CN105854543B - A kind of device and method of cooperative achievement fired power generating unit energy storage peak shaving and carbon capture - Google Patents
A kind of device and method of cooperative achievement fired power generating unit energy storage peak shaving and carbon capture Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Substances [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001669 calcium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011278 co-treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005262 decarbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000887 hydrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/81—Solid phase processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/006—Layout of treatment plant
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
- B01D2251/404—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of calcium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2251/602—Oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/32—Direct CO2 mitigation
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of device and method of cooperative achievement fired power generating unit energy storage peak shaving and carbon capture, and the device includes electricity generation boiler (1), calcining furnace (2), carbonating stove (3), hydration reactor (4), CaO storage tanks (5), CaCO3Storage tank (6), heat exchanger (7), compressor (8), combustion type heater (9) and the first one-way control valve (21), the second one-way control valve (22), the 3rd one-way control valve (23), the 4th one-way control valve four (31), the 5th one-way control valve (32), the 6th one-way control valve (33)；Wherein, the furnace outlet of electricity generation boiler (1) is connected with the bottom high-temperature flue gas entry of calcining furnace (2), for high-temperature flue gas caused by electricity generation boiler (1) to be passed through in calcining furnace (2), there is provided calcining institute calorific requirement.The present invention plays the function of carbon trapping power plant self energy storage peak shaving, the problem of alleviating traditional fired power generating unit peak regulation difficulty.
Description
Technical Field
The invention utilizes calcium to capture CO circularly2The technology is applied to power plant peak regulation as an energy storage means, and belongs to the cross field of energy technology and environmental protection technology.
Background
With the rapid development of national economy and the gradual improvement of the living standard of people, the electricity utilization structure and characteristics of China are greatly changed, the daily load rate and the annual utilization hours of power generation equipment tend to decrease year by year, the demand on peak regulation capacity increases year by year, and the peak regulation contradiction is more and more prominent. Most power grids in China still mainly use thermal power generating units, the proportion of water, electricity, wind and nuclear power is still small, and the power grids have obvious resource distribution unevenness, so that the requirement for the thermal power generating units to participate in peak regulation is a necessary trend, however, frequent starting and stopping of the thermal power generating units or peak regulation in low-load operation seriously affects the health level and economic performance of the thermal power generating units, the service life of power generating equipment is shortened, and a safer and more economical thermal power generating unit peak regulation method is researched, so that the method is important and urgent.
In recent years, CO2The global warming caused by the emission of a large amount of greenhouse gases, which causes the wide attention of the international society and the emission reduction of CO2Has become a core strategy and important consensus for responding climate change and realizing sustainable development in the world. As the countries with the largest global carbon emission, China faces a great emission reduction pressure. The thermal power generation industry of China is the largest CO in national economy2The emission source is based on the energy structure mainly based on coal in China and the power structure mainly based on thermal power generation, the carbon capture power plant is vigorously developed, and the method has great practical significance. The carbon capture power plant is characterized in that a carbon capture system is introduced on the basis of the traditional power plant power generation equipment, and CO is utilized2The capture and sequestration technology (namely CCS technology) ensures that the power plant has the function of capturing CO2The function of (c). The process flow mainly comprises the following steps: the calcium-based absorbent firstly enters a calcination reactor to be decomposed into CaO and CO2And CO in flue gas2The concentration reaches more than 95 percent, and the catalyst can be directly recycled; the generated CaO enters a carbonating reactor to capture CO in the flue gas2And CO in flue gas2The concentration is reduced to below 5 percent, and the generated CaCO3Returning to the calcining reactor for calcining reaction. The reaction is circulated, fresh calcium-based absorbent is supplemented timely, and partially deactivated absorbent is discharged timely to realize continuous operation of the whole system. The carbonation reaction in the process is exothermic and the calcination reaction is endothermic. There is storage and release of energy. CO capture in power plant operation2A large amount of energy needs to be consumed, and the peak self-regulation function of the power plant can be realized by reasonably distributing the part of the trapping energy, which has important significance for the safe operation of the power grid.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: objects of the inventionThe device and the method for realizing the energy storage peak regulation and the carbon capture of the thermal power generating unit cooperatively are provided, the calcium absorbent is used as an energy storage medium, the condition of large load change during the peak regulation of the conventional thermal power plant is relieved, and the CO can be realized2The trapping and the reduction of the emission of greenhouse gases.
