CN105558432A - Fermented-aroma-type environment-friendly puffed slowly-sinking compound feed for culturing crucian and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fermented-aroma-type environment-friendly puffed slowly-sinking compound feed for culturing crucian and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105558432A CN105558432A CN201610019865.1A CN201610019865A CN105558432A CN 105558432 A CN105558432 A CN 105558432A CN 201610019865 A CN201610019865 A CN 201610019865A CN 105558432 A CN105558432 A CN 105558432A
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- vitamin
- feed
- crucian
- parts
- premix
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fermented-aroma-type environment-friendly puffed slowly-sinking compound feed for culturing crucian. A feed base material is prepared from, by weight, 20-25 parts of soybean meal, 20-25 parts of cottonseed meal, 20-27 parts of wheat, 10-15 parts of rapeseed meal, 15-20 parts of rice bran, 0.2-0.4 part of moringa seeds, 8-10 parts of vinegar residues, 1-2 parts of mineral substance premix, 0.3-0.5 part of vitamin premix, 1.5-2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1.5-3.5 parts of fish oil, 1-2 parts of calcium propionate, (1-3)*10<-6> part of phytase and 0.2-0.5 part of a Chinese herb additive. In the preparing process, main raw materials and accessory material are mixed evenly, the mixture is subjected to microbial fermentation, smashed, puffed and subjected to extrusion granulation, and then the environment-friendly puffed slowly-sinking compound feed, high in digestion and absorption rate, for crucian is obtained. By feeding crucian with the feed, water contamination can be reduced, the survival rate of crucian can be increased, feeding cost can be reduced, and meanwhile cultured crucian is good in bodily form, strong in disease resistance, and capable of providing delicious meat and achieving a healthcare effect on the human health.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the feed of crucian class, being specifically related to a kind of grouts raw material first ferment after again after batching mixing, then coordinate mixed feed and preparation method thereof through the expanded slow heavy property of the ferment flavor type environment protective adult fish of crucian of the techniques such as expanding treatment.
Background technology
Along with the mankind are to the rising of high-end aquatic products demand, crucian delicious meat, property is put down, and taste is sweet, can replenish qi to invigorate the spleen, inducing diuresis to reduce edema, clearing heat and detoxicating, lactogenesis, be applicable to taste air cooling, poor appetite, indigestion, vomiting breast less, the illnesss such as drinking-water, herria of quenching one's thirst.Black carp is tender with meat fertilizer, and delicious fat is beautiful, and protein content exceedes chicken, be top grade in fresh-water fishes, and be subject to everybody favor, crucian cultivation industry develops rapidly, current crucian cultivation feed is also main based on common grit material, generally adopt the common grit material of the dish dregs of rice, wheat and low-quality to throw something and feed in cultivation, cause unit fish culture cost higher, utilization rate is low, residual bait is many, feed waste is large, and feed coefficient higher than 1.6-2.0, and easily sends out intestines problem in breeding process.The crucian grit of common process, the utilization rate of fish only has about 45-70%, and feed coefficient is comparatively large, mostly is more than 1.6.Efficiency of feed utilization is lower, and feed coefficient is high, causes more residual bait deposition, causes breeding water body eutrophication, the discharge of nitrogen phosphorus is higher, and water pollution is heavier, and fish body easily sends out intestines problem, and premunition is weak, fish disease takes place frequently, and output reduces, and the aquaculture cost of unit fish is also higher.Because not meeting the eating habit of crucian, there is the problem that domestication difficulty is difficult to realize in common expanded buoyancy material.Also open for the expanded feed delaying heavy property mixed feed and produce of crucian environmental protection at present, this needs material component, the content of each material component, after suitable production technologies etc. are rich in creative research and test, just can obtain being suitable for crucian carp fish, and nutrition is reasonable, the slow heavy property mixed feed of the environment-friendly high-efficiency crucian puffing that feed coefficient is low.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the expanded slow heavy property mixed feed of a kind of ferment flavor type environment protective adult fish of crucian, feed of the present invention have passed through fermentable, the extraordinary jetsam of feed and buoyant, but there is slow heavy property, more meet the life habit of crucian, have the feature that ANFs major part is destroyed simultaneously, product has fermentation giving off a strong fragrance taste, crucian eating, efficiency of feed utilization is high, and feed coefficient is low, fish body intestinal health, premunition is strong, effectively promotes the feature that crucian grows fast.
