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CN105829078A - A building block for a mechanical construction - Google Patents

A building block for a mechanical construction Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105829078A
CN105829078A CN201480069496.6A CN201480069496A CN105829078A CN 105829078 A CN105829078 A CN 105829078A CN 201480069496 A CN201480069496 A CN 201480069496A CN 105829078 A CN105829078 A CN 105829078A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
building block
printed material
support
printed
bearing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201480069496.6A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
亚历桑德罗·桑兹
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SKF AB
Original Assignee
SKF AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SKF AB filed Critical SKF AB
Priority to CN202110302425.8A priority Critical patent/CN113074183A/en
Publication of CN105829078A publication Critical patent/CN105829078A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/62—Selection of substances
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/40—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards
    • B22F10/47—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards characterised by structural features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/112—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using individual droplets, e.g. from jetting heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/70—Completely encapsulating inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/38—Ball cages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/64—Special methods of manufacture
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
    • B22F10/12—Formation of a green body by photopolymerisation, e.g. stereolithography [SLA] or digital light processing [DLP]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
    • B22F10/14—Formation of a green body by jetting of binder onto a bed of metal powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
    • B22F10/18—Formation of a green body by mixing binder with metal in filament form, e.g. fused filament fabrication [FFF]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/53—Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/04—Bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/748—Machines or parts thereof not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2220/00—Shaping
    • F16C2220/02—Shaping by casting
    • F16C2220/06—Shaping by casting in situ casting or moulding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2220/00—Shaping
    • F16C2220/24—Shaping by built-up welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/32—Balls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/34—Rollers; Needles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
    • F16H55/06—Use of materials; Use of treatments of toothed members or worms to affect their intrinsic material properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
    • F16H55/17—Toothed wheels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a building block (140) for a mechanical construction. The invention further provides a bearing, an actuator system, a housing, a hub, a mechanical connector and a gear box. The building block comprises a first printed material (150) being printed via an additive manufacturing process, wherein the first printed material comprises a framework of a second material (155) different from the first printed material and at least partially embedded in the first printed material. This framework of the second material may be included in a hollow structure (157). Alternatively, at least a part of the framework of the second material may constitute at least a part of the inner wall of the hollow structure. The framework of the second material may be pre-fabricated or may also be generated via the additive manufacturing process. A benefit of this building block is that it allows an increase of strength while limiting the overall weight.

Description

Building block for frame for movement
Technical field
The present invention relates to the building block for frame for movement.The invention still further relates to bearing, actuator and gear-box.
Background technology
Increase material manufacture or be more commonly called as 3D printing, being a kind of known manufacturing technology generating three-dimensional solid-state object according to mathematical model.The technique increasing material manufacture first passes through any of digital modeling method (such as using CAD program) generation mathematical model.It follows that mathematical model is divided into section, wherein, each section is expressed as in mathematical model placing one layer of printed material.Each section is sequentially sent to increasing material and manufactures instrument or 3D printer, deposited material by increasing material manufacture instrument or 3D printer according to each section, the most successively generate complete three-dimensional solid-state object.
Increasing in material manufacture in early days, plastics or resin are mainly used as generating the printed material of three-dimensional solid-state object, but have been developed over being used as this increasing material manufacturing technology and deposit other technique of other material (including different types of metal) in layer.One key benefit of this manufacturing technology is that it allows designer with a kind of relatively simple manufacture to manufacture substantially any three-dimensional body.Such as, when one initial model of a product needed or required product quantity are limited, this is probably particularly advantageous.One shortcoming of this manufacturing technology is, the speed that three-dimensional solid-state object produces.
Increase material manufacture use in high-quality bearing or actuator to have been subjected to limit.But, increase the probability that material manufacture but can provide unlimited.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of firm building block for frame for movement.
A first aspect of the present invention provides a kind of building block for frame for movement according to claim 1.A second aspect of the present invention provides bearing according to claim 13.A third aspect of the present invention provides actuator system according to claim 14.A fourth aspect of the present invention provides gear-box according to claim 15.Embodiment has limited.
Building block described according to a first aspect of the present invention includes that wherein, the first printed material includes the support being different from the second material in the first printed material and at least partially embedded first printed material by increasing the first printed material that manufacture process prints.
