CN105777864B - 五环三萜-肽缀合物、其制备方法、药物组合物及用途 - Google Patents
五环三萜-肽缀合物、其制备方法、药物组合物及用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105777864B CN105777864B CN201410789419.XA CN201410789419A CN105777864B CN 105777864 B CN105777864 B CN 105777864B CN 201410789419 A CN201410789419 A CN 201410789419A CN 105777864 B CN105777864 B CN 105777864B
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- polypeptide
- peptide conjugate
- pentacyclic triterpene
- pentacyclic
- peptide
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- C07J63/008—Expansion of ring D by one atom, e.g. D homo steroids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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Abstract
本发明属于医药化工领域,涉及五环三萜‑肽缀合物、其制备方法、药物组合物及用途。具体地,所述五环三萜‑肽缀合物如式(Ⅰ)所示。其中XA为五环三萜类化合物或其酯化衍生物;P为2‑50个氨基酸缩合形成的多肽;L为连接臂。本发明的五环三萜‑肽缀合物、其药学上可接受的盐以及药物组合物具有抗菌和抗细菌感染的效果,特别是对革兰氏阳性菌具有明显的抑菌效果。XA‑L‑P(Ⅰ)。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药化工领域,涉及一种五环三萜-肽缀合物、其制备方法、药物组合物及用途。
背景技术
抗菌肽具有广谱杀菌性,能够抵御外界细菌、真菌、原虫和病毒等微生物的侵害,例如1980年瑞典科学家于天蚕蛹中首次发现的抗菌肽。目前,各国科学家已经陆续发现了2000多种不同种类的抗菌肽,虽然这些抗菌肽的氨基酸序列、肽链长度和结构各异,但是不同种类抗菌肽具有以下的共同特性:
(1)抗菌肽由10-50个氨基酸缩合形成;
(2)抗菌肽一般是带2-9个正电荷的阳离子肽;
(3)抗菌肽含有大约50%非极性氨基酸残基,同时兼具亲水性和疏水性。
抗菌肽的阳离子特性及亲水、疏水的两亲特性使抗菌肽得以通过静电相互作用附着于细菌细胞膜表面上的阴离子组分,从而促使疏水基团通过疏水相互作用或范德华力嵌入细菌细胞膜发挥杀菌效力。赖氨酸和精氨酸是抗菌肽构成中使用较为频繁的碱性氨基酸。
五环三萜类化合物种类繁多,具有广泛的药理作用和重要的生物活性,尤其在抗炎抗菌、护肤、抗肿瘤和机体免疫调节方面显示出令人关注的药理特性。比如,1995年Rosenei L.Brum等从蜡烛树((Vochysia divergens)皮中分离提取的五环三萜化合物桦木酸(Betulinic acid)对金葡萄球菌具有抑制作用;2007年G.P.P.Kamatou等由16种南非鼠尾草属中分离提取的齐墩果酸(Oleanolic acid)及熊果酸(Ursolic acid)经活性筛选后表明均具有抗菌活性。
目前尚需具有更好抗菌活性的全新结构的抗菌类化合物。
发明内容
本发明的发明人创造性地将抗菌肽与五环三萜类化合物相结合,设计出了全新结构的缀合物,经活性筛选发现,新化合物具有优异的抗菌活性,最低抑菌浓度甚至能够达到几个μM水平。由此提供了下述发明:
本发明的一个方面提供了式(I)所示的五环三萜-肽缀合物或其药学上可接受的盐,
XA-L-P
(I)
其中,XA为五环三萜类化合物或其酯化衍生物;P为多肽,其长度为2-50个氨基酸,并且含有一个或多个精氨酸和/或赖氨酸;所述多肽的C末端为游离的羧基或者酰胺化;L为连接臂。
本发明的任一实施方式中,所述多肽中精氨酸和/或赖氨酸的含量为≥50%、≥60%、≥70%、≥80%、≥90%或为100%;具体地,所述精氨酸为L-精氨酸;具体地,所述赖氨酸为L-赖氨酸。
