CN105724053A - Field cultivation method for toadstools - Google Patents
Field cultivation method for toadstools Download PDFInfo
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- CN105724053A CN105724053A CN201610097010.0A CN201610097010A CN105724053A CN 105724053 A CN105724053 A CN 105724053A CN 201610097010 A CN201610097010 A CN 201610097010A CN 105724053 A CN105724053 A CN 105724053A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a field cultivation method for toadstools. The method comprises the steps of flat tent construction, ridging and sowing, interplanting, irrigation and permeation, field management and harvesting. According to the step of field management, when toadstool primordial grow on ridge faces in spring in the second year and the temperature of the ridge faces reaches 10 DEG C, a second layer of sunshade net is pulled up to be 45-55 cm above the ridge faces; when the temperature is increased to 15-20 DEG C, the second layer of sunshade net is gradually pulled up to be 195-205 cm above the ridge faces, and in the process, a distance is kept between the second layer of sunshade net and a black sunshade net arranged at the top end. According to the step of harvesting, when growth of toadstool entities is finished, the toadstools are harvested according to specifications. The cultivation method can effectively control the toadstool product quality, and improve the toadstool yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to planting edible mushroom technical field, be specifically related to a kind of field production method of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers.
Background technology
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers is also known as Gaster caprae seu Ovis dish, sheep mushroom, Gaster caprae seu Ovis mushroom；Stop up QI rising in reverse order breath with cough for stagnation of QI due to dyspepsia, distension and fullness in the abdomen, expectorant, be edible fungi and the medicinal fungus of a kind of preciousness.Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers was found in 1818, and its structure is similar to cup fungi, and top is that fold is netted, both as individual Nidus Vespae, also like individual Gaster caprae seu Ovis, thus gained the name.
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers is grown in the needle broad-leaf forest mixed forest of height above sea level 70 meters ~ about 3500 meters, is grown on broad-leaf forest ground and roadside, single raw or all living creatures more.Also has the some growth river bank, roadside on poplar forest, orchard, meadow, river shoal, Yushulin, Sophora japonica L. woods and above-mentioned woods limit.Single or grow in flakes, soil property is generally husky alkaline or slightly biased alkalescence.General early March is more to fruiting in May, belongs to medicine and eats general bacterium.
The artificial cultivation method of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers does not have a unified standard and balancing method in the market, and in prior art, adopt builds shed or the method for flat canopy more.Arcuately sunshade is divided into Small plastic shed and big arch shed, and arcuately the planting type of sunshade exists problems, for instance the size of single canopy is easily subject to restriction, in hot transitive set；For building the cultural method of Small plastic shed, there is the feature of small investment, but owing to arcuate structure and the closure of shed are good, so the high situation with anoxia of accumulated temperature can be caused, cause that Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers occurs receiving the result that the mushroom time is short, Fruiting quality is poor in growth course.And Small plastic shed is unfavorable for being manually entered operation and management.
Cultural method for big arch shed, it is easy to be manually entered operation, the too high oxygen deficit problem heavy with product of accumulated temperature of Small plastic shed appearance can also be alleviated, but can not fundamentally solve the problem lowered the temperature with oxygen supply, thus Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers fruiting and quality can not be regulated completely.The cultural method that general flat canopy is built, mostly with high about 1.5 meters, the bamboo stake adopting 3 meters × about 4 meters distances is main, and it is not limited to by single canopy size, the limitation in height of canopy, uses sunshade net to seal.This mode heating surface becomes tip heat transfer, can reach suitably to regulate and reduce the problem of accumulated temperature in canopy, but due to canopy limited height, and seal tight, the flowing that is less beneficial in canopy air, thus affecting the supply to the enough demands of oxygen of the Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers trophophase, is manually entered operation less convenient.Such as disclosed Chinese patent CN103202177A, discloses the cultural method of a kind of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers: step one: field prepares: before sowing, soil is stirred 2-3 time, grand railway carriage or compartment, interval and ditching, railway carriage or compartment face width 90-110, furrow width 30-40, ditch depth 20-30cm；
Step 2: Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers and wheat cultivation: broadcast sowing 75-150Kg mu Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain in face, railway carriage or compartment, then cover lid layer soil 4-6cm；10-20Kg/ mu compound fertilizer is used after watering；Sealing fertilizer broadcasts sowing 2 ~ 5Kg/ mu Semen Tritici aestivi, covered with sunshade net again on face, railway carriage or compartment after 1-10 days, 2-3 day/time is watered；Wherein covering lid layer soil is cover face, railway carriage or compartment after soil during ditching is smashed, and covers Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain；
Step 3: apply Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers growth promoter: after wheat cultivation 35-45 days, face, railway carriage or compartment applies Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers growth promoter 1400-1800 bag/mu；
Step 4: Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers fruiting adopts mushroom field management: shelter from heat or light, water, railway carriage or compartment surface humidity 60-80%, sunshade net raises with the growing height of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers and Semen Tritici aestivi；
Step 5: Semen Tritici aestivi field management: weeding, topdress.