Inventor is it has been realized that using printed material in the building block of frame for movement, it is provided that following chance: comprise support in printed material to strengthen the integrally-built intensity of building block.Building block is permissible, and such as part is made up of second material with the most relatively high intensity first printed material with relative low density and relative low strength and part.Such building block can include having relatively light overall weight and the overall structure of relatively high intensity.When being generated described building block at least some of by the first printed material, using the combination of this feature to allow to use the building block design of the high flexibility brought by using the first printed material, meanwhile, the support comprised makes described building block have required intensity.
High-quality bearing, actuator, wheel hub, bearing block, adapter and gear-box typically require high-quality building block, such as, can expect to obtain, can bear abrasion and rolling contact fatigue from high-quality building block.Especially, such as, in wind turbine, vehicle or aerospace applications, the weight of these building blocks is probably extremely important, the most unacceptable concession relevant to building block intensity.The lightweight building block with substantially any shape using the first printed material of the support combining the second material can allow by increasing manufacture process to build, ensure that the intensity of this building block is as required simultaneously.
Second material is different from the first printed material.This species diversity may be the difference of structure, and so, such as, the first printed material is ferrum, and the second material is hardened steel.Alternatively, the second material and the first printed material are probably different materials.Such as, the first printed material potentially includes polymer or pottery, and the support of the second material may be made up of metal.The most still optionally further, the first printed material is probably the first metal, and the second material is the second metal, and such as, the first printed material is used for reducing any etching problem of the second material.The combination of the first printed material and the second material allows to use the honeycomb lattice after optimizing to define the lightest and the firmest structure and/or surface together with superficial makings definition and solid structure, to bear one group of given machinery, heat and/or chemical load.If born outside described load in the honeycomb lattice of described building block, need another one function, then this extra function can simultaneously or separately be printed.
Inventor is also realized that, and the support of the second material allows characteristic to localize in the parts being made up of homogenous material.By using the first printed material together with the support of the second material, the single building block such as in local with specific contact performance and/or the junction point of noise attentuation and/or structural robustness and/or lightweight characteristic can be created.
In the embodiment of described building block, described building block includes part or all that one or more hollow structure, the support of the second material are comprised in the one or more hollow structure in the first printed material.Using the benefit being positioned at the hollow structure within building block is the overall weight that these extra hollow structures significantly reduce described building block.Additionally, this hollow structure can be used for comprising the extra element of described building block, such as, sensor or lubricant reservoir, and without comprising additional space in bearing, actuator or gear-box to these sensors or lubricant reservoir.
Additionally, hollow structure significantly increases surface volume ratio, it can improve chemical reactivity and/or by the heat transmitting of described building block.
In the embodiment of described building block, the support of the second material includes the prefabricated support being at least partially embedded the first printed material.This prefabricated support can be prepared by any of manufacture method (e.g., injection mo(u)lding or casting technique).Welding together by Grinding Process or by the independent component of support, prefabricated support can also be used.Use this prefabricated support can allow to use the firmest material as the second material in described support, this bulk strength that can be used for significantly improving described building block.Such as, use hardened steel to will ensure that the entirety of building block may be very strong as prefabricated support, only needing the local of requirement of strength to arrange hardened steel support by restriction simultaneously, carrying out the weight of limit structure block.The present invention all allows unitary construction and the integration of parts prefabricated in support of building block, keeps the almost all of motility increasing manufacture process simultaneously.It is prevented from, therefore owing to the physical property between the first printed material from different parts connects, it is to avoid extra manufacturing process and unnecessary border among different components.
In the embodiment of described building block, the support of the second material at least partially constitutes the wall of one or more hollow structure.The wall using hollow structure can ensure that the most whole hollow structure can be utilized, such as, be used for comprising sensor or other extra elements.Additionally, use at least some of as support of wall of hollow structure, a structure the firmest can be caused.Such as, using spheroid as support, such spheroid can often bear significant high pressure.Also may select structure known to other as support, to guarantee that the bulk strength of this class formation is sufficiently high to bear the power acting on building block.Compare the building block not including described support, including sealing this spheroid of the second material or the whole building block of structure with the first printed material, will cause standing higher pressure or pulling force.
