CN105900728B - A kind of Nutrition Soil and cultural method of succulent cultivation - Google Patents
A kind of Nutrition Soil and cultural method of succulent cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- CN105900728B CN105900728B CN201610317848.6A CN201610317848A CN105900728B CN 105900728 B CN105900728 B CN 105900728B CN 201610317848 A CN201610317848 A CN 201610317848A CN 105900728 B CN105900728 B CN 105900728B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of succulent cultivation nutrient soil, parts by weight compositions are as follows: 20~40 parts of air entrained concrete ball, 10~25 parts of bamboo charcoal grain, celestial 20~50 parts of soil, red beautiful native 5~20 parts, 5~15 parts of medical stone, 5~15 parts of rice hull carbon.The present invention also provides a kind of methods for utilizing the Nutrition Soil, carrying out succulent cultivation, comprising: (1) prepares Nutrition Soil, and succulent kind is entered in the Nutrition Soil；(2) nutrient solution is prepared, nutrient solution is periodically sprayed to the epidermis of Nutrition Soil surface layer and succulent；(3) regeneration of Nutrition Soil is carried out within every 1~2 year.The present invention conserves succulent convenient for people, and Nutrition Soil is ventilative, drainage effect is good, has certain heat insulating effect, the diseases and insect pests resistance of succulent can be improved with the use of nutrient solution, and price is cheap, and production method is convenient.
Description
Technical field
The Nutrition Soil cultivated the present invention relates to field of plant growing technology more particularly to a kind of succulent and cultivation side
Method.
Background technique
Succulent refers to the higher plant of vegetable nutritorium's hypertrophy, and since succulent is drought-enduring, plantation nursing is simple,
Numerous in variety, fertility is strong, and form fairy, throughout the year equal ornamental, pretends wide all over the world for potting
It is welcome.
Since succulent its Proterozoic is mainly Mexico and South Africa, root system for moisture and the demand fatted up compared with
It is few, in plantation, it is desirable that matrix it is loose it is ventilative, draining is good, good water-retaining property, contains a certain amount of humus, be in neutrality or weak acid
Property (a few species can be alkalescence).Traditional succulent cultivation nutrient soil, mostly by leaf mould, coarse sand and base manure group
At some matrix also add bone meal, husk class material.Its nutrient preserving capability is poor, water storage power is weak, and nutrient loss is fast.
Although regular top dressing can alleviate nutrition loss, Fertilizer nutrient is be easy to cause to waste.And top dressing be mostly by
Water soluble fertilizer is soluble in water, supplements nutrient in conjunction with watering.Since the root system of succulent is all meat root system, improper appearance of watering
It easily causes succulent to burn root or rotten, succulent death is even resulted in when serious.
The succulent of summer growth, their requirements to light are then relatively low, but some have the type for expanding stem foot
It can not resist cold, winter need to maintain higher temperature.The succulent of winter growth wants aeration-cooling within dormant period summer and keeps cool
Refreshing, winter requirement is sunny, and minimum temperature maintains 7 DEG C or more, has to the thermal and insulating performance of cultivation nutrient soil certain
It is required that.
Although succulent is few famous with pest and disease damage, since it is rich in moisture in vivo, if mismanagement, environment are not
It is suitable, the infection of germ is highly prone to during transplanting and management, to undergrowth phenomenon occur.
The Chinese patent literature of Publication No. CN105016821A provides a kind of formula of plant nutrient soil: by weight
Than by calcareous fertilisers 5-12, phosphate fertilizer 1-5, urea 0.5-0.8, potash fertilizer 5-12, bone meal 2-6, nutrient solution 12-16, albumen powder 12-16, grass
Wood ash 5-12, dry pond sludge 25-40 are made, and may be implemented directly to be put into potting and wherein grow, and nutritive value is high, can persistently mention
For nutrition, but it drains poor water retention property, be easy to cause succulent rotten.
The Chinese patent literature of Publication No. CN105111026 A provides a kind of succulent planting soil formula, with weight
It measures part to count, including following components: 20-30 parts of peat, 5-10 parts of vermiculite, 5-10 parts of coco bran, 1-5 parts of rotten mosses ash, particle 20-30
Part, wherein the particle includes red beautiful 5-10 parts of soil, 5-7 parts of medical stone, 5-7 parts of river sand, 3 parts of zeolite, 3 parts of diatomite, it is above
The diameter of the particle is 2-6MM, further includes 1 part and carbendazim 0.01-0.1 parts of slow-release fertilizer, can satisfy the life of succulent
Long demand breathes freely, is not easy to harden, but needs in addition to apply slow-release fertilizer to apply carbendazim to increase fertility and sterilize, using not
Just, and not have that thermal and insulating performance is poor, be unfavorable for succulent in the growth of summer and winter.
