CN105896259B - Q-switch Nd:YAG laser pulse width narrows technology - Google Patents
Q-switch Nd:YAG laser pulse width narrows technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN105896259B CN105896259B CN201410718828.0A CN201410718828A CN105896259B CN 105896259 B CN105896259 B CN 105896259B CN 201410718828 A CN201410718828 A CN 201410718828A CN 105896259 B CN105896259 B CN 105896259B
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Abstract
The invention patent relates to a kind of Q-switch Nd:YAG laser pulses to narrow technology.Its core are as follows: 1. increase a wave plate of λ/4 and a total reflection mirror in common Q switch Nd:YAG laser output.All polarised lights that the total reflection mirror returns, outside polarizer output cavity.Oscillator is during energy storage, the total reflection mirror of additional total reflection mirror and oscillator stage not coelosis, does not change laser oscillation grade and realizes high energy storage.And after Q-switch opening, the output of oscillator stage is all fed back, rapidly evacuates the energy storage in oscillator stage laser bar to narrow pulsewidth.2. utilizing the saturable absorption performance of Cr4+:YAG twice, isolator is used as during energy storage.When there is laser output, pulsewidth is narrowed as peak clipper.3. expanding membrane volume under conditions of short cavity is long, while reducing beam angle using concave-convex thermal stable cavity in oscillator stage.It is expanded when polarizing feedback, further narrows beam angle, while making full use of the energy storage in oscillator stage laser bar, improve efficiency.4. by adding pressure type move back pressure in the way of overcome the Stress resort of electro-optical Q-switch, obtain maximum output.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to compression technology of a laser pulse, and very big laser energy was compressed in the extremely short burst length by it,
To obtain high pulse peak power.
Background technique
2012, the U.S. released Medlite C6 laser cosmetic instrument, returned black problem after solving chloasma treatment substantially.
Its key technology realizes flat cap output first is that output pulse width 5ns after output beam is homogenized.But 1,200,000 yuan at that time of every price
RMB.For the production domesticization for realizing advanced medical beauty appliance, the dependence to external high price apparatus is got rid of, is touched into the present invention.
Narrowing the method for Q-switch laser pulse width at present includes: that 1. shortening chambers are long, and 2. improve polarizer and Pockers cell composition
Electrooptical switching extinction ratio, increase laser bar in energy storage.3. increasing the reflectivity of outgoing mirror, reduce laser after switch is opened
The number of oscillation.In the Nd:YAG electro-optical Q-switch technology commonly used, obtainable laser pulse width is generally in 8-10ns.
It is a it is other do not use special measure to 6-7ns., further narrowed pulse width can not.Because shortening chamber length must protect
Card can be put down laser bar (Nd:YA6) intracavitary, electrooptical switching (polarizer and Pockers cell), cavity mirror etc. these
Essential element.The only laser bar that can be uniquely further decreased in these devices.But laser bar is too short, necessarily reduces
The output energy of laser pulse.The extinction ratio for improving switch is also limited even with inlet member.Improve the anti-of outgoing mirror
The rate of penetrating is worthless, because this can reduce the energy storage in laser bar.Actually some has only had R=4%. to use a flat glass
Glass plate inner surface is anti-reflection, and reflecting mirror is made in outer surface.5ns or less is obtained with common electro-optical Q-switch it can be seen from above-mentioned reason
Laser pulse width be impossible.Pulsewidth can be pressed onto using cavity dumping or the intracavitary method cut by 5ns or less.But must have
Rising front and synchronization accuracy are in 1ns hereinafter, pressure resistance is greater than the electrical switch element of 5000V.This need to specially be developed is avenged using high speed
Collapse diode or the concatenated switch of mode pipe.And these technologies greatly reduce the power extraction efficiency of laser.Also inevitable
The complexity and cost of increase system.
Summary of the invention
In view of the drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention is proposed.The present invention provides a kind of new technologies of Laser pulse compression, no
Pulsewidth only is narrowed, while light beam can be made to expand, beam angle reduces, and increases laser energy.
