CN105806374B - A kind of demodulation method of optic fiber grating wavelength - Google Patents
A kind of demodulation method of optic fiber grating wavelength Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of demodulation methods of optic fiber grating wavelength, according to feature in a linear relationship between Distributed Feedback Laser Injection Current and outgoing wavelength, the slope value that the power for the two-beam that the wavelength of two beam short-pulse lasers of Distributed Feedback Laser transmitting and fiber grating are reflected back is calculated completes the demodulation to fiber grating signal as judgment basis in this approach.Optic fiber grating wavelength demodulation method of the present invention breaks through the constraint of traditional demodulation, and the requirement to reflected optical power is relatively low, has stronger applicability using the measuring system of this demodulation method system building.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the methods that the field of measuring technique of fiber grating more particularly to optic fiber grating wavelength demodulate.
Background technique
Optic fiber grating wavelength demodulation techniques are one of the key technologies of fiber grating research field, and substantially, it is exactly one
A wavelength decoding process, by monitoring the variation of wavelength information to obtain the information of measured signal.Here it is the solutions of fiber grating
It adjusts
Demodulation currently for bragg grating wavelength is mainly the following method:
1, spectrometer detection method: it is that the light for issuing wideband light source is sent into fiber grating by three-dB coupler, uses spectrometer
Detect reflected spectrum.Here it is most direct, simplest methods, but are only suitable for stationary singnal demodulation.Its resolution ratio
It can achieve 1pm.It is more accurately horizontal to reach, Multi-wavelength meter can also be used, its resolution ratio can achieve 0.4pm.
But it is at high cost and inconvenient to carry due to these instruments, so being generally chiefly used in laboratory research.
2, edge filter linear demodulation method: being the method for carrying out the demodulation of fiber grating signal using boundary filter, this is wanted
It asks in the range of drift of fiber bragg grating center wavelength, the characteristic curve of filter is linear.When the middle cardiac wave of fiber grating
When length is drifted about, the light intensity of filter output is also changed, and there is one-to-one relationships therebetween.This side
Method is suitble to stationary singnal test to be also suitble to Dynamic Signal demodulation.
3, distributed adjustable matched FBG filter method: distributed matcher refers to for each of sensor array grating,
Matched FBG is formed by the grating of performance always in receiving end, wherein adjustable refer to by driving piezoelectric ceramics PZT, adjusting
Central wavelength with grating makes each detector receive optical power and successively reaches maximum value, finally by pair of PZT voltage and wavelength
It should be related to and measured physical quantity can be obtained, matched FBG filter method has 2 kinds of modes of reflection and transmission, although transmission mode optical signal
Utilization rate it is high, but multiple PZT has been used to make tracing control complicated, the nonlinearity erron of system is big, distributed matcher grating
When demodulation by filter works in reflection mode, the variation of the reflection wavelength of matched FBG tracking transducer is arranged in parallel in same PZT
On, when PZT is driven by sine sweep voltage, the strain generating period variation of matched FBG, so that cardiac wave in matched FBG
Long displacement also generates cyclically-varying, when the central wavelength of matched FBG and the just identical central wavelength of sensing grating,
Strong reflection can occur, so that detector detects largest light intensity, according to the matched FBG voltage and wavelength measured in advance
Between relationship, so that it may acquire the measured physical quantity of corresponding sensing grating.The advantages of the method, is to finally detecting
Light intensity is required without absolute, therefore the noise of all kinds of intensity will not influence measurement result, and its is relatively simple for structure.Deficiency is to require
The reflection spectral line characteristic of sensing grating and matched FBG is very close, since PZT adjustable extent limits, the measurement of sensing grating
Physical quantity range will not be very big.