本发明的任一实施方式中,多肽长度为2-40个氨基酸、2-30个氨基酸、2-20个氨基酸、2-15个氨基酸、2-12个氨基酸、2-10个氨基酸、2个氨基酸、3个氨基酸、4个氨基酸、5个氨基酸、6个氨基酸、7个氨基酸、8个氨基酸、9个氨基酸或者10个氨基酸。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述多肽为抗菌肽。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述多肽为非抗菌肽。
本发明的任一实施方式中,L为叠氮乙酸;具体地,叠氮乙酸通过羧基与多肽N末端的α-氨基缩合连接,叠氮乙酸的叠氮基与XA的炔基通过铜催化的Husigen环加成反应连接。
本发明的任一实施方式中,所述五环三萜类化合物为桦木酸、齐墩果酸或熊果酸。
本发明的任一实施方式中,所述酯化衍生物为五环三萜类化合物的酯化衍生物;具体地,酯化位点为五环三萜类化合物的3位羟基和/或28位羧基;更具体地,所述酯化衍生物含有炔基;进一步具体地,桦木酸、齐墩果酸和熊果酸的28位羧基进行酯化反应分别得到含炔基的BAo、OAo和UAo(结构式见下面),桦木酸、齐墩果酸和熊果酸的3位羟基进行酯化反应分别得到含炔基的BAc、OAc和UAc(结构式见下面)。
本发明的任一实施方式中,XA选自如下的结构式:
本发明的具体的实施方式中,其选自如下的缀合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
(1)BAc-L-R;
(2)OAc-L-R;
(3)UAc-L-R;
(4)BAo-L-R;
(5)OAo-L-R;
(6)UAo-L-R;
(7)BAc-L-RR;
(8)OAc-L-RR;
(9)UAc-L-RR;
(10)BAo-L-RR;
(11)OAo-L-RR;
(12)UAo-L-RR;
(13)BAc-L-RRR;
(14)OAc-L-RRR;
(15)UAc-L-RRR;
(16)BAo-L-RRR;
(17)OAo-L-RRR;
(18)UAo-L-RRR;
(19)BAc-L-RRRRRR;
(20)OAc-L-RRRRRR;
(21)UAc-L-RRRRRR;
(22)BAo-L-RRRRRR;
(23)OAo-L-RRRRRR;
(24)UAo-L-RRRRRR;
(25)BAc-L-RRRRRRRR;
(26)OAc-L-RRRRRRRR;
(27)UAc-L-RRRRRRRR;
(28)BAo-L-RRRRRRRR;
(29)OAo-L-RRRRRRRR;
(30)UAo-L-RRRRRRRR;
其中,L为叠氮乙酸,R表示L-精氨酸。
上面的缀合物中,RRRRRR表示为SEQ ID NO:1,
RRRRRRRR表示为SEQ ID NO:2。
本发明的另一方面提供了一种药物组合物,包含上面任一项所述的五环三萜-肽缀合物和/或其药学上可接受的盐;任选地,其还包含药学上可接受的辅料。
本发明另一方面提供了所述五环三萜-肽缀合物的制备方法,包括下述步骤:将五环三萜类化合物的酯化衍生物与多肽-叠氮乙酸修饰物在亚铜离子催化下经Husigen环加成反应,得到终产物;其中,所述五环三萜类化合物的酯化衍生物由五环三萜类化合物进行酯化反应制得;所述多肽-叠氮乙酸修饰物由叠氮乙酸通过羧基与多肽N末端的α-氨基缩合连接制得。
不拘于理论的限制,五环三萜类化合物的环内/外都具有双键。采用一般意义上的固相合成法将五环三萜类化合物或以氨基烷酸作连接臂的五环三萜类化合物与肽树脂直接反应时,酸裂解(TFA)条件下五环三萜的双键将移位或者成环,无法形成五环三萜-肽缀合物。而且五环三萜类化合物也无法直接与裂解后的肽树脂进行连接。
本发明任一实施方式中,所述多肽-叠氮乙酸修饰物由如下步骤制得:经Fmoc固相合成得到氨基端裸露的肽树脂,再用叠氮乙酸对裸露的氨基端进行封端;封端后的肽树脂经裂解、纯化得到多肽-叠氮乙酸修饰物。
本发明任一实施方式中,封端时向氨基端裸露的肽树脂中加入叠氮乙酸、HBTU、HOBT及DIEA,室温反应,优选反应1h。
本发明任一实施方式中,裂解时向封端后的肽树脂中加入裂解液,先冰浴反应,再常温反应;优选先冰浴反应30min,再常温反应120min。
本发明任一实施方式中,裂解所用的裂解液由TFA、乙二硫醇、苯甲醚和水组成;优选地,由90%v/v的TFA、5%v/v的乙二硫醇、2.5%v/v的苯甲醚和2.5%v/v的水组成;更优选地,TFA需预先冰浴降温30min或预先存放于冰箱备用。
本发明任一实施方式中,所述纯化采用中压液相色谱法或高压液相色谱法进行;优选地,所用洗脱剂为乙腈、水和少量(0.1%v/v)三氟醋酸。