From document disclosed above it can be seen that it is at Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers only covered with sunshade net after seeding and fertilizing, and regulate the height of sunshade net not according to planting environment, temperature so that cultivation is easier to accumulated temperature occur, ventilates worse, the problem that oxygen supply is poor.
In addition, when the shed adopted in prior art or the cultivation of flat canopy, unfavorable owing to temperature, oxygen content, ventilation condition etc. are controlled, it does not have to note the control to Fruiting quality, after making fruiting, the head of mushroom differs too big, generally requires and carry out secondary classification after receiving mushroom.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of field production method of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers, by regulating existing flat canopy cultural method, the parameter in cultivation is precisely controlled so that receiving mushroom constant product quality, single mushroom volume and weight difference is little.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, one embodiment of the present of invention provides a kind of field production method of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers, comprises the following steps:
(1) flat canopy is built: inserting staking out on the soil need out railway carriage or compartment, staking out is evenly distributed on face, railway carriage or compartment, and keeps suitable spacing, then builds the 4 pin sunshade nets that light transmittance is 70% at the top of staking out and surrounding；The sunshade net blow-by of flat canopy surrounding, sunshade net and ground keep the spacing of more than 30 centimetres；
(2) open railway carriage or compartment sowing: use rotary cultivator that the plot in staking out is opened railway carriage or compartment, then gutter or passage are set in face, railway carriage or compartment surrounding, and the height in face, railway carriage or compartment is higher than the height 0.15m ~ 0.2m in gutter or passage；Again ready healthy and strong strain being taken out from strain bag and rubbed to uniformly, then uniform broadcasting is to the face, railway carriage or compartment held successfully, then hook moves, stirs soil and make strain all be covered by soil；
(3) kind of plant between: the HUDOU of Xiang Mian edge plantation plant height 30cm ~ 100cm after planting in the winter time, the nest of HUDOU is from keeping 0.15m ~ 0.2m；
(4) infiltration is irrigated: after sowing, bedding can move up and down the second layer sunshade net regulating terrain clearance on face, railway carriage or compartment, and discharge water and allow moisture penetration keep suitable moisture to face, railway carriage or compartment in passage；On face, railway carriage or compartment, nutrient bag is placed after sowing 10 days ~ 15 days；Nutrient bag is taken away after placing release fertilizer efficiency, and is drawn high by second layer sunshade net to 8cm ~ 12cm above face, railway carriage or compartment, then the irrigation that discharges water makes envelope infiltration be suitable for moisture；
(5) field management: go out the former base of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers in Second Year railway carriage or compartment in spring face length, and when face, the railway carriage or compartment soil moisture reaches 10 DEG C, second layer sunshade net is drawn high to 45cm ~ 55cm above face, railway carriage or compartment；When temperature rises to 15 DEG C, second layer sunshade net is drawn high to 95cm ~ 105cm above face, railway carriage or compartment；When temperature rises to 18 DEG C, second layer sunshade net is drawn high to 145cm ~ 155cm above face, railway carriage or compartment；When temperature rises to 20 DEG C, second layer sunshade net is drawn high to 195cm ~ 205cm above face, railway carriage or compartment；Spacing is kept in the process between second layer sunshade net and ground floor black sunshade net；
(6) bacterium is received: when Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore is gathered according to specification after growing.
One of optimal enforcement scheme of the present invention, staking out is concrete column, bamboo stake or is numbered the coating steel pipe of No. 25, is highly more than 2.5m on the ground, and distribution spacing is 4m × 6m.