Existing planting type, although cooperation Nutrition Soil and nutrient solution can help the growth of succulent, there are soil
Solid, poor air permeability, thermal and insulating performance is poor, and nutrient loss is serious, and not the ability of preventing disease and pest the disadvantages of.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned state of the art, technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in provide a kind of ventilative, draining
Effect is good, can prevent and treat pest and disease damage and the succulent cultivation nutrient soil with certain heat insulating effect.
A kind of Nutrition Soil of succulent cultivation, parts by weight composition are as follows:
20~40 parts of air entrained concrete ball；
10~25 parts of bamboo charcoal grain；
Celestial 20~50 parts of soil；
Red beautiful 5~20 parts of soil；
5~15 parts of medical stone；
5~15 parts of rice hull carbon.
It is had additional nutrients the thermal and insulating performance of soil by the way that environmental friendly regenerated air entrained concrete ball is added, celestial soil provides fleshiness and plants
Microelement necessary to object, bamboo charcoal grain play the role of absorption and degerming, cooperate the use of red beautiful soil and medical stone, have additional nutrients
The gas permeability of soil.
Preferably, parts by weight form are as follows:
20~30 parts of air entrained concrete ball, 10~20 parts of bamboo charcoal grain, celestial 25~40 parts of soil, red beautiful native 5~15 parts, medical stone
5~10 parts, 5~10 parts of rice hull carbon.
Preferably, parts by weight form are as follows:
25~30 parts of air entrained concrete ball, 15~20 parts of bamboo charcoal grain, celestial 30~40 parts of soil, red beautiful native 5~10 parts, medical stone
5~7 parts, 5~8 parts of rice hull carbon.
Preferably, parts by weight form are as follows:
25~28 parts of air entrained concrete ball, 15~18 parts of bamboo charcoal grain, celestial 35~37 parts of soil, red beautiful native 7~10 parts, medical stone
5~7 parts, 6~8 parts of rice hull carbon.
After it is preferred that, the heat insulation property of Nutrition Soil be can increase, and draining is good, while being had certain water-retaining property and being breathed freely
Property.
The red beautiful native diameter is 2~6mm.
The medical stone diameter is 2~6mm.
The celestial being soil contains various trace elements, including calcium 2.33~3.28, magnesium 0.709~0.787, iron 0.252~
0.35, manganese 0.015, zinc 0.011, copper 0.011, sodium 1.50~1.60, aluminium 0.133~0.15, lithium 0.015, strontium 1.00~1.50,
Chlorine 1.91~2.30, ammonia 0.673~0.75, sulphur 3.14~3.50, boron 0.013 and molybdenite 0.020, the effect with insect prevention
Fruit, cohesion is not loose, there is good water conservation, gas permeability.
The air entrained concrete bulb diameter is 3~10mm, preferably 4~6mm；Air entrained concrete ball is mixed by discarded regeneration
Solidifying soil is made, environmental friendly regenerated, and heat insulation property is good, and porosity reaches 70%~85%, considerably increases the work of microorganism
Dynamic space.
The bamboo charcoal grain diameter is 3~15mm, preferably 4~6mm；Bamboo charcoal grain has loose porous structure, molecule
Fine and closely woven porous, quality is hard, can play absorption and degermation, and meeting water can remove bleaching powder smell and all kinds of nuisances in water
Matter, the smell of clean rooms.
The present invention also provides a kind of methods for carrying out succulent cultivation using the Nutrition Soil, comprising:
(1) Nutrition Soil is prepared, and succulent kind is entered in the Nutrition Soil；
(2) nutrient solution is prepared, nutrient solution is periodically sprayed to the epidermis of Nutrition Soil surface layer and succulent；
(3) regeneration of Nutrition Soil is carried out within every 1~2 year.
When planting succulent, the air entrained concrete ball in the Nutrition Soil is laid on the bottom, and bamboo charcoal grain is laid on most
Top layer, remaining component is measured according to the ratio is laid on middle layer after mixing.
The composition of every liter of nutrient solution are as follows: 200~400mg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 50~150mg of magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate
50~150mg, 500~700mg of potassium nitrate, 5~25g of radix scutellariae Essence and cordate houttuynia 2~25g of Essence, remaining is deionization
Water.
