing element 315 are each located between two opposing inclined surfaces that are V-shaped. The inner circumferential surfaces of the driving pulley 118 and the driven pulley 111 are instead provided with inner toothed surfaces 338 and 335 having a plurality of teeth, which may be engaged with at least one brake shoe, respectively. A spring 319 for pushing the brake block outwards is also arranged in the groove of the main shaft 105 provided with the brake block so as to ensure the reliable meshing of the brake block and the inner tooth surface. The working principle of the embodiment is as follows:

13C, 13D correspond to the first operating condition of the present embodiment, with the open-acting end 326a of the reversing element 315 urging the stop block 324a to retract into the slot, and the stop block 324b engaging the inner land 338; the open acting end 316a of the reversing element 315 pushes the brake shoe 314a into the groove and the brake shoe 314b engages the inner tooth surface 335.

At this time, if the handle 121 is rotated clockwise to drive the driving wheel 118 to rotate clockwise, the inner tooth surface 338 can transmit torque to the main shaft 105 through the brake block 324b engaged therewith, so that the main shaft rotates clockwise. Driven wheel 111 rotates counterclockwise by intermediate gear 128, and brake shoe 314b slides on inner tooth surface 335, and does not transmit torque to main shaft 105, that is, driven wheel 111 rotates idly with respect to main shaft 105.

If the handle 121 is rotated counterclockwise to rotate the driving wheel 118 counterclockwise, the brake block 324b slides on the inner tooth surface 338 without transmitting torque to the main shaft 105. The driven wheel 111 rotates clockwise under the driving of the intermediate gear 128, and the inner tooth surface 335 can transmit torque to the main shaft 105 through the brake block 314b engaged with the inner tooth surface, so that the main shaft rotates clockwise.

Therefore, no matter the handle drives the driving wheel to rotate clockwise or anticlockwise, the main shaft 105 of the embodiment rotates clockwise in the first working state.

14C, 14D correspond to a second operating condition of the present embodiment, wherein the open-acting end 326b of the reversing element 315 urges the stop block 324b to retract into the slot, and the stop block 324a engages the inner land 338; the open acting end 316b of the reversing element 315 pushes the brake shoe 314b into the groove and the brake shoe 314a engages the inner tooth surface 335. In a similar manner, no matter the handle drives the driving wheel to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise, in the second working state, the main shaft 105 rotates counterclockwise.

Thus, switching between the first and second operating states described above can be achieved by toggling the reversing element 315 relative to the main shaft 105, with its open active end pushing appropriate brake pads into engagement with the internal toothed surfaces.

Example four:

this example is a modification of the brake pad of the third example, in which the outer end surface of the brake pad is changed to a flat surface. Taking the example of the component corresponding to the drive pulley 118 as shown in fig. 15, the outer end surfaces of the brake shoes 424a and 424b are flat surfaces, and the open ends 426a and 426b of the reversing element 415 are located between the two brake shoes, so that the outer end surfaces of the brake shoes can be pushed to extend and retract in the grooves, thereby changing the working positions of the brake shoes (i.e., setting the rotation direction of the spindle). The inner toothed surface 438 of the drive wheel 118 may engage at least one brake pad. Those skilled in the art will understand that the working principle of this embodiment is similar to that of the third embodiment, and the object of the present invention can be achieved.

Example five:

this embodiment is another variation of the brake pad and reversing element of example three. Taking the example of the component corresponding to the drive wheel 118 as shown in fig. 16, the outer end surfaces of the brake pads 524a and 524b are toothed to mate with the inner tooth surface 538 of the drive wheel 118, and the open ends 526a and 526b of the reversing element 515 are located on the outer sides of the two brake pads, so that the outer end surfaces of the brake pads can be pushed to extend and retract within the grooves, thereby changing the operating position of the brake pads (i.e., setting the rotational direction of the spindle). The inner toothed surface 538 of the drive wheel 118 may engage at least one brake pad. Those skilled in the art will understand that the working principle of this embodiment is similar to that of the third embodiment, and the object of the present invention can be achieved.

