CN105738764B - Fault Section Location of Distribution Network based on transient information Whole frequency band - Google Patents
Fault Section Location of Distribution Network based on transient information Whole frequency band Download PDFInfo
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Fault Section Location of Distribution Network based on transient information Whole frequency band, include the following steps：Acquire the fault transient signals of each monitoring point of distribution line；Noise-removed filtering is carried out to fault transient signals, obtains transient state filtering signal；The failure initial phase angle of the transient state filtering signal of distribution line is judged；If failure initial phase angle is zero, transient state filtering signal is decomposed using EMD methods, obtains DC component, and positioned to fault section using DC component；And if failure initial phase angle is non-zero, Whole frequency band subdivision is carried out to transient state filtering signal using adaptive harmonic wavelet packet transform, to determine characteristic spectra, and the extreme value and polarity of wavelet conversion coefficient in characteristic spectra corresponding with each monitoring point are extracted, fault section is positioned.The present invention takes full advantage of the transient state full range information of fault moment, and accurate judgement is carried out to fault section for different earth fault initial phase angles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a power distribution network fault section positioning method based on transient information full frequency band.
Background
With the access of distributed energy and the development of intelligent power distribution network construction, the existing power distribution network fault location technology mainly adopts a protection device in a station or a low-current line selection device to perform line selection or direct protection tripping, then adopts a manual line searching mode to perform fault point location and fault elimination, and because the power distribution network is mainly close to a user side, when a fault point occurs in an area with complex terrain or fault traces are not obvious, the power supply recovery time can be greatly prolonged by means of manual line patrol, and the efficiency is low and does not accord with the development trend of a future power distribution network.
At present, the traveling wave method is quite mature in application of a power transmission line, but compared with the power transmission line, a power distribution network has a large number of T connection wires, the tail end of the power transmission line is mostly a user, and the double-end traveling wave distance measuring device is not suitable for a power distribution network.
In recent years, the power distribution network carries out fault location by installing a fault indicator, and due to the fact that the fault indicator is simple in principle and low in sampling rate, the fault indicator can only be suitable for high-current faults such as interphase short circuit and two-phase grounding, the fault indicator is frequently in false alarm when a line has a single-phase grounding fault, and the probability of the single-phase grounding fault in the power distribution network is highest.
On the basis of realizing low-current line selection, a fault section is further determined, and the inspection range is narrowed, so that the method is a focus of current research.
However, since the single-phase earth fault current is very weak compared with the load current and the earth fault condition is complex, it is difficult to determine the true fault position based on the conventional fault section positioning method of power frequency quantity or harmonic component.
Chinese patent document CN 103454559B discloses a method for locating a single-phase earth fault section of a power distribution network, which includes that terminals installed at multiple positions of a line detect secondary synthesized zero-sequence currents of current transformers at installation positions in real time; when the zero-sequence current amplitude value detected by any terminal exceeds a preset starting value, all terminals immediately and accurately capture zero-sequence current transient state signals of which the zero-sequence current exceeds 1 period before the starting value and 3 periods after the zero-sequence current exceeds the starting value; each terminal analyzes and calculates the zero-sequence current transient signals of 4 periods by using a Prony algorithm, a wavelet packet algorithm, a HHT algorithm and a fractal algorithm, extracts the zero-sequence current characteristic data of each algorithm respectively and uploads the zero-sequence current characteristic data to a main station; and after receiving the zero sequence current characteristic data of each algorithm transmitted by each terminal, the master station determines the number of layers of the BP neural network and the number of input and output neuron nodes of each layer according to the zero sequence current characteristic data extracted by each terminal under each algorithm, and determines the network structure and network parameters of the BP neural network.
The BP neural network is a prediction system, brings convenience to research, an accurate corresponding mechanism between a plurality of zero sequence current characteristic data and a fault section is not required to be given, however, the BP neural network needs a large number of samples for training, and the problem of inaccurate prediction is difficult to eliminate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a power distribution network fault section positioning method based on transient information full frequency band so as to accurately position a fault section.
Therefore, the invention provides a power distribution network fault section positioning method based on transient information full frequency band, which comprises the following steps: collecting fault transient signals of each monitoring point of a distribution line; denoising and filtering the fault transient signal to obtain a transient filtering signal; judging a fault initial phase angle of a transient state filtering signal of the distribution line; if the initial fault phase angle is zero, decomposing the transient state filtering signal by using an EMD method to obtain a direct current component, and positioning a fault section by using the direct current component; and if the initial fault phase angle is nonzero, performing full-band subdivision on the transient filtering signal by using self-adaptive harmonic wavelet packet transformation to determine a characteristic frequency band, extracting extreme values and polarities of wavelet transformation coefficients in the characteristic frequency band corresponding to each monitoring point, and positioning a fault section.
