CN105603943A - Tunnel type nature fishway imitated fish-barring lifting device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel tunnel-type fish-blocking lifting device imitating a natural fishway, and relates to a fish-passing facility for migrating fish to go up through a river-blocking structure. Including: the inlet and inlet sections of the fishway connecting the downstream riverbed; the tunnel connecting the inlet section and the outlet section; the outlet and outlet sections of the fishway connecting the upstream reservoir; the fish blocking and collecting fish transfer system including the fish blocking electric grid and the lifting transfer equipment. In the water conservancy and hydropower projects in the alpine and narrow valley areas, the tunnel-type fish blocking lifting equipment imitating the natural fishway is adopted, which can adapt to the large changes in the water level of the reservoir and the narrow terrain of the river bed, provide the water temperature, flow and velocity suitable for fish migration, and can Simulate the natural aquatic environment of the river, greatly reduce the amount of excavation, and will not form artificial high and steep slopes. At the same time, the tunnel-like natural fishway occupies less surface area, reduces soil erosion caused by open excavation, and has less impact on the ecological environment of terrestrial plants and animals.

Description

Fish blocking lifting equipment and method for tunnel type imitating natural fishway

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of water conservancy engineering and environmental protection engineering, and relates to a fish-passing facility for migratory fish to go up through a river-blocking structure, more specifically, a new type of tunnel-type fish-blocking lifting device imitating a natural fishway and the method it uses.

Background technique

Migration is the periodic directional back and forth movement of fish due to the influence of physiological requirements, genetics and external environmental factors. Migration is a characteristic formed during the phylogenetic process of fish, and it is a long-term adaptation of fish to the environment, which can enable the population to obtain more favorable living conditions and reproduce better. Nowadays, in order to obtain water energy, human beings build dams on natural rivers, which block the migration channels of fish and seriously damage the natural ecological environment in the rivers. In order to remedy the damage caused to the river, human beings designed and built various fish passing facilities when building barrage dams to help migratory fish schools cross the dam. Fishway is one of the most commonly used fish passing facilities.

In the downstream section of the dam with a fishway, migratory fish find the fishway entrance through the fishway flow out of the fishway entrance, swim into the main body of the fishway through the fishway entrance, and finally swim to the fishway exit. Enter the upper reaches of the river and complete the upstream migration over the barrage dam.

As my country's hydropower construction advances to the upper reaches of the river, it is often encountered in the selection of dam sites on terrains such as narrow river beds and high and steep mountains on both sides of the river. In this case, the riverbed is often occupied by flood discharge structures, making it difficult to arrange fishways. Under normal circumstances, according to the requirements of fishway layout, in areas with steep terrain and narrow riverbeds, fishways can only be arranged on high and steep mountains next to the powerhouse of the power station. In the prior art, when constructing the fishway in the above-mentioned terrain, the method of open cut is adopted, which requires deep cutting and excavation of the mountain body, and high and steep excavation slopes will be formed on both sides of the fishway. In order to ensure the stability of the excavated slope and ensure the safe operation of the fishway, the slope needs to be reinforced and supported. Therefore, building fishways in the terrain with narrow riverbeds and high and steep mountains on both sides of the river not only requires a large amount of excavation, but also requires high technical difficulties in the design and construction of slope reinforcement and support, and the cost of the entire project is high. At the same time, the mountain was deeply cut and excavated, resulting in soil erosion and destroying the original ecological environment of terrestrial animals and plants on the mountain.

In order to overcome the above shortcomings and deficiencies, a tunnel-like imitation natural fishway is designed, which can ensure that migrating fish can trace back to the vicinity of the upstream. However, due to the large fluctuations in the water level of fish passing upstream in some projects, it is difficult for ordinary fishway outlet layout schemes to adapt to such large water level fluctuations; It takes a lot of time for the school to swim back to the upstream waters in the main body of the fishway. In order to speed up the migration of fish across the dam and adapt to the large fluctuations in the upstream water level, special transfer and lifting equipment are designed to match the tunnel-like imitation natural fishway to ensure that migratory fish can quickly cross the barrage dam and enter the upstream waters .

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a fishway lifting device for a tunnel-like imitation natural fishway, which is arranged at the fishway exit between the fishway main body and the fishway exit of the tunnel-type imitation natural fishway In the section, both sides of the exit section of the fishway are the side walls of the exit section, and the side walls of the two exit sections are arranged in sequence along the direction of the reverse flow: the downstream mobile fish blocking electric grid, the lifting transfer equipment, the fish collecting box, and the upstream fixed blocking fish grid, water retaining breast wall and exit gate; upstream water depth h between the side walls of the two exit sections; a stilling pool is also set on the bottom plate of the fishway exit section between the water retaining breast wall and the lifting transfer equipment; fish There are stacked beam doors in the exit of the road.