Example six:

in the present embodiment, the bidirectional mechanical converter of the present invention is applied to a torque wrench 600, and the torque wrench 600 realizes bidirectional speed-multiplying transmission by using a transmission mechanism similar to that of the first embodiment. The transmission mechanism also comprises a transmission device and a reversing device, can realize the switching of the rotation direction of the main shaft, and has the structure shown in figures 17 and 17A-17E.

The torque wrench 600 is comprised of a main shaft 605, a transmission mechanism, and a rotating device. In this embodiment, the rotating device is a handle 621, and a torque input from the handle 621 in any direction (either clockwise or counterclockwise) is transmitted to the main shaft 605 by the transmission mechanism, so that the main shaft 605 outputs a torque in a set direction (either clockwise or counterclockwise). The transmission of this embodiment includes a drive wheel 618, a driven wheel 611, an intermediate wheel 628 that couples the driven wheel and the drive wheel, and a switch housing 614. The driving wheel 618, the driven wheel 611 and the conversion seat 614 are sleeved outside the reversing device. Drive wheel 618 is fixedly coupled to handle 621. The switching seat 614 is used for arranging the intermediate wheel 628 and fixing the grip ring 613.

The main shaft 605 is provided with a profiled surface 631. The reversing device comprises a reversing element 615 with two groups of grooves and a roller pin 627 which is arranged in the grooves and respectively corresponds to the driving wheel 618 and the driven wheel 611, so that the function of a one-way clutch is realized. Specifically, at the driving wheel 618, the needle rollers 627 are engaged with the profiled surface 631 and the inner circumferential surface 638 of the spindle under the urging of the reversing element 615; at the driven wheel 611, the needle rollers 627 are engaged with the profiled surface 631 and the inner circumferential surface 635 of the spindle under the thrust of the reversing element 615. One end of the reversing element 615 is provided with two positioning slots 617-1 and 617-2, which are matched with a positioning steel ball 624 arranged on the main shaft 605 to realize the function of a reverser. The working principle of this embodiment is similar to that of the embodiment, in which the operator respectively holds the handle 621 and the grip ring 613 with both hands, wherein the grip ring 613 is stationary. Regardless of whether handle 621 is rotated clockwise or counterclockwise, spindle 605 rotates in the direction set by the detents of diverter element 615.

In other embodiments, the reversing device in the torque wrench 600 may be replaced by the ratchet-pawl or brake-shoe reversing device in the second to fifth embodiments, and the object of the present invention can be achieved as well.

The above-mentioned hand tool includes a screwdriver and a torque wrench, and also includes a hand drill or other similar tools, as long as the rotation device (handle) for inputting torque by the tool is coaxial with the main shaft, the bidirectional mechanical converter of the present invention can be used to realize that the main shaft outputs torque in the set direction no matter how the rotation device for inputting torque rotates, and the set direction of the main shaft can be switched.

The bi-directional mechanical converter of the present invention may also find application in other systems or devices. In other embodiments, which also include a main shaft, a transmission mechanism and a rotating device, the bevel gear transmission in the transmission device 130 of the transmission mechanism is replaced by a cylindrical gear transmission, a cylindrical gear and shaft transmission, a toothed belt transmission and shaft transmission or a three-dimensional toothed belt transmission, so that the driving wheel and the driven wheel always rotate in opposite directions. As long as the reversing device with the functions of the one-way clutch and the reverser is adopted in the transmission mechanism, other embodiments can also achieve the purpose of the invention, namely, the input force of the rotating device can be in any clockwise or anticlockwise direction, the input force in any direction can be effectively utilized and transmitted to the main shaft to be output in a preset direction, and the rotating direction of the main shaft can be conveniently switched. In other system or apparatus embodiments, the gripping ring of the reversing device of the transmission mechanism may also be replaced by a fixed device, such as a frame, as a base for mounting the entire system or apparatus.