The invention content is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a device for realizing energy storage peak regulation and carbon capture of a thermal power generating unit in a synergistic manner, which comprises a power generation boiler, a calcining furnace, a carbonating furnace, a hydration reactor, a CaO storage tank and CaCO3The device comprises a storage tank, a heat exchanger, a compressor, a combustion type heater, a first one-way control valve, a second one-way control valve, a third one-way control valve, a fourth one-way control valve, a fifth one-way control valve and a sixth one-way control valve; wherein,
the hearth outlet of the power generation boiler is connected with the bottom high-temperature flue gas inlet of the calcining furnace and is used for introducing high-temperature flue gas generated by the power generation boiler into the calcining furnace;
the flue gas outlet at the upper part of the calcining furnace is connected with the untreated flue gas inlet of the carbonating furnace, and the upper part of the flue gas outlet is connected with the upper part of the CO2CO of gas outlet and heat exchanger2CO from gas inlet and gas outlet of heat exchanger2The gas enters a compressor and is compressed and then stored; a CaO material outlet at the bottom of the calcining furnace is connected with a material inlet of the CaO storage tank, and a material outlet of the CaO storage tank is connected with a CaO material inlet of the carbonating furnace;
the flue gas inlet at the bottom of the carbonating furnace receives the flue gas which is not decarbonized and is output from the flue gas outlet of the boiler and the flue gas outlet at the upper part of the calcining furnace; the superheated steam at the upper steam outlet enters a steam turbine to be flushed and rotated for power generation; the calcium carbonate material outlet at the lower part, the material inlet of the CaO storage tank and CaCO of the calcining furnace3The material inlets are connected; the CaO material inlet at the lower part is connected with a CaO material outlet of the calcining furnace and a material outlet of the CaO storage tank;
a first one-way control valve, a second one-way control valve and a third one-way control valve are respectively arranged between a CaO material outlet of the calciner and a material inlet of the CaO storage tank, between a CaO material outlet of the calciner and a CaO material inlet of the carbonator, and between a material outlet of the CaO storage tank and a CaO material inlet of the carbonator;
CaCO of carbonating furnace3Material outlet and CaCO3CaCO of carbonating furnace between material inlets of storage tanks3CaCO of material outlet and calcining furnace3Between the material inlets and CaCO3CaCO of material outlet and calcining furnace of storage tank3A fourth one-way control valve, a fifth one-way control valve and a sixth one-way control valve are respectively arranged between the material inlets;
the inactivated CaO discharge port of the calciner is connected with the material inlet of the hydration reactor, and Ca (OH) of the hydration reactor2The material outlet is connected with the material inlet of the calcining furnace.
The combustion heater is provided with CH4And the upper high-temperature flue gas outlet is connected with the bottom high-temperature flue gas inlet of the calcining furnace.
The invention also provides a method for realizing energy storage peak regulation and carbon capture of the thermal power generating unit in a synergistic manner, which comprises the following main steps:
step one, heating a part of high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion of a power generation boiler to feed water, enabling the high-temperature flue gas to enter a common steam-water system for direct power generation, and enabling a part of the high-temperature flue gas to enter a calcining furnace for providing part of energy required by cyclic calcination of a calcium-based absorbent; the main component of the calcium-based absorbent is CaCO3
Step two, the calcium-based absorbent enters a calcining furnace, indirectly exchanges heat with high-temperature flue gas, and is calcined and decomposed at 900-950 ℃ to generate CaO;
step three, the calcined calcium-based absorbent enters a carbonating furnace, is mixed with the flue gas from the tail flue and the calciner without decarbonization treatment, and is subjected to CO treatment at the temperature of 650-700 DEG C2The large amount of heat energy released by the reaction is used for heating water vapor to enter a steam-water systemPower generation, and energy recovery is realized; the calcium-based absorbent mainly contains CaO;
step four, in the electricity consumption valley stage, under the condition of ensuring the power output of the power generation boiler to be stable and unchanged, the excessive high-temperature flue gas is used for calcining excessive CaCO according to the actual electricity consumption3The generated excess part of the CaO except the part entering the carbonating furnace for reaction is sent into a CaO storage tank for storage and standby, and one-way control valves, namely a second valve, a first valve and a third valve are respectively arranged between the calcinator and the carbonating furnace, between the calcinator and the CaO storage tank and between the CaO storage tank and the carbonating furnace to control the flow direction of the CaO;
during the electricity consumption peak period, CaO in the CaO storage tank is sent into a carbonating furnace to capture CO2CaCO produced3Feeding CaCO3Stored in storage tanks for later use, also between carbonators and calciners, carbonators and CaCO3Between storage tanks and CaCO3One-way control valves, namely a fifth valve, a fourth valve and a sixth valve are respectively arranged between the storage tank and the calcining furnace to control CaCO3The flow direction of the flue gas reduces or stops the operation of the calcining furnace, and more high-temperature flue gas is used for heating water vapor to directly generate electricity, so that more electric energy is generated to meet the electricity demand;
step five, regenerating the inactivated calcium-based absorbent after multiple reactions by water and a reactor, then re-entering a calcining furnace for recycling, and periodically supplementing fresh CaCO3。
Preferably, the high-temperature flue gas entering the calcining furnace in the step one has a flue gas temperature of 1100-1200 ℃ and an extraction position near the outlet of the hearth.