Preferably, the composition of every liter of nutrient solution are as follows: 250~350mg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 100~120mg of magnesium sulfate,
80~120mg of ferrous sulfate, 550~650mg of potassium nitrate, 10~15g of radix scutellariae Essence and cordate houttuynia 10~15g of Essence,
Remaining is deionized water.
After it is preferred that, the nutrition of nutrient solution is comprehensive, increases antibiotic property, can improve the resistance of succulent, not be subject to disease pest
Evil.
The preparation method of the radix scutellariae Essence specifically: addition is 95% relative to 3~4 times of radix scutellariae quality of determining alcohol
Ethyl alcohol, be heated to reflux 2~3 hours, filter, it is 95% that filter residue, which is added again relative to 2~3 times of filter residue quality of determining alcohol,
Ethyl alcohol is heated to reflux 2~3 hours, and filtering, filtrate merges, and removes ethyl alcohol, and radix scutellariae Essence is made after concentration.
The principle active component of the radix scutellariae Essence is baicalein, there is anti-bacteria and anti-virus, blue to a variety of leather
Positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, pathogenic dermatophyte have inhibiting effect.
The preparation method of the cordate houttuynia Essence specifically: be added and be relative to 3~4 times of cordate houttuynia quality of determining alcohol
95% ethyl alcohol is heated to reflux 2~3 hours, filtering, and filter residue is added again is relative to 2~3 times of filter residue quality of determining alcohol
95% ethyl alcohol is heated to reflux 2~3 hours, and filtering, filtered fluid merges, and removes ethyl alcohol, and cordate houttuynia Essence is made after concentration.
The main antibiotic effective ingredient decanoyl acetaldehyde of the cordate houttuynia, it is equal to various bacteria, acid-fast bacilli and fungi etc.
There is obvious antibacterial action, a kind of yellow oil is raised in cordate houttuynia, to various microorganisms (especially saccharomycete and mould
Bacterium) there is inhibiting effect, have to the streptococcus of hemolytic, staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus influenzae, micrococcus catarrhalis, pneumococcus
Inhibiting effect；Also there is effect to Escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae, typhoid bacillus, these all protect people's to a certain extent
Health.
Succulent needs a large amount of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur, and in these elements, and based on phosphorus and potassium.
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate has good cold performance, can increase the disease resistance of succulent.Potassium nitrate can guarantee and maintain
The metabolism of succulent.The magnesium ion contained in magnesium sulfate is the constituent of plant chlorophyll, also assists in succulent
Metabolism.Ferrous sulfate can supplement iron ion, protecting leaf yellowing to succulent.The preparation method of the nutrient solution is specific
Are as follows: each component is mixed by the proportional quantity, is stirred evenly to obtain the final product.
The regeneration method of the Nutrition Soil are as follows: Nutrition Soil is layered on masking foil, is shone 3~6 hours in the sun, according to battalion
The dosage for supporting soil, which sprinkles 5~10mL nutrient solution, to be reused.
Nutrition Soil of the present invention is ventilative, drainage effect is good, and has certain heat insulating effect.It can be mentioned with the use of nutrient solution
The diseases and insect pests resistance of high succulent, conserves succulent convenient for people, and price is cheap, and production method is just
Benefit.
Specific embodiment:
Invention is further described in detail combined with specific embodiments below.
Embodiment 1
Prepare Nutrition Soil, parts by weight composition are as follows: 20 parts of air entrained concrete ball, 10 parts of bamboo charcoal grain, celestial 30 parts of soil, red beautiful soil 10
Part, 8 parts of medical stone, 5 parts of rice hull carbon.
Wherein air entrained concrete bulb diameter is 3mm, and bamboo charcoal grain diameter is 3mm, and red beautiful native diameter is 2~6mm, and medical stone is straight
Diameter is 2~6mm.
Air entrained concrete ball is laid on the bottom in basin, bamboo charcoal grain is laid on top in basin, remaining component is according to the ratio
Amount is laid on middle layer in basin after mixing.
Prepare nutrient solution, the composition of every liter of nutrient solution are as follows: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200mg, magnesium sulfate 50mg, ferrous sulfate
100mg, potassium nitrate 500mg, radix scutellariae Essence 15g and cordate houttuynia Essence 15g, remaining is deionized water, by the proportional quantity
Each component is mixed.
Succulent kind is entered in Nutrition Soil, nutrient solution was sprayed at Nutrition Soil surface layer and succulent in every 1~2 month
Epidermis, every 1~2 year carry out Nutrition Soil regeneration.