In the embodiment of described building block, the second material is different from the second printed material of the first printed material.Such as, the second printed material can be metal, and the first printed material can be polymer or pottery.Second printed material may be comparatively expensive and/or heavy, but the bulk strength that use the second printed material guarantees building block is necessary.First printed material can select the lightest material maybe can select to want relatively inexpensive material, and this material may relatively easily print.
In the embodiment of described building block, propping up of at least partially embedded first printed material is configured to the two-dimensional framework for described building block or three-dimensional framework.Multiple supports that this two-dimensional framework or three-dimensional framework can be connected together are to form described skeleton.
In the embodiment of described building block, described support or described support are arranged and constructed to bear the predetermined load of the presumptive area of the outer wall being in use applied to described building block together with the first printed material.The bulk strength of usual described building block is that the intensity of support and the first printed material combines.
In the embodiment of described building block, the presumptive area of the outer wall of building block has oil-wet behavior.Presumptive area can be such as the outer wall of bearing roller or can be such as raceway surface.When rolling element rolls along raceway face, each in these surfaces may have to bear significant pressure.Contact area between rolling element and raceway face generally comprises lubricant.By producing the presumptive area of the outer wall of oil-wet behavior, in use, the wettability of this presumptive area is designed to lubricant will be preferably located at this contact area.
In the embodiment of described building block, predetermined surface structure and/or use is used to be applied to the 3rd material of presumptive area to generate the oil-wet behavior of the presumptive area of outer wall in presumptive area.Using this 3rd material, such as, the 3rd printed material is probably useful, because this 3rd material can relatively easily coat by increasing manufacture process.Alternatively, surface texture can be applied to guarantee that lubricant maintains presumptive area.The establishment of particular surface roughness or superficial makings can improve moistening.
In the embodiment of described building block, use the first printed material or the 3rd material generating structure surface.
In the embodiment of described building block, described building block includes in this building block in a material and this building block the functional classification interlayer on the interface between another material, and the composition of functional classification interlayer is configured to be altered in steps as another material described via the mixture of one material Yu another material described from a material.One material, for example, it may be the first printed material, another material described, for example, it may be the second printed material.Alternatively, the first printed material can form functional classification interlayer with the 3rd printed material, or, the 3rd printed material can form functional classification interlayer with the second printed material.The benefit of this functional classification interlayer is that the adhesion between two materials is stronger.
In the embodiment of described building block, from the list including metal, pottery, polymer, elastomer, select the first printed material and/or the second printed material.First printed material and/or the second printed material, for example, it may be the metal selected from the list including such as steel, rustless steel, Maraging steel, mould steel, low-alloy steel, copper alloy, nickel alloy, cobalt alloy, aluminum, aluminium alloy, titanium, titanium alloy.
Bearing according to a second aspect of the present invention includes according to the building block described in any embodiment.
Actuator system according to a third aspect of the present invention includes according to the building block described in any embodiment.
Gear-box according to a fourth aspect of the present invention includes according to the building block described in any embodiment.
The other side of the present invention may further relate to the mechanical component for frame for movement, such as wheel hub, shell, adapter and rib.This mechanical part according to the present invention may local directed complete set several functions, such as the support by including the second material (such as, the second printed material), local strength changes.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By with reference to the embodiments described below, these and other aspects of the present invention will be apparent from and will be illustrated.In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1A shows the profile of the inner ring of the bearing according to the present invention, and Figure 1B shows that the profile of the rolling element of the bearing according to the present invention, Fig. 1 C show the plane graph of the retainer of the bearing according to the present invention,
Fig. 2 A shows the profile of the bearing of the support comprising the first printed material and the second material according to the present invention,
Fig. 2 B shows the profile of the another bearing of the support comprising the first printed material and the second material according to the present invention,
Fig. 3 A shows the plane graph of the actuator system of the support comprising the first printed material and the second material according to the present invention, and, Fig. 3 B shows the gear-box of the support comprising the first printed material and the second material according to the present invention,
Fig. 4 A shows that liquid resin manufactures the first embodiment of instrument for the material that increases coating printed material in increasing manufacture process,
Fig. 4 B shows and manufactures the second embodiment of instrument from the liquid resin of allotter distribution for the material that increases coating printed material in increasing manufacture process,
Fig. 5 A shows and uses material to be melted into the little solid granulates the 3rd embodiment increasing material manufacture instrument for coating printed material by granule in increasing manufacture process,
Fig. 5 B shows and uses the granular solid-state material of distribution from allotter to manufacture the 4th embodiment of instrument for the material that increases coating printed material in increasing manufacture process,
Fig. 6 shows that the plastic material using allocated thawing in increasing manufacture process manufactures the 5th embodiment of instrument for the material that increases coating printed material.