Preferably, the calcium-based absorbent in the second step is CaCO3Or as CaCO3Natural minerals or wastes as main components; the heating surface is arranged in the carbonating furnace, so that a large amount of heat energy released by the carbonating reaction is absorbed, and the water vapor is heated for generating power.
Preferably, the calcining furnace adopts a double-tube furnace device, and high-temperature flue gas enters the furnace from the lower partThe calcium-based absorbent enters the pipe from the upper part and performs indirect countercurrent heat exchange with high-temperature flue gas, thereby realizing higher reaction rate and obtaining high-concentration CO2Gas, high temperature CO coming out of the top of the calciner2After the gas passes through the heat exchanger to recover heat, the gas enters a compressor to be compressed and stored.
Preferably, the carbonation furnace in the third step is a fluidized bed boiler, and flue gas is used as fluidizing air, or other boilers.
Preferably, the one-way control valve is an electric valve or a pneumatic sealing return valve.
Preferably, CaO storage tank and CaCO3The materials in the storage tank are conveyed into the carbonator and the calciner through pneumatic conveying or mechanical conveying.
Preferably, the check valves arranged in the fourth and fifth steps control the flow direction of the calcium-based absorbent, and linkage relations exist among the valves.
Preferably, the specific switching states of the valves in the fourth and fifth steps are that only the second valve and the fifth valve of the valve are normally opened and work at the same time during off-peak power utilization period; in the electricity consumption valley stage, the first valve and the sixth valve are opened simultaneously to calcine excessive CaCO3The purpose of storing energy; and in the peak electricity utilization stage, the first valve and the sixth valve are closed, the third valve and the fourth valve are opened at the same time, and the second valve and the fifth valve of the valves are closed or reduced, so that the CaO in the storage tank enters the carbonating furnace for reaction and the energy is released.
Preferably, the hydration medium used in the process of hydrating and regenerating the deactivated calcium-based absorbent in the sixth step is the last stage air exhaust from the low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine.
Has the advantages that:
1. the characteristics of energy storage and release of a carbon capture system in nature are fully utilized, the self-peak regulation function of a carbon capture power plant is exerted, and the problem that the conventional thermal power generating unit is difficult to regulate peaks is solved;
2. the utility boiler can run at rated load for a long time and can realize high-efficiency CO capture2The best operation economy is ensured;
3. the limitation of peak shaving of hydroelectric power and wind power generation units caused by uneven resource distribution is broken through, and the possibility of the thermal power generation units participating in the peak shaving is provided. The peak regulation share of fuel oil and gas power stations is reduced, and the economy is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the present invention.
The device mainly comprises: power generation boiler 1, calcining furnace 2, carbonating furnace 3, hydration reactor 4, CaO storage tank 5, CaCO3The system comprises a storage tank 6, a heat exchanger 7, a compressor 8, a combustion heater 9, a first one-way control valve 21, a second one-way control valve 22, a third one-way control valve 23, a fourth one-way control valve four 31, a fifth one-way control valve 32 and a sixth one-way control valve 33.
Detailed Description
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The following examples are not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by means of equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation are within the scope of the present invention.