The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A bi-directional mechanical converter, comprising:

a main shaft;

a rotating device for inputting torque, wherein a rotating shaft of the rotating device is coaxial with the main shaft;

a transmission device and a reversing device; the transmission device and the reversing device are mutually connected;

the transmission device comprises a driving wheel, a driven wheel, a conversion seat and an intermediate wheel; the middle wheel is arranged on a middle wheel shaft on the conversion seat and is matched with the driving wheel and the driven wheel for transmission, so that the driving wheel and the driven wheel rotate in opposite directions;

one of the driving wheel and the driven wheel drives the main shaft to rotate according to a preset direction;

wherein,

the preset direction can be changed by the reversing device;

the reversing device comprises a one-way clutch;

when the direction of the torque input by the torque input rotating device is the same as or opposite to the preset direction through the one-way clutch, the main shaft rotates according to the preset direction.

2. A bi-directional mechanical converter as claimed in claim 1 wherein the part of the member constituting the one-way clutch is arranged to be located at or through an opening in the reversing element.

3. A bi-directional mechanical converter as claimed in claim 2, wherein said reversing element is disposed coaxially with said main shaft.

4. A bi-directional mechanical converter as recited in claim 1 wherein said reversing device further comprises a detent ball positionable in any one of the detents to set said predetermined direction.

5. The bidirectional mechanical converter of claim 1, wherein the one-way clutch is constituted by a ratchet surface and a ratchet engaged therewith.

6. A bi-directional mechanical converter as claimed in claim 5 wherein said ratchet surface is provided on the circumferential surface of the gear on which it is located.

7. The bi-directional mechanical converter of claim 6 wherein said ratchet surfaces are disposed on circumferential surfaces of said drive wheel and said driven wheel.

8. The bi-directional mechanical converter of claim 5 wherein said ratchet surface or said ratchet teeth are disposed on said spindle.

9. The bi-directional mechanical converter of claim 5 wherein the direction of rotation of said spindle is set by changing the meshing relationship of said ratchet teeth with said ratchet surface.

10. The bidirectional mechanical converter of claim 9, wherein the predetermined direction is set by changing an engagement state of the ratchet teeth with the ratchet tooth surface by switching a reversing member between predetermined positions in a circumferential direction of the spindle.

11. A screwdriver comprises

A main shaft;

a handle coaxial with the main shaft;

the transmission device and the reversing device are mutually connected;

wherein,

the preset direction can be changed by the reversing device;

the reversing device comprises a one-way clutch;

when the direction of the torque input by the handle is the same as or opposite to the preset direction through the one-way clutch, the main shaft rotates according to the preset direction.

12. The screwdriver as recited in claim 11, wherein a portion of the members forming said one-way clutch are disposed at or through an opening in the reversing element.

13. The screwdriver as recited in claim 12, wherein the reversing element and the spindle are coaxially disposed.

14. The screwdriver as recited in claim 11, wherein the predetermined orientation is set by setting the position of the steel ball in different detents.

15. The bidirectional mechanical converter of claim 11, wherein the one-way clutch is constituted by a ratchet surface and a ratchet engaged therewith.

16. A bi-directional mechanical converter as claimed in claim 15 wherein said ratchet surface is provided on the circumferential surface of the gear on which it is located.

17. The bi-directional mechanical converter of claim 16 wherein said ratchet surfaces are disposed on circumferential surfaces of said drive wheel and said driven wheel.

18. The bi-directional mechanical converter of claim 15 wherein said ratchet surface or said ratchet teeth are disposed on said spindle.

19. The bi-directional mechanical converter of claim 15 wherein the rotational direction of the spindle is set by changing the position state of the ratchet teeth.

20. The bidirectional mechanical converter of claim 19, wherein a rotation direction of the main shaft is set by changing the position state of the ratchet by switching between positions preset in a circumferential direction of the main shaft by a reversing member.