本发明又一方面提供了所述的五环三萜-肽缀合物或其药学上可接受的盐或者所述的药物组合物在制备抗菌药物或者治疗和/或预防和/或辅助治疗细菌感染或细菌感染所致疾病的药物中的用途;具体地,所述菌或细菌为革兰氏阳性菌;具体地,所述革兰氏阳性菌为选自枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌中的至少一种。
本发明还提供了一种在体内或体外抗菌的方法,包括使用有效量的本发明的五环三萜-肽缀合物或其药学上可接受的盐的步骤;具体地,所述菌为革兰氏阳性菌;更具体地,所述革兰氏阳性菌为选自枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌中的至少一种。
本发明的再一方面涉及一种治疗和/或预防和/或辅助治疗细菌感染或者细菌感染所致疾病的方法,包括使用有效量的本发明的五环三萜-肽缀合物或其药学上可接受的盐的步骤;具体地,所述菌为革兰氏阳性菌;更具体地,所述革兰氏阳性菌为选自枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌中的至少一种。
本发明中,
如果没有特别说明,术语“Fmoc固相合成”是指:本领域常规的9-芴甲氧羰基(Fmoc)固相多肽合成法。
如果没有特别说明,术语“Husigen环加成反应”是指:铜催化的叠氮-炔基Husigen环加成反应(Copper-Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition)。
发明的有益效果
本发明的五环三萜-肽缀合物具有抗菌和抗细菌感染的活性,尤其对于革兰氏阳性菌具有良好的抑菌活性,能够抑制革兰氏阳性菌引发的感染。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,下列实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限定本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
以下为实施例中所使用的英文缩写的全称和中文释义:
Arg(Arginine,R)—精氨酸;
DCM(Dichloromethane)—二氯甲烷;
DMF(N,N-Dimethyl malonate)—二甲基甲酰胺;
ESI-MS(Electronic spray ion mass spectroscopy)—电喷雾质谱;
Fmoc(Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)—9-芴甲氧羰基;
HBTU—2-(1H-1-羟基苯并三唑)-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲六氟磷酸;
HOBT(1-Hydroxylbenzotriazole anhydrous)—1-羟基苯并三氮唑;
DIEA(N,N-Diisopropylethylamine)—N,N-二异丙基乙胺;
DMAP(Dimethylaminopyridine)—4-二甲氨基吡啶;
TBDPSCl(Tert-Butylchlorodiphenylsilane)—叔丁基二苯基氯硅烷;
HPLC(High performance liquid chromatography)—高效液相色谱;
TFA(Trifluoroacetic acid)—三氟乙酸;
DIC(N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide)—N,N'-二异丙基碳二亚胺;
THF(Tetrahydrofuran)—四氢呋喃;
TBAF(Tetrabutylammonium fluoride)—四丁基氟化铵;
MeOH(Methanol)—甲醇;
MIC(Minimum Inhibitory Concentration)—最低抑菌浓度;
MALDI-TOF-MS—基质辅助激光解析-串联飞行时间质谱。
以下实施例使用的固相合成载体Rink酰胺树脂由天津南开合成责任有限公司提供;HBTU、HOBT、DIEA以及Fmoc保护的天然氨基酸由上海吉尔生化公司提供;三氟乙酸(TFA)为北京博迈杰科技有限公司的产品;DMF和DCM为国药集团化学试剂有限公司产品;色谱纯乙腈为Fisher公司产品。其它试剂如无说明均为国产分析纯产品。
下面给出如下30种五环三萜-肽缀合物的制备例:
(1)BAc-L-R;
(2)OAc-L-R;
(3)UAc-L-R;
(4)BAo-L-R;
(5)OAo-L-R;
(6)UAo-L-R;
(7)BAc-L-RR;
(8)OAc-L-RR;
(9)UAc-L-RR;