In the invention, a part of high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion of a power station boiler heats feed water and enters conventional steam cycle power generation; one part of the calcium-based absorbent enters a calcining furnace to calcine the calcium-based absorbent; the calcium-based absorbent enters a calcining furnace, indirectly exchanges heat with high-temperature flue gas, and is calcined and decomposed at 900-950 ℃; the decomposed calcium-based absorbent is sent into a carbonating furnace to be contacted with untreated low-temperature flue gas, and the carbonating reaction is carried out at the temperature of 650-700 ℃; in the low-ebb stage of power consumption, excessive high-temperature flue gas is used for calcining according to actual power consumptionBurning excess CaCO3The generated excess part except the reaction part of the CaO entering the carbonating furnace is sent into a storage tank for storage and standby; during the peak period of electricity consumption, CaO in a storage tank is sent into a carbonating furnace to capture CO2Excess CaCO formed3The calcium-based absorbent is sent into a storage tank for storage and standby, the movement direction of the calcium-based absorbent is controlled through a one-way valve, the load is reduced or the calcining furnace is stopped to operate, more high-temperature flue gas is used for heating water vapor to directly generate electricity, and therefore energy storage peak regulation power generation and CO power generation of a power plant are realized simultaneously2The effect of the capture; the calcium-based absorbent inactivated after multiple reactions enters the water and the reactor for regeneration, then enters the calcining furnace again for cyclic utilization, and fresh CaCO is supplemented at regular time3。
The invention provides a device for realizing energy storage peak regulation and carbon capture of a thermal power generating unit in a synergistic manner, which comprises a power generation boiler 1, a calcining furnace 2, a carbonating furnace 3, a hydration reactor 4, a CaO storage tank 5 and CaCO3The system comprises a storage tank 6, a heat exchanger 7, a compressor 8, a combustion heater 9, a first one-way control valve 21, a second one-way control valve 22, a third one-way control valve 23, a fourth one-way control valve 31, a fifth one-way control valve 32 and a sixth one-way control valve 33; wherein,
a hearth outlet of the power generation boiler 1 is connected with a high-temperature flue gas inlet at the bottom of the calcining furnace 2 and is used for introducing high-temperature flue gas generated by the power generation boiler 1 into the calcining furnace 2;
the flue gas outlet at the upper part of the calcining furnace 2 is connected with the untreated flue gas inlet of the carbonator 3, and the upper part is CO2CO of gas outlet and heat exchanger 72CO from gas inlet of heat exchanger 72The gas enters a compressor 8 and is compressed and then stored; a CaO material outlet at the bottom of the calcining furnace 2 is connected with a material inlet of a CaO storage tank 5, and a material outlet of the CaO storage tank 5 is connected with a CaO material inlet of the carbonator 3;
the flue gas inlet at the bottom of the carbonator 3 receives the flue gas which is not decarbonized and is output from the flue gas outlet of the boiler and the flue gas outlet at the upper part of the calciner 2; the superheated steam at the upper steam outlet enters a steam turbine to be flushed and rotated for power generation; lower partPart of the calcium carbonate material outlet, the material inlet of the CaO storage tank 5 and CaCO of the calcining furnace 23The material inlets are connected; the CaO material inlet at the lower part is connected with the CaO material outlet of the calciner 2 and the material outlet of the CaO storage tank 5;
a first one-way control valve 21, a second one-way control valve 22 and a third one-way control valve 23 are respectively arranged between the CaO material outlet of the calciner 2 and the material inlet of the CaO storage tank 5, between the CaO material outlet of the calciner 2 and the CaO material inlet of the carbonator 3, and between the material outlet of the CaO storage tank 5 and the CaO material inlet of the carbonator 3;
CaCO of carbonating furnace 33Material outlet and CaCO3CaCO of carbonator 3 between material inlets of storage tank 63CaCO of material outlet and calcining furnace 23Between the material inlets and CaCO3The material outlet of the storage tank 6 and CaCO of the calciner 23A fourth one-way control valve 31, a fifth one-way control valve 32 and a sixth one-way control valve 33 are respectively arranged between the material inlets;
the deactivated CaO discharging port of the calcining furnace 2 is connected with the material inlet of the hydration reactor 4, and Ca (OH) of the hydration reactor 42The material outlet is connected with the material inlet of the calcining furnace 2.
The apparatus further comprises a combustion heater 9 provided with CH4And the upper high-temperature flue gas outlet is connected with the bottom high-temperature flue gas inlet of the calcining furnace 2.