One of optimal enforcement scheme of the present invention, the width in face, railway carriage or compartment is 0.8m, gutter or channel width is 0.4m.
One of optimal enforcement scheme of the present invention, ground floor sunshade net is 4 pin sunshade nets, and described second layer sunshade net is 3 pin sunshade nets.
One of optimal enforcement scheme of the present invention, face, railway carriage or compartment is placed with three row's nutrient bags, and often row's nutrient bag is spaced apart 60cm ~ 70cm.
One of optimal enforcement scheme of the present invention, fertilizer efficiency release time of nutrient bag is 40 days.
In sum, the invention have the advantages that
1, the present invention scaffolding mode by innovating, adopt Multilayer Network pattern, it is easy to control the width of irrigation canals and ditches under the sowing height in face, railway carriage or compartment and width, increase railway carriage or compartment and is beneficial to mechanized operation and manual operation, and alleviate high and anoxia the defect of accumulated temperature in canopy and cause adopting bacterium phase short problem.
2, the present invention by regulating the height of second layer sunshade net in different soils growing temperatures situation, to reach to regulate the growth of face, railway carriage or compartment weeds, regulate the purpose of canopy iuuminting rate and temperature, growth for Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers provides a stable growing environment and temperature environment, making Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers increase production, product quality is homogeneous.
3, the present invention is by catch cropping with season crop, utilizes the plant height of HUDOU to make up the gap of reserved 0.3 meter of outer layer limit net, reaches to regulate the effect of canopy iuuminting rate and oxygen content；Utilize the effect of the root nodule bacteria fixed nitrogen of HUDOU, for the green nitrogenous source that the growth offer of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers is sufficient；The HUDOU of suitable density can play the effect of soil moisturizing；Utilize its biological nature to provide biological nitrogen fertilizer for Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers, the environment that shades, regulate humidity and increase oxygen supply purpose, make Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers increase production.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
A kind of field production method of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers, comprises the following steps:
The first step: build flat canopy
Using length is the concrete stake of 3 meters, or the coating steel pipe that length is 3 meters or bamboo stake that length is 3 meters, makes an aperture or welding " T " font tingle at top, in order to fixed shading net.Then according to the degree of depth of 0.5 meter injects stake in soil, more than ground, stake is long 2.5 meters.Stake directly stuck with whole plot according to the spacing of 4 meters × 6 meters.The self-locking nylon of 4 pin black sunshade net specification 24 × 150mm that light transmittance is 70% is pricked and pure secures it in below cross grid and the top of stake, until whole plot is all covered by sunshade net, make a circle 4 pin sunshade nets moving up and down on the stake of plot surrounding.
Second step, open railway carriage or compartment sowing
The width of the degree of depth of rotary cultivator adjustment 0.15 to 0.2 meter, 0.8 meter being carried out farming and opens railway carriage or compartment, the width of reserved 0.4 meter uses as passage or gutter so that the railway carriage or compartment face width for sowing is 0.8 meter, is highly 0.15 to 0.2 meter；Sidewalk or draining furrow width 0.4 meter, lower than 0.15 to 0.2 meter of face, railway carriage or compartment of sowing.Then ready healthy and strong strain being taken out from strain bag and rubbed to Homogeneous phase mixing, then uniform broadcasting is to the face, railway carriage or compartment held successfully, re-uses multiple tooth rake and hooks back and forth and make soil that strain is all covered.