(10)BAo-L-RR;
(11)OAo-L-RR;
(12)UAo-L-RR;
(13)BAc-L-RRR;
(14)OAc-L-RRR;
(15)UAc-L-RRR;
(16)BAo-L-RRR;
(17)OAo-L-RRR;
(18)UAo-L-RRR;
(19)BAc-L-RRRRRR;
(20)OAc-L-RRRRRR;
(21)UAc-L-RRRRRR;
(22)BAo-L-RRRRRR;
(23)OAo-L-RRRRRR;
(24)UAo-L-RRRRRR;
(25)BAc-L-RRRRRRRR;
(26)OAc-L-RRRRRRRR;
(27)UAc-L-RRRRRRRR;
(28)BAo-L-RRRRRRRR;
(29)OAo-L-RRRRRRRR;
(30)UAo-L-RRRRRRRR;
其中,R表示L-精氨酸。
制备例1:制备五环三萜-肽缀合物(1)
1)五环三萜类化合物BAc的合成
合成路线如下:
i.称取300mg(0.66mmol)化合物1(安耐吉化学)于25mL茄形瓶中,加入2mL干燥DMF进行溶解,充分溶解后在氮气保护下向茄形瓶内依次加入0.11g咪唑、8mgDMAP和0.23mL(0.79mmol)TBDPSCl,80℃回流搅拌过夜。TLC(薄层色谱,Thin Layer chromatography)检测证明反应完全后,加入25mLDCM稀释反应液,所得到的反应液依次用1N盐酸和饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤、无水硫酸钠干燥后,柱层析分离纯化得白色固体(中间体2),收率72%。
中间体2的1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.69(m,4H),7.36(m,6H),4.66(s,1H),4.55(s,1H),3.17(dd,J=11.2,4.76Hz,1H),2.40(m,1H),2.23(m,1H),2.04(m,1H),1.80(m,1H),1.13–1.65(m,32H),0.95(m,9H),0.75(m,8H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ175.21,150.66,135.40,135.25,132.10,129.95,127.66,109.50,78.96,77.32,77.00,76.69,57.73,55.33,50.60,48.93,46.27,42.51,40.69,38.83,37.76,37.15,37.02,34.37,32.38,30.40,29.88,27.96,27.39,27.02,25.54,20.82,19.36,19.30,18.28,16.20,15.85,15.34,14.61。MS calculated for C46H66O3Si,694。LC-MS:695(M+H)。
ii.用3mL干燥DCM溶解0.25g中间体2,依次加入40mgDMAP、0.11g戊炔酸及0.23gDIC,室温搅拌至反应完全后加入25mLDCM稀释,依次用10%w/w柠檬酸、饱和碳酸氢钠溶液及饱和氯化钠溶液各洗涤三遍,然后用无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析分离纯化得到白色固体(中间体3),收率71%。
中间体3的1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.68(m,4H),7.36(m,6H),4.66(s,1H),4.55(s,1H),4.49(m,2H),2.52(m,4H),2.23(m,1H),2.12(m,1H),1.96(m,1H),1.79(m,1H),1.11–1.65(m,37H),0.73–0.94(m,19H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ175.21,171.50,150.62,135.39,135.24,132.08,129.93,127.65,109.54,82.64,81.34,77.31,77.00,76.68,68.99,57.71,55.39,50.48,48.90,46.29,42.50,40.69,38.33,37.80,37.72,37.04,34.28,33.81,32.35,30.38,29.85,27.93,27.01,25.48,23.66,19.33,19.29,18.13,16.50,16.23,15.84,14.57,14.51。MS calculated for C51H70O4Si,774。LC-MS:797(M+Na)。