In the above technical solution, the fishway main body of the tunnel-type imitation natural fishway is set inside the mountain next to the powerhouse of the power station, connecting the downstream riverbed and the waters of the upstream reservoir; the fishway entrance of the main body of the fishway is set in the downstream riverbed of the powerhouse The fishway outlet of the fishway main body is set in the upstream reservoir of the power plant; the fishway main body is composed of side walls on both sides, bottom plate at the bottom and roof arch at the top; multiple contraction sections are arranged in the fishway main body The fishway main body is divided into a plurality of fishway pond chambers; the fish passage vertical seam on each contraction section communicates with two adjacent fishway pond chambers.

In the above technical solution, the outlet gate is arranged on the upstream side of the water-retaining breast wall, the top of the outlet gate is arranged above the bottom end of the water-retaining breast wall, and the outlet gate is a flat door structure.

In the above technical scheme, the water depth between the side walls of the two exit sections is 1 meter to 3 meters, and the distance between the side walls of the two exit sections is not less than twice the length of the longest fish passing target body; the main body of the fishway and the stacking beam The distance between the gates shall not be less than 5 times the distance between the side walls of the two exit sections, the distance between the logger gate and the retaining parapet shall be 1 to 5 meters, and the height of the exit gate shall be at least 3 meters.

In the above technical solution, the stilling pool is a sunken structure, with water-retaining breast walls on both sides, a slope surface on the upstream side, a vertical surface on the downstream side, and a horizontal bottom surface; the longitudinal length and vertical depth of the stilling pool All are determined by calculation of flood discharge efficiency. The upstream side of the stilling pool is not less than 0.5 meters away from the exit gate, and the downstream side of the stilling pool is not less than 0.5 meters away from the lifting and transfer equipment.

In the above technical scheme, the minimum distance between the downstream mobile fish blocking grid and the main body of the fishway is 0.5-1.5 meters; the minimum distance between the downstream mobile fish blocking grid and the lifting and transfer equipment is 0.5-1.5 meters; the fish collection box is set at Elevate the interior of the transfer equipment and move in the vertical direction; the lateral width of the fish collection box is greater than the distance between the side walls of the two outlet sections, and the difference between the two is not more than 2 meters, and the longitudinal length of the fish collection box is not less than 1 meter ; The minimum distance from the downstream mobile fish blocking grid to the fish collection box is greater than 1 meter, and the upstream fixed fish blocking grid is more than 1 meter away from the fish collection box.

According to the different conditions of the upstream water level, the tunnel type imitation natural fishway fish blocking lifting equipment adopts the following measures:

1) When the upstream water level is too low:

When the upstream water depth h between the side walls of the exit section is lower than 1 meter, close the exit gate.

2) When the upstream water level is normal:

When the upstream water depth h between the side walls of the exit section is 1m to 3m, the exit gates are fully opened and the logger doors are fully opened.

3) When the upstream water level is high:

When the upstream water depth h between the side walls of the exit section is greater than 3 meters, first close the exit gate; then put part of the logger door into the exit door slot, and adjust the water depth above the logger door to 1 to 3 meters within the range; then the exit gate can be partially opened.

When using the tunnel-type fish blocking lifting device imitating the natural fishway to help the fish pass the dam, after the migrating fish swim out of the main body of the fishway, they enter the upstream reservoir through the following steps:

Step 1: Start the upstream fixed fish blocking grid and the downstream moving fish blocking grid, and the downstream moving fish blocking grid starts to move upstream from the furthest downstream; migrating fish are intercepted at the upstream fixed fish blocking grid and the downstream moving grid Between the fishing grids;

Step 2: The fish-collecting box is located at the lowest point, and the downstream mobile fish-blocking grid moves upstream to the end point, and the migrating fish are driven into the fish-collecting box;

Step 3: Start the lifting transfer equipment to lift the fish collection box upwards in the vertical direction; at the same time, close the upstream fixed fish blocking grid and the downstream moving fish blocking grid, and the downstream fish blocking grid moves downstream;

Step 4: When the fish collection box is lifted to the highest point higher than the side wall of the exit section, the lifting transfer device will tilt the fish collection box and dump migratory fish into the upstream reservoir;

Step 5: After the fish collection box is poured, return to its position and descend;

Step 6: The fish collecting box is lowered to the initial position of the lowest point, and at the same time, the downstream moving fish blocking grid is located at the initial position farthest downstream, and a fish passing process is completed.

In the above technical solution, the water velocity between the side walls of the two outlet sections is 0.5 m/s to 1.5 m/s.