The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
Q-switch Nd:YAG laser pulse narrows method, using Q-switch Nd:YAG laser, it is characterised in that: being will be existing
Laser is changed to laser from the output of outgoing mirror and is reflected back polarizer from polarization output total reflection mirror, then is exported by polarizer.
Present device is simple, and effectively pulse width can be compressed to less than 2ns.The present invention is economical and practical, in laser
Medical treatment, laser processing and laser ranging, the military fields such as laser wind tunnel particle velocity measure (PIV technology) can have widely
Using.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1: the Nd:YAG Electrooptic Q schematic diagram of common polarization feedback output
1-1: oscillator stage total reflection mirror 1-2: oscillator stage limits mould light bar
1-3:KD*P Pockers cell 1-4: polarizer
1-5: oscillator stage Nd:YAG stick 1-6: oscillator stage outgoing mirror
1-7: λ/4 wave plate 1-8: polarization output total reflection mirror
Fig. 2: expanding with concave-convex thermal insensitive cavity and polarization feedback and the Nd:YAG electro-optical Q-switch laser of Cr4+ isolation and slicing
Device schematic diagram
2-1: oscillator stage convex surface total reflection mirror 2-2: oscillator stage limits film light bar (light bar bore dia 0.5-3.0mm)
2-3:KD*P Pockers cell, 2-4: polarizer
2-5: oscillator stage Nd:YAG stick
2-6: oscillator stage plano-convex outgoing mirror (plates 1064nm anti-reflection film, plane is to outside chamber, no film, R=to intracavitary in convex surface
4%)
2-7:Cr4+:YAG saturable absorber, the wave plate of 2-8:1064nm λ/4,
2-9: polarization output convex surface total reflection mirror.2-10. folding total reflection mirror
2-11.Cr4+:YAG saturable absorber.2-12. amplifying stage Nd:YAG stick
2-13. moves KTP frequency-doubling crystal, it can be achieved that 1.064,0.53 microns of twin wavelength laser outputs
Fig. 3: Q-switch adding pressure type moves back volt circuit
One termination electrode of Pockers cell connects the adjustable DC high pressure (0-4500V) of Laser Power Devices, and another termination electrode connection is high
The secondary of pulse transformer is pressed, the secondary coil other end is through a resistance eutral grounding.The primary input 280- of high voltage pulse transformer
400V adjustable delay pulse, the pulsion phase is to xenon lamp trigger pulse delay about 100-150 microsecond.Its impulse amplitude should make Q-switch
It is maximum to export energy.
Specific embodiment
Narrow technology to Q-switch Nd:YAG laser pulse width of the present invention referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 3 to elaborate: the present invention is
A technique for laser pulse width is narrowed using by the method that polarizer exports.Shown in FIG. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of embodiment one.
In Fig. 1, the present invention is identical with existing laser to be: including the total reflection mirror 1-1 successively formed, mould light bar 1-2 is limited, it is general
Kerr cell 1-3, polarizer 1-4, Nd:YAG laser bar 1-5 and outgoing mirror 1-6.The reflectivity R=4%. of the outgoing mirror of laser
Be conducive to the energy storage in laser bar 1-5 in this way.But this will increase is opened by the Q-switch that Pockers cell 1-3 and polarizer 1-4 are formed
The number vibrated in back cavity, to increase pulsewidth.The present invention is that existing laser is changed to laser from inclined from the output of outgoing mirror 1-6
Vibration output total reflection mirror 1-8 is reflected back polarizer 1-4, then is exported by polarizer 1-4.Its structure is: adding one after outgoing mirror 1-6
An only polarization output total reflection mirror 1-8 and wave plate 1-7 of 1064nm λ/4, polarization output total reflection mirror 1-8 can be by the defeated of oscillator stage
It all is reflected back polarizer 1-4 out, the energy storage in 1-5 is evacuated rapidly when by Nd:YAG laser bar, makes to vibrate rapid knot
Beam.Its polarization direction is rotated by 90 ° the light beam of return after the wave plate of λ/4 1-7 twice back and forth, can be coupled out outside chamber from polarizer 1-4.