iii.用5mL干燥THF溶解0.27g(0.34mmol)中间体3后,在氩气保护下加入0.14g(0.52mmol)TBAF,室温搅拌反应1.5h。反应完成后加入15mLDCM得到反应液,将反应液依次用1N盐酸和饱和氯化钠各洗三遍,用无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析分离纯化得到的白色固体产物为BAc,收率80%。
产物4的1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ4.73(s,1H),4.61(s,1H),4.50(m,1H),2.53(m,4H),2.25(m,2H),1.96(m,2H),0.83–1.69(m,41H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ181.75,181.62,171.55,150.38,109.73,82.63,81.33,69.01,56.31,55.34,50.30,49.17,46.90,42.36,40.62,38.33,38.24,37.80,37.05,36.99,34.15,33.79,32.09,30.49,29.63,27.92,25.36,23.65,20.80,19.30,18.10,16.48,16.13,15.97,14.63,14.51。MScalculated for C35H52O4,535。LC-MS:536(M+H)。
2)五环三萜-肽缀合物(1)的合成
a)多肽叠氮乙酸修饰物的固相合成:
将固相合成反应器泡酸、清洗、彻底干燥后加入硅烷化试剂(含10%v/v三甲基氯硅烷的无水甲苯溶液)浸泡过夜。回收硅烷化试剂,并将反应器用无水有机溶剂清洗、干燥备用。
称取Rink Amide树脂2g(0.66mmol/g)置入固相合成反应器中,按如下步骤合成:
①溶胀树脂20分钟(依次用DCM、MeOH和DCM洗涤树脂)→加入含25%v/v哌啶的DMF溶液浸渍树脂以脱除树脂保护基→依次用DMF、MeOH和DCM洗涤树脂→茚三酮试剂检测为阳性(说明树脂上的保护基成功脱除,树脂上的氨基成为裸露状态)
②投入Fmoc保护的天然氨基酸、HBTU、HOBT及DIEA→室温搅拌反应1小时→抽除溶剂→依次用DMF、MeOH和DCM洗涤树脂→茚三酮试剂检测为阴性→加入含25%v/v哌啶的DMF溶液浸渍树脂脱除Fmoc保护基→依次用DMF、MeOH和DCM洗涤树脂→茚三酮试剂检测为阳性→循环上述步骤。
③按步骤②得到一定长度的肽树脂后在氨基末端缩合连接叠氮乙酸,具体步骤如下:
肽树脂中加入含25%v/v哌啶的DMF溶液浸渍肽树脂脱除Fmoc保护基→依次用DMF、MeOH和DCM洗涤树脂→茚三酮试剂检测为阳性→投入叠氮乙酸、HBTU、HOBT及DIEA→室温搅拌反应1小时。
反应结束后,用DMF洗涤肽树脂三遍,用无水甲醇收缩,室温真空干燥。
b)肽树脂的裂解:
将肽树脂放入250mL茄形瓶中,在冰浴、电磁搅拌下,以10mL/g肽树脂的比例加入裂解液。裂解液由90%v/v的TFA、5%v/v的乙二硫醇、2.5%v/v的苯甲醚和2.5%v/v的水组成,TFA需预先冰浴降温30min或预先存放于冰箱备用。加入裂解液冰浴搅拌后树脂变为橙红色,反应30min后撤掉冰浴,室温继续搅拌反应120min后结束。在剧烈搅拌下加入200mL冷乙醚,析出白色沉淀,继续搅拌30min后用G4砂芯抽滤漏斗过滤析出物,再以冷乙醚洗涤三遍、晾干固体,加入双蒸水50mL使固体充分溶解、抽滤,滤液冻干得粗产物1.03g。
所得粗产物用中压液相色谱或高压液相色谱纯化,色谱柱为C8柱,洗脱剂为乙腈、水及少量(0.1%v/v)三氟乙酸。具体操作步骤:称取0.5g粗产物,加水20mL使固体溶解,离心10min(3000r/min)取上清液上样,色谱柱预先用5%乙腈/水/0.1%三氟醋酸溶液(体积百分数)160mL平衡,上样后继续用5%乙腈/水/0.1%三氟醋酸溶液(体积百分数)200mL冲洗,用高效液相色谱检测洗脱液成分,若检测不到多肽-叠氮乙酸修饰物的主峰,则需逐渐升高乙腈含量直至主峰被洗脱出来。合并洗脱液,旋转蒸发去除大部分溶剂,冻干得纯的多肽-叠氮乙酸修饰物,HPLC检测纯度大于95%。
c)化合物制备:
用1mL水溶解15mg多肽叠氮乙酸修饰物,用1mL叔丁醇溶解38mgBAc,将溶解有BAc的叔丁醇溶液加到溶解有肽的水溶液中并加入1mg五水合硫酸铜及1mg抗坏血酸,涡旋后置于超声仪中反应4小时,反应完成后用中压液相色谱或制备型高压液相色谱纯化反应产物,方法如b)中所述,得到BAc-L-R,LC-MS:793.8(M+H)。