4, non-equilibrium Mach-Zehnder fibre optic interferometer method: being a kind of parameter method for transformation, by the wavelength of fiber grating
It is changed into the phase change of interferometer.The reflected light of sensing grating enters interferometer, once the wavelength of grating changes,
The reflected light that interferometer receives also changes therewith, and phase is caused to change.The detection sensitivity of this method is very high, still
It is highly susceptible to the interference of external environment, it is general multi-purpose in the demodulation of Dynamic Signal.
5, adjustable Fabry-Perot-type cavity (F-P) method: sending the light of wideband light source into fiber grating, will using three-dB coupler
Reflected light is sent into F-P cavity.Herein, regard F-P cavity as a narrow band filter, driven by piezoelectric ceramics PZT.It is logical
The voltage of change PZT is crossed to control the wavelength of the light through F-P cavity.When the wavelength of reflected light and the transmission peak wavelength of F-P cavity are consistent
When, the light intensity detected is maximum.At this moment the transmission peak wavelength of F-P cavity corresponding with PZT voltage is exactly the back wave of fiber grating
It is long.Its advantage, can be real for small in size, price is low, high sensitivity, tunable range are big, can directly obtain the voltage of corresponding wavelength
Existing multiple spot wavelength-division multiplex demodulation.The disadvantage is that relative resolution is low, response speed is slow, needs to improve with high performance filter
The fineness and scanning speed of scanning filter.
6, tunable narrowband optical source demodulation method: the light of narrow-band light source is sent into fiber grating, changes the wavelength of narrow-band light source
Make its periodic scanning fiber bragg grating, so that it may obtain the spectral line of fiber grating, just correspond to fiber grating at largest light intensity
Central wavelength.
7, light spectrum image-forming demodulation method is that the reflectance spectrum (transmission spectrum) of fiber grating is recycled certain points by collimated
Optical element makes it spatially enter CCD spectrometer with the different angles of diffraction.When the wave length shift of fiber grating, CCD is received
Position can also occur to change accordingly, can thus demodulate the central wavelength of fiber grating.The sound of this demodulation method
Answer speed quickly, but the requirement to wherein used optical element is also very high.
In summary:
The method of various bragg grating Wavelength demodulations respectively has an advantage and disadvantage, and user can be according to oneself actual needs
It is selected,
What the present invention was told about here is a kind of completely new optic fiber grating wavelength demodulation method, without carrying out to reflected optical power
Peak-seeking calculates, and is not necessarily to matched FBG, without the device or instrument of additional built-in any comparison, according to Distributed Feedback Laser and reflection
The central wavelength and drift value of fiber grating reflection spectrum line can be calculated in the characteristics of spectrum line.The measurement built in this approach
System easier can realize quasi-distributed measurement.It is easily achieved more diversified collocation, it is easier to meet wanting for various clients
It asks.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as that in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of demodulation method of optic fiber grating wavelength, features
It is:
Laser emitting module launches the two bundle of pulsed laser under different driving electric current, according to the DFB laser measured
The two bundle of pulsed laser wavelength that the electric current of device and the linear relationship of launch wavelength are emitted is (λ1、λ2), pulse laser passes through coupling
Fiber-optic grating sensor is admitted to after clutch or circulator, fiber-optic grating sensor is reflected back the pulse of two beam different capacities at this time
Laser, the pulsed laser power of reflection are (PR(λ1)、PR(λ2)), again by after coupler or circulator by signal acquisition and place
It manages module to receive, photoelectric detector PD converts optical signal into electric signal, and electric signal is finally calculated by computer using processing
Obtaining the slope of the signal of acquisition, primary signal acquisition is completed,
Slope: Slope=[PR(λ2)-PR(λ1)]/(λ2-λ1)
When slope is zero, illustrate that the two o'clock acquired at this time is located at the center two sides of fiber grating spectral line, this static state demodulation shape
The central wavelength lambda of fiber grating spectral line when stateCAre as follows: λC=(λ2+λ1)/2；
When slope is not zero, the two bundle of pulsed laser of identical wavelength difference is issued again, carries out data collection again, so
Repeatedly, until collecting slope and being zero.