Present invention also offers the preparation method of above-mentioned expanded slow heavy property mixed feed.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme:
The expanded slow heavy property mixed feed of a kind of ferment flavor type environment protective adult fish of crucian, is characterized in that: by the formulated feed base-material of the raw material of following weight parts: dregs of beans 20-25, cotton dregs 20-25, wheat 20-27, dish dregs of rice 10-15, rice bran 15-20, moringa seeds 0.2-0.4, acid-sludge 8-10, mineral substance premix 1-2, vitamin premix 0.3-0.5, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5-2, fish oil 1.5-3.5, calcium propionate 1-2, phytase 1 ?3 × 10-6, Chinese herb feed additive 0.2-0.5
Described Chinese herb feed additive extracts dry by the bulk drug of following weight portion and obtains: Radix Codonopsis 10-20, root of large-flowered skullcap 10-20, chrysanthemum 8-10, mulberry leaf 8-10, cordate houttuynia 6-8, Moringa tree root 8-10, fennel seeds 4-6, eaglewood leaf 2-4, agalloch eaglewood 2-4, boiling, obtain extract, concentrate drying and obtaining.
Described mineral substance premix is made up of carrier zeolite and mineral composition, and per kilogram mineral substance premix contains mineral composition and the zeolite of following weight:
Magnesium: 145.4-250.0mg sodium: 150.6-355.0mg potassium: 580.2-1050.0mg
Iron: 80.0-200.0mg copper: 3.5-9.5mg manganese: 20.0-50.0mg
Zinc: 40.0-65.5mg selenium: 0.1-0.2mg cobalt: 0.2-0.4mg
Iodine: 0.4-0.8mg
Surplus is zeolite.
The expanded slow heavy property mixed feed of described a kind of ferment flavor type environment protective adult fish of crucian, it is characterized in that: described vitamin premix is made up of carrier corn protein powder and vitamin composition, per kilogram vitamin premix contains vitamin composition and the corn protein powder of following weight:
Vitamin A: 6000-8000IU vitamine D3: 1200-3000IU vitamin C: 800-1200mg
Vitamin B1: 20.0-30.0mg vitamin E: 80-165mg nicotinic acid: 65-100.0mg
Vitamin B2: 20-40.0mg vitamin B12: 0.02-0.04mg vitamin B6: 50-80mg
Vitamin K3: 10.0-20.0mg folic acid: 4-6mgD-pantothenic acid: 40-80.0mg
Bio: 0.1-0.30mg inositol: 40-60mg
Surplus is corn protein powder.
The preparation method of the expanded slow heavy property mixed feed of described a kind of ferment flavor type environment protective adult fish of crucian, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
1) except grease, vitamin, moringa seeds, phytase, Chinese herb feed additive, take above-mentioned each component raw material by formula rate, all raw materials taken are uniformly mixed mixing;
2) add Bacillus acidi lactici in the material after mixing, bacillus coagulans liquid spawn carries out fermentable 45-48 hour, pack, the addition of two kinds of bacterial classifications is respectively 2% of mixed material quality;
3) material after fermentable, after pulverizing and allowing material cross 80-100 mesh sieve, is mixing with the moringa seeds in formula, phytase, Chinese herb feed additive;
4) by above-mentioned steps 3) in the feed that the mixes input expanded modified chamber of twin shaft paddle, steam pressure be 0.30-0.4Mpa, humidity is 25-30%, temperature modified 200-220 second under being 131-135 DEG C of condition, prescind after base-material is extruded, cooling, obtains expanded slow heavy property mixed feed base-material;
5) to the above-mentioned spraying of mixed feed base-material grease, vitamin heat-sensitive substance, expanded slow heavy property finished feed is obtained.
Step 1) described in raw material through batching mixing after undergo microbial fermentation; degraded material ANFs; and do not add any antibiotic; then by special bulking process; improve digestive utilization ratio; reduce the discharge of water body nitrogen phosphorus to the pollution of water body, protection intestinal health, improve fish body premunition.
Per kilogram mineral substance premix formula is as follows:
Magnesium: 145.4-250.0mg sodium: 150.6-355.0mg potassium: 580.2-1050.0mg
Iron: 80.0-200.0mg copper: 3.5-9.5mg manganese: 20.0-50.0mg
Zinc: 40.0-65.5mg selenium: 0.1-0.2mg cobalt: 0.2-0.4mg
Iodine: 0.4-0.8mg
Surplus is zeolite,
The outfit of this mineral substance premix Minerals composition both can meet the demand of crucian, simultaneously to feed comparatively low-density higher curing degree tool facilitation.