制备例2-15:制备五环三萜-肽缀合物(2)-(3)、(7)-(9)、(13)-(15)、(19)-(21)、
(25)-(27)
制备方法参照制备例1。
将化合物1桦木酸替换为齐墩果酸或熊果酸(反应路线相同,相应制备得到OAo或UAo),和/或将肽序列延长至RR、RRR、RRRRRR或RRRRRRRR(按照制备例1的步骤2)中a)的固相合成法实现肽序列的延长)得到五环三萜-肽缀合物(2)-(3)、(7)-(9)、(13)-(15)、(19)-(21)、(25)-(27)。
经确证,
五环三萜-肽缀合物(2)的LC-MS:793.8(M+H);
五环三萜-肽缀合物(13)的LC-MS:1106.3(M+H),1143.5(M+K);
五环三萜-肽缀合物(14)的LC-MS:1106.2(M+H);
五环三萜-肽缀合物(15)的LC-MS:1106.4(M+H),1142.1(M+K)。
制备例16:制备五环三萜-肽缀合物(4)
1)五环三萜类化合物BAo的合成
合成路线如下:
称取0.5g化合物1用10mLDMF溶解,加入0.46g碳酸钾及171μL溴丙炔,室温搅拌反应4小时,TLC(薄层色谱)监测反应。反应完成后过滤除盐,滤液蒸干后柱层析分离纯化,得白色固体产物BAo,收率65%。
产物5的1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ4.65(m,4H),3.17(dd,J=5.04,11.52Hz,1H),3.00(m,1H),2.42(t,J=2.52Hz,1H),2.19(m,2H),1.90(m,2H),0.73–1.67(m,40H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ175.23,150.43,109.64,78.93,74.32,56.54,55.28,51.31,50.50,49.41,46.80,42.33,40.73,38.82,38.65,38.20,37.13,36.76,34.26,31.89,30.44,29.59,27.94,27.34,25.47,20.81,19.33,18.23,16.11,15.96,15.33,14.68。MScalculated for C33H50O3,494。LC-MS:495(M+H)。
2)五环三萜-肽缀合物(4)的合成
和五环三萜-肽缀合物(1)的合成过程相同,只是将BAc更换为BAo使用。
五环三萜-肽缀合物(4)的LC-MS:793.8(M+H)。
制备例17-30:制备五环三萜-肽缀合物(5)-(6)、(10)-(12)、(16)-(18)、(22)-
(24)、(28)-(30)
制备方法参照制备例16。
只是将化合物1桦木酸替换为齐墩果酸或熊果酸(反应路线相同,相应制备得到OAo或UAo),和/或将肽序列延长至RR、RRR、RRRRRR或RRRRRRRR,得到五环三萜-肽缀合物(5)-(6)、(10)-(12)、(16)-(18)、(22)-(24)、(28)-(30)。
经确证,
五环三萜-肽缀合物(16)的LC-MS:1064.5(M+H);
五环三萜-肽缀合物(17)的LC-MS:1064.1(M+H);
五环三萜-肽缀合物(18)的LC-MS:1064.4(M+H);
五环三萜-肽缀合物(28)的MALDI-TOF-MS:1845.9(M+H);
五环三萜-肽缀合物(29)的MALDI-TOF-MS:1845.9(M+H);
五环三萜-肽缀合物(30)的MALDI-TOF-MS:1845.8(M+H)。
实验例1:体外抗菌活性测定
(1)试验用菌
由中国药品生物制品鉴定所提供。
革兰氏阳性菌:枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis,B.subtilis),金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphyloccus aureus,S.aureus),表皮葡萄球菌(Staphyloccus epidermids,S.epidermids),蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus,B.cereus)。