The invention also provides a method for realizing energy storage peak regulation and carbon capture of the thermal power generating unit in a synergistic manner, which comprises the following main steps:
step one, heating a part of high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion of a power generation boiler 1 to feed water, enabling the high-temperature flue gas to enter a common steam-water system for direct power generation, and enabling a part of the high-temperature flue gas to enter a calcining furnace 2 for providing part of energy required by cyclic calcination of a calcium-based absorbent; the main component of the calcium-based absorbent is CaCO3
Step two, the calcium-based absorbent enters a calcining furnace 2, carries out indirect heat exchange with high-temperature flue gas, and carries out calcining decomposition at 900-950 ℃ to generate CaO;
step three, the calcined calcium-based absorbent enters a carbonating furnace, is mixed with the flue gas from the tail flue and the calcining furnace 2 without decarbonization treatment, and is subjected to CO treatment at the temperature of 650-700 DEG C2The method comprises the following steps of (1) trapping reaction, wherein a large amount of heat energy released by the reaction is used for heating water vapor to enter a steam-water system for power generation, so that energy recovery is realized; the calcium-based absorbent mainly contains CaO;
step four, in the electricity consumption valley stage, under the condition of ensuring the output stability of the power generation boiler 1, according to the actual electricity consumption, the excessive high-temperature flue gas is used for calcining the excessive CaCO3The excess generated CaO, excluding the reaction in the carbonator 3, is sent to the CaO storage tank 5 for storage and standby, and one-way control valves, i.e., a second valve 22, a first valve 21 and a third valve 23 are respectively arranged between the calciner 2 and the carbonator 3, between the calciner 2 and the CaO storage tank 5 and between the CaO storage tank 5 and the carbonator 3 to control the flow direction of CaO;
during the peak period of electricity consumption, CaO in the CaO storage tank 5 is sent into the carbonating furnace 3 to capture CO2CaCO produced3Feeding CaCO3The mixture is stored in a storage tank 6 for standby, and is also stored between the carbonator 3 and the calciner 2 and between the carbonator 3 and CaCO3Between the storage tanks 6 and CaCO3One-way control valves, namely a fifth valve 32, a fourth valve 31 and a sixth valve 33 are respectively arranged between the storage tank 6 and the calcining furnace 2 for controlling CaCO3The flow direction of the flue gas reduces or stops the operation of the calcining furnace, and more high-temperature flue gas is used for heating water vapor to directly generate electricity, so that more electric energy is generated to meet the electricity demand;
step five, regenerating the inactivated calcium-based absorbent after multiple reactions by water and the reactor, then re-entering the calcining furnace 2 for recycling, and periodically supplementing fresh CaCO3。
The high-temperature flue gas entering the calcining furnace in the step one has the flue gas temperature of 1100-1200 ℃, and the extraction position is near the outlet of the hearth.
The calcium-based absorbent in the second step is CaCO3Or as CaCO3Natural minerals or wastes as main components; the heating surface is arranged in the carbonating furnace, so that a large amount of heat energy released by the carbonating reaction is absorbed, and the water vapor is heated for generating power.
The calcining furnace adopts a sleeve furnace device, high-temperature flue gas enters the furnace from the lower part to scour the sleeve wall, and the calcium-based absorbent enters the pipe from the upper part to indirectly perform countercurrent heat exchange with the high-temperature flue gas, so that higher reaction rate is realized, and high-concentration CO is obtained2Gas, high temperature CO coming out of the top of the calciner2After the gas passes through the heat exchanger to recover heat, the gas enters a compressor to be compressed and stored.
The carbonation furnace in the third step is a fluidized bed boiler, and flue gas is used as fluidized air or other boilers.
The one-way control valve is an electric valve or a pneumatic sealing return valve.
CaO storage tank and CaCO3The materials in the storage tank are conveyed into the carbonator and the calciner through pneumatic conveying or mechanical conveying.
And step four and step five, the set one-way valve controls the flow direction of the calcium-based absorbent, and linkage relation exists among the valves.
The specific switching states of the valves in the fourth and fifth steps are that only the second valve 22 and the fifth valve 32 are normally opened and work at the same time during off-peak power consumption; in the electricity consumption valley stage, the first valve 21 and the sixth valve 33 are opened simultaneously to calcine the excessive CaCO3The purpose of storing energy; and in the peak power utilization stage, the first valve 21 and the sixth valve 33 are closed, the third valve 23 and the fourth valve 31 are opened, and the second valve 22 and the fifth valve 32 are closed or reduced, so that the CaO in the storage tank enters the carbonating furnace for reaction and energy is released.
And sixthly, the hydration medium utilized in the hydration regeneration process of the inactivated calcium-based absorbent is the last stage air exhaust from a low-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine so as to improve the hydration reaction rate.
Taking a certain 300MW coal-fired power plant as an example, high-temperature flue gas generated by burning fuel in a power generation boiler 1 is partially heated to supply water and directly generates power, and is partially pumped into a calcining furnace 2 to provide partial heat energy required by calcining and decomposing a calcium-based absorbent, the high-temperature flue gas is pumped near the outlet of a hearth, the temperature of the flue gas is 1100-1120 ℃, the calcining furnace 2 adopts a sleeve furnace structure, the high-temperature flue gas enters the furnace from the lower part to scour the pipe wall, the calcium-based absorbent enters from the upper part and indirectly carries out countercurrent heat exchange with the high-temperature flue gas, and high-concentration CO is obtained from the outlet of the upper part of2And the subsequent compression storage is convenient. The working temperature of the calcining furnace is 900-950 ℃, and the energy for maintaining high temperature is provided by sensible heat carried by the calcium-based absorbent from the carbonator 3 and the heat energy of high-temperature flue gas.
