It is a kind of to contain energy cavity liner using micro-nano thermite as material
Technical field
The invention belongs to cavity liner technical field, is related to a kind of cavity liner being made up of aluminothermy class energetic material.The present invention
It is described containing can cavity liner not only there is high security feature, and have very high energy density, moderate reaction speed and
Higher mechanical property, it can be applied to efficiently injure field.
Background technology
With the development of modern military industrial technology, all kinds of reactive armor guard technologies have obtained further raising, to broken at present
Selection, structure and the manufacturing process of first bullet cavity liner propose acid test.The jet that traditional inertia property of medicine cover is formed exists
Aftereffect deficiency after penetration target, it is impossible to which enough effective strikes are carried out to enemy's target.Under the premise of this, it is switched on both at home and abroad
The research of active cavity liner (i.e. the cavity liner containing energy).So-called " activity ", the material for referring to manufacture cavity liner is no longer entirely inertia
Metal material, and be utilized in the active material that a large amount of chemical energy can be discharged in Penetration.Traditional cavity liner, such as apply
Most wide copper cover, it is to realize broken first by mechanical force, a perforation can only be formed in plate armour, strike effect is limited.Activity
Cavity liner is then while ensureing that mechanical force breaks first (perforating), moreover it is possible to discharges a large amount of chemical energy to aid in brokenly first, significantly
Increase damage effectiveness (such as effect of setting on fire after increase holes diameter, and broken first etc.).Therefore, Types of Medicine are manufactured with active material
Cover, is a new direction of current cavity liner development, but studies also very limited.
Foreign countries have carried out the research of active cavity liner already, but extremely maintain secrecy, and are only capable of finding US military at present 2001
One meeting paper (E.L. Baker, A.S. Daniels, K.W. Ng, etc. Barnie in year: A Unitary
Demolition Warhead[C]. 19th International Symposium of Ballistics, 7–11 May
2001, Interlaken, Switzerland, 569-574.).The paper reports the unitary of a kind of entitled " Barnie " to contain
Energy cavity liner, the cavity liner are made up of some unknown materials, and play can occur during penetration target for the jet formed
Strong chemical reaction, substantial amounts of heat and gas are generated, produces subsequent explosion effect, and be successfully applied to stone matter and concrete
Target.From the point of view of experiment process and result, the material for manufacturing the cavity liner should be a kind of larger compound material containing energy of density
Material.
The domestic research for active cavity liner starts to walk very late, the document of some common simulations early stage and theoretical calculation, closely
Just there is within 2 years the research on manufacturing and testing on a small quantity.Such as, Zhang Zimin etc. (study by active metal medicine type cover perforating bullet armor-penetrating test
[J] explosives, 2013,42 (4):53-56.) report a kind of formula of active metal medicine type cover perforating bullet, prepare
And armor-penetrating test research, using the mixture of aluminium powder (Al) and nickel powder (Ni) as active component, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (PTFE) is viscous
Agent is tied, the purpose of increase damage effectiveness is reached using alloying reaction (Al+Ni → AlNi) heat release between Al and Ni.But should
Reaction thermal discharge very little (1.38kJ/g) thermodynamically, chemical reaction free energy it is higher (Δ G at 1000 DEG C=-
101.95kJ/mol), therefore it is not the exothermic reaction of a self- propagating.As can be seen that and inertia cover from its experiment effect
Compare, the raising of its damage effectiveness is simultaneously little, and effect of not setting on fire.Strictly speaking, Al-Ni mixtures can only be referred to as active material
Material, rather than energetic material.In addition, as binding agent the mechanical property of cavity liner can be caused to be deteriorated using PTFE.
Xin Chunliang etc. (active cavity liner beehive-shaped charge bullet damage effect research [J] war industry's journal, 2014,35
(Suppl.2):A kind of active cavity liner 217-220.) is reported, and test it injures performance.Its cavity liner formula is
Al-PTFE systems, the system are a kind of relatively low systems containing energy of heat release, and shortcoming is the small (~2.2g/cm of cavity liner density3), machine
Tool low intensity, formula oxygen balance are not easy to grasp.Particularly polymer P TFE mass fraction reaches 70% in its formula, certainly will incite somebody to action
Have a strong impact on the mechanical property of cavity liner;Also, PTFE powder is a kind of polymer powder, it is difficult production during explosion driving
Raw high intensity jet.In addition, the cavity liner is that blank is made using sintering process, finally it is machined into.Although this method
It is suitable for the shaping of inert powder cavity liner, but is not suitable for the shaping of the cavity liner containing energy, because sintering process is to energetic material
For it is extremely dangerous, be added significantly to prepare danger.