革兰氏阴性菌:大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli,E.coli),绿脓杆菌(Pseudpmonasaeruginosa,P.aeruginosa),粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens,S.marcescens)。
菌液:大肠杆菌甘油悬浮液、绿脓杆菌甘油悬浮液、粘质沙雷氏菌甘油悬浮液、枯草芽孢杆菌甘油悬浮液、金黄色葡萄球菌甘油悬浮液、表皮葡萄球菌甘油悬浮液及蜡样杆菌甘油悬浮液七种菌液,80%(v/v)甘油悬浮液,-80℃保存。
营养肉汤:将3g牛肉膏、10g蛋白胨和5gNaCl用800mL水溶解,用KOH溶液调至pH值为7.2-7.4,加水定容至1000mL,121℃下高压灭菌20-30min。
(2)实验用药
阳性对照:培西加南(pexiganan)
阴性对照:不添加药物的营养肉汤。
样品:将培西加南、桦木酸、齐墩果酸、熊果酸、上述实施例中的N端连有叠氮乙酸的肽(N3-RRR和N3-RRRRRRRR)、五环三萜-肽缀合物(13)-(15)、(16)-(18)、(28)-(30)作样品,称取1mg左右该样品,用无菌注射液配成1mg/mL的溶液作为样品溶液(根据活性适当调整浓度)。
(3)实验方法
严格按照无菌操作要求进行。
a)细菌复苏:
取7个10mL离心管,分别依次加入5mL营养肉汤和2μL菌液,在恒温振荡器内保持37℃孵育18-24h,振荡速度为170-180转/分,得到复苏菌液。
b)铺板:
根据样品个数取适当数量的96孔板(每行12个孔,共8行;Costar3799,CorningIncorporation,USA),先向每孔内加入100μL营养肉汤,再在第一行孔中加入样品溶液,加入量为100μL/孔,每个样品沿同一行重复三个孔,因而第一行孔共配置4个样品(样品中已包括了阳性对照)。之后再用倍数稀释法(逐级稀释法)进行操作,即先将第一行孔内的溶液充分混匀后,用排枪吸取100μL加至第二行孔内混匀,再取第二行孔内溶液100μL加至第三行孔内,以此类推至最后一行,稀释至最后一行后吸取100μL弃去。其中,96孔板右下角的三个孔作为阴性对照只含营养肉汤。
c)加复苏菌液和孵育:
取8mL营养肉汤于10mL离心管中,加入8μL复苏菌液混匀,使复苏菌液稀释至1000倍,将稀释后的复苏菌液加入铺板后的96孔板中(10μL/孔),然后将96孔板置于振荡孵育器中,在37下℃孵育18-24h,振荡速度180转/分。
d)检测:
取出96孔板目测孔内澄清情况,用酶标仪测定各孔的OD600值,并按照下式计算各孔的细菌生长率。对于同一样品,目测孔内澄清、无明显浑浊,并且计算后孔内细菌生长率<50%的最低浓度为该样品的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。
细菌生长率=(OD600样品/OD600阴性对照)×100%
(4)实验结果
结果如下表所示。
由上表结果可知,本发明的五环三萜-肽缀合物对于革兰氏阴性菌无明显抑菌活性,而对于革兰氏阳性菌均显示了良好的抑菌活性,其最小抑菌浓度均在几个微摩尔水平,与阳性对照培西加南相当,并且远优于单独使用相应的五环三萜类化合物或者短肽。
尽管本发明的具体实施方式已经得到详细的描述,本领域技术人员将会理解。根据已经公开的所有教导,可以对那些细节进行各种修改和替换,这些改变均在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的全部范围由所附权利要求及其任何等同物给出。
Claims (21)
2.根据权利要求1所述的五环三萜-肽缀合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于如下的(1)和/或(2)项:
(1)所述多肽的长度为2-10个氨基酸;
(2)L为叠氮乙酸。
3.根据权利要求2所述的五环三萜-肽缀合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中,第(1)项中,所述多肽的长度为2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或者10个氨基酸。
4.根据权利要求2所述的五环三萜-肽缀合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中,第(2)项中,叠氮乙酸通过羧基与多肽N末端的α-氨基缩合连接,叠氮乙酸的叠氮基与XA的炔基通过铜催化的Husigen环加成反应连接。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的五环三萜-肽缀合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其选自如下的缀合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
