CN105634571B - Pilot pollution based on portion of pilot multiplexing in extensive mimo system mitigates method - Google Patents
Pilot pollution based on portion of pilot multiplexing in extensive mimo system mitigates method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105634571B CN105634571B CN201610031168.8A CN201610031168A CN105634571B CN 105634571 B CN105634571 B CN 105634571B CN 201610031168 A CN201610031168 A CN 201610031168A CN 105634571 B CN105634571 B CN 105634571B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0417—Feedback systems
- H04B7/0421—Feedback systems utilizing implicit feedback, e.g. steered pilot signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0452—Multi-user MIMO systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0697—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using spatial multiplexing
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Abstract
The invention discloses the pilot pollutions based on portion of pilot multiplexing in a kind of extensive mimo system to mitigate method, belongs to the communications field.The pilot pollution mitigate method the following steps are included: one, the pilot frequency sequence for being allocated to community user is divided into multiplexed pilot sequence group and orthogonal pilot frequency sequence group;Two, according to user to the numerical characteristics of target BS channel large-scale fading coefficient, user in cell is divided into pilot frequency multiplexing user and pilot orthogonal user, the pilot tone of multiplexed pilot sequence group is randomly assigned to pilot frequency multiplexing user, this group of pilot frequency sequence is in other cell reuses, the pilot tone of orthogonal pilot frequency sequence group is randomly assigned to pilot orthogonal user, this group of pilot frequency sequence be not in other cell reuses;Three, processing reception is carried out in upstream data of the base station end to user, total frequency spectrum efficiency by maximizing uplink Target cell acquires optimal portion of pilot multiplexing factor, and then based on this, realize that pilot tone is distributed rationally, so that pilot pollution is substantially reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the communications field, it is related to pilot pollution in a kind of extensive mimo system and mitigates method.
Background technique
Traditional multiple-input and multiple-output (Multiple Input Multiple Output, MIMO) system uses multiple antennas
Technology obtains spatial gain by increasing antenna amount, and the effective bit error rate performance for improving system simultaneously increases substantially frequency spectrum
Efficiency is one of the key technology for realizing high-rate wireless communication.MIMO technology is by TD-LTE (Time Division at present
Long Term Evolution), the 4G mobile communication standard such as LTE-A (Long Term Evolution Advanced) use,
It plays a significant role in the wireless network.It is installable on limited bulk with the development of antenna technology and integrated technique
Antenna number increases considerably, and loads hundreds of antenna in base station and is possibly realized.When the antenna number of base station is far longer than cell
In mobile terminal quantity when, model of communication system also will change.The Marzetta of AT&T Labs is in time division duplex (Time
Divison Duplexing, TDD) and under conditions of each base station configures unlimited root antenna, multiuser MIMO technology is had studied, and
Propose the concept of extensive MIMO.Extensive mimo system has apparent advantage: (1) system can directly increase base station
Antenna number improves power system capacity;(2) when guaranteeing certain service quality (Quality-of-Service, QoS), there is ideal
When channel state information (Channel State Information, CSI), the transmission power of each user and the antenna of base station
Number is inversely proportional;And when CSI is undesirable, the transmission power of each user and the square root of antenna for base station number are inversely proportional;(3) it utilizes
The expense of the reciprocity of channel, channel training sequence is only related with the number of users of each cell, unrelated with antenna for base station number;(4)
At downlink communication (communication of base station end to mobile terminal), the wave beam for being directed toward mobile terminal is formed with the biggish antenna of quantity,
Can to avoid the interference between user, so as to improve system the bit error rate and increase substantially spectrum efficiency.The variation of antenna amount
Eventually cause the essential leap of wireless communication, extensive mimo system will become the important composition of 5G cordless communication network
Part.
Compared with traditional MIMO, extensive MIMO it is most important the difference is that: when antenna for base station number tends to be infinite,
Mutually indepedent between each subscriber channel, the thermal noise and incoherent inter-cell interference for usually seriously affecting communication performance can be by
It ignores, the performance of system is primarily limited to pilot pollution, this is because the limitation of coherence time and coherence bandwidth, pilot tone money
Source is very limited, this makes the completely orthogonal pilot frequency sequence for distributing to a cell, is usually multiplexed completely between neighboring community.