Nanometer aluminium powder is applied to energetic material as high-energy fuel, has been demonstrated that the combustion of energetic material can be significantly improved
Burn performance.It can improve the HRR in condensed phase due to its high rate of heat release, therefore the energetic material containing nanometer aluminium powder
With higher heat flux, cause tens times or even hundreds of times that its combustion intensity is traditional micro materials.Due to nanometer aluminium powder
With larger specific surface area (> 50m2/ g), compared with common aluminium powder, the thermal oxidation process of nanometer aluminium powder has low-down
Reaction activity, reacting initial temperature is caused significantly to shift to an earlier date and light a fire easily.For example, traditional bulky grain Al-Fe2O3Thermite
Reaction activity (Ea) it is about 500kJ/mol, reacting initial temperature (T 0 ) it is about 950 DEG C;And the Al- being made up of Al Nanoparticles
Fe2O3ThermiteEa≈ 300kJ/mol,T 0 ≈550℃.Therefore, the granularity of aluminium powder is decreased to nanoscale, in dynamics side
Combustion reaction in face of thermite has the effect of greatly facilitating.But in the data that can be retrieved at present, by nanometer aluminium powder
Apply in shaped charge material that there is not been reported.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of using micro-nano thermite as material cavity liner containing energy, to improve property of medicine cover institute
Aftereffect of the jet of formation after penetration target, effectively strike enough is carried out to enemy's target.
The cavity liner of the present invention containing energy is obtained by the raw material mixing compacting of following weight/mass percentage composition:Aluminium powder 15~
35%th, metal oxide 55~80%, ferrocene 1~5%, binding agent 1~8%.
Wherein, described metal oxide is α-Fe2O3、γ-Fe2O3、Fe3O4、CuO、MnO2、Cr2O3、SnO2、PbO2、
Pb3O4、Bi2O3In one or more.
Binding agent used in the present invention is fluorubber (F2641)With the compound system of polystyrene (PS).Preferably, it is described
In compound system, F264135~70%, the PS for accounting for binding agent gross mass accounts for the 30~65% of binding agent gross mass.
Of the present invention to be used to prepare in the raw material of cavity liner, the granular size of the aluminium powder is 60nm~20 μm, metal
The granular size of oxide is 30nm~5 μm.
In the present invention, the mass ratio of the aluminium powder and metal oxide meets the change of zero oxygen balance in following chemical equation
Learn metering ratio.
2Al + Fe2O3 = 2Fe + Al2O3。
2.667Al + Fe3O4 = 3Fe + 1.333Al2O3。
2Al + 3CuO = 3Cu + Al2O3。
2Al + 1.5MnO2 = 1.5Mn + Al2O3。
2Al + Cr2O3 = 2Cr + Al2O3。
2Al + 1.5SnO2 = 1.5Sn + Al2O3。
2Al + 1.5PbO2 = 1.5Pb + Al2O3。
2.667Al + Pb3O4 = 3Pb + 1.333Al2O3。
2Al + Bi2O3 = 2Bi + Al2O3。
It is of the present invention to be prepared by material cavity liner containing energy of micro-nano thermite using following methods:
1) by the aluminium powder, metal oxide, ferrocene of the weight/mass percentage composition in the presence of ball-milling medium absolute ethyl alcohol
Ball milling mixing is carried out, is dried to obtain thermite material;
2) the binding agent dissolving of the weight/mass percentage composition is obtained into binder solution in organic solvent;
3) binder solution is well mixed with thermite material, particle diameter is made and is not more than the wet grain of 12 purposes, is dried to obtain
The thermite particle of granulation;
4) thermite particle is added in cavity liner mould, the cavity liner containing energy is made in cold moudling.
Wherein, in the preparation method, the drying temperature of material is controlled at 50~70 DEG C.
In the present invention, the organic solvent is that can dissolve any solvent of the binding agent, it is preferable that the solvent is
Ethyl acetate or tetrahydrofuran.
Specifically, the cavity liner of the present invention containing energy is that cold moudling obtains under 5~50MPa pressure.
Further, the cavity liner containing energy that the present invention obtains cold moudling is incubated 2~8 days at 50~80 DEG C, with
To the cavity liner finished product containing energy.
The present invention using thermal discharge is higher, density is bigger, the more preferable thermite of machine-shaping property as shaped charge material,
And using the technique of addition binding agent cold moudling again, prepare a kind of cavity liner itself with reactivity worth --- containing energy
Cavity liner.The characteristics of this cavity liner is that energy density is high, has a safety feature, when explosive drives will not immediate response, but invade
Strong chemical reaction can occur during thorough and release high heat, because chemical reaction rate is much smaller than explosive charge
Speed, therefore duration of the reaction is grown, and generates red-hot (2000 DEG C of the >) of high temperature, has the reaction product of mobility, increase
Injure the ability of target.