3rd step, a kind of plant
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers is sowed in the winter time, it is possible to select at the beginning of November, at edge, face, railway carriage or compartment 0.8 meter wide, according to the nest of 0.15 meter from sowing HUDOU.Due to HUDOU plant height 30-100 centimetre, so the growth of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers can be played the effect shaded；Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers growth can be played the sources of nitrogen regulated in bio-diversity air by the root nodule bacteria of its root, due to resistance to-4 DEG C of low temperature of HUDOU, but fear summer-heat, the preference temperature of its germination is 16 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, and minimum temperature is 3 DEG C ~ 4 DEG C.Phase of blossoming and bearing fruit requires 16 DEG C ~ 22 DEG C.And morchella is in the wet mushroom of low temperature happiness, at ground temperature lower than 0 DEG C without being freezed to death；Its mycelial growth preference temperature is 10 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, and the temperature of fruit-body formation and growth is 4.4 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C, and temperature just stops mushroom bulk-growths higher than 25 DEG C.Therefore when results Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers, HUDOU has grown up to strain, the plant height of 30 ~ 100 centimetres is enough to block the sunlight that the gap institute transmission on 0.3 meter of ground of net sunshade net distance, limit is come in, reaching Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers is shaded and the effect of oxygen supply, suitable hidden degree and oxygen supply can make Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers maintain the high commodity value shape growth of " the long cap of short handle ".So having certain scientific basis at sowing Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers of same period and HUDOU, there is significantly high feasibility.
4th step, irrigation infiltration
Sowing Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain after, be laid on face, 3 railway carriage or compartments with the 3 pin black sunshade nets that width is 4 meters, then discharge water basin irrigation until whole envelope infiltration water.This scaffolding pattern is by the limitation of single canopy size, and the inner space of canopy is big, and permeability is good, and favorably convenient machinery farming construction in canopy, facilitates staff to come in and go out sunshade, is conducive to rifle to grab the seasonal sowing time.Simultaneously can lift the mode of second layer sunshade net and periphery sunshade net according to temperature Change and regulate temperature of shed and humidity extends the plucking cycle of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers, reach to strengthen Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers quality, make the effect that Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers increases production.
Opened, at after planting 10 ~ 15 days, the sunshade net being layered on face, railway carriage or compartment, discharge three row's nutrient bags in sowing face, railway carriage or compartment according to the spacing of 60 to 70 centimetres, then continue to cover with sunshade net.After releasing nutrients bag about about 40 days, open sunshade net, take nutrient bag away；Then with white plastic bale ties, second layer sunshade net is fixed on pillar, make sunshade net distance face, railway carriage or compartment beeline be 10 centimetres, then discharge water basin irrigation until whole envelope infiltration water.Shorter distance can suppress the weed growth in soil, and time to prevent fruiting, too much weeds can suppress the growth of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers, and then improves the yield of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers.
5th step: field management
When Second Year spring, it was observed that time sowing face, railway carriage or compartment starts to grow former base, plug thermometer on earth's surface, if temperature rises to 10 DEG C, namely second layer sunshade net being raised to distance face, railway carriage or compartment beeline is 0.5 meter of；If temperature rises to 15 DEG C, namely second layer sunshade net being raised to distance face, railway carriage or compartment beeline is 1 meter of；If temperature rises to 18 DEG C, namely second layer sunshade net being raised to distance face, railway carriage or compartment beeline is 1.5 meters of；If temperature rises to 20 DEG C, namely second layer sunshade net being raised to distance face, railway carriage or compartment beeline is 2 meters of；Along with the rising of temperature, the height of lifting second layer sunshade net gradually, make one thermal insulation layer of formation between second layer sunshade net and top layer sunshade net, to reduce railway carriage or compartment surface temperature, make Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers be maintained at a suitable growth temperature range.
6th step: receive bacterium
When Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore is gathered according to specification after growing.
Embodiment 2
A kind of field production method of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers, comprises the following steps:
The first step: build flat canopy
Using length is the concrete stake of 3 meters, or the coating steel pipe that length is 3 meters or bamboo stake that length is 3 meters, makes an aperture or welding " T " font tingle at top, in order to fixed shading net.Then according to the degree of depth of 0.5 meter injects stake in soil, more than ground, stake is long 2.5 meters.Stake directly stuck with whole plot according to the spacing of 4 meters × 6 meters.Being pricked the self-locking nylon of ground floor 4 pin black sunshade net specification 24 × 150mm and pure secure it in below cross grid and the top of stake, until whole plot is all covered by sunshade net, make a circle 4 pin sunshade nets moving up and down on the stake of plot surrounding.