The training sequence sent just because of the user of neighboring community in uplink channel estimation is non-orthogonal, causes to carry out channel in base station end
When estimation, obtained result is not the channel between local user and target BS, but is sent identical lead in other cells
Estimation after the pollution of the channel information of frequency training sequence user and target BS, pilot pollution will greatly limit on a large scale
The promotion of mimo system performance.Therefore, design in the extensive mimo system of effective multiple cell pilot pollution mitigate method for
The promotion and application of extensive MIMO technology have very important realistic meaning.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of pilot pollutions based on portion of pilot multiplexing to mitigate method,
This method mainly utilizes user that intra-cell users are divided into pilot tone to the numerical characteristics of target BS channel large-scale fading coefficient
The pilot frequency sequence for being allocated to community user is divided into multiplexed pilot sequence and orthogonal guide frequency sequence by users multiplexing and pilot orthogonal user
Column, distribute to pilot frequency multiplexing user for multiplexed pilot sequence, and the pilot frequency sequence is in other cell reuses, orthogonal pilot frequency sequence point
Dispensing pilot orthogonal user, the pilot frequency sequence is not in other cell reuses;In base station end, processing reception is carried out to upstream data,
It is multiple that total frequency spectrum efficiency (Sum Spectral efficiency, SSE) by maximizing Target cell obtains optimal portion of pilot
Use the factor.
The technical scheme is that the pilot pollution based on portion of pilot multiplexing in extensive mimo system mitigates method packet
Following steps are included, as shown in Figure 6:
Step 1: the pilot frequency sequence for being allocated to L cell in extensive mimo system is grouped, multiplexed pilot is divided into
Sequence group and orthogonal pilot frequency sequence group.
Step 2: according to user to the numerical characteristic of target BS channel large-scale fading coefficient, to intra-cell users into
Row grouping, is divided into pilot frequency multiplexing user group and pilot orthogonal user group, and carries out pilot frequency sequence configuration and include, multiplexed pilot sequence
The pilot frequency sequence of column group is randomly assigned to the user in pilot frequency multiplexing user group, and the pilot frequency sequence orthogonal pilot frequency sequence group is random
Distribute to the user in pilot orthogonal user group.
Step 3: in base station end, processing reception is carried out to upstream data, and seeks optimal portion of pilot multiplexing factor.
It elaborates below for each step:
Step 1: the pilot frequency sequence for being allocated to L cell in extensive mimo system is grouped, multiplexed pilot is divided into
Sequence group and orthogonal pilot frequency sequence group.
A. portion of pilot multiplexing factor Q is definedF.Portion of pilot is multiplexed thought for ease of description, defines a part and leads
Frequency multiplexing factor QF, indicate the pilot frequency sequence of Target cell user configuration in L cell in extensive mimo system other small
User's number of area's multiplexing.In order to ensure each district pilots sequence distributional equity, it is specified that all cells in the system
Portion of pilot multiplexing factor is equal.Wherein 0≤QF≤ K, K indicate user's number in each cell.Work as QFWhen=0, in the system
The pilot frequency sequence of all user configurations is completely orthogonal;Work as QFWhen=K, the pilot frequency sequence of Target cell is completely multiple in other cells
With.
B. the pilot frequency sequence set of L cell in extensive mimo system is provided.Assuming that each cell supports K user same
Shi Tongxin, the pilot frequency sequence set P for being allocated to L cell are represented by
Wherein pk∈C1×τ, k=1,2 ..., QF+(K-QF) L, τ >=QF+(K-QF) L,C1×τIndicate pk
For the vector of 1 × τ, p is indicatediConjugate transposition.
C. the pilot frequency sequence for being allocated to community user is grouped.The pilot tone sequence for being allocated to (l ∈ [1, L]) cell l
Arrange set PlIt is divided into two subsets: PreuseAnd Porth-l, wherein PreusePilot frequency sequence in set is in all cell reuses, Porth-lSet
In pilot frequency sequence only used in cell l.Obviously, all pilot frequency sequences of L cell in extensive mimo system are allocated to
Subset meets following formula:
Preuse∪Porth-1∪Porth-2∪…∪Porth-L=P
Step 2: according to user to the numerical characteristic of target BS channel large-scale fading coefficient, to intra-cell users into
Row grouping, is divided into pilot frequency multiplexing user group and pilot orthogonal user group, and carry out pilot frequency sequence configuration.