In the method for locating the fault section of the power distribution network, the method further comprises the following steps: and determining the position of a fault point or a fault branch by using transient state filtering signals on two sides of the fault minimum section and adopting a double-end traveling wave method.
In the method for positioning the fault section of the power distribution network, fault transient signals of monitoring points of the power distribution line are acquired by using the measuring terminals, wherein the measuring terminals detect whether the zero sequence voltage of the power distribution line is out of limit in real time, and if the zero sequence voltage is out of limit, 2 cycles before the fault starting time and 4 cycles after the starting time are taken as the fault transient signals.
In the method for positioning the fault section of the power distribution network, the RLS adaptive filter is used for denoising and filtering fault transient signals, wherein two cycles before a fault are used as noise signals, and 4 cycles after a fault point are used as periodic signals.
In the above method for locating a fault section in a power distribution network, "locating a fault section using a dc component" includes: and subtracting the direct current components of every two adjacent monitoring points to find out two adjacent monitoring points with the maximum direct current component difference value, wherein a fault section is formed between the two adjacent monitoring points.
In the method for positioning the fault section of the power distribution network, the method for performing full-band subdivision on the transient filtering signal by using self-adaptive harmonic wavelet packet transformation to determine the characteristic frequency band comprises the following steps of: A) performing J-layer harmonic wavelet packet transformation on the transient filtering signal; B) decomposing each sub-band of the j layer into three sub-bands by generalized harmonic wavelets, wherein the three sub-bands have equal bandwidth, and obtaining 3 multiplied by 2 after decompositionjSub-bands, where J is 0,1,1.6,2,2.6,3, …, J; C) carrying the sub-band to a position between a j +1 layer and a j +2 layer of the harmonic wavelet packet transformation to form new harmonic wavelet packet transformation; D) and calculating the normalized energy of the jth layer and the s-th sub-band energy relative to the sum of all sub-band energies of the jth layer, wherein s is 1,2,3, …, 2J: E) calculating the spectral kurtosis of each sub-band, and F) determining a characteristic frequency band according to the principle of maximum spectral kurtosis.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method fully utilizes transient full-frequency-band information at fault time, and respectively utilizes high-frequency transient capacitive current components and low-frequency attenuation direct current components to judge fault sections aiming at different initial phase angles of the ground fault, provides an accurate corresponding mechanism between a plurality of zero-sequence current characteristic data and the fault sections, and is suitable for being combined with a double-end traveling wave method.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for locating a fault section of a power distribution network based on transient information full frequency band according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power distribution network with a fault zone location method according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an RLS adaptive filter applied in the method for locating a fault section in a power distribution network according to the present invention; and
fig. 4 is a processing method in the power distribution network fault section locating method according to the present invention, in the case that the fault initial phase angle is non-zero.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The invention provides a power distribution network fault section positioning method based on transient information full frequency band, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the method comprises the following steps: step S10 of collecting fault transient signals of each monitoring point of the distribution line; a step S20 of performing denoising and filtering on the fault transient signal to obtain a transient filtered signal; a step S30 of determining a failure initial phase angle of the distribution line; if the fault initial phase angle is nonzero, carrying out full-band subdivision on the transient state filtering signal by utilizing self-adaptive harmonic wavelet packet transformation, determining a characteristic frequency band, then extracting extreme values and polarities of wavelet transformation coefficients in the characteristic frequency band of each monitoring point, and positioning a fault section S40; if the initial fault phase angle is zero, decomposing the transient state filtering signal by using an EMD method to obtain a direct current component, and positioning a fault section by using the direct current component S50; and step S60, using terminal filtering data at two sides of the fault minimum section, adopting double-end traveling wave method Db wavelet transform to calculate the transient traveling wave head time to determine the fault point position or fault branch.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method fully utilizes transient full-frequency-band information at fault time, respectively utilizes high-frequency transient capacitive current components and low-frequency attenuation direct current components to judge fault sections aiming at different initial phase angles of the ground fault, and is suitable for being combined with a double-end traveling wave method.
The invention uses the characteristic quantity (direct current component, extreme value and polarity of wavelet transform coefficient in the characteristic frequency band of each monitoring point) to carry out fault section positioning, and the specific criteria are as follows:
when a small current fault is grounded, the grounding transient current can be expressed by the following conventional formula (1):
the first term on the right side of the equal sign is a grounding current steady-state component which is equal to the difference between steady-state capacitive current and inductive current, and the rest is a grounding current transient-state component which is equal to the sum of capacitance current transient-state component and inductive current transient-state direct-current component.