This is equivalent under conditions of not reducing Nd:YAG laser bar 1-5 energy storage, and the outgoing mirror 1-6 reflectivity of common oscillator stage is become
It is 100%.After opening Q-switch, energy storage in laser bar 1-5 is evacuated rapidly.Output pulse is narrowed.Oscillator of the present invention exists
During energy storage, the total reflection mirror of additional total reflection mirror and oscillator stage not coelosis does not change the vibration of common Q switch Nd:YAG laser
It swings grade and realizes high energy storage, and after Q-switch opening, the output of oscillator stage is all fed back, rapidly by oscillator stage laser bar
Interior energy storage is evacuated to narrow pulsewidth.Meanwhile this structure also corresponds to not only regard oscillator stage Nd:YAG stick as oscillating rod but also conduct
Amplify stick.Realize the maximization of extraction efficiency.
Shown in Fig. 2 is the structure of the embodiment of the present invention two.On the basis of its structure shown in Fig. 1, laser beam can be made
Expand and increases laser energy.Referring to fig. 2, the present invention limits film light bar 2-2, Pockers cell 2-3 by convex surface total reflection mirror 2-1,
Polarizer 2-4, oscillator stage Nd:YAG stick 2-5, plano-convex outgoing mirror 2-6, oscillator stage Cr4+:YAG saturable absorber 2-7,
The wave plate 2-8 of 1064nm λ/4, polarization output convex surface total reflection mirror 2-9 form oscillator stage；By folding total reflection mirror 2-10, amplifying stage
Cr4+:YAG saturable absorber 2-11, amplifying stage Nd:YAG stick 2-12 move KTP frequency-doubling crystal 2-13 and form amplifying stage；
The output of oscillator stage, through plano-convex outgoing mirror 2-6, is all reflected back polarizer 2- by polarization output convex surface total reflection mirror 2-9 by laser
4, it is coupled out outside chamber from polarizer 2-4, into amplifying stage, laser is finally by removable KTP frequency-doubling crystal 2-13 output.
The inventive point of this embodiment two is:
1, oscillator stage (is exported by oscillator stage convex surface total reflection mirror 2-1 and oscillator stage plano-convex using concave and convex lenses thermal stable cavity
The oscillator stage resonant cavity of mirror 2-6 composition), under conditions of short cavity is long, increase membrane volume as far as possible is intracavitary added with limit film aperture,
Geometry (uses Φ 7x100mmNd:YAG stick) under conditions of allowing, and shortening chamber as far as possible is long (350 ± 50mm).
To guarantee that output facula~4mm, beam divergence angle 2mr, limit film light bar 2-2 aperture are chosen as 3mm or so.Light bar hole
Diameter can be further reduced to 0.5mm, to can get single transverse mode work, can accomplish beam angle < 0.5mr.
2, oscillator stage outgoing mirror 2-6 uses planoconvex lens, and 1064nm anti-reflection film is plated, plane is to outside chamber, nothing to intracavitary in convex surface
Film is exported using the reflectivity of R=4% as oscillator stage.It is equivalent to a concave mirror.And the light for being returned after polarization reversion
Beam, it is equivalent to a convergent lens.
3, total reflection mirror 2-9 in convex surface is exported using polarization.Its radius of curvature and at a distance from plano-convex outgoing mirror 2-6, makes
It collectively forms a beam expanding telescope with plano-convex outgoing mirror 2-6.The output facula of oscillator stage is expanded as into oscillator stage Nd:YAG
The diameter (Φ 7) of laser bar 2-5, and beam angle is compressed to 2mr or so simultaneously.In the case where not increasing any optical element
The double compressions for realizing pulsewidth and beam angle are another feature of the present invention.Light beam after feeding back and expanding is collimated light beam, all
Full of oscillator stage Nd:YAG laser bar 2-5, realize that extraction efficiency maximizes.