Compared with traditional methods, the present invention has the advantages of:

First, the fish blocking lifting equipment is arranged at the exit of the tunnel-like imitation natural fishway, and correspondingly cooperates with the fishway to pass the fish. Using the fish blocking lifting device designed by the present invention can give full play to the characteristics of convenient excavation and obvious energy dissipation of the tunnel-like imitation natural fishway, so as to ensure the fish passing effect of the fishway.

Second, when the migratory fish school traces back from the tunnel-like natural fishway to the fishway outlet section on the upstream side, it is often unable to directly enter the upstream waters due to the high water level difference between the upstream and downstream and the large water level fluctuation in the upstream. On the one hand, the present invention controls the flow rate and velocity of the water entering the main body of the fishway to meet the requirements through the logger gate, the water retaining breast wall, the outlet gate and the stilling pool; The transfer equipment and the fish collection box solve the problem that the fish outlet layout is difficult due to the large fluctuation of the upstream fish passing water level, the fish cannot overcome the large water head difference or the main section of the fishway is too long to delay the fish passing time.

Third, under the same terrain and geological conditions, compared with the open-cut imitation natural fishway arrangement, the tunnel-type imitation natural fishway arrangement saves the amount of excavation and support to a large extent.

Fourth, because the tunnel-like natural fishway is arranged inside the mountain, it occupies less surface area, reduces soil erosion caused by open excavation, and has less impact on the ecological environment of terrestrial plants and animals;

Fifth, the shrinkage section provided inside the main body of the fishway of the present invention replaces the concrete partition in the conventional fishway, and can better dissipate the energy of the water flow in the main body of the fishway.

Its six, on the bottom plate of the present invention and the two sidewalls, be inlaid with pebbles, build the edge beach environment of river. Lighting equipment is installed on the top of the main body of the fishway, which can simulate natural light and achieve the purpose of imitating nature. The invention improves the connection conditions of the upstream and downstream river channels, and slows down the barrier effect of engineering construction on aquatic organisms such as fish.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the general layout of the tunnel-like natural fishway.

Fig. 2 is a top view structure diagram of a section of the tunnel-like fishway imitating the natural fishway.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section structure of a section of the tunnel-like fishway imitating the natural fishway.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view at A-A in Fig. 2 .

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view at B-B in Fig. 2 .

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the general layout of the fish blocking lifting device of the tunnel type imitating the natural fishway.

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view at C-C in Fig. 6 .

Among them, fishway entrance 1, fishway entrance maintenance gate 2, fishway entrance section 3, fishway main body 4, vault 4.1, side wall 4.2, bottom plate 4.3, fishway exit section 5, exit gate 6, fishway exit 7 , power plant building 8, shrink section 9, long shrink board 9.1, short shrink board 9.2, pebbles 10, fish passing vertical seam 11, fishway pond room 12, lighting equipment 13, downstream riverbed 14, upstream reservoir 15, downstream mobile fish blocking Electric grid 16, stilling pool 17, stacking beam door 18, upstream fixed fish blocking electric grid 19, water retaining breast wall 20, exit section side wall 21, lifting transfer equipment 22, fish collecting compartment 23.

detailed description

The implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but they do not constitute a limitation to the present invention, and are only examples. At the same time, the present invention will be described in more detail through specific implementation.

As shown in Figure 1, the tunnel type imitation natural fishway designed by the present invention mainly utilizes the fishway main body 4 to connect the downstream riverbed 14 of the power plant 8 and the waters of the upstream reservoir 15. The fishway main body 4 is a tunnel type, arranged inside the mountain next to the powerhouse 8 of the power station. Considering factors such as the head difference between upstream and downstream, the water depth in the fishway main body (4) is designed to be 1.5 meters to 2.5 meters. Investigate the species of migratory fish in the river basin, record the species of the longest migratory fish group, and use the longest size of the fish as the longest fish-passing target body length.

The fishway inlet section 3 on the downstream side of the fishway main body 4 is close to the downstream side of the river, and the farthest fishway inlet 1 is arranged on the downstream riverbed 14 . The bottom plate of the fishway inlet 1 is arranged below the bank slope water surface line of the downstream river bed 14 . Between the fishway entrance 1 and the fishway main body 4, namely the entrance section 3, a fishway entrance maintenance gate 2 is set. Both sides of the fishway main body 4 are side walls 4.2, the top is an arc-shaped vault 4.1, and the bottom is a bottom plate 4.3, and the vault 4.1, side walls 4.2 and bottom plate 4.3 are seamlessly connected with each other. The fishway main body 4 adopts a reinforced concrete lining structure, which makes full use of the joint force of the rock mass in the mountain and the reinforced concrete lining structure, and jointly bears the external load of the fishway main body 4 . In the working condition of completion and maintenance, the reinforced concrete lining structure and the rock mass outside the fishway main body 4 are integrated into a whole by using bolts, and jointly bear loads such as surrounding rock pressure and seepage pressure.