Embodiment 2
Prepare Nutrition Soil, parts by weight composition are as follows: 30 parts of air entrained concrete ball, 15 parts of bamboo charcoal grain, celestial 40 parts of soil, red beautiful soil 5
Part, 10 parts of medical stone, 5 parts of rice hull carbon.
Wherein air entrained concrete bulb diameter is 5mm, and the bamboo charcoal grain diameter is 5mm, and the red beautiful native diameter is 2~6mm,
The medical stone diameter is 2~6mm.
Air entrained concrete ball is laid on the bottom in basin, bamboo charcoal grain is laid on top in basin, remaining component is according to the ratio
Amount is laid on middle layer in basin after mixing.
Prepare nutrient solution, the composition of every liter of nutrient solution are as follows: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 300mg, magnesium sulfate 100mg, ferrous sulfate
50mg, potassium nitrate 600mg, radix scutellariae Essence 10g and cordate houttuynia Essence 20g, remaining is deionized water, will by the proportional quantity
Each component mixing.
Succulent kind is entered in Nutrition Soil, nutrient solution was sprayed at Nutrition Soil surface layer and succulent in every 1~2 month
Epidermis, every 1~2 year carry out Nutrition Soil regeneration.
Embodiment 3
Prepare Nutrition Soil, parts by weight composition are as follows: 40 parts of air entrained concrete ball, 25 parts of bamboo charcoal grain, celestial 50 parts of soil, red beautiful soil 20
Part, 15 parts of medical stone, 15 parts of rice hull carbon.
Wherein air entrained concrete bulb diameter is 10mm, and the bamboo charcoal grain diameter is 10mm, the red beautiful native diameter is 2~
6mm, the medical stone diameter are 2~6mm.
Air entrained concrete ball is laid on the bottom in basin, bamboo charcoal grain is laid on top in basin, remaining component is according to the ratio
Amount is laid on middle layer in basin after mixing.
Prepare nutrient solution, the composition of every liter of nutrient solution are as follows: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 400mg, magnesium sulfate 150mg, ferrous sulfate
150mg, potassium nitrate 500mg, radix scutellariae Essence 20g and cordate houttuynia Essence 5g, remaining is deionized water, will by the proportional quantity
Each component mixing.
Succulent kind is entered in Nutrition Soil, nutrient solution was sprayed at Nutrition Soil surface layer and succulent in every 1~2 month
Epidermis, every 1~2 year carry out Nutrition Soil regeneration.
Embodiment 4
Prepare Nutrition Soil, parts by weight composition are as follows: 30 parts of air entrained concrete ball, 15 parts of bamboo charcoal grain, celestial 40 parts of soil, red beautiful soil 15
Part, 5 parts of medical stone, 15 parts of rice hull carbon.
Wherein air entrained concrete bulb diameter is 8mm, and the bamboo charcoal grain diameter is 5mm, and the red beautiful native diameter is 2~6mm,
The medical stone diameter is 2~6mm.
Air entrained concrete ball is laid on the bottom in basin, bamboo charcoal grain is laid on top in basin, remaining component is according to the ratio
Amount is laid on middle layer in basin after mixing.
Prepare nutrient solution, the composition of every liter of nutrient solution are as follows: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 350mg, magnesium sulfate 150mg, ferrous sulfate
100mg, potassium nitrate 700mg, radix scutellariae Essence 25g and cordate houttuynia Essence 25g, remaining is deionized water, by the proportional quantity
Each component is mixed.
Succulent kind is entered in Nutrition Soil, nutrient solution was sprayed at Nutrition Soil surface layer and succulent in every 1~2 month
Epidermis, every 1~2 year carry out Nutrition Soil regeneration.
Comparative example 1
Prepare Nutrition Soil, parts by weight composition are as follows: by 7 parts of calcareous fertilisers, 3 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 0.8 part of urea, 8 parts of potash fertilizer, 5 parts of bone meal,
15 parts of albumen powder, 6 parts of plant ash, 30 parts of dry pond sludge.
Aforementioned proportion raw material is produced into pulverized particles, using granulating technique, temperature maintains 50-60 degrees Celsius, with small water
The granulation water of flow is as adjuvant, and by above-mentioned raw materials, uniform investment wherein, is sufficiently stirred, is dried by way of high temperature,
Until being completely dried, finished product is made.