As a further improvement of the present invention, laser emitting module is launched the two pulses under different driving electric current and is swashed
Light, the two bundle of pulsed laser wavelength being emitted according to the linear relationship of the electric current of the Distributed Feedback Laser measured and launch wavelength
For (λ1、λ2), pulse laser is admitted to fiber-optic grating sensor after coupler, and fiber-optic grating sensor is reflected back two at this time
The pulse laser of beam different capacity, the pulsed laser power of reflection are (PR(λ1)、PR(λ2)), again by after coupler by signal
Acquisition and processing module receive, and photoelectric detector PD converts optical signal into electric signal, and electric signal is using processing finally by counting
The slope of the signal of acquisition is calculated in calculation machine, and primary signal acquisition is completed,
Slope 1:Slope1=[PR(λ2)-PR(λ1)]/(λ2-λ1)；
It repeats the above steps to obtain slope 2:Slope2=[PR(λ2)’-PR(λ1)’]/(λ2’-λ1')；
When Slope2-Slope1 is zero,
Δ λ=λ2’-λ2=λ1’-λ1,
The central wavelength lambda of fiber grating spectral line when this dynamic demodulationC'=λC+ Δ λ, wherein λCWhen for static demodulation state
The central wavelength of fiber grating spectral line；
When Slope2-Slope1 is not zero, the two bundle of pulsed laser of identical wavelength difference is issued again,
Data collection is carried out again, repeatedly, until collecting identical slope.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the coupler is three-dB coupler.
As a further improvement of the present invention, when slope is positive value, illustrate being averaged for the wavelength of the two o'clock acquired at this time
Value is less than the central wavelength value of fiber grating spectral line, adjusts driving current, and pulse laser wavelength drifts about to long wave；When slope is negative
When value, illustrate that the average value of the wavelength of the two o'clock acquired at this time is greater than the central wavelength value of fiber grating spectral line, adjustment driving electricity
Stream, pulse laser wavelength drift about to shortwave.
As a further improvement of the present invention, when Slope2-Slope1 is positive value, illustrate the Slope2's acquired at this time
The wavelength average value of two o'clock of the wavelength average value of two o'clock less than Slope1, adjusts driving current, and pulse laser wavelength is to long wave
Drift；When Slope2-Slope1 is negative value, illustrate that the wavelength average value of the two o'clock of the Slope2 acquired at this time is greater than Slope1
Two o'clock wavelength average value, adjust driving current, pulse laser wavelength to shortwave drift about.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the laser emitting module includes Distributed Feedback Laser, temperature controller, driving
Circuit.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the fiber-optic grating sensor at least two.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the laser emitting module is at least two.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Optic fiber grating wavelength demodulation method of the present invention is linearly closed according between Distributed Feedback Laser Injection Current and outgoing wavelength
The characteristics of being, the power for the two-beam that the wavelength of two beam short-pulse lasers of Distributed Feedback Laser transmitting and fiber grating are reflected back
The slope value being calculated completes the demodulation to fiber grating signal as judgment basis in this approach.
Optic fiber grating wavelength demodulation method of the present invention breaks through the constraint of traditional demodulation, and the requirement to reflected optical power is compared
It is low, have stronger applicability using the measuring system of this demodulation method system building.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is three big realization modular structure schematic diagrams of optic fiber grating wavelength demodulation method of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the Injection Current of Distributed Feedback Laser of the present invention and the wavelength relationship figure of laser output light；
Fig. 3 is fiber grating when being influenced by the external world, the schematic diagram that reflection configuration drifts about；
Fig. 4 is static demodulation flow chart of the invention；
Fig. 5 is dynamic demodulation flow chart of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Simplified schematic diagram such as Fig. 1 is measured, optic fiber grating wavelength demodulation method of the present invention includes following three big modules, is respectively as follows:
Laser emitting module, Signal sampling and processing module, signal detection and sensing module；
Laser emitting module includes the core components such as Distributed Feedback Laser, temperature controller, driving circuit；DFB:DFB type light hair
Penetrate machine, distributed feed-back (laser)；
Signal sampling and processing module includes the core components such as computer, photodetector, data collecting card；
Signal detection and sensing module include the core components such as optical fiber, coupler, fiber-optic grating sensor；
As shown in Fig. 2,
The present invention has narrow bandwidth, tunable wave length, frequency stability good etc. excellent using DFB distributed feedback laser
Point, the Injection Current of Distributed Feedback Laser will directly affect the refractive index of DFB chip active layer medium, and the refraction of active layer medium
Rate and the resonance frequency of laser are in a linear relationship, therefore, the i.e. changeable laser of Injection Current by changing Distributed Feedback Laser
The wavelength of output light.