Second step, open railway carriage or compartment sowing
The width of the degree of depth of rotary cultivator adjustment 0.15 to 0.2 meter, 0.8 meter being carried out farming and opens railway carriage or compartment, the width of reserved 0.4 meter uses as passage or gutter so that the railway carriage or compartment face width for sowing is 0.8 meter, is highly 0.15 to 0.2 meter；Sidewalk or draining furrow width 0.4 meter, lower than 0.15 to 0.2 meter of face, railway carriage or compartment of sowing.Then ready healthy and strong strain being taken out from strain bag and rubbed to Homogeneous phase mixing, then uniform broadcasting is to the face, railway carriage or compartment held successfully, re-uses multiple tooth rake and hooks back and forth and make soil that strain is all covered.
3rd step, a kind of plant
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers is sowed in the winter time, it is possible to select in November Mo, at edge, face, railway carriage or compartment 0.8 meter wide, according to the nest of 0.2 meter from sowing HUDOU.Due to HUDOU plant height 30-100 centimetre, so the growth of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers can be played the effect shaded；Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers growth can be played the sources of nitrogen regulated in bio-diversity air by the root nodule bacteria of its root, due to resistance to-4 DEG C of low temperature of HUDOU, but fear summer-heat, the preference temperature of its germination is 16 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, and minimum temperature is 3 DEG C ~ 4 DEG C.Phase of blossoming and bearing fruit requires 16 DEG C ~ 22 DEG C.And morchella is in the wet mushroom of low temperature happiness, at ground temperature lower than 0 DEG C without being freezed to death；Its mycelial growth preference temperature is 10 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, and the temperature of fruit-body formation and growth is 4.4 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C, and temperature just stops mushroom bulk-growths higher than 25 DEG C.Therefore when results Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers, HUDOU has grown up to strain, the plant height of 30 ~ 100 centimetres is enough to block the sunlight that the gap institute transmission on 0.3 meter of ground of net sunshade net distance, limit is come in, reaching Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers is shaded and the effect of oxygen supply, suitable hidden degree and oxygen supply can make Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers maintain the high commodity value shape growth of " the long cap of short handle ".So having certain scientific basis at sowing Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers of same period and HUDOU, there is significantly high feasibility.
4th step, irrigation infiltration
Sowing Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain after, be laid on face, 3 railway carriage or compartments with the 3 pin black sunshade nets that width is 4 meters, then discharge water basin irrigation until whole envelope infiltration water.This scaffolding pattern is by the limitation of single canopy size, and the inner space of canopy is big, and permeability is good, and favorably convenient machinery farming construction in canopy, facilitates staff to come in and go out sunshade, is conducive to rifle to grab the seasonal sowing time.Simultaneously can lift the mode of second layer sunshade net and periphery sunshade net according to temperature Change and regulate temperature of shed and humidity extends the plucking cycle of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers, reach to strengthen Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers quality, make the effect that Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers increases production.
Opening, at after planting 13 ~ 15 days, the sunshade net being layered on face, railway carriage or compartment, discharge three row's nutrient bags in sowing face, railway carriage or compartment according to the spacing of 60 to 70 centimetres and sprinkling mass fraction is the ethylmaltol of 1%, every mu of ground sprays 6kg and is advisable, and then continues to cover with sunshade net.After releasing nutrients bag about about 40 days, open sunshade net, take nutrient bag away；Then with white plastic bale ties, second layer sunshade net is fixed on pillar, make sunshade net distance face, railway carriage or compartment beeline be 10 centimetres, then discharge water basin irrigation until whole envelope infiltration water.Shorter distance can suppress the weed growth in soil, and time to prevent fruiting, too much weeds can suppress the growth of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers, and the yield that improves comparing embodiment 1 Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers after simultaneously spraying ethylmaltol has significant difference.
5th step: field management
When Second Year spring, it was observed that time sowing face, railway carriage or compartment starts to grow former base, plug thermometer on earth's surface, if temperature rises to 10 DEG C, namely second layer sunshade net being raised to distance face, railway carriage or compartment beeline is 0.5 meter of；If temperature rises to 15 DEG C, namely second layer sunshade net being raised to distance face, railway carriage or compartment beeline is 1 meter of；If temperature rises to 18 DEG C, namely second layer sunshade net being raised to distance face, railway carriage or compartment beeline is 1.5 meters of；If temperature rises to 20 DEG C, namely second layer sunshade net being raised to distance face, railway carriage or compartment beeline is 2 meters of；Along with the rising of temperature, the height of lifting second layer sunshade net gradually, make one thermal insulation layer of formation between second layer sunshade net and top layer sunshade net, to reduce railway carriage or compartment surface temperature, make Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers be maintained at a suitable growth temperature range.