Being employed in the cavity liner of the present invention containing energy can be long-range with the energetic material of self-propagating combustion, the thermal discharge of reaction
In the thermal discharge of Al-Ni alloyings, and F is used in preparation process2641Combination with PS ensure that Types of Medicine as bonding system
The mechanical strength of cover.In the present invention, the addition of catalyst ferrocene is also very crucial.Ferrocene is easy to lose cyclopentadienyl when being heated
On ring substituent generation ferrocenium cation, this cation reproducibility is very strong and very unstable, easily with the gold in cavity liner
Belong to oxide and oxidation-reduction reaction occurs, promote metal oxide to decompose and release heat.Meanwhile lost during ferrocene decomposition
Substituent it is heated can also occur further to decompose, produce exothermic reaction, these exothermic reactions not only thermodynamically for aluminium with
The self-propagating reaction of metal oxide provides primary power, and is kinetically also accelerating the anti-of aluminium and metal oxide
Speed is answered, makes the heating strength of cavity liner higher.
Contrasted with traditional inertia cavity liner and the active cavity liner reported, the cavity liner containing energy prepared by the present invention has
Advantages below:
1) containing energy and energy density height.The energy of cavity liner of the present invention is between 2~5kJ/g, and traditional inertia cavity liner
Without energy, active cavity liner energy < 2kJ/g.
2) cavity liner oxygen balance prepared by the present invention is easily mastered, and can realize energy adjustment by changing oxygen balance, and
The oxygen balance for having reported active cavity liner is difficult to determine.
3) cavity liner prepared by the present invention can generate the red-hot condensed phase reaction product of a large amount of high temperature during the course of the reaction,
The heat for discharging chemical reaction is more concentrated, it is not easy to and it is quick to scatter and disappear, there is preferable reaming and Incendiary effect.
4) moulding process of cavity liner of the present invention is simple, safe, it is not necessary to powder metallurgy process.
The optimal use method of the cavity liner containing energy prepared by the present invention is used with conventional cavity liner matched combined, normal
Rule cavity liner jet is formed on the basis of perforation, containing can cavity liner jet can play the appropriate perforation diameter and subsequently of expanding
The effect of setting on fire, injured or fragmentation effect with enhancing.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) collection of illustrative plates that embodiment 1 prepares the cavity liner containing energy.
Fig. 2 is inertia cavity liner figure compared with the damage effectiveness that embodiment 2 prepares the cavity liner containing energy.
Fig. 3 is means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) collection of illustrative plates that embodiment 4 prepares the cavity liner containing energy.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
α-the Fe for being about 1 μm by aluminium powder that 22.7g particle diameters are about 5 μm, 67.3g particle diameters2O3Ball milling is put into 4g ferrocene
In machine, shut down after being not added with abrading-ball idle running 15min, about 40mL absolute ethyl alcohols are added into ball mill, are added after complete wetting material
Enter abrading-ball, shut down after ball milling 1h, take out wet feed, in 50 DEG C of drying, the thermite material mixed.
By 3.5g F2641It is dissolved in 2.5g PS in 50mL ethyl acetate, forms binder solution.
Above-mentioned binder solution and thermite material are sufficiently mixed and mediated uniformly, takes advantage of not dry preceding 12 eye mesh screens of material
It is granulated.Wet grain is dispersed in pallet, is dried at 60 DEG C, is obtained modeling powder.
Modeling powder is added in cavity liner mould, cold moudling under 30MPa, the cavity liner after shaping is incubated 4 at 60 DEG C
My god, obtain the cavity liner finished product containing energy.
Fig. 1 is the DSC collection of illustrative plates that embodiment 1 prepares the cavity liner containing energy.As can be seen from Figure, the aluminium powder in cavity liner and
Fe2O3There is a very big exothermic peak between 900~1100 DEG C, illustrate that cavity liner can release big calorimetric during the course of the reaction.
Embodiment 2
The MnO for being about 0.8 μm by aluminium powder that 26.9g particle diameters are about 80nm, 65.1g particle diameters2Ball milling is put into 3g ferrocene
In machine, shut down after being not added with abrading-ball idle running 15min, about 50mL absolute ethyl alcohols are added into ball mill, are added after complete wetting material
Abrading-ball, shut down after ball milling 1.5h, take out wet feed, in 60 DEG C of drying, the thermite material mixed.