In the tunnel of the fishway main body 4 , a constriction section 9 is arranged to divide the inside of the fishway main body 4 into a plurality of fishway pond chambers 12 . Each shrinkage segment 9 is made up of a long shrinkage plate 9.1 and a short shrinkage plate 9.2, the long shrinkage plate 9.1 is a rectangular plate structure, and the short shrinkage plate 9.2 is a right-angled trapezoidal plate structure that is narrow on the transverse water flow direction and wide on the bottom. The long shrinkage plate 9.1 and the short shrinkage plate 9.2 in the same shrinkage section 9 are vertically and relatively fixed on the cross section of the fishway main body 4 . One side of the long shrinkage plate 9.1 is connected to the side wall 4.2 of the fishway main body 4, and the bottom surface of the long shrinkage plate 9.1 is connected to the bottom plate 4.3 of the fishway main body 4; one side of the short shrinkage plate 9.2 is connected to the other side wall 4.2, The bottom surface of the short shrink board 9.2 is connected to the bottom plate 4.3. The thickness of the long shrink board 9.1 and the short shrink board 9.2 in the direction of water flow and the height in the vertical direction are the same; the bottom surface of the long shrink board 9.1 is not in contact with the bottom surface of the short shrink board 9.2.

The gap between the long shrinkage plate 9.1 and the short shrinkage plate 9.2 belonging to the same shrinkage section 9 forms a vertical seam 11 for passing fish. The thickness of the long shrinkage plate 9.1 and the short shrinkage plate 9.2 is 0.1m to 0.3m, and the height is consistent with the water depth in the tunnel type imitation natural fishway, generally 1.5m to 2.5m, and greater than 2.5m of the longest fish passing target body length. times.

On the same side wall 4.2 of the tunnel in the fishway main body 4, each long shrinkage plate 9.1 and each short shrinkage plate 9.2 are arranged at intervals. Two adjacent constriction sections 9 form a fishway pond chamber 12 . The width of the fishway pond chamber 12 should be greater than 2 times of the longest fish passing target body length, and the length L of the fishway pond chamber 12 is 2.5～3 times of the longest fish passing target body length.

The vault 4.1 of the fishway main body 4 is an arc-shaped structure, and the two sides are respectively connected to the upper parts of the two side walls 4.2. Specifically, the tunnel height of the fishway main body 4 is 4.75 meters, and the width of the bottom plate 4.3 is 2.5 meters. In the fishway main body 4, a shrinkage section 9 is set every 3 meters, wherein the size of the long shrinkage plate 9.1 is 1.4 meters wide, 2.7 meters high, and 0.5 meters thick; the size of the short shrinkage plate 9.2 is 0.4 meters wide at the top, It is 0.8 meters wide, 2.7 meters high and 0.5 meters thick. Between the long shrinkage plate 9.1 and the short shrinkage plate 9.2 is the vertical seam 11 for passing fish, and the pebble 10 having a thickness of 0.2 meters is inlaid below the vertical seam 11 for passing fish. The size of the fish passing vertical seam 11 is: the upper width is 0.7 meters, the lower width is 0.33 meters, and the height is 2.5 meters.

In the tunnel in the fishway main body 4 , a group of lighting equipment 13 is respectively arranged directly above each constriction section 9 and directly above each fishway pond chamber 12 . Specifically, one group of lighting equipment 13 contains 3 to 10 bulbs arranged equidistantly, and each group of bulbs is arranged on the same cross section of the vault 4.1 or the middle part of the fishway pond chamber 12 . The lighting device 13 selects a light bulb that can simulate natural light. After the power is turned on, the water area in the fishway main body 4 can be illuminated, so that migrating fish can go up.

Pebbles 10 are inlaid on the side walls 4.2 and the bottom plate 4.3 of the tunnel in the fishway main body 4 where the contraction section 9 is not provided. The top of the pebble 10 is exposed, simulating the environment of a natural channel and a river bank. And the lighting system equipment 13 arranged on the vault 4.1 can simulate natural light. In such an environment similar to the natural river bank, the fishway main body 4 is closer to the environment of the natural river bank, which makes the migratory fish school more adaptable to its environment when swimming through the fishway main body 4 .

As shown in FIG. 1 , the fishway outlet section 5 on the upstream side of the fishway main body 4 is set in an upstream reservoir 15 near the upstream side of the river. The farthest end on the upstream side of the fishway outlet section 5 is the fishway outlet 7 . The bottom plate of the fishway outlet 7 is arranged below the water surface line of the upstream reservoir 15 . Between the fishway outlet 7 and the fishway main body 4 , that is, an outlet gate 6 is arranged in the fishway outlet section 5 .