4, between polarization exports convex surface total reflection mirror 2-9 and oscillator stage outgoing mirror 2-6, and after oscillator stage polarization output
Folding total reflection mirror 2-10 and additional amplifying stage Nd:YAG laser bar 2-12 between, respectively plus the suitable oscillator stage of a transmitance
Cr4+:YAG saturable absorber 2-7 and amplifying stage Cr4+:YAG saturable absorber 2-11.Because increasing before oscillator stage inclined
Vibration output total reflection mirror 2-9 after, in the Q-switch down periods being made of Pockers cell 2-3 and polarizer 2-4, Nd:YAG from
Hair radiation can enter oscillator stage total reflection mirror 2-1 because of the thermal stress depolarization of Nd:YAG stick with the superfluorescence along axis, thus significantly
Reduce energy storage.After Cr4+:YAG is added, due to its strong absorption, it is isolated spontaneous radiation.Simultaneously after Q-switch opening,
The start-up portion of the output pulse front edge of oscillator stage, is absorbed and bleached by Cr4+:YAG.Aft section passes through.Therefore two pieces
Cr4+:YAG saturable absorber plays a dual role of that spontaneous radiation and automatic sharpening wave pressure narrow spaces are isolated twice.
In the present embodiment, wave plate 2-8 is λ/4 1064nm；Removable KTP frequency-doubling crystal 2-13 can realize 1.064, and 0.53 is micro-
Rice twin wavelength laser output.
Shown in Fig. 3, Q-switch of the invention moves back pressure type circuit using moment pressurization:
Pockers cell 1-3 connects the adjustable DC high pressure (0-4500V) of Laser Power Devices, other end electricity with mono- termination electrode of 2-3
Pole connects the secondary of high voltage pulse transformer, and the secondary coil other end is through a resistance eutral grounding.The primary of high voltage pulse transformer is defeated
Enter 280-400V adjustable delay pulse, the pulsion phase is to xenon lamp trigger pulse delay about 100-150 microsecond.Its impulse amplitude should make
It is maximum that Q-switch exports energy.In addition the present invention is completely independent of high speed and high pressure electrical switch element, the pulse transformer used its
Rising front does not influence to obtain 2ns laser pulse width in 25-40ns.Under conditions of oscillator stage chamber a length of 350mm, this technology
The pulsewidth less than 2ns is obtained, energy is exported after amplification and is greater than 500mj.
The pulse transformer that the present invention shown in Fig. 3 uses is that widely used triggering box, primary are defeated currently on the market
It is adjustable in 280-400V to enter voltage control.Secondary voltage is up to 5000V.
In electro-optical Q-switch, light is the optical axis along KD*P.KD*P is uniaxial crystal when voltage is not added, and is passed along optical axis
Broadcast effect free of birefringence.After adding the voltage of λ/4, KD*P becomes biaxial crystal, optical axis direction originally just generate it is birefringent, to make
90 ° of rotations occur back and forth for the polarization direction of light.After this illustrates making alive, the atomic arrangement in KD*P is displaced.Thus
Stress is produced in crystal.This stress will not strip rapidly after voltage stripping as electrooptic effect.This beats in Q-switch
Laser after opening is established and laser output causes to be lost in the process.The referred to as Stress resort of electrooptic effect.The present invention is to overcome this
Effect, the voltage for generating pulse transformer are greater than the high pressure that another pole adds, i.e., moment adds while moving back pressure on Pockers cell
With backward voltage appropriate, to overcome the loss as caused by Stress resort.It is demonstrated experimentally that~10% output can be improved
Energy.In addition, Q-switch is actually to move back pressure type in the present invention, i.e., high direct voltage is added in always on general Cole's box, long-term work pair
Adjusting Q crystal is unfavorable.Change the method that Timing Signal directly triggers flashlamp discharge thus, but is initially used for generating and adjusts Q high pressure.Through
Lighting again after the delay of about 1ms.Q delay is adjusted again, and the voltage on Pockers cell is stripped by pressuring method.When laser pulse is defeated
After out, the shutdown of crystal high pressure.Therefore Q-switch mode of the invention be properly termed as instantaneous adding pressure type move back pressure type.Do so one action three
?.First is that being conducive to overcome the Stress resort of general Cole's box, laser delivery efficiency is improved: second is that it is necessary to save conventional pressurized formula
The wave plate of λ/4；Third is that instantaneous pressurization overcomes defect brought by long-term pressurize.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of Q-switch Nd:YAG laser pulse width narrows method, using Q-switch Nd:YAG laser, it is characterised in that: laser from
Polarization output total reflection mirror is reflected back polarizer, then is exported by polarizer；
The structure of the Q-switch Nd:YAG laser includes: to limit film light bar, Pockers cell, polarization by convex surface total reflection mirror
Device, oscillator stage Nd:YAG stick, plano-convex outgoing mirror, oscillator stage Cr4+:YAG saturable absorber, the wave plate of λ/4, polarization output convex surface
Total reflection mirror forms oscillator stage；By folding total reflection mirror, amplifying stage Cr4+:YAG saturable absorber, amplifying stage Nd:YAG stick,
Removable KTP frequency-doubling crystal forms amplifying stage；Laser is defeated by oscillator stage through plano-convex outgoing mirror by polarization output convex surface total reflection mirror
It all is reflected back polarizer out, is coupled out outside chamber from polarizer, into amplifying stage, laser is finally by moving KTP frequency-doubling crystal
Output.