In per kilogram vitamin premix, the outfit of vitamin composition is as follows:
Vitamin A: 6000-8000IU vitamine D3: 1200-3000IU vitamin C: 800-1200mg
Vitamin B1: 20.0-30.0mg vitamin E: 80-165mg nicotinic acid: 65-100.0mg
Vitamin B2: 20-40.0mg vitamin B12: 0.02-0.04mg vitamin B6: 50-80mg
Vitamin K3: 10.0-20.0mg folic acid: 4-6mgD-pantothenic acid: 40-80.0mg
Bio: 0.1-0.30mg inositol: 40-60mg
Surplus is corn protein powder,
In this vitamin premix, the outfit of vitamin composition both can meet the demand of crucian, avoided again sucking excessive having side effects, and had facilitation to expanded slow heavy property mixed feed curing degree simultaneously.
The material component of feed formula of the present invention and proportioning and production technology are the technical schemes that the technical staff of our company sums up out from a large amount of experiments, obtained feed is the expanded slow heavy property feed of high digestibility, due to the process of undergo microbial fermentation process and puff extrusion process, this expanded slow heavy property feed has numerous superiority, its puffed soybean raw material is by fermentable process, create a large amount of beneficial agents promoting fish growth, degrade the ANFs in raw material, the comprehensive function of the factor such as broken and puff extrusion process by fine powder, reach sterilizing, destroy ANFs completely, the abundant gelatinization of starch, albuminous degeneration, improve feed digestibility, improve the palatability of feed, improve fodder energy, improve feed stability, the moringa seeds added in formula improves the immunity of fish, the Chinese herb feed additive added has clearing heat and detoxicating, improve immunity, effect of smelling removal, crucian is fed with this feed, fish growth is fast, delicious meat, the incidence of disease is low, slow heavy property feed improves crucian ingesting to feed simultaneously, slow down feed to sink under water the waste caused.By the rear spraying coating process of the heat-sensitive substance such as grease, vitamin, grease can spray evenly, can be uniformly distributed and penetrate into granule interior, simultaneously adds required grease to feed easily, and addition accurately and easily control.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1, this feed have passed through fermentable process, and feed has a kind of ferment odor type, is particularly suitable for crucian and ingests;
2, preparation of this expanded slow heavy mixed feed adopts expanded slow heavy technology, and feed has slow heavy property, decreases feed and to sink under water the feed waste caused, better meet again the life habit meeting crucian on the one hand simultaneously;
3, feed of the present invention adopts the technique of nonreactive fermentation and the broken expanding treatment of fine powder, and in feed, ANFs reduces or eliminates, easier absorption and digestion after fish are edible; With feedstuff feeding crucian of the present invention, the build forming fish is good, intestinal health, and premunition is strong, and improve its feeding value, fish is energetic, delicious meat, can play the effect of health care to health;
4, feed of the present invention eliminates most ANFs in grouts raw material, because main material has carried out fermentable process before slaking, creates a large amount of enzyme preparations and metabolite in sweat, has eliminated the negative effect of ANFs.After crucian food, utilization rate is higher, and can reach more than 85%, corresponding feed coefficient is lower is 1.2-1.2, and the utilization rate of phosphorus is high, the excretion of nitrogen phosphorus is reduced, and reduces or avoids Water Eutrophication state, reducing the pollution at water source, improve fish survival rate;
5, the stability of feed of the present invention in water is high, wheat, fish meal, dregs of beans, rapeseed dregs etc., under the immixture of high temperature, high pressure, the physical and chemical properties change of material is strong, the abundant gelatinization of starch, albuminous degeneration, improve the stability of feed, and residual bait rate declines about 40% than common hard pellet diet, the feed cost of cultivation also can decline about 25%, improves the business efficiency of crucian carp fish culture;
6, the moringa seeds that feed of the present invention adds in formula improves the immunity of fish, and the Chinese herb feed additive of interpolation has clearing heat and detoxicating, to improve immunity, smelling removal effect, and with this feed hello crucian, fish growth is fast, delicious meat, the incidence of disease are low.