Of course, the heat of the high temperature flue gas from 1200 ℃ to 900 ℃ is not sufficient to provide for calcining the entire CaCO3Heat required to achieve CO2By adding a methane combustion heater 9, high-temperature flue gas is generated to supplement and realize total CO capture2The required energy of the gas. High-temperature high-concentration CO discharged from upper pipe opening of calcining furnace2The gas is heated by the heat exchanger 7 to realize energy recovery, and is compressed by the compressor 8 and then stored. The main reactions that occur are:
CaCO3→CaO+CO2
the calcined calcium-based absorbent (mainly CaO) enters a carbonating furnace 3 and contacts with the flue gas to be treated from a tail flue and a calciner at the temperature of 650-700 ℃ to capture CO2The reaction of (1):
CaO+CO2→CaCO3
if the flue gas contains SO2Gas, sulfur fixation reactions will also occur:
CaCO3+SO2+1/2O2→CaSO4+CO2、CaO+SO2+1/2O2→CaSO4
realize SO in flue gas2Removing; due to CO absorption by CaO2The reaction (2) is exothermic, and a heating surface is required to be arranged in the carbonating furnace to absorb the heat released by the reaction so as to maintain the reaction temperature to be relatively constant.
In the daily electricity consumption valley stage, the valves 21, 22, 32 and 33 are simultaneously opened to ensure that the excessive CaCO is calcined by using excessive high-temperature flue gas according to the actual electricity consumption under the condition of stable boiler load3The generated CaO is sent into a storage tank 5 to be stored for standby; during the peak period of electricity consumption, valves 21 and 33 are closed, valves 23 and 31 are opened simultaneously, valves 22 and 32 are closed or reduced, and the CaO in storage tank 5 is preferentially used to enter the carbonator to capture CO in the flue gas2Excess CaCO formed3And the flue gas is sent into a storage tank 6 to be stored for later use, and the operation of the calcining furnace is temporarily reduced or stopped, so that the high-temperature flue gas originally entering the calcining furnace is used for directly heating the water supply to generate power, and more electric energy is generated to meet the power consumption requirement. Through the steps, the peak shaving power generation of a power plant can be realized under the condition that the operating load of the power generation boiler is stable, the energy storage link of the system is that the high-temperature flue gas volume used for calcination is increased through the valley stage, and the high-temperature flue gas volume directly used for heating water vapor power generation is increased through the peak stage, so that the energy storage is realized.
The calcium-based absorbent subjected to multiple cyclic reactions can generate the deactivation phenomenon, the deactivated CaO is discharged at regular time and enters a hydration reactor 4 for regeneration, the last stage air exhaust from a low-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine is utilized in the hydration regeneration process to improve the hydration reaction rate, and then the calcium-based absorbent is sent into a calcining furnace for cyclic utilization, and fresh CaCO needs to be supplemented at the same time3And periodically discharging the coal ash through a slag discharge pipe.