2. according to claim 1 narrow method, it is characterised in that: the light bar bore dia of limit film light bar is 0.5-3.0mm,
It can accomplish beam angle < 0.5mr.
3. according to claim 1 narrow method, it is characterised in that: the oscillator stage that oscillator stage output uses exports plano-convex
Anti-reflection film is plated to intracavitary in mirror, convex surface；Plane is to outside chamber, no film, is exported using the reflectivity of R=4% as oscillator stage.
4. according to claim 1 narrow method, it is characterised in that: polarization output convex surface total reflection mirror, its curvature half
Diameter and at a distance from plano-convex outgoing mirror, makes it collectively form a beam expanding telescope with plano-convex outgoing mirror；After feedback expands
Light beam is collimated light beam, is completely filled with oscillator stage Nd:YAG laser bar, realizes that extraction efficiency maximizes.
5. according to claim 1 or 3 narrow method, it is characterised in that: oscillator stage convex surface total reflection mirror and oscillator stage are defeated
350 ± 50mm of oscillator stage cavity length of the resonator chamber of planoconvex lens composition out.
6. according to claim 1 or 4 narrow method, it is characterised in that: in polarization output convex surface total reflection mirror and oscillation
Between grade outgoing mirror, and between the amplifying stage Nd:YAG laser bar for folding total reflection mirror and adding outside after oscillator stage polarization output,
Respectively plus the suitable oscillator stage Cr4+:YAG saturable absorber of a transmitance and amplifying stage Cr4+:YAG saturable absorber；?
The Q-switch down periods being made of Pockers cell and polarizer, spontaneous radiation can be because of Nd:YAG sticks with the superfluorescence along axis
Thermal stress depolarization enters oscillator stage total reflection mirror；After Cr4+:YAG is added, due to its strong absorption, make spontaneous radiation by every
From；Simultaneously after Q-switch opening, the start-up portion of the output pulse front edge of oscillator stage is absorbed and bleached by Cr4+:YAG, behind
Part passes through；Two pieces of Cr4+:YAG saturable absorbers play isolation spontaneous radiation and automatic sharpening wave pressure narrow spaces twice
Double action.
7. according to claim 6 narrow method, it is characterised in that: the driving method of the Q-switch is instantaneous pressurization
Formula moves back pressure type, can overcome the Stress resort of electro-optic crystal, mention high power output, saves necessary 1/4 wave of conventional pressurized formula
Piece, while Pockers cell being overcome to pressurize for a long time the damage to crystal.
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| CN108718029A (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-10-30 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of pulse width programs controllable solid laser device |
| CN108767639B (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2020-01-07 | 吉林省科英激光股份有限公司 | Laser capable of outputting single longitudinal mode laser beam and light emitting control method thereof |
| CN108683070A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-10-19 | 中国计量科学研究院 | A kind of ultrafast laser generator |
| CN111106513B (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2022-05-24 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | Narrow nanosecond initiative Q-switched fiber laser |
| CN111211475A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-29 | 合肥脉锐光电技术有限公司 | Bidirectional pulse optical fiber amplifier |
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