The spectral line of the reflection for the Bragg optical-fiber grating sensor that the present invention uses is Gaussian Profile, identical on this spectral line
The slope that any two points of wavelength interval are constituted has uniqueness.Spectral line shape are as follows:
Exp(-4ln2(λ-λ0)2/Δλ2)
In Fig. 3, bold portion is the spectral line before drift, λCThe central wavelength of spectral line is represented, dotted portion is to drift about
Spectral line afterwards has added one later ', expression is another state.
Demodulation can be divided into static demodulation dynamic demodulation: the central wavelength for finding spectral line is that static demodulation (is found oblique
The signal that rate is 0 calculates central wavelength), dynamic demodulation needs front and back comparing calculation to learn.
Embodiment 1:
Static state demodulation:
A kind of demodulation method of optic fiber grating wavelength, laser emitting module launch the two beam arteries and veins under different driving electric current
Impulse light, the two bundle of pulsed laser being emitted according to the linear relationship of the electric current of the Distributed Feedback Laser measured and launch wavelength
Wavelength is (λ1、λ2), pulse laser is admitted to fiber-optic grating sensor after coupler or circulator, and fiber grating passes at this time
Sensor is reflected back the pulse laser of two beam different capacities, and the pulsed laser power of reflection is (PR(λ1)、PR(λ2)), again by coupling
It is received after clutch or circulator by Signal sampling and processing module, photoelectric detector PD converts optical signal into electric signal, telecommunications
Number using processing be finally calculated by computer acquisition signal slope, primary signal acquisition complete,
Slope: Slope=[PR(λ2)-PR(λ1)]/(λ2-λ1)
When slope is zero, illustrate that the two o'clock acquired at this time is located at the center two sides of fiber grating spectral line, this static state demodulation shape
The central wavelength lambda of fiber grating spectral line when stateCAre as follows: λC=(λ2+λ1)/2；
When slope is not zero, the two bundle of pulsed laser of identical wavelength difference is issued again, carries out data collection again, so
Repeatedly, until collected slope is zero.
The slope being calculated by the signal fed back, size only indicate the Position Approximate of the signal of acquisition, are by light
Which part of fine grating spectral line is reflected.It is that the shortwave side of grating spectral line has reflected light when for positive value, when
So, if the interval of two pulse lasers is excessive, it is also possible to which signal acquisition is located at the two sides of fiber grating, but whole meeting
Tend to shortwave side, on the contrary, when being negative value and similar；State when being 0 measures the central wavelength of grating spectral line just.