It should be noted that the item in different figures with same reference numerals has identical architectural feature and identical function, or identical signal.After the function of such a and/or structure being explained, it is not necessary that the most in detail it is carried out repetition of explanation.
Detailed description of the invention
Figure 1A shows the sectional view of the inner ring 100 of the bearing 200 (such as, display bearing 200 in fig. 2) according to the present invention.Inner ring 100 is the building block 100 according to the present invention and the raceway circle 110 including having raceway face, and includes the first printed material 120 printed to raceway circle 110.The use of the first printed material 120 provides the mode the most flexibly of the profile of a kind of inner ring 100 manufacturing bearing 200, and wherein, the first printed material 120 can possess any desired shape.Use the raceway circle 110 of basic standardization as starting products, the inner ring 100 of customization can be easily manufactured by increasing by the first printed material 120.The increment manufacture using this raceway circle 110 to basic standardization to increase printed material can ensure that the inner ring 100 of customization has high flexibility and high-quality concurrently.The inner ring of Figure 1A also show the first printed material 120 and include enclosing the support (framework) 125 that the form of 125 embeds in the first printed material 120.This support 125 is made up of the second material 125 being different from the first printed material 120.Such as, this second material 125 can result from increasing manufacture process, such as, compared with the first printed material 120, the second printed material 125 is deposited in similar or different increasing manufacture process.Alternatively, the second material 125 is probably the second prefabricated material 125, such as, prefabricated circle 125 (such as, being made up of) hardened steel 125.So, it is used together according to the support of the present invention the first printed material 120 with the second material 125 and makes the prefabricated building block of the second material 125 and the first printed material 120 be combined.And the difference between ferrum and hardened steel is similar, the prefabricated building block of second material 125 may be structurally different from the first printed material 120, or and ferrum and pyrite between difference similar, may be chemically distinct,.
When the support that the support of the second material 125 is the second printed material 125, second printed material 125 deposition on first impression material 120 may systematic function classification interlayer (not shown).It is the second printed material 125 that the composition of this functional classification interlayer is configured to start to be altered in steps via the Mixed Zone of the first printed material 120 and the second printed material 125 from the first printed material 120.The benefit of this functional classification interlayer is that the joint between the first printed material 120 and the second printed material 125 is stronger.
Figure 1B shows the sectional view of the rolling element 140 of the bearing 200 according to the present invention.Rolling element 140 is as the building block 140 according to the present invention and includes the first printed material 150 and support of the second material 155.In the embodiment shown in Figure 1B, the support of the second material 155 is arranged at the hollow structure 157 being positioned at the first printed material 150.Alternatively, the inwall that may make up hollow structure 157 at least partially of the support of the second material 155 is at least some of.So, the bulk strength of hollow structure 157 can be contributed by the support of the second material 155, owing to including hollow structure 157 in the first printed material 157, overall weight is caused to significantly reduce, ensure that building block 140, compared with not having hollow structure 157, remains in that the most higher similar bulk strength simultaneously.
In fig. ib in illustrated embodiment, rolling element 140 is made up of the first printed material 150.But, rolling element 140 may also be that part includes the first printed material 150, and such as, rolling element 140 potentially includes the shell (not shown) of the most prefabricated hardened steel, wherein, the internal part of rolling element 140 includes the first printed material 150 including the support of the second material 155.The shell using hardened steel is advantageous in that this will ensure that rolling element 140 can bear the abrasion putting on rolling element 140 for a long time during the use of bearing 200.