A. it sorts to subscriber channel large-scale fading coefficient in cell l.K user in cell l to target BS j's
Channel large-scale fading coefficient is ranked up according to amplitude size,
WhereinIndicate the large-scale fading coefficient of l intra-cell users k to target BS j, value size is arrived with user
The factors such as distance, base station height, path attenuation index, the shadow fading coefficient of base station are related.{a1,l,a2,l,…,aK,lIndicate
One combination of integer set { 1,2 ..., K }.
B. user in cell l is grouped.According to above-mentioned sequence, by K user U corresponding in cell ll,1,
Ul,2,…,Ul,KIt is divided into two groups: Sreuse-lAnd Sorth-l, wherein
C. pilot frequency sequence configuration is carried out to user in cell l.Subset PreuseInterior pilot frequency sequence be randomly assigned to
Sreuse-lInterior QFA user, subset Porth-lInterior pilot frequency sequence is randomly assigned to Sorth-lInterior K-QFA user.
Step 3: in base station end, processing reception is carried out to upstream data, and seeks optimal portion of pilot multiplexing factor.
A. upstream data is handled.At Target cell upcoming base station end, the pilot tone sequence stored first with base station end
Column information carries out channel estimation to Target cell user, and (such as least square method (Least Square, LS), minimum divide equally the theory of error
(Minimum Mean Square Error, MMSE)), simple recept then is carried out to upstream data using channel-estimation information
(if maximum rate merges (Maximum Ratio Combining, MRC), force zero (Zero-Forcing, ZF)), and seek target
Cell total frequency spectrum efficiency.
B. optimal portion of pilot multiplexing factor is soughtOptimal portion of pilot multiplexing factor seeks following maximization mesh
The principle of cell total frequency spectrum efficiency is marked, specific practice is: i) enabling QF=0,1 ..., K;Ii) it is directed to different QFValue, to L in system
A community user carries out pilot frequency sequence configuration according to step 1 and step 2, and according to previous step, finds out the total frequency of Target cell
Spectrum efficiency S { QF};Iii Target cell maximum SSE, corresponding Q) are found outFAs optimal portion of pilot multiplexing factor
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the pilot frequency sequence distribution method of the present invention based on portion of pilot multiplexing,
On the one hand, when the channel large-scale fading coefficient amplitude of interference user to target BS is larger, Target cell user is believed
Road estimation is affected, when giving the user configuration and the completely orthogonal pilot frequency sequence of Target cell user, to Target cell
The interference of subscriber channel estimation is approximately 0;When the large-scale fading coefficient of interference user to target BS is smaller, to target
The influence of community user channel estimation is smaller, when the user of the pilot frequency sequence of the user configuration and Target cell multiplexing, although
There are pilot pollutions, but influence very little.In this case, the pilot frequency sequence for being multiplexed Target cell can save pilot resources,
Improve spectrum efficiency.On the other hand, it is sought by optimal portion of pilot sequence, the spectrum efficiency of system can be made to reach one
Optimum value, so that system performance be made to get a promotion.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is extensive MIMO model figure;
Fig. 2 is that district pilots sequence generates grouping flow chart;
Fig. 3 is community user pilot frequency sequence configuration flow figure;
Fig. 4 is extensive mimo system uplink signal treatment process figure;
Fig. 5 is that flow chart is sought in optimal portion of pilot multiplexing factor part;
Fig. 6 is step schematic diagram of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
Fig. 1 is extensive MIMO model schematic diagram, is described in detail as follows.