Therefore to have digestibility high for this expanded slow heavy property mixed feed; ANFs destructive rate is high; feed is higher at water stability; feed coefficient is low; the advantages such as the utilization rate of phosphorus feed cost that is high, cultivation is low, improve the premunition of fish body, protection intestinal health; obvious growth promoting effects speed, and the feature of delicious meat.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
The expanded slow heavy property mixed feed of a kind of ferment flavor type environment protective adult fish of crucian, take dregs of beans 21 kilograms in proportion, cotton dregs 25 kilograms, wheat 20 kilograms, the dish dregs of rice 10 kilograms, 17.5 kilograms, rice bran, moringa seeds 0.3 kilogram, acid-sludge 9 kilograms, mineral substance premix 1 kilogram, vitamin premix 0.5 kilogram, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5 kilograms, 2.5 kilograms, fish oil, calcium propionate 1 kilogram, phytase 2 × 10-6, Chinese herb feed additive 0.4, all materials except grease, moringa seeds, phytase, Chinese herb feed additive and multidimensional mix
Wherein, Chinese herb feed additive extracts dry by the bulk drug of following weight (kg) and obtains: Radix Codonopsis 14, the root of large-flowered skullcap 16, chrysanthemum 10, mulberry leaf 10, cordate houttuynia 7, Moringa tree root 9, fennel seeds 5, eaglewood leaf 3, agalloch eaglewood 3, and boiling, obtains extract, concentrate drying and obtaining
The carrier of mineral substance premix is zeolite, and per kilogram mineral substance premix contains the mineral composition of following weight:
Magnesium: 205.35mg, sodium: 255.5mg, potassium: 748.8mg, iron: 91.7mg, copper: 5.8mg, manganese: 40.8mg, zinc: 45.9mg, selenium: 0.15mg, cobalt: 0.2mg, iodine: 0.4mg;
The carrier of vitamin premix is corn protein powder, and per kilogram vitamin premix contains the vitamin composition of following weight:
Vitamin A: 7050IU, vitamine D3: 1650IU, vitamin C: 1008mg, vitamin B1: 25mg, vitamin E: 150mg, nicotinic acid: 80mg, vitamin B2: 35mg, vitamin B12: 0.03mg, vitamin B6: 60mg, Vitamin K3: 15mg, folic acid: 3mg.D-VB5: 60mg, Bio: 0.2mg, inositol: 50mg;
Mixed material adds 2% lactic acid bacteria and 2% bacillus coagulans carries out fermentable 48 hours, pack;
Material after fermentable is again after pulverizing and allowing material cross 80 mesh sieves, mixing with the moringa seeds in formula, phytase, Chinese herb feed additive, then inputted in the expanded modified chamber of twin shaft paddle modified, steam pressure be 0.35Mpa, humidity is 27%, temperature modified 200-220 second under being 131-135 DEG C of condition, prescind after base-material is extruded, after cooling, obtain expanded slow heavy property mixed feed base-material; To the above-mentioned expanded slow heavy spraying of property mixed feed base-material grease, vitamin heat-sensitive substance, obtain expanded slow heavy property mixed feed finished product.
Embodiment 2
Substantially the same manner as Example 1, difference is dregs of beans: 22 kilograms, wheat: 19.5 kilograms, cotton dregs: 24.5 kilograms, and preparation method is with embodiment 1, and obtained expanded slow heavy property finished feed after measured treatments of the sample rate reaches 90%.
Embodiment 3
Substantially the same manner as Example 1, difference is dregs of beans: 23 kilograms, cotton dregs: 22 kilograms, wheat 20.5 kilograms, and preparation method, with embodiment 1, adopts the preparation method of embodiment 1 to obtain finished product, and the digestibility of expanded slow heavy property finished feed is 92% after measured.
The weight amount proportioning of each component in above-described embodiment, the content of each mineral composition of per kilogram mineral substance premix, the content of each vitamin composition in per kilogram vitamin premix, can adjust in the scope of the invention according to different crucian different growing stages, the demand such as protein, minerals and vitamins in general early stage is less, the demand such as protein, minerals and vitamins in later stage is comparatively large, does not therefore enumerate enforcement at this.