Both the fishway inlet maintenance gate 2 and the outlet gate 6 can be opened or closed. When the fishway outlet gate 6 is closed, the upstream water flow does not flow through the fishway main body 4 , and the downstream migratory fish school cannot use the fishway to trace back to the upstream reservoir 15 .

Assuming that the water body in the upstream reservoir 15 is formed in the fishway main body 4 of the tunnel type imitation natural fishway, when the water depth is within the range of 1.5 to 2.5 meters, the water flow can flow through the tunnel type imitation natural fishway of the present invention without hindrance. And flow into the downstream river 14, then the water flow process is as follows.

When the fishway inlet maintenance gate 2 and the outlet gate 6 are both in the open state, the water body of the upstream reservoir 15 enters the fishway outlet 7 through the opened outlet gate 6, flows into the fishway outlet section 5, and then flows into the fishway main body 4. In the fishway pond chamber 12 in the fishway main body 4, when the water flow enters the fishway pond chamber 12, the long shrinkage plate 9.1 and the short shrinkage plate 9.2 form a hindrance to the water, forcing the water flow to pass through the fish vertical seam 11, and then the water flow flows out. Fish vertical seam 11 flows into next fishway pond chamber 12. Thus, the contraction section 9 eliminates the energy of the water body formed by the drop between the upper and lower fishway pool chambers 12, ensuring that the water flow velocity inside the tunnel-type imitation natural fishway is always within the appropriate flow velocity range determined by the swimming ability and ecological habits of the fish passing objects. Inside.

Similarly, the water flows through each fishway chamber 12 until the water flows through all the fishway chambers 12 and finally flows into the fishway inlet section 3, and flows out of the fishway inlet 1 through the opened fishway inlet maintenance gate 2. The water flow forms a fish-attracting current at the fishway entrance 1 and the waters of the downstream riverbed 14 nearby, and finally the fish-attracting current gradually disappears and enters the downstream river section.

Assuming that in the downstream waters of the tunnel-type imitation natural fishway described in the present invention, there are migratory fish schools that need to cross the dam to the upstream reservoir 15, and this fish school has the ability to trace back, and can sense the fish-baiting water flow to find the fishway inlet 1, Then the fish passing principle of the tunnel type imitating natural fishway of the present invention is as follows.

After the fish shoal feels the lure fish flow on the downstream riverbed 14, it enters from the fishway entrance 1, passes through the fishway entrance maintenance gate 2 opened, swims through the fishway entrance section 3, and swims into the fishway main body 4. The fish school swims into fishway pond chamber 12 subsequently, because the long contraction plate 9.1 and the short contraction plate 9.2 that are set in this fishway pond chamber 12 have hindered the fish school of migration, fish school can only swim in by crossing fish vertical seam 11 Room 12 of fishway pond on the upper level.

In the fishway main body 4, because the water flow velocity is controlled within the perceived flow velocity and the limit flow velocity range of the target fish passing object, according to the habits of the migratory fish school, the fish school can go upstream through each fishway pond chamber 12, and the fish school You can take a short rest in the fishway rest pool, and continue to swim up a section of the fishway pool room 12 after your physical strength recovers. In the fishway main body 4, the long contraction plate 9.1 and the short contraction plate 9.2 are relatively spaced apart, so that the fish school swims through each fish passing vertical seam 11 in an "S"-shaped path. There are pebbles 10 and lighting system 13 in the fishway main body 4. In a humid environment, there will be plants such as moss growing in the fishway main body 4, which well imitates the natural environment of the river bank, and the fish are easier in a familiar environment. complete its migration process. In the natural environment imitated by the fishway main body 4, after the fish school swims through the last fishway pond chamber 12, it finally swims into the fishway exit section 5, swims out of the fishway exit 7 through the opened exit gate 6, or collects fish for transport The fish collecting compartment in the equipment swims into the upstream reservoir 15.

As shown in Figures 1, 6 and 7, the fishway outlet 7 is connected to the upstream reservoir 15 and is arranged on the upstream bank slope near the powerhouse 8 of the power station. Between the fishway main body 4 and the fishway outlet 7 of the tunnel type imitation natural fishway is the fishway outlet section 5 . Both sides of the fishway outlet section 5 are outlet section side walls 21, between the two outlet section side walls 21 are arranged in sequence along the direction of the reverse flow: downstream moving fish blocking grid 16, lifting transfer equipment 22, fish collection box 23, Upstream fixed fish blocking grid 19, water retaining parapet 20 and outlet gate 6. A stilling basin 17 is also arranged on the bottom plate of the fishway outlet section 5 between the water retaining breast wall 20 and the lifting and transferring equipment 22 . In the fishway outlet 7 , the upstream side of the outlet gate 6 is also provided with a check beam door 18 .