A wireless communication system being made of L hexagonal cell as shown in Figure 1, each center of housing estate configure one
Height is the base station of h, and each base station configures M root antenna, provides service, antenna for base station simultaneously to K single-antenna subscriber of this cell
Number and the number of users of service meet: K < < M.Using j cell as Target cell, the base station of j cell is as target BS, cell l
In channel g between k-th of user and target BSjklIt can indicate are as follows:
Wherein hjklIndicate that the M × 1 of channel multipath fading coefficient composition ties up matrix, element obeys the multiple height of Cyclic Symmetry
This distribution;Indicate channel large-scale fading coefficient, djklIndicate user k to base station j in cell l
Distance,Indicate the height of base station j, α indicates path attenuation index, zjklIndicate shadow fading coefficient, wherein l=1,
2,…,L。
Fig. 2 is that district pilots sequence generates grouping flow chart, is described in detail as follows:
Step 21: determining part pilot frequency multiplexing factor QFValue.If optimal portion of pilot multiplexing factorValue it has been determined that
It enablesIf optimal portion of pilot multiplexing factorValue do not determine, QFIt is determined by following steps 41,45.
Step 22: the Q determined according to step 21F, determine pilot frequency sequence parameter: pilot sequence length τ, pilot frequency sequence number
N。
Step 23: generating N (N=QF+(K-QF) L) completely orthogonal pilot frequency sequence that a length is τ, set can be with table
It is shown as
P is pilot frequency sequence total collection, pkIndicate that a pilot frequency sequence, K indicate the number of single-antenna subscriber, QFPartially to lead
Frequency multiplexing factor.
Step 24: pressing shown in table 1, the preceding Q in set PFThe subset of a pilot frequency sequence composition is as multiplexed pilot sequence
Group Preuse, the pilot frequency sequence of the set is multiplexed completely in all cells;In set PIt arrives's
Pilot frequency sequence distributes to first of cell, the orthogonal pilot frequency sequence group P as the cellorth-l, the pilot frequency sequence in the set is only
It is used in the cell.
Fig. 3 is community user pilot frequency sequence configuration flow figure, is described in detail as follows:
Step 31: obtaining cell l user Ul,1,Ul,2,…,Ul,KTo the large-scale fading coefficient of target BS j, correspond to
Table is as shown in table 2.
Step 32: the large-scale fading coefficient in step 31 is ranked up by its amplitude size,
Wherein { a1,l,a2,l,…,aK,lIndicate a combination of integer set { 1,2 ..., K }.
Step 33: according to step 32, K user corresponding in cell l being divided into two groups: Sreuse-lAnd Sorth-l。Sreuse-l
Indicate pilot frequency multiplexing user group, user is preceding Q in step 32FUser corresponding to large-scale fading coefficient;Sorth-lExpression is led
Frequency orthogonal users group, user are rear K-Q in step 32FUser corresponding to large-scale fading coefficient.Its relevant parameter is corresponding
Table is as shown in table 3.
Step 34: the multiplexed pilot sequence group P in step 24reuseIn pilot frequency sequence be randomly assigned to Sreuse-lIn
User, the orthogonal pilot frequency sequence group P in step 24orth-lIn pilot frequency sequence be randomly assigned to Sorth-lIn user.
Fig. 4 is that optimal portion of pilot multiplexing factor seeks flow chart, is described in detail as follows:
Step 41: numerical analysis simulation platform is established according to the system model of Fig. 5;
Step 42: enabling QF=0;
Step 43: according to Fig. 3, configuring pilot frequency sequence to community users all in system;
Step 44: the total frequency spectrum efficiency S { Q of Target cell is sought by the emulation platform that step 41 is builtF};
Step 45:QF++;
Step 46: judging QFWhether community user number K is greater than, if it does, skipping to step 47;Otherwise, step 43 is skipped to;
Step 47: maximum value is found out from S { 0 }, S { 1 } ..., S { K }, corresponding portion of pilot multiplexing factor is most
Excellent portion of pilot multiplexing factor
Table 4 gives in the case of different signal-to-noise ratio (Signal to Noise Ratio, SNR), passes through simulation result
It obtains
Table 5 gives in different base station antenna number, is obtained by simulation result
Table 6 is simulation parameter.
Finally, it is stated that preferred embodiment above is only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and not to limit it, although logical
It crosses above preferred embodiment the present invention is described in detail, however, those skilled in the art should understand that, can be
Various changes are made to it in form and in details, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range.