BAc-L-RR;
OAc-L-RR;
UAc-L-RR;
BAo-L-RR;
OAo-L-RR;
UAo-L-RR;
BAc-L-RRR;
OAc-L-RRR;
UAc-L-RRR;
BAo-L-RRR;
OAo-L-RRR;
UAo-L-RRR;
BAc-L-RRRRRR;
OAc-L-RRRRRR;
UAc-L-RRRRRR;
BAo-L-RRRRRR;
OAo-L-RRRRRR;
UAo-L-RRRRRR;
BAc-L-RRRRRRRR;
OAc-L-RRRRRRRR;
UAc-L-RRRRRRRR;
BAo-L-RRRRRRRR;
OAo-L-RRRRRRRR;
UAo-L-RRRRRRRR;
其中,L为叠氮乙酸,R表示L-精氨酸。
6.一种药物组合物,包含权利要求1至5中任一项所述的五环三萜-肽缀合物和/或其药学上可接受的盐。
7.根据权利要求6所述的药物组合物,其还包含药学上可接受的辅料。
8.制备权利要求1至5中任一项所述五环三萜-肽缀合物的方法,包括下述步骤:
将五环三萜类化合物的酯化物与多肽-叠氮乙酸修饰物在亚铜离子催化下经Husigen环加成反应,得到终产物;
其中,
所述五环三萜类化合物的酯化物由五环三萜类化合物进行酯化反应制得;
所述多肽-叠氮乙酸修饰物由叠氮乙酸通过羧基与多肽N末端的α-氨基缩合连接制得。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,所述多肽-叠氮乙酸修饰物由如下步骤制得:
经Fmoc固相合成得到氨基端裸露的肽树脂,再用叠氮乙酸对裸露的氨基端进行封端;封端后的肽树脂经裂解、纯化得到多肽-叠氮乙酸修饰物。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于如下的(1)-(4)项中的任意一项或者多项:
(1)封端时向氨基端裸露的肽树脂中加入叠氮乙酸、HBTU、HOBT及DIEA,室温反应;
(2)裂解时向封端后的肽树脂中加入裂解液,先冰浴反应,再常温反应;
(3)裂解所用的裂解液由TFA、乙二硫醇、苯甲醚和水组成;
(4)所述纯化采用中压液相色谱法或高压液相色谱法进行。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,第(1)项中,反应1h。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,第(2)项中,先冰浴反应30min,再常温反应120min。
13.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,第(3)项中,裂解液由90%v/v的TFA、5%v/v的乙二硫醇、2.5%v/v的苯甲醚和2.5%v/v的水组成。
14.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,第(3)项中,TFA需预先冰浴降温30min或预先存放于冰箱备用。
15.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,第(4)项中,所用洗脱剂为乙腈、水和三氟醋酸。
16.权利要求1至5中任一项所述的五环三萜-肽缀合物或其药学上可接受的盐或者权利要求6或7所述的药物组合物在制备抗菌药物或者治疗和/或预防和/或辅助治疗细菌感染或细菌感染所致疾病的药物中的用途。
17.根据权利要求16所述的用途,其中,所述菌或细菌为革兰氏阳性菌。
18.根据权利要求17所述的用途,其中,所述革兰氏阳性菌为选自枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌中的至少一种。
19.一种非治疗目的的体外抗菌方法,包括使用有效量的权利要求1至5中任一项所述的五环三萜-肽缀合物或其药学上可接受的盐的步骤。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中,所述菌为革兰氏阳性菌。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中,所述革兰氏阳性菌为选自枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌中的至少一种。
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