Comparative example 2
Prepare Nutrition Soil, parts by weight composition are as follows: 20 parts of peat, 5 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of coco bran, 5 parts of rotten mosses ash, red beautiful soil 10
Part, 7 parts of medical stone, 7 parts of river sand, 3 parts of zeolite, 3 parts of diatomite, 0.1 part of carbendazim.
Below with reference to comparative experiments, the present invention is furture elucidated, utilizes the nutrition in Nutrition Soil and comparative example of the invention
Soil cultivates succulent respectively, and selected succulent head volume is close, and the cultivation time is identical, divides under field conditions (factors)
Pei Yu not be 6 months, as a result it see the table below.
As shown in Table 1, compared to control group, succulent is cultivated using the Nutrition Soil that Examples 1 to 4 provides, fleshiness is planted
Object is compared with comparative example 1 throughout the growing season all growing fine, and hardened phenomenon will not occur for Nutrition Soil of the invention, remove from
The process of artificial loose soil, can give one excellent growing environment of succulent.It compares with comparative example 2, makes in comparative example 2
Although hardened phenomenon will not occur for Nutrition Soil, since thermal and insulating performance is poor, succulent slow growth does not apply battalion
When nutrient solution, it may occur that aetiolation.In the present invention, the nutrient solution that is used cooperatively include nutrition needed for succulent growth at
Point, protecting leaf yellowing.In addition, addition radix scutellariae Essence and cordate houttuynia Essence can be effectively antibacterial, the disease-resistant of succulent is improved
Insect pest ability.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of Nutrition Soil of succulent cultivation, parts by weight composition are as follows:
20 ~ 40 parts of air entrained concrete ball；
10 ~ 25 parts of bamboo charcoal grain；
Celestial 20 ~ 50 parts of soil；
Red beautiful 5 ~ 20 parts of soil；
5 ~ 15 parts of medical stone；
5 ~ 15 parts of rice hull carbon；
The air entrained concrete bulb diameter is 3 ~ 10mm.
2. the Nutrition Soil of succulent according to claim 1 cultivation, which is characterized in that the bamboo charcoal grain diameter is 3 ~
15mm。
3. a kind of method for carrying out succulent cultivation using the described in any item Nutrition Soils of claim 1 ~ 2, comprising:
(1) Nutrition Soil is prepared, and succulent kind is entered in the Nutrition Soil；
(2) nutrient solution is prepared, nutrient solution is periodically sprayed to the epidermis of Nutrition Soil surface layer and succulent；
The composition of every liter of nutrient solution are as follows: 200 ~ 400mg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 50 ~ 150mg of magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate 50 ~
150mg, 500 ~ 700mg of potassium nitrate, 5 ~ 25g of radix scutellariae Essence and cordate houttuynia 2 ~ 25g of Essence, remaining is deionized water；
(3) regeneration of Nutrition Soil is carried out within every 1 ~ 2 year.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the aerating in the Nutrition Soil is mixed when planting succulent
Solidifying soil ball is laid on the bottom, and bamboo charcoal grain is laid on top, remaining component is measured according to the ratio is laid on middle layer after mixing.
5. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the preparation method of the radix scutellariae Essence specifically: be added
The ethyl alcohol for being 95% relative to 3 ~ 4 times of radix scutellariae quality of determining alcohols, is heated to reflux 2 ~ 3 hours, filters, and filter residue is added relatively again
The ethyl alcohol for being 95% in 2 ~ 3 times of filter residue quality of determining alcohols, is heated to reflux 2 ~ 3 hours, filters, and filtered fluid merges, and removes ethyl alcohol,
Radix scutellariae Essence is made after concentration.
6. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the preparation method of the cordate houttuynia Essence specifically: add
Enter the ethyl alcohol for being 95% relative to 3 ~ 4 times of cordate houttuynia quality of determining alcohol, is heated to reflux 2 ~ 3 hours, filters, filter residue is added again
The ethyl alcohol for being 95% relative to 2 ~ 3 times of filter residue quality of determining alcohols, is heated to reflux 2 ~ 3 hours, filters, and filtered fluid merges, and removes second
Cordate houttuynia Essence is made in alcohol after concentration.
7. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the regeneration method of the Nutrition Soil are as follows: Nutrition Soil to be layered on
On masking foil, shine 3 ~ 6 hours in the sun, sprinkling 5 ~ 10mL nutrient solution according to the actual amount of Nutrition Soil can reuse.
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| CN111387013A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-07-10 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Ornamental succulent plant color culture medium and preparation method and application thereof |
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| JP2003102262A (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-08 | Space Creation:Kk | Medium for nutriculture |
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