By 3g F2641It is dissolved in 2g PS in 45mL ethyl acetate, forms binder solution.
Above-mentioned binder solution and thermite material are sufficiently mixed and mediated uniformly, takes advantage of not dry preceding 12 eye mesh screens of material
It is granulated.Wet grain is dispersed in pallet, is dried at 60 DEG C, is obtained modeling powder.
Modeling powder is added in cavity liner mould, cold moudling under 40MPa, the cavity liner after shaping is incubated 5 at 60 DEG C
My god, obtain the cavity liner finished product containing energy.
Fig. 2 is the damage effectiveness comparison diagram that common inert cavity liner prepares the cavity liner containing energy with embodiment 2.As can be seen that
Inert metal Powder Liner can only leave a shallow hole in target material surface, and the cavity liner containing energy prepared by embodiment 2 is then thorough
Destroy target.
Embodiment 3
CuO the and 2g ferrocene that aluminium powder that 17.6g particle diameters are about 2 μm, 77.9g particle diameters are about 1.5 μm is put into ball mill
In, shut down after being not added with abrading-ball idle running 15min, about 30mL absolute ethyl alcohols are added into ball mill, mill is added after complete wetting material
Ball, shut down after ball milling 2h, take out wet feed, in 60 DEG C of drying, the thermite material mixed.
By 1.5g F2641It is dissolved in 1g PS in 30mL tetrahydrofurans, forms binder solution.
Above-mentioned binder solution and thermite material are sufficiently mixed and mediated uniformly, takes advantage of not dry preceding 12 eye mesh screens of material
It is granulated.Wet grain is dispersed in pallet, is dried at 60 DEG C, is obtained modeling powder.
Modeling powder is added in cavity liner mould, cold moudling under 30MPa, the cavity liner after shaping is incubated 8 at 50 DEG C
My god, obtain the cavity liner finished product containing energy.
Embodiment 4
γ-the Fe for being about 40nm by aluminium powder that 23.5g particle diameters are about 80nm, 70.5g particle diameters2O3Ball is put into 3g ferrocene
In grinding machine, shut down after being not added with abrading-ball idle running 15min, about 50mL absolute ethyl alcohols are added into ball mill, after complete wetting material
Abrading-ball is added, is shut down after ball milling 1h, takes out wet feed, in 50 DEG C of drying, the thermite material mixed.
By 2.5g F2641It is dissolved in 1.5g PS in 40mL ethyl acetate, forms binder solution.
Above-mentioned binder solution and thermite material are sufficiently mixed and mediated uniformly, takes advantage of not dry preceding 12 eye mesh screens of material
It is granulated.Wet grain is dispersed in pallet, is dried at 60 DEG C, is obtained modeling powder.
Modeling powder is added in cavity liner mould, cold moudling under 30MPa, the cavity liner after shaping is incubated 7 at 55 DEG C
My god, obtain the cavity liner finished product containing energy.
Fig. 1 is the DSC collection of illustrative plates that embodiment 1 prepares the cavity liner containing energy.As can be seen from Figure, the aluminium powder in cavity liner and
Fe2O3There is a very big exothermic peak between 900~1100 DEG C, illustrate that cavity liner can release big calorimetric during the course of the reaction.
Fig. 3 is the DSC collection of illustrative plates that embodiment 4 prepares the cavity liner containing energy.As can be seen that nanometer aluminium powder and nanometer in cavity liner
γ-Fe3O4There is stronger exothermic peak between 500~800 DEG C, release big calorimetric.It was found that, prepared with Fig. 1 by nanometer aluminium powder
Cavity liner reaction temperature it is lower, there is higher activity.
Embodiment 5
The Cr for being about 30nm by aluminium powder that 24.3g particle diameters are about 2 μm, 68.2g particle diameters2O3Ball milling is put into 2.5g ferrocene
In machine, shut down after being not added with abrading-ball idle running 15min, about 50mL absolute ethyl alcohols are added into ball mill, are added after complete wetting material
Enter abrading-ball, shut down after ball milling 1h, take out wet feed, in 60 DEG C of drying, the thermite material mixed.
By 2g F2641It is dissolved in 3g PS in 40mL ethyl acetate, forms binder solution.
Above-mentioned binder solution and thermite material are sufficiently mixed and mediated uniformly, takes advantage of not dry preceding 12 eye mesh screens of material
It is granulated.Wet grain is dispersed in pallet, is dried at 60 DEG C, is obtained modeling powder.
Modeling powder is added in cavity liner mould, cold moudling under 40MPa, the cavity liner after shaping is incubated 5 at 60 DEG C
My god, obtain the cavity liner finished product containing energy.