Embodiment 2:
Dynamic demodulation:
A kind of demodulation method of optic fiber grating wavelength, laser emitting module launch the two beam arteries and veins under different driving electric current
Impulse light, the two bundle of pulsed laser being emitted according to the linear relationship of the electric current of the Distributed Feedback Laser measured and launch wavelength
Wavelength is (λ1、λ2), pulse laser is admitted to fiber-optic grating sensor after coupler, and fiber-optic grating sensor reflects at this time
The pulse laser of two beam different capacities is returned, the pulsed laser power of reflection is (PR(λ1)、PR(λ2)), again by quilt after coupler
Signal sampling and processing module receives, and photoelectric detector PD converts optical signal into electric signal, and electric signal is final using processing
The slope of the signal of acquisition is calculated by computer, primary signal acquisition is completed,
Slope 1:Slope1=[PR(λ2)-PR(λ1)]/(λ2-λ1)；
It repeats the above steps to obtain slope 2:Slope2=[PR(λ2)’-PR(λ1)’]/(λ2’-λ1')；
When Slope2-Slope1 is zero,
Δ λ=λ2’-λ2=λ1’-λ1,
The central wavelength lambda of fiber grating spectral line when this dynamic demodulationC'=λC+ Δ λ, wherein λCWhen for static demodulation state
The central wavelength of fiber grating spectral line；
When Slope2-Slope1 is not zero, the two bundle of pulsed laser of identical wavelength difference is issued again, carries out data again
It collects, repeatedly, until collecting identical slope.
Systematic comparison is that front and back is passed through the signal of feedback twice and is calculated oblique it can be seen from flow chart Fig. 5
The difference of rate needs to adjust driving current so that the short pulse of transmitting swashs at this time when previous slope is greater than this slope afterwards
Light is mobile to shortwave direction, back and forth for several times, until slope difference is 0 twice for front and back, passes through the driving current of front and back twice
Comparison, the drift value of you can get it front and back fiber grating twice.Otherwise it is similar.
Further, optic fiber grating wavelength demodulation method of the invention can be according to the tunable wavelength of Distributed Feedback Laser
The number of sensors of range increase over the same fiber a, i other words laser emitting module can measure multiple optical fiber light simultaneously
Gate sensor needs to predict the range of each sensor if increasing multiple sensors.And a set of measuring system can be with
Increase multiple laser emitting modules, therefore the measuring system of adopting said method can need freely to customize assembling according to client, letter
Folk prescription is just.
The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be said that
Specific implementation of the invention is only limited to these instructions.For those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, exist
Under the premise of not departing from present inventive concept, a number of simple deductions or replacements can also be made, all shall be regarded as belonging to of the invention
Protection scope.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of demodulation method of optic fiber grating wavelength, it is characterised in that:
Laser emitting module launches the two bundle of pulsed laser under different driving electric current, according to the Distributed Feedback Laser measured
The two bundle of pulsed laser wavelength that the linear relationship of electric current and launch wavelength is emitted is λ1、λ2, pulse laser by coupler or
Fiber-optic grating sensor is admitted to after circulator, fiber-optic grating sensor is reflected back the pulse laser of two beam different capacities at this time,
The pulsed laser power of reflection is PR(λ1)、PR(λ2), connect again by after coupler or circulator by Signal sampling and processing module
It receives, photoelectric detector PD converts optical signal into electric signal, and acquisition finally is calculated by computer using processing in electric signal
Signal slope, primary signal acquisition complete,
Slope: Slope=[PR(λ2)-PR(λ1)]/(λ2-λ1)
When slope is zero, illustrate that the two o'clock acquired at this time is located at the center two sides of fiber grating spectral line, when this static demodulation state
The central wavelength lambda of fiber grating spectral lineCAre as follows: λC=(λ2+λ1)/2；
When slope is not zero, the two bundle of pulsed laser of identical wavelength difference is issued again, carries out data collection again, it is so anti-
It is multiple, until collecting slope and being zero.