The water depth between the side walls 21 of the two exit sections is 1 meter to 3 meters, and the distance between the side walls 21 of the two exit sections is not less than 2 times the length of the longest fish passing target body; The distance between the two exit section side walls 21 is not less than 5 times, the distance between the stacking beam door 18 and the water retaining parapet 20 is 1 meter to 5 meters, and the distance between the stacking beam door 18 and the upstream check water depth is at least 0.5 rice.

The stilling pool 17 is a sunken structure, with water-retaining parapets 20 on both sides, a slope surface on the upstream side, a vertical surface on the downstream side, and a horizontal bottom surface; the longitudinal length and vertical depth of the stilling pool 17 are The flood discharge efficiency is calculated and determined.

The upstream side of the stilling pool 17 is not less than 0.5 meters away from the exit gate 6, and the downstream side of the stilling pool 17 is not less than 0.5 meters away from the lifting transfer device 22;

The downstream mobile fish blocking electric grid 16 is arranged between the fishway main body 4 and the lifting transfer equipment 22, and can move back and forth along the outlet section side wall 21 between the two, so as to ensure that all migratory fish schools that swim out of the fishway main body 4 Drive into the fish collecting compartment 23 in the lifting transfer equipment 22.

The minimum distance between the downstream mobile fish blocking grid 16 and the fishway main body 4 is 0.5-1.5 meters; the minimum distance between the downstream moving fish blocking grid 16 and the lifting and transfer equipment 22 is 0.5-1.5 meters;

The fish collection box 23 is arranged inside the lifting transfer device 22 and moves vertically. When the fish collection box 23 moved to the top, it was higher than the height of the outlet section side wall 21. After this fish collecting box 23 reaches the top, it can be inclined to one side of the upstream reservoir 15, and the water therein and the migrating fish are poured into the upstream reservoir 15 together, thereby ensuring that the migrating fish enters in the upstream waters.

The lateral width of the fish collecting compartment 23 is larger than the distance between the two outlet section side walls 21, and the difference between the two is no more than 2 meters. The longitudinal length of the fish collection compartment 23 is no less than 1 meter. Simultaneously, the minimum distance that the downstream moves fish-blocking grid 16 to the fish-collecting compartment 23 is greater than 1 meter, and the upstream fixed fish-blocking grid 19 is greater than 1 meter from the fish-collecting compartment 23.

The outlet gate 6 and the water-retaining parapet 20 are dislocated up and down, front and back, and are arranged together to jointly control the flow of upstream water. Specifically, the top of the outlet gate 6 is set above the bottom of the water-retaining breast wall 20; when the outlet gate 6 is closed, its top is attached to the upstream side of the bottom of the water-retaining breast wall 20 along the horizontal direction. The outlet gate 6 is a flat door structure, which can be adjusted and controlled according to the incoming water. The water-retaining parapet 20 forces the upstream water to enter the fishway main body 4 through the outlet gate 6 below, ensuring that the water depth between the two outlet section side walls 21 is 1 to 3 meters, and can control the flow rate of the water flowing into the fishway main body , flow rate and water temperature are all within the appropriate range.

In the fishway outlet 7, the upstream side of the outlet gate 6 is also provided with a check beam gate 18. According to the upstream water level, the stacking beam door 18 lowers some joint stacking beams, gradually retains the water, adjusts and controls the water head, so as to control the water flow velocity and the water temperature entering the fishway main body 4 .

Specifically, when the upstream water level is different, take the following measures:

1. When the upstream water level is too low:

When the upstream water depth h between the side walls 21 of the outlet section is lower than 1 meter, the outlet gate 6 is closed.

This kind of situation generally only occurs in the dry season, and the dry season often occurs in the non-fishing season. Generally, there are no migratory fish schools in the river channel, and there is no need to help them migrate to the upstream waters.

2. When the upstream water level is normal:

When the upstream water depth h between the side walls 21 of the outlet section is 1 meter to 3 meters, the outlet gates 6 are all opened, and the stacking beam doors 18 are all opened.

At this time, the water flow enters from the upstream through the fishway outlet 7, passes through the fishway outlet section 5 in the fishway main body 4, enters each fishway pond chamber 12 through each fish passing vertical seam 11, and finally flows out from the fishway inlet 1; induced water flow The migrating fish are lured to enter from the fishway inlet 1, pass through each fishway pond chamber 12 and each fish passing vertical seam 11, and enter the upstream waters through the fishway main body 4, the fishway outlet section 5 and the fishway outlet 7.