Claims (13)
1. The device is characterized by comprising a power generation boiler (1), a calcining furnace (2), a carbonating furnace (3), a hydration reactor (4), a CaO storage tank (5), CaCO3The device comprises a storage tank (6), a heat exchanger (7), a compressor (8), a combustion heater (9), a first one-way control valve (21), a second one-way control valve (22), a third one-way control valve (23), a fourth one-way control valve (31), a fifth one-way control valve (32) and a sixth one-way control valve (33); wherein,
a hearth outlet of the power generation boiler (1) is connected with a bottom high-temperature flue gas inlet of the calcining furnace (2) and is used for introducing high-temperature flue gas generated by the power generation boiler (1) into the calcining furnace (2);
the flue gas outlet at the upper part of the calcining furnace (2) is connected with the untreated flue gas inlet of the carbonating furnace (3), and the upper part is CO2CO of gas outlet and heat exchanger (7)2CO from the gas outlet of the heat exchanger (7) is connected with the gas inlet2The gas enters a compressor (8) and is compressed and then stored; a CaO material outlet at the bottom of the calcining furnace (2) is connected with a material inlet of a CaO storage tank (5), and a material outlet of the CaO storage tank (5) is connected with a CaO material inlet of the carbonating furnace (3);
a flue gas inlet at the bottom of the carbonating furnace (3) receives flue gas which is not subjected to decarburization treatment and is output from a flue gas outlet of the boiler and a flue gas outlet at the upper part of the calcining furnace (2); the superheated steam at the upper steam outlet enters a steam turbine to be flushed and rotated for power generation; calcium carbonate material outlet and CaCO at the lower part3Material inlet of storage tank (6) and CaCO of calciner (2)3The material inlets are connected; the CaO material inlet at the lower part is connected with the CaO material outlet of the calcining furnace (2) and the material outlet of the CaO storage tank (5);
a first one-way control valve (21), a second one-way control valve (22) and a third one-way control valve (23) are respectively arranged between a CaO material outlet of the calciner (2) and a material inlet of the CaO storage tank (5), between a CaO material outlet of the calciner (2) and a CaO material inlet of the carbonator (3) and between a material outlet of the CaO storage tank (5) and a CaO material inlet of the carbonator (3);
CaCO of carbonating furnace (3)3Material outlet and CaCO3CaCO of the carbonator (3) between the material inlets of the storage tanks (6)3CaCO of material outlet and calcining furnace (2)3Between the material inlets and CaCO3The material outlet of the storage tank (6) and CaCO of the calcining furnace (2)3A fourth one-way control valve (31), a fifth one-way control valve (32) and a sixth one-way control valve (33) are respectively arranged between the material inlets;
the inactivated CaO discharge outlet of the calcining furnace (2) is connected with the material inlet of the hydration reactor (4), and Ca (OH) of the hydration reactor (4)2The material outlet is connected with the material inlet of the calcining furnace (2).
2. The device for realizing the energy storage peak shaving and the carbon capture of the thermal power generating unit cooperatively according to claim 1, characterized in that the device further comprises a combustion heater (9), and the combustion heater (9) is provided with CH4And the upper high-temperature flue gas outlet is connected with the bottom high-temperature flue gas inlet of the calcining furnace (2).
3. A method for realizing energy storage peak shaving and carbon capture of a thermal power generating unit in a synergistic manner is characterized by comprising the following main steps:
step one, heating a part of high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion of a power generation boiler (1) to feed water, enabling the high-temperature flue gas to enter a common steam-water system for direct power generation, and enabling a part of the high-temperature flue gas to enter a calcining furnace (2) for providing part of energy required by cyclic calcination of a calcium-based absorbent; the main component of the calcium-based absorbent is CaCO3；
Step two, the calcium-based absorbent enters a calcining furnace (2), indirectly exchanges heat with high-temperature flue gas, and is calcined and decomposed at 900-950 ℃ to generate CaO;
step three, the calcined calcium-based absorbent enters a carbonating furnace, is mixed with the flue gas from the tail flue and the calcining furnace (2) without decarbonization treatment, and is subjected to CO treatment at the temperature of 650-700 DEG C2The method comprises the following steps of (1) trapping reaction, wherein a large amount of heat energy released by the reaction is used for heating water vapor to enter a steam-water system for power generation, so that energy recovery is realized; the calcined calcium-based absorbent mainly contains CaO;
step four, in the electricity consumption valley stage, under the condition that the output of the power generation boiler (1) is ensured to be stable and unchanged, the excessive high-temperature flue gas is used for calcining excessive CaCO according to the actual electricity consumption3The generated CaO except the excess part entering the carbonator (3) for reaction is sent into a CaO storage tank (5) for storage and standby, and one-way control valves, namely a second valve (22), a first valve (21) and a third valve (23), are respectively arranged between the calcinator (2) and the carbonator (3), between the calcinator (2) and the CaO storage tank (5) and between the CaO storage tank (5) and the carbonator (3) to control the flow direction of the CaO;
during the peak period of electricity consumption, CaO in the CaO storage tank (5) is sent into the carbonator (3)Capturing CO2CaCO produced3Feeding CaCO3The storage tank (6) is stored for standby, and is also arranged between the carbonator (3) and the calciner (2) and between the carbonator (3) and the CaCO3Between the storage tanks (6) and CaCO3One-way control valves, namely a fifth valve (32), a fourth valve (31) and a sixth valve (33) are respectively arranged between the storage tank (6) and the calcining furnace (2) to control CaCO3The flow direction of the flue gas reduces or stops the operation of the calcining furnace, and more high-temperature flue gas is used for heating water vapor to directly generate electricity, so that more electric energy is generated to meet the electricity demand;
step five, regenerating the inactivated calcium-based absorbent after multiple reactions by water and a reactor, then re-entering the calcining furnace (2) for recycling, and periodically supplementing fresh CaCO3。
4. The method for realizing thermal power generating unit energy storage peak shaving and carbon capture in a synergic manner according to claim 3, characterized in that the heat of the high-temperature flue gas generated by the unit mass of fuel from the boiler outlet reduced from 1200 ℃ to 900 ℃ is not enough to provide for calcining the corresponding mass of CaCO3Heat required to achieve CO2All capture of CH4After being mixed with air, the mixture is introduced into a methane combustion type heater (9) through a fuel inlet for combustion, and the generated high-temperature flue gas is introduced into a high-temperature flue gas inlet at the bottom of the calcining furnace (2).