Fig. 1 C shows the plane graph of the retainer 160 for bearing 200 according to the present invention.Retainer 160 may also include the first printed material 170, support together with at least some of the second material 175 embedded in the first printed material 170 as the building block 160 of the present invention.In the present embodiment, the support of the second material 175 is again the support of a second annular material 175, its bulk strength that can be used to strengthen building block 160.This ring support of second material 175 can include the second printed material 175 printed together with the first printed material 170, or separates, with the first printed material 170, the second printed material 175 printed.When the second printed material 175 prints together with the first printed material 170, the interface (not shown) of foregoing functionally classification can be produced between the first printed material 170 and the second printed material 175.Alternatively, the support of the second material 175 can be the support of the second prefabricated material 175, such as, is made up of hardened steel, so that increasing the bulk strength of retainer 160, simultaneously by using the first printed material 170 to keep increasing the motility of manufacture process.
Fig. 2 A shows the profile of bearing 200, and wherein, bearing 200 includes the first printed material 250,260 and the support of at least some of the second material 265 embedded in the first printed material 260.Bearing 200 includes rolling element 205.These rolling elements 205 can be similar with the rolling element 140 as the building block 140 according to the present invention as shown in Figure 1B.Bearing 200 includes the inner ring 280 similar with the inner ring 100 as the building block 100 according to the present invention.Additionally, at the inner ring 280 of the present embodiment, inner ring 280 is made up of the raceway circle 212 that can coat the first printed material 250 thereon.The support (such as, the prefabricated ring support of the second material 125) of the second material 125 is positioned at the first printed material 250.Bearing 200 also includes the outer ring 290 similar to inner ring 280, it raceway circle 220 including can coating the first printed material 260 thereon.At present, the support of the second material 265 is made up of multiple supports 265, and multiple supports 265 radially extend to bear the radial force that can put on outer ring 280.Second material 125,265 can be the second printed material 125,265 or can be to be prefabricated structure as described in above-described embodiment.
Fig. 2 B shows the sectional view of another bearing 300 including printed material 350,360.Display bearing 300 in fig. 2b is to include the ball bearing 300 that rolling element 305 is spheroid 305.These spheroids 305 are alternatively the building block according to the present invention, and wherein, spheroid 305 is made up of the support (not shown) of at least part of first printed material (not shown) and the second material of at least partially embedded first printed material.Inner ring 380 includes the raceway circle 310 being joined to printed material 350.The support of multiple second materials 355 embeds the first printed material 350 to improve the intensity of the whole inner ring 380 of bearing 300.Outer ring 390 includes the raceway circle 320 being joined to printed material 360.As can be seen from Figure 2B, the overall dimensions of the printed material 360 investing the raceway circle 320 of outer ring 390 can have any shape, such as, has the rectangular section size shown in Fig. 2 B.Under this structure shown in Fig. 2 B, the printed material 360 of outer ring 390 can also include hole 365, such as, can allow screw or other depend on connected mode and outer ring 390 be connected in component (not shown).In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 B, the printed material 360 of outer ring 390 also includes the hollow structure 375 that can be used to reduce the overall weight of bearing 300.Some or all in these hollow structures 375 include that the support of the second material 377 is to strengthen hollow structure 375 or to strengthen the first printed material 360.The support of the second material 377 can be the support of a second prefabricated material 377 or can be the support being made up of the second printed material 377 as previously mentioned.In fig. 2b, the remainder of the first printed material 360 includes the three-dimensional framework 365 fully complying with the overall shape of the first printed material 360.This skeleton 365 can be used as the complete lattice of hollow structure (not shown) to mould the external dimensions of outer ring 390, and for limiting the outer surface of outer ring 390, simultaneously in order to reduce the overall weight of outer ring 390 as much as possible, it is allowed to outer ring 390 internal structure has hollow structure (not shown) as much as possible.
Fig. 3 A shows actuator system 700, and wherein, actuator 700 includes the shell 710 of actuator system 700, body 710 or stationary element 710 and the mobile element 730 of actuator system 700 or axle 730 or bar 730.Shell 710 is at least partly made up of the first printed material 720, and wherein, the first printed material 720 includes the support of the second material 725 according to the present invention.Arbitrarily combining of the support of the first printed material 720 and the second printed material 725 illustrates in previous example, can apply described any combination weight reduction needed for producing the bulk strength needed for building block and/or producing at this.