This situation is the normal operating condition of the set of facilities, and the water velocity at each place in the main body of the fishway is guaranteed to be 0.5 m/s to 1.5 m/s, so as to attract migrating fish.

3. When the upstream water level is high:

When the upstream water depth h between the side walls 21 of the outlet section is greater than 3 meters, first close the outlet gate 6; then put part of the logger door 18 into the outlet door slot, and adjust the water depth above the logger door to 1 meter~ Within the range of 3 meters; then the exit gate 6 can be partially opened.

At this time, the water flow enters from the fish outlet 7 and climbs over the logger door 18, through the partially opened outlet gate 6, the water flow is controlled, and the water flow is basically smooth after passing through the stilling pool 17 to dissipate energy, and the water depth before entering the fishway main body 4 And the flow state is already within the range of its design water depth; after that, the water flow is the same as the upstream water level of the above-mentioned case 2, and the behavior of migratory fish is also the same.

After the migrating fish swim out of the fishway main body 4, they enter the upstream reservoir 15 through the following steps.

Step 1: Start the upstream fixed fish blocking grid 19 and the downstream moving fish blocking grid 16, and the downstream moving fish blocking grid 16 starts to move upstream from the furthest downstream; migrating fish are intercepted at the upstream fixed fish blocking grid 19 and between the downstream mobile fish blocking grid 16;

Step 2: the fish-collecting box 23 is located at the lowest point, and the downstream moving fish-blocking grid 16 moves upstream to the end point, and the migrating fish are driven into the fish-collecting box 23;

Step 3: Start the lifting transfer device 22 to lift the fish collection box 23 upwards in the vertical direction; simultaneously close the upstream fixed fish blocking grid 19 and the downstream moving fish blocking grid 16, and the downstream fish blocking grid 22 moves downstream;

Step 4: When the fish collection box 23 is lifted to the highest point higher than the side wall 21 of the exit section, the lifting transfer device 22 will tilt the fish collection box 23 and pour migratory fish into the upstream reservoir 15;

Step 5: After the fish collecting compartment 23 is poured, return to its original position and descend;

Step 6: The fish collecting box 23 is lowered to the initial position of the lowest point, while the downstream moving fish blocking grid 16 is located at the initial position farthest downstream, and a fish passing process is completed.

The tunnel type imitation natural fishway combined with the fish blocking and lifting system is a new type of comprehensive arrangement of fish passing facilities, which can adapt to large changes in the water level of the upstream reservoir. When constructing fishways on water conservancy and hydropower projects in high mountains and narrow valleys, tunnel excavation is used instead of open cut, and fishways and tunnels are combined and arranged inside the mountain, which can save a lot of engineering.

The loggates installed at the exit of the tunnel can provide water temperature, flow and velocity suitable for fish migration through layered water intake; internal shrinkage sections can replace the concrete partitions in conventional fishways to simulate the flow conditions of rivers. Natural materials such as pebbles are inlaid to create the edge beach environment of the river, and a lighting system is installed on the top of the tunnel to simulate natural light, so as to achieve the purpose of imitating nature, improve the connection conditions of the upstream and downstream river channels, and reduce the impact of engineering construction on aquatic organisms.

Other parts not specified in detail are prior art.

Claims (9)