It can be known from the above formula that when the ground fault occurs at the maximum phase voltage, i.e. pi/2, the transient current is mainly the transient capacitive current, the inductive dc component is close to 0, and when the ground fault occurs near the zero crossing point of the phase voltage, the transient current is mainly the inductive dc component and is close to the maximum value, and the capacitive current is close to zero. Since most faults occur when the phase voltage is at a maximum, there is a small probability that the phase voltage will be zero.
According to the fault characteristics, if the fault of the monitored line occurs at the maximum phase voltage, the fault section can be positioned according to the extreme value and polarity of each wavelet transformation coefficient/module in the characteristic frequency band; and if the fault initial phase angle of the monitored line is zero, decomposing the obtained direct current component of the transient state filtering signal according to an EMD method to position the fault section.
The present invention provides a preferred scheme for implementing the step S10, which specifically includes the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that a distributed high-density sampling terminal is installed on a monitored distribution line and used for collecting three-phase voltage and current signals of the outdoor overhead line, transient state filtering data can be decomposed into zero-mode components and line-mode components through Karenbauer transformation, and zero-sequence current and zero-sequence voltage components are calculated through the following formulas (2) and (3):
real-time detection zero sequence voltage U0If the zero sequence voltage exceeds the zero sequence voltage threshold value, starting transient filtering, wherein the zero sequence voltage threshold value is (0.15 times) the rated voltage of the bus; the starting transient state filtering length is 2 cycles before the fault starting time and 4 cycles after the fault starting time.
the number of (r) to (r) on the line is 10 measurement terminals installed on the line, as shown in fig. 2, three-phase voltage and three-phase current are respectively obtained, each two terminals implement division of a fault section on the fault line, wherein the terminals 3, 4, 6, 7, 9 and 10 are installed at the tail end of the line and are used for capturing fault transient voltage components, and the rest capture fault transient current components.
The invention provides a better scheme for implementing the step S20 to solve the problem that the three-phase current often has various random noises, unbalanced current and other interference factors in the operation process of a power distribution system, and when the resistance of a ground fault is relatively large, the signal-to-noise ratio of the transient component of the fault is low, and the scheme is as follows:
the acquired signals are filtered by using an RLS adaptive filtering algorithm, as shown in fig. 3, wherein two cycles before a fault are taken as noise signals d (k), 4 cycles after a fault point are taken as periodic signals x (k), the filter is designed by using an 8-order transverse FIR filter and is implemented by using one FPGA, an output signal after filtering is y (k), and e (k) is an error signal.
The present invention provides a preferred scheme for implementing the step S40 to perform adaptive harmonic wavelet packet transformation on the acquired fault zero sequence current transient state signal, as shown in fig. 4, the scheme specifically includes the following steps:
s41) performing J-5-layer harmonic wavelet packet transform on the signal, wherein the wavelet basis function adopts a Db8 wavelet function;
s42) decomposing each sub-band of the j-th layer into three sub-bands by using generalized harmonic wavelets, wherein the three sub-bands have equal bandwidth, and obtaining 3 multiplied by 2 after the decompositionjA number of sub-bands;
s43) converting the sub-band into a part between the j +1 th layer and the j +2 th layer of the harmonic wavelet packet conversion to form new harmonic wavelet packet conversion;
s44) calculating the normalized energy γ (j, S) of the jth layer and the S-th sub-band energy relative to the sum of all sub-band energies of the jth layer according to the following formula (4):
whereinIs the jth layer and the s sub-band wavelet coefficient, and N is the length of each sub-band coefficient;
s45), setting a threshold lambda according to the fault transient component characteristics, and calculating the spectral kurtosis of each sub-band according to the following formula (5):
wherein,spectral kurtosis estimated for the jth layer, the s subband;
s46), determining an optimal frequency band FS as a characteristic frequency band according to the principle of maximum spectral kurtosis; and
s47), after the characteristic frequency band is determined, extracting the modulus maximum value and the polarity of the wavelet transformation coefficient in the characteristic frequency band.
The invention provides a better scheme for implementing the step S50, which comprises the following specific steps: decomposing the transient filtering signal by using an EMD method, and calculating and obtaining IMF components and residual components at each frequency according to the following formula (6):
in the above formula rn(t) is the direct current component of the transient signal decomposition;
the invention provides a better scheme for implementing the step S60, which comprises the following specific steps: and (3) calculating the wave head time of the transient traveling wave by using terminal filtering data on two sides of the fault minimum section and adopting a double-end traveling wave method and Db8 wavelet transformation, and further determining the position of a fault point or a fault branch, wherein a double-end traveling wave calculation formula (7) is as follows:
wherein lfIs the distance from the measuring point, l is the distance between two measuring terminals, v1Is the traveling wave transmission speed, t2、t1The moment when the traveling wave arrives at both ends.