Fig. 3 B shows the sectional plain-view drawing of the gear-box 800 according to the present invention.Gear-box 800 is connected to motor 830 by the first axle 840, and the rotary speed of motor 830 is delivered to the second axle 850, the rotary speed of process conversion by gear-box 800.Gear-box 800 includes multiple gear 810.In the plurality of gear 810 one is at least partly made up of the first printed material 820 and includes being positioned at the support of the second material 825 as reinforced support of the first printed material 820.Again, arbitrarily combining of the support of the first printed material 820 and the second printed material 825 illustrates in previous example, can apply described any combination bulk strength needed for producing building block at this and/or reduce weight as required.
As it was previously stated, another aspect of the present invention may also relate to the mechanical realization block for mechanical realization, such as wheel hub (not shown), shell (not shown), adapter (not shown) and rib (not shown).This mechanical component according to the present invention may local directed complete set several functions, as by including that the support of the second material (such as, the second printed material) realizes local strength and changes.
Fig. 4 A shows that the liquid resin 450 in increasing manufacture process is used for coating first embodiment increasing material manufacture instrument 400 of printed material 460.This type of increases material manufacture instrument 400 and includes plastic holding device 430, and this plastic holding device 430 includes liquid resin 450.It is internal that platform 470 is positioned at plastic holding device 430, and wherein, platform 470 is configured to be slowly moved down into plastic holding device 430.Increasing material and manufacture the laser instrument 410 that instrument 400 also includes launching laser beam 412, this laser beam 412 has the wavelength for solidifying the liquid resin 450 of the position that should add extra printed material 460 on printed material 460.Before coating new one layer printed material 460, printed material 460 drags overcoating rod (re-coatingbar) 440 to guarantee the thin layer having liquid resin 450 at the top of printed material 460.Using laser instrument 410 to irradiate and be positioned at some part that should coat on extra printed material 460, liquid resin 450 thin layer, this will make resin 450 local solidification.In embodiment as shown in Figure 4 A, scanning mirror 420 is used to reflect laser beam 412 so that it is through the layer of liquid resin 450.If the part that be there is a need to solidification in current layer the most carried out irradiating with laser beam 412, printed material 460 is further lowered in liquid resin 450 by platform 470, to allow overcoating rod 460 to be coated on the top of printed material 460 by another layer of liquid resin 450, thus continue to increase manufacture process.
Fig. 4 B shows that the material that increases that the liquid resin 450 in increasing manufacture process is distributed for coating printed material 460 by distributor 405 or printhead 405 manufactures the second embodiment of instrument 401.Increasing material manufacture instrument 401 and also include plastic holding device 430, this plastic holding device 430 includes liquid resin 450, and it to supply towards printhead 405 via feedway 455.Printhead 405 also includes printing nozzle 415, and the drop of liquid resin 450 is from this printing nozzle 415 directive printed material 460.These drops can be fallen printed material 460 from printhead 405 by action of gravity, or some injection structure (not shown) can be used to spray to printed material 460 from printing nozzle 415.Printhead 405 also includes the laser instrument 410 launching laser beam 412, laser instrument 410 for solidifying the drop of this liquid resin 450 immediately when the drop of liquid resin 450 hits printed material 460, thus the drop of this liquid resin 450 is fixed to the printed material 460 printed.The printed material 460 forming solid body can be located on platform 470.
Fig. 5 A shows that the granulation process that carries out material in increasing manufacture process becomes the little solid granulates 550 the 3rd embodiment increasing material manufacture instrument 500 for coating printed material 560.Now, increasing material manufacture instrument 500 (also referred to as selective laser sintering instrument 500 or SLS instrument 500) and include container for granule 530, this container for granule 530 includes the little solid granulates 550 through granulation process.Printed material 560 is again positioned on platform 570 and is surrounded by the little solid granulates 550 through granulation process completely.Reducing platform allows granule donor rollers 540 to be coated on printed material 560 through the solid granulates 550 of granulation process by another layer.Subsequently, use laser instrument 510 and scanning mirror 520 to apply laser beam 512 partly will to melt partly through the solid granulates 550 of granulation process and be connected to each other and be connected with printed material 560, in order to generate next layer of solid body to be created.It follows that platform 570 moves down further, thus allow to coat next layer solid granulates 550 through granulation process by granule donor rollers 540, in order in increasing manufacture process, continue next layer.