1. A kind of fish blocking lifting device of tunnel type imitation natural fishway, is arranged in the fishway outlet section (5) between the fishway main body (4) of tunnel type imitation natural fishway and fishway outlet (7), It is characterized in that: both sides of the fishway outlet section (5) are outlet section side walls (21), between the two outlet section side walls (21) are sequentially arranged along the reverse flow direction: downstream moving fish blocking electric grid (16 ), lifting transfer equipment (22), fish collection box (23), upstream fixed fish blocking grid (19), water retaining breast wall (20) and exit gate (6); between two exit section side walls (21) The upstream water depth h; A stilling pool (17) is also arranged on the bottom plate of the fishway outlet section (5) between the water retaining breast wall (21) and the lifting transfer equipment (22); A logger door (18) is arranged in the fishway outlet (7). 2. The fish blocking lifting device of the tunnel type imitating natural fishway according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fishway main body (4) of the tunnel type imitating natural fishway is arranged on the side of the power plant (8) Inside the mountain body, connecting the downstream riverbed (14) and the water area of the upstream reservoir (15); the fishway inlet (1) of the fishway main body (4) is arranged in the downstream riverbed (14) of the power plant building (8); the fishway main body (4 ) fishway outlet (7) is arranged in the upstream reservoir (15) of the power plant building (8); The main body of the fishway (4) is composed of side walls (4.2) on both sides, a bottom plate (4.3) at the bottom and a top arch (4.1) at the top; a plurality of shrinkage sections (9 ) divide the fishway main body (4) into a plurality of fishway pond chambers (12); The fish passage vertical seam (11) on each contraction section (9) communicates with two adjacent fishway pond chambers (12). 3. The tunnel type fish blocking lifting device for imitating natural fishways according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the outlet gate (6) is arranged on the upstream side of the water retaining breast wall (20), and the outlet gate The top of (6) is arranged on more than the bottom of the water-retaining parapet (20), and the outlet gate (6) is a flat door structure. 4. The tunnel-type fish blocking lifting device for imitating natural fishways according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the water depth between the side walls (21) of the two outlet sections is 1 to 3 meters, and the two outlets The distance between the section side walls (21) is no less than 2 times of the length of the longest fish passing target body; The distance between the walls (21), the distance between the log beam door (18) and the retaining parapet (20) is 1 meter to 5 meters, and the height of the exit gate (6) is at least 3 meters. 5. The tunnel type fish blocking lifting device for imitating natural fishways according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the stilling pool (17) is a sunken structure, and both sides are water retaining breast walls (21 ), the upstream side is a slope surface, the downstream side is a vertical surface, and the bottom surface is horizontal; the longitudinal length and vertical depth of the stilling basin (17) are determined by flood discharge efficiency calculation. The upstream side of the stilling basin (17) is not less than 0.5 meters away from the exit gate (6), and the downstream side of the stilling basin (17) is not less than 0.5 meters away from the lifting and transferring equipment (22). 6. The tunnel-type fish blocking lifting device imitating a natural fishway according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the minimum distance between the downstream moving fish blocking grid (16) and the fishway main body (4) is 0.5 meters to 1.5 meters; the minimum distance between the downstream mobile fish blocking grid (16) and the lifting transfer equipment (22) is 0.5 meters to 1.5 meters; The fish collection box (23) is arranged inside the lifting transfer device (22) and moves vertically; The transverse width of the fish-collecting box (23) is greater than the distance between the two outlet section side walls (21), and the difference between the two is no more than 2 meters, and the longitudinal length of the fish-collecting box (23) is not less than 1 meter; The minimum distance of moving the fish-blocking grid (16) to the fish-collecting compartment (23) is greater than 1 meter, and the upstream fixed fish-blocking grid (19) is greater than 1 meter from the fish-collecting compartment (23). 7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: Depending on the situation of the upstream water level, take the following measures: 1) When the upstream water level is too low: When the upstream water depth h between the side walls (21) of the outlet section is lower than 1 meter, the outlet gate (6) is closed. 2) When the upstream water level is normal: When the upstream water depth h between the side walls (21) of the outlet section is 1 meter to 3 meters, the outlet gates (6) are fully opened, and the stacking beam doors (19) are fully opened. 3) When the upstream water level is high: When the upstream water depth h between the side walls (21) of the outlet section is greater than 3 meters, first close the outlet gate (6); The water depth is adjusted to the range of 1 meter to 3 meters; then the exit gate (6) can be partially opened. 8. According to any one of claims 1 to 6, the tunnel type fish blocking lifting device imitating a natural fishway is characterized in that: after the migratory fish swims out of the main body (4) of the fishway, it enters the upstream through the following steps In the reservoir (15): Step 1: Start the upstream fixed fish blocking grid (19) and the downstream moving fish blocking grid (22), and the downstream moving fish blocking grid (16) starts to move upstream from the farthest downstream; Between the upstream fixed fish blocking grid (19) and the downstream moving fish blocking grid (16); Step 2: the fish collection box (23) is located at the lowest point, and the downstream mobile fish blocking grid (16) moves upstream to the end, and the migrating fish are driven into the fish collection box (23); Step 3: Start the lifting transfer device (22) to lift the fish collection box (23) upwards in the vertical direction; simultaneously close the upstream fixed fish blocking grid (19) and the downstream moving fish blocking grid (16), and the downstream fish blocking The grid (16) moves downstream; Step 4: When the fish collection box (23) is lifted to the highest point higher than the outlet section side wall (21), the lifting transfer device (22) tilts the fish collection box (23) and dumps migratory fish into the upstream reservoir (15 )middle; Step 5: After the fish collection box (23) has been dumped, return to its original position and descend; Step 6: The fish collecting box (23) is lowered to the initial position of the lowest point, and at the same time, the downstream moving fish blocking grid (16) is located at the initial position farthest downstream, and a fish passing process is completed. 9. According to any one of claims 1 to 6, the tunnel-type fish blocking lifting device imitating a natural fishway is characterized in that: the water velocity between the side walls (21) of the two outlet sections is 0.5 m/s ~1.5 m/s.