2. a kind of demodulation method of optic fiber grating wavelength according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Laser emitting module launches the two bundle of pulsed laser under different driving electric current, according to the Distributed Feedback Laser measured
The two bundle of pulsed laser wavelength that the linear relationship of electric current and launch wavelength is emitted is λ1、λ2, pulse laser is after coupler
It is admitted to fiber-optic grating sensor, fiber-optic grating sensor is reflected back the pulse laser of two beam different capacities, the arteries and veins of reflection at this time
Impulse optical power is PR(λ1)、PR(λ2), received again by after coupler by Signal sampling and processing module, photoelectric detector PD
Electric signal is converted optical signal into, the slope of the signal of acquisition is finally calculated using processing by computer for electric signal, just
Secondary signal acquisition is completed,
Slope 1:Slope1=[PR(λ2)-PR(λ1)]/(λ2-λ1)；
It repeats the above steps to obtain slope 2:Slope2=[PR(λ2)’-PR(λ1)’]/(λ2’-λ1')；
When Slope2-Slope1 is zero,
Δ λ=λ2’-λ2=λ1’-λ1,
The central wavelength lambda of fiber grating spectral line when this dynamic demodulationC'=λC+ Δ λ, wherein λCOptical fiber when for static demodulation state
The central wavelength of grating spectral line；
When Slope2-Slope1 is not zero, the two bundle of pulsed laser of identical wavelength difference is issued again, carries out data receipts again
Collection, repeatedly, until collecting identical slope.
3. a kind of demodulation method of optic fiber grating wavelength according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the coupler is
Three-dB coupler.
4. a kind of demodulation method of optic fiber grating wavelength according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: when slope is positive value
When, illustrate that the average value of the wavelength of the two o'clock acquired at this time is less than the central wavelength value of fiber grating spectral line, adjust driving current,
Pulse laser wavelength drifts about to long wave；When slope is negative value, illustrate that the average value of the wavelength of the two o'clock acquired at this time is greater than light
The central wavelength value of fine grating spectral line, adjusts driving current, and pulse laser wavelength drifts about to shortwave.
5. a kind of demodulation method of optic fiber grating wavelength according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: work as Slope2-
When Slope1 is positive value, illustrate that the wavelength of two o'clock of the wavelength average value less than Slope1 of the two o'clock of the Slope2 acquired at this time is flat
Mean value, adjusts driving current, and pulse laser wavelength drifts about to long wave；When Slope2-Slope1 is negative value, illustrate to acquire at this time
Slope2 two o'clock wavelength average value greater than Slope1 two o'clock wavelength average value, adjust driving current, pulse laser
Wavelength drifts about to shortwave.
6. a kind of demodulation method of optic fiber grating wavelength according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the Laser emission mould
Block includes Distributed Feedback Laser, temperature controller and driving circuit.
7. a kind of demodulation method of optic fiber grating wavelength according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the fiber grating passes
Sensor at least two.
8. a kind of demodulation method of optic fiber grating wavelength according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the Laser emission mould
Block is at least two.
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| CN106525097B (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2019-08-13 | 大连艾科科技开发有限公司 | A kind of tunable laser wavelength detecting method and device |
| CN107655506B (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2022-07-15 | 深圳市光比纳通信有限公司 | Fiber grating sensing demodulation device based on microwave frequency mixing technology |
| CN109596570A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-04-09 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of biochemical sensitive system based on Si-based photodetectors |
| CN113310564B (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2024-01-09 | 武汉理工大学 | System and method for measuring vibration parameters and temperature parameters of oil well casing |
| CN113701660B (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2024-06-21 | 欧梯恩智能科技(苏州)有限公司 | Optical sensing demodulation module and optical sensing system |
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| CN1584725A (en) * | 2004-06-12 | 2005-02-23 | 大连理工大学 | Optical fibre grating wavelength demodulating method |
| CN101650509A (en) * | 2009-09-15 | 2010-02-17 | 南京航空航天大学 | Bragg grating high-speed demodulating system based on cascade-connection long period fiber grating |
| CN201903351U (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2011-07-20 | 上海华魏光纤传感技术有限公司 | Demodulation device for dynamic change of fiber bragg grating |
| CN101975594A (en) * | 2010-10-08 | 2011-02-16 | 武汉理工光科股份有限公司 | Distributed realtime fiber bragg grating wavelength demodulating system and method |
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