6th step: receive bacterium
When Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore is gathered according to specification after growing.
Embodiment 3: adopt monolayer black sunshade net to build the cultural method of flat canopy
A kind of field production method of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers, comprises the following steps:
The first step: build flat canopy
Second step, open railway carriage or compartment sowing
3rd step, a kind of plant
4th step, irrigation infiltration
Sowing Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers strain after, be laid on face, 3 railway carriage or compartments with the 3 pin black sunshade nets that width is 4 meters, then discharge water basin irrigation until whole envelope infiltration water.
Opened, at after planting 12 ~ 15 days, the sunshade net being layered on face, railway carriage or compartment, discharge three row's nutrient bags in sowing face, railway carriage or compartment according to the spacing of 65 to 70 centimetres, then continue to cover with sunshade net.After releasing nutrients bag about about 40 days, open sunshade net, take nutrient bag away；Then with white plastic bale ties, black sunshade net is fixed on pillar, make sunshade net distance face, railway carriage or compartment beeline be 10 centimetres, then discharge water basin irrigation until whole envelope infiltration water.
5th step: field management
Sunshade net raises with the growing height of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers and HUDOU, it is simple to the growth of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers and Semen Tritici aestivi and personnel can enter in sunshade net and adopt mushroom and management.Controlling air humidity is 83% ~ 88%, and soil moisture is 85% ~ 90%, and temperature is 22 ~ 25 DEG C；During fruiting, air humidity is 60% ~ 70%, and soil moisture is 75% ~ 80%, and temperature is less than 28 DEG C.
6th step: receive bacterium
When Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore is gathered according to specification after growing.
Embodiment 3 is with reference to the method used in embodiment 1 and flow process in the first step process with the 4th step, and the flat canopy built in embodiment 3 only includes monolayer sunshade net, simultaneously major control temperature and air humidity in field management process.The embodiment of the present invention 1 is compared with embodiment 3, the present invention adopts double-layered sunshade net, and the position of sunshade net is regulated according to the temperature in field, and then reach optimum growth conditions in Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers different growing stage process, so that the product of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers improves, especially, the mass discrepancy of the single mushroom of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers of the present invention is less, greatly reduces the workload needing classification after embodiment 3 adopts bacterium.
Claims (6)
1. a field production method for Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers, comprises the following steps:
(1) flat canopy is built: inserting staking out on the soil need out railway carriage or compartment, staking out is evenly distributed on face, railway carriage or compartment, and keeps suitable spacing, then builds the 4 pin sunshade nets that light transmittance is 70% at the top of staking out and surrounding；The sunshade net blow-by of flat canopy surrounding, sunshade net and ground keep the spacing of more than 30 centimetres；
(2) open railway carriage or compartment sowing: use rotary cultivator that the plot in staking out is opened railway carriage or compartment, then gutter or passage are set in face, railway carriage or compartment surrounding, and the height in face, railway carriage or compartment is higher than the height 0.15m ~ 0.2m in gutter or passage；Again ready healthy and strong strain being taken out from strain bag and rubbed to uniformly, then uniform broadcasting is to the face, railway carriage or compartment held successfully, then hook moves, stirs soil and make strain all be covered by soil；
(3) kind of plant between: the HUDOU of Xiang Mian edge plantation plant height 30cm ~ 100cm after planting in the winter time, the nest of HUDOU is from keeping 0.15m ~ 0.2m；
(4) infiltration is irrigated: after sowing, bedding can move up and down the second layer sunshade net regulating terrain clearance on face, railway carriage or compartment, and discharge water and allow moisture penetration keep suitable moisture to face, railway carriage or compartment in passage；On face, railway carriage or compartment, nutrient bag is placed after sowing 10 days ~ 15 days；Nutrient bag is taken away after placing release fertilizer efficiency, and is drawn high by second layer sunshade net to 8cm ~ 12cm above face, railway carriage or compartment, then the irrigation that discharges water makes envelope infiltration be suitable for moisture；
(5) field management: go out the former base of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers in Second Year railway carriage or compartment in spring face length, and when face, the railway carriage or compartment soil moisture reaches 10 DEG C, second layer sunshade net is drawn high to 45cm ~ 55cm above face, railway carriage or compartment；When temperature rises to 15 DEG C, second layer sunshade net is drawn high to 95cm ~ 105cm above face, railway carriage or compartment；When temperature rises to 18 DEG C, second layer sunshade net is drawn high to 145cm ~ 155cm above face, railway carriage or compartment；When temperature rises to 20 DEG C, second layer sunshade net is drawn high to 195cm ~ 205cm above face, railway carriage or compartment；Spacing is kept in the process between second layer sunshade net and ground floor black sunshade net；
(6) bacterium is received: when Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore is gathered according to specification after growing.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that: described staking out is concrete column, bamboo stake or is numbered the coating steel pipe of No. 25, is highly more than 2.5m on the ground, and distribution spacing is 4m × 6m.
3. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that: the width in face, described railway carriage or compartment is 0.8m, gutter or channel width is 0.4m.
4. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that: described ground floor sunshade net is 4 pin sunshade nets, and described second layer sunshade net is 3 pin sunshade nets.
5. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that: face, described railway carriage or compartment is placed with three row's nutrient bags, and often row's nutrient bag is spaced apart 60cm ~ 70cm.
6. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that: fertilizer efficiency release time of described nutrient bag is 40 days.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610097010.0A CN105724053B (en) | 2016-02-23 | 2016-02-23 | A kind of field production method of hickory chick |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106258485A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2017-01-04 | 甘肃民族师范学院 | A kind of high altitudes and cold area efficient implantation methods of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers |
| CN106358755A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-01 | 湖北山友特色农业有限责任公司 | Interplanting cultivation method of lentinula edodes, morchella vulgarises and kudzuvine roots |
| CN107311719A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-11-03 | 安徽诺亚农业有限公司 | A kind of greenhouse gardening method of hickory chick |
| CN108323374A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-07-27 | 四川述吉农业发展有限公司 | A kind of hickory chick implantation methods |
| CN108522139A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-09-14 | 赵金亮 | A kind of efficient implantation methods of brooder hickory chick |
| CN108934757A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-07 | 贵州健丰农业发展有限公司 | A kind of artificial hickory chick outdoor planting method |
| CN109348987A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-02-19 | 汤阴森奇生物技术有限公司 | A kind of method that trench digging wave cultivation hickory chick is exempted from crop field |
| CN111133954A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-05-12 | 德令哈伊明农牧有限公司 | Ecological comprehensive utilization method of safflower seed shells |
| CN118303285A (en) * | 2024-04-19 | 2024-07-09 | 中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所 | High-yield cultivation method of sphagna |
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| CN115250828A (en) * | 2022-08-27 | 2022-11-01 | 临漳县普佳食用菌专业合作社 | Morchella multi-crop secondary cooling room production method |
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| CN106258485A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2017-01-04 | 甘肃民族师范学院 | A kind of high altitudes and cold area efficient implantation methods of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers |
| CN106358755A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-01 | 湖北山友特色农业有限责任公司 | Interplanting cultivation method of lentinula edodes, morchella vulgarises and kudzuvine roots |
| CN107311719A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-11-03 | 安徽诺亚农业有限公司 | A kind of greenhouse gardening method of hickory chick |
| CN107311719B (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2018-07-20 | 安徽诺亚农业有限公司 | A kind of greenhouse gardening method of hickory chick |
| CN108323374A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-07-27 | 四川述吉农业发展有限公司 | A kind of hickory chick implantation methods |
| CN108522139A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-09-14 | 赵金亮 | A kind of efficient implantation methods of brooder hickory chick |
| CN108934757A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-07 | 贵州健丰农业发展有限公司 | A kind of artificial hickory chick outdoor planting method |
| CN109348987A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-02-19 | 汤阴森奇生物技术有限公司 | A kind of method that trench digging wave cultivation hickory chick is exempted from crop field |
| CN111133954A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-05-12 | 德令哈伊明农牧有限公司 | Ecological comprehensive utilization method of safflower seed shells |
| CN118303285A (en) * | 2024-04-19 | 2024-07-09 | 中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所 | High-yield cultivation method of sphagna |
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