The zone location method of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 and 2:
assuming that a fault point is located at an arrow between terminals 5 and 7, a fault initial phase angle is nonzero, zero-sequence currents of the terminals 1,2, 5, 8 and 9 on a fault line are subjected to self-adaptive harmonic wavelet packet transformation processing to determine an optimal fault frequency band, and the polarity after transient component wavelet transformation is calculated as the following table one:
| terminal number | ① | ② | ③ | ⑧ | ⑨ |
| Polarity | + | + | + | — | — |
It can be seen from the above table that the fault point is located on the line between the terminal 2 and the terminal 5, the Db8 wavelet transform is adopted for the transient signals of the terminal 2 and the terminal 5, and the fault point is calculated according to the double-ended traveling wave formula, if the fault point is exactly located at the branch point where the lines of the terminals 5 and 7 and the terminals 5 and 8 meet, the side indicates that the fault point is located on the fault branch, the double-ended traveling wave positioning can be continued by using the measuring terminal installed at the tail end of the branch, and finally the fault point position is found.
The positioning method aims at the condition that the initial phase angle of the fault is non-zero, namely the transient state component of the capacitive zero-sequence current is obvious, when the fault occurs at the moment that the initial phase angle is zero, the section positioning can be carried out according to the direct current component decomposed by EMD, namely the EMD decomposition is carried out on the terminals 1,2, 5, 8 and 9, and the attenuation direct current component r is extractednAnd (t), subtracting every two adjacent terminals to find out the two adjacent terminals with the maximum direct current component difference value, and determining that the line section between the two terminals is the fault section.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A power distribution network fault section positioning method based on transient information full frequency band comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting fault transient signals of each monitoring point of a distribution line;
(2) denoising and filtering the fault transient signal to obtain a transient filtering signal, and the method is characterized by further comprising the following steps of:
(3) judging the fault initial phase angle of the distribution line;
(4) if the initial fault phase angle is zero, decomposing the transient state filtering signal by using an EMD method to obtain a direct current component, and positioning a fault section by using the direct current component; and
(5) and if the fault initial phase angle is nonzero, performing full-band subdivision on the transient state filtering signal by utilizing self-adaptive harmonic wavelet packet transformation to determine a characteristic frequency band, extracting extreme values and polarities of wavelet transformation coefficients in the characteristic frequency band corresponding to each monitoring point, and positioning a fault section.
2. The method for locating fault sections in power distribution networks of claim 1, further comprising, after the step (5), the steps of:
(6) and determining the position of a fault point or a fault branch by using transient state filtering signals on two sides of the fault minimum section and adopting a double-end traveling wave method.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the measurement terminals are used to collect fault transient signals of each monitoring point of the distribution line, wherein each measurement terminal detects whether zero-sequence voltage of the distribution line is out of limit in real time, and if so, 2 cycles before the fault starting time and 4 cycles after the starting time are taken as fault transient signals.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein in step (2), the fault transient signal is denoised and filtered by using an RLS adaptive filter, wherein two cycles before the fault are used as noise signals, and 4 cycles after the fault point are used as periodic signals.
5. The method for locating a fault section in a power distribution network according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), "locating a fault section using the direct current component" includes: and subtracting the direct current components of every two adjacent monitoring points to find out two adjacent monitoring points with the maximum direct current component difference value, wherein a fault section is formed between the two adjacent monitoring points.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (5), "performing full-band subdivision of the transient filtered signal using adaptive harmonic wavelet packet transformation to determine characteristic frequency bands" comprises the steps of:
A) performing J-layer harmonic wavelet packet transformation on the transient filtering signal;
B) decomposing each sub-band of the j layer into three sub-bands by generalized harmonic wavelets, wherein the three sub-bands have equal bandwidth, and obtaining 3 multiplied by 2 after decompositionjSub-bands, where J is 0,1,1.6,2,2.6,3, …, J;
C) the sub-band is substituted between the j +1 layer and the j +2 layer of the harmonic wavelet packet transformation to form new harmonic wavelet packet transformation;
D) calculating the normalized energy of the jth layer and the s-th sub-band energy relative to the sum of all the sub-band energies of the jth layer, wherein s is 1,2,3, …,2J；
E) Computing the spectral kurtosis of each sub-band, an
F) And determining a characteristic frequency band according to the maximum spectral kurtosis principle.
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