Each district pilots sequence of packets of table 1 corresponds to table
2 community user of table is with it to the corresponding table of target BS channel large-scale fading coefficient
User in cell l | Ul,1 | Ul,2 | … | Ul,K |
To the large-scale fading coefficient of target BS | βj1l | βj2l | … | βjKl |
3 community user grouping sheet of table
The different signal-to-noise ratio of table 4 withCorresponding table
5 different base station antenna number of table withCorresponding table
6 simulation parameter of table
Claims (5)
1. the pilot pollution based on portion of pilot multiplexing in extensive mimo system mitigates method, which is characterized in that including following
Step:
Step 1: according to portion of pilot multiplexing factor, the pilot frequency sequence for being allocated to L cell in extensive mimo system is carried out
Grouping, is divided into multiplexed pilot sequence group and orthogonal pilot frequency sequence group;
Step 2: according to user to the numerical characteristic and portion of pilot multiplexing factor of target BS channel large-scale fading coefficient,
K user in cell is grouped, pilot frequency multiplexing user group and pilot orthogonal user group are divided into, and carries out pilot frequency sequence and matches
It sets, including the pilot frequency sequence of multiplexed pilot sequence group is randomly assigned to the user in pilot frequency multiplexing user group, orthogonal guide frequency
The pilot frequency sequence of sequence group is randomly assigned to the user in pilot orthogonal user group;
Step 3: in base station end, processing reception is carried out to upstream data, while to maximize the total frequency spectrum efficiency of Target cell
Optimize part pilot frequency multiplexing factor QF。
2. the pilot pollution based on portion of pilot multiplexing in extensive mimo system mitigates method according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the step 1 specifically includes:
A. portion of pilot multiplexing factor Q is definedF, QFIndicate in extensive mimo system Target cell user configuration in L cell
Pilot frequency sequence is in user's number of other cell reuses, and the portion of pilot multiplexing factor of all cells is equal;
B. assume that each cell base station supports K user while communicating that the pilot frequency sequence set P for being allocated to L cell can be indicated
For
Wherein pk∈C1×τ, k=1,2 ..., QF+(K-QF) L, τ >=QF+(K-QF) L,C1×τIndicate pkFor 1 ×
The vector of τ,Indicate piConjugate transposition;
C. the pilot frequency sequence set P for being allocated to cell llIt is divided into two subsets: PreuseAnd Porth-l, whereinPreusePilot frequency sequence in subset is in institute
Some cell reuses, Porth-lPilot frequency sequence in subset only uses in cell l.
3. the pilot pollution based on portion of pilot multiplexing in extensive mimo system mitigates method according to claim 2,
It is characterized in that, the step 2 specifically includes:
A. the channel large-scale fading coefficient of K user in cell l to target BS j is ranked up according to amplitude size,
WhereinIndicate the large-scale fading coefficient of l intra-cell users k to target BS j, { a1,l,a2,l,…,aK,lIndicate whole
Manifold closes a combination of { 1,2 ..., K };
B. according to above-mentioned sequence, by K user U corresponding in cell ll,1,Ul,2,…,Ul,KIt is divided into two groups: Sreuse-lAnd Sorth-l,
Wherein
C. set PreuseInterior pilot frequency sequence is randomly assigned to Sreuse-lInterior QFA user, set Porth-lInterior pilot tone
Sequence is randomly assigned to Sorth-lInterior K-QFA user.
4. the pilot pollution based on portion of pilot multiplexing in extensive mimo system mitigates method according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the step 3 specifically includes:
At Target cell upcoming base station end, letter is carried out to Target cell user first with the pilot sequence information that base station end stores
Then road estimation carries out simple recept to upstream data using channel-estimation information, and seeks Target cell total frequency spectrum efficiency;Root
Optimal portion of pilot multiplexing factor is sought according to the principle for maximizing Target cell total frequency spectrum efficiency.
5. the pilot pollution based on portion of pilot multiplexing in extensive mimo system mitigates method according to claim 4,
It is characterized in that: described to seek optimal portion of pilot multiplexing factor specifically:
I) Q is enabledF=0,1 ..., K;Ii) it is directed to different QF, L community user in system is carried out according to step 1 and step 2
Pilot frequency sequence configuration, finds out Target cell total frequency spectrum efficiency S { QF};Iii Target cell maximum total frequency spectrum efficiency) is found out, it is right
The Q answeredFAs optimal portion of pilot multiplexing factor
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