Fig. 5 B shows that the material that increases that the solid-state material 550 through granulation process in increasing manufacture process is distributed for coating printed material 560 by distributor 505 or printhead 505 manufactures the 4th embodiment of instrument 501 or SLS instrument 501.Increasing material manufacture instrument 501 and also include container for granule 530, this container for granule 530 includes the solid granulates 550 through granulation process, and it to supply towards printhead 505 via feedway 555.Printhead 505 also includes printing nozzle 515, through the solid granulates 550 of granulation process from this printing nozzle 515 directive printed material 560.These solid granulates 550 can be fallen printed material 560 from printhead 505 by action of gravity, or some injection structure (not shown) can be used to spray to printed material 560 from printing nozzle 515.Printhead 505 also includes the laser instrument 510 launching laser beam 512, and laser instrument 510 for melting or sinter this solid granulates 550 immediately when solid granulates 550 hits printed material 560, thus this solid granulates 550 is fixed to the printed material 560 printed.The printed material 560 forming solid body can be located on platform 570.
Fig. 6 shows that the plastic material 650 that the distribution in increasing manufacture process is melted manufactures the 5th embodiment of instrument 600 for the material that increases coating printed material 660.Increasing material shown in figure 6 manufactures instrument 600 and is also known as fused glass pellet instrument 600 or FDM instrument 600.Now, plastic wire 630 is supplied to distributor 610 or melting appartus 610 by filament feedway 640.This distributor 610 or melting appartus 610 include extruding jet nozzle (extrusionnozzle) 615, it is for melting plastic wire 630 to form the drop of the plastic material 650 being melted, this drop is applied to printed material 660, and hardens thereon and be connected to the printed material 660 printed.Distributor 610 can be configured and be configured under gravity or via injection equipment (not shown), the drop-coated of the plastics 650 being melted is layed onto printed material 660.Increasing material manufacture instrument 600 and also include alignment system 620, it is for positioning distributor 610 across printed material 660.
In sum, the invention provides a kind of building block 140 for frame for movement.The present invention also provides for bearing, actuator system, shell, wheel hub, mechanical connector and gear-box.Described building block is included in and increases in manufacture process the first printed material 150 printed, and wherein, the first printed material includes being different from the first printed material and is partially embedded into the support of the second material 155 of the first printed material.This support of the second material can be contained in hollow structure 157.Alternatively, the inwall that may constitute hollow structure at least partially in the support of the second material is at least some of.The support of the second material can be prefabricated maybe can also generating by increasing manufacture process.The benefit of this building block is to allow to increase intensity while limiting overall weight.
It should be noted that, above-mentioned embodiment illustrates that and the unrestricted present invention, and those of skill in the art can design many alternate embodiments.
In the claims, any reference marks being placed between bracket should not be construed as limiting claim.Verb " includes " and the use that deforms is not precluded from existing the element different from the element of defined in claim or step or step.Article " one " before an element is not precluded from there is this class component multiple.The present invention by including the hardware of some different elements, and can be realized by properly programmed computer.If in the equipment claim enumerating equipment for drying, if the equipment for drying in these devices can be realized by same item of hardware.It is true that describe certain measures in mutually different dependent claims, but this is not intended that the combination that can not favorably use these measures.
Reference numerals list
Building block 100,140,160, increase material and manufacture instrument 400,401
205,280,290, printhead 405,505
305,380,390 printing nozzles 415,515
Raceway circle 110,210,220, laser instrument 410,510
310,320 laser beams 412,512
Bearing 200,300 scanning mirrors 420,520
Rolling element 140,205,305 plastic holding devices 430
First printed material 120,150,170, overcoating rod 440
250,350,360, liquid resin 450
460,560,660 feedwaies 455,555
Second material 125,155,175, platform 470,570,670
265,365,377SLS instruments 500,501
Steel element 125,175,355 container for granule 530
Second printed material 265,365,377 granule donor rollers 540
Printed material 120,150,170, through the material 550 of granulation process
250,350,360, FDM instruments 600
460,560,660, melter 610
720 extruding jet nozzles 615
Printable material 450,550,650 location structure 620
Retainer 160 630
Inner ring 100,280,380 feedwaies 640
Outer ring 290,390 liquid plastics 650
Structure hole 365

Claims (14)

1. the building block (100,140,160,205,280,290,305,380,390) of a frame for movement, including by increasing the first printed material (120,150,170,250,350,360,460,560,660) that manufacture process is printed, it is characterised in that:
First printed material (120,150,170,250,350,360,460,560,660) includes the support of the second material (125,155,175,265,365,377) being different from least partially embedded first printed material (120,150,170,250,350,360,460,560,660) of the first printed material (120,150,170,250,350,360,460,560,660)
Described building block (100,140,160,205,280,290,305,380,390) includes the one or more holes (157,257,375) in the first printed material (120,150,170,250,350,360,460,560,660), and the support of described second material (125,155,175,265,365,377) is comprised in some or all hole in the one or more hole (157,257,375).