Contrast with expanded slow heavy property feed of the present invention and common hard pellet diet, as the bait of throwing something and feeding of the crucian of cultivation, one day 3 times, until form, feed coefficient only has 1.25 after measured, efficiency of feed utilization is high, and the feed cost of cultivation per kilogram crucian is lower than common hard pellet diet by 23.0%, nitrogen phosphate excretion rate respectively low 40.6% and 28.6%.And the bodily form forming fish is good, intestinal health, premunition is strong, and effectively promote the growth of crucian, delicious meat, fishlike smell is light, nutritious, can play the effect of health care to health.
Claims (4)
1. the expanded slow heavy property mixed feed of ferment flavor type environment protective adult fish of crucian, is characterized in that: by the formulated feed base-material of the raw material of following weight parts: dregs of beans 20-25, cotton dregs 20-25, wheat 20-27, dish dregs of rice 10-15, rice bran 15-20, moringa seeds 0.2-0.4, acid-sludge 8-10, mineral substance premix 1-2, vitamin premix 0.3-0.5, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5-2, fish oil 1.5-3.5, calcium propionate 1-2, phytase 1 ?3 × 10-6, Chinese herb feed additive 0.2-0.5
Described Chinese herb feed additive extracts dry by the bulk drug of following weight portion and obtains: Radix Codonopsis 10-20, root of large-flowered skullcap 10-20, chrysanthemum 8-10, mulberry leaf 8-10, cordate houttuynia 6-8, Moringa tree root 8-10, fennel seeds 4-6, eaglewood leaf 2-4, agalloch eaglewood 2-4, boiling, obtain extract, concentrate drying and obtaining.
2. the expanded slow heavy property mixed feed of a kind of ferment flavor type environment protective adult fish of crucian according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described mineral substance premix is made up of carrier zeolite and mineral composition, and per kilogram mineral substance premix contains mineral composition and the zeolite of following weight:
Magnesium: 145.4-250.0mg sodium: 150.6-355.0mg potassium: 580.2-1050.0mg
Iron: 80.0-200.0mg copper: 3.5-9.5mg manganese: 20.0-50.0mg
Zinc: 40.0-65.5mg selenium: 0.1-0.2mg cobalt: 0.2-0.4mg
Iodine: 0.4-0.8mg
Surplus is zeolite.
3. the expanded slow heavy property mixed feed of a kind of ferment flavor type environment protective adult fish of crucian according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described vitamin premix is made up of carrier corn protein powder and vitamin composition, per kilogram vitamin premix contains vitamin composition and the corn protein powder of following weight:
Vitamin A: 6000-8000IU vitamine D3: 1200-3000IU vitamin C: 800-1200mg
Vitamin B1: 20.0-30.0mg vitamin E: 80-165mg nicotinic acid: 65-100.0mg
Vitamin B2: 20-40.0mg vitamin B12: 0.02-0.04mg vitamin B6: 50-80mg
Vitamin K3: 10.0-20.0mg folic acid: 4-6mgD-pantothenic acid: 40-80.0mg
Bio: 0.1-0.30mg inositol: 40-60mg
Surplus is corn protein powder.
4. the preparation method of the expanded slow heavy property mixed feed of a kind of ferment flavor type environment protective adult fish of crucian according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
1) except grease, vitamin, moringa seeds, phytase, Chinese herb feed additive, take above-mentioned each component raw material by formula rate, all raw materials taken are uniformly mixed mixing;
2) add Bacillus acidi lactici in the material after mixing, bacillus coagulans liquid spawn carries out fermentable 45-48 hour, pack, the addition of two kinds of bacterial classifications is respectively 2% of mixed material quality;
3) material after fermentable, after pulverizing and allowing material cross 80-100 mesh sieve, is mixing with the moringa seeds in formula, phytase, Chinese herb feed additive;
4) by above-mentioned steps 3) in the feed that the mixes input expanded modified chamber of twin shaft paddle, steam pressure be 0.30-0.4Mpa, humidity is 25-30%, temperature modified 200-220 second under being 131-135 DEG C of condition, prescind after base-material is extruded, cooling, obtains expanded slow heavy property mixed feed base-material;
5) to the above-mentioned spraying of mixed feed base-material grease, vitamin heat-sensitive substance, expanded slow heavy property finished feed is obtained.
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| CN108850692A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-23 | 西南大学 | A kind of composite bait for fish culture |
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| CN108617850A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-10-09 | 安徽天邦饲料科技有限公司 | Low albumen efficient adult fish of crucian feed high in fat of a kind of ferment odor type and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20160511 |