5. The method for realizing the energy storage peak shaving and the carbon capture of the thermal power generating unit cooperatively according to claim 3, wherein the high-temperature flue gas entering the calcining furnace in the step one has a flue temperature of 1100-1200 ℃ and an extraction position near a hearth outlet.
6. The method for realizing energy storage peak shaving and carbon capture of thermal power generating unit synergistically according to claim 3, wherein the calcium-based absorbent in the second step is CaCO3Or as CaCO3Natural minerals or wastes as main components; by arranging the heating surface in the carbonating furnace, a large amount of heat energy released by the carbonating reaction is absorbed and heatedThe steam generates electricity.
7. The method for realizing the energy storage peak shaving and the carbon capture of the thermal power generating unit cooperatively according to claim 3, characterized in that the calcining furnace adopts a double-pipe furnace device, high-temperature flue gas enters the furnace from the lower part to wash the wall of a sleeve pipe, calcium-based absorbent enters the pipe from the upper part to perform indirect countercurrent heat exchange with the high-temperature flue gas, so that higher reaction rate is realized, and high-concentration CO is obtained2Gas, high temperature CO coming out of the top of the calciner2After the gas passes through the heat exchanger to recover heat, the gas enters a compressor to be compressed and stored.
8. The method for realizing thermal power generating unit energy storage peak shaving and carbon capture cooperatively according to claim 3, wherein the carbonator in the third step is a fluidized bed boiler, and flue gas is used as fluidized air or other boilers.
9. The method for realizing the thermal power generating unit energy storage peak shaving and carbon capture cooperatively according to claim 3, characterized in that the one-way control valve is an electric valve or a pneumatic sealing return valve.
10. The method for realizing peak shaving and carbon capture of stored energy of thermal power generating unit cooperatively according to claim 3, characterized in that CaO storage tank and CaCO3The materials in the storage tank are conveyed into the carbonator and the calciner through pneumatic conveying or mechanical conveying.
11. The method for realizing thermal power generating unit energy storage peak shaving and carbon capture cooperatively according to claim 3, wherein the setting of the check valve in the fourth and fifth steps controls the flow direction of the calcium-based absorbent, and linkage relations exist among the valves.
12. The method for realizing energy storage peak shaving and carbon capture of thermal power generating unit cooperatively according to claim 3, characterized in thatIn the fourth step and the fifth step, the specific opening and closing states of the valves are that only the second valve (22) and the fifth valve (32) are normally opened and work at the same time during the off-peak power utilization period; in the electricity consumption valley stage, the first valve (21) and the sixth valve (33) are simultaneously opened to calcine the excessive CaCO3The purpose of storing energy; and in the peak electricity utilization stage, the first valve (21) and the sixth valve (33) are closed, the third valve (23) and the fourth valve (31) are opened at the same time, and the second valve (22) and the fifth valve (32) are closed or reduced, so that the CaO in the storage tank is utilized to enter the carbonating furnace for reaction, and the energy is released.
13. The method for realizing thermal power generating unit energy storage peak shaving and carbon capture cooperatively according to claim 3, wherein the hydration medium utilized in the hydration regeneration process of the inactivated calcium-based absorbent in the sixth step is the last stage extraction air from a low-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine.
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| CN110067611A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2019-07-30 | 东南大学 | A kind of calcium round-robin method trapping CO2The peak regulation system and working method of joint liquid oxygen energy storage |
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| CN113914951B (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2024-01-19 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Nuclear power plant peak shaving system based on compressed air energy storage and operation method |
| CN113941217A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-01-18 | 清华大学 | Energy storage system and method for carbon dioxide capture and flexible peak regulation of coal-fired power station |
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| CN116336464B (en) * | 2023-04-07 | 2024-01-19 | 南京工程学院 | Calcium-based hazardous waste synergistic trapping SO 2 /NO X /CO 2 Technological method and system |
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