Building block the most according to claim 1 (100,140,160,205,280,290,305,380,390), it is characterized in that, the support of described second material (125,175,355) includes the prefabricated support (125,175,355) at least partially embedded first printed material (120,150,170,250,350,360,460,560,660).
3. according to the building block (100,140,160,205,280,290,305,380,390) described in any one in Claims 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, the support of described second material (125,175,355) at least partially constitutes the wall of the one or more hole (157,257,375).
4. according to the building block (100,140,160,205,280,290,305,380,390) according to any one of the claims, it is characterized in that, described second material (265,365,377) is different from second printed material (265,365,377) of the first printed material (120,150,170,250,350,360,460,560,660).
5. according to the building block (100,140,160,205,280,290,305,380,390) according to any one of the claims, it is characterized in that, the two-dimensional framework or the three-dimensional framework (365) that are configured to described building block (100,140,160,205,280,290,305,380,390) of at least partially embedded first printed material (120,150,170,250,350,360,460,560,660).
6. according to the building block (100,140,160,205,280,290,305,380,390) according to any one of the claims, it is characterized in that, described support or described support are configured and are configured in use to bear the predetermined load of the presumptive area of the outer wall being applied to described building block (100,140,160,205,280,290,305,380,390) together with the first printed material (120,150,170,250,350,360,460,560,660).
7. according to the building block (100,140,160,205,280,290,305,380,390) according to any one of the claims, it is characterized in that, the described presumptive area (207,209) of the outer wall of described building block (100,140,160,205,280,290,305,380,390) has lipophile.
8. according to the building block (100,140,160,205,280,290,305,380,390) according to any one of the claims, it is characterized in that, the 3rd material using predetermined surface structure and/or use to be applied to described presumptive area (207,209) in described presumptive area (207,209) generates outer wall and predefines the lipophile of region (207,209).
Building block the most according to claim 8 (100,140,160,205,280,290,305,380,390), it is characterized in that, use the first printed material (120,150,170,250,350,360,460,560,660) or use the 3rd material to generate described surface texture.
null10. according to the building block (100 according to any one of the claims、140、160、205、280、290、305、380、390)，It is characterized in that，Described building block (100、140、160、205、280、290、305、380、390) include being positioned at the functionally gradient boundary layer on interface in multiple interface，The plurality of interface is formed at building block (100、140、160、205、280、290、305、380、390) a kind of material in and building block (100、140、160、205、280、290、305、380、390) between another kind of material，The composition of functionally gradient boundary layer is configured to from a kind of material via described a kind of material (120、220、320) with described another kind of material (120、220、320) mixture is progressively changed into described another kind of material (120、220、320).
11. according to the building block (100,140,160,205,280,290,305,380,390) according to any one of the claims, it is characterized in that, first printed material (120,150,170,250,350,360,460,560,660) and/or the second printed material (265,365,377) select from the list including other any material family, including metal, ion, pottery, polymer/elastomer, structurally, either crystallize, or unbodied, (in being included in).
The bearing (200,300) of 12. 1 kinds of building blocks included described in any one of the claims (100,140,160,205,280,290,305,380,390).
The actuator system (700) of 13. 1 kinds of building blocks included according to any one of claim 1 to 11 (100,140,160,205,280,290,305,380,390).
The gear-box (800) of 14. 1 kinds of building blocks included according to any one of claim 1 to 11 (100,140,160,205,280,290,305,380,390).
CN201480069496.6A 2013-12-18 2014-12-18 A building block for a mechanical construction Pending CN105829078A (en)

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