CN105521764A - 用于污水处理的包覆型磁性纳米复合材料及其制备和应用 - Google Patents
用于污水处理的包覆型磁性纳米复合材料及其制备和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 11
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001447 ferric ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IQFVPQOLBLOTPF-HKXUKFGYSA-L congo red Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C1=CC=CC2=C(N)C(/N=N/C3=CC=C(C=C3)C3=CC=C(C=C3)/N=N/C3=C(C4=CC=CC=C4C(=C3)S([O-])(=O)=O)N)=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C21 IQFVPQOLBLOTPF-HKXUKFGYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
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- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
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- 229910016874 Fe(NO3) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料,其采用浸渍法,以无机铁盐为原料,以介孔碳为载体,以乙醇和水为溶剂,经水解得到前躯体,再通过在充满氩气的管式炉中煅烧制得。采用本发明方法制备得到的包覆型的磁性铁氧化物介孔碳纳米复合材料的原料成本低、安全绿色、金属颗粒分散度高且尺寸小而均一,具有优异的物理吸附性能、较高的催化活性和可回收循环使用等优点,可应用于工业废水处理,具有广阔的应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于污水处理和磁性纳米材料技术领域,涉及一种用于污水处理的磁性纳米复合材料及其制备和应用。
背景技术
目前,磁性铁/碳复合材料由于具有高效、低成本以及易回收等特点,被广泛的应用于工业废水处理中。例如:以活性碳为载体的负载型磁性铁的氧化物复合型材料,已广泛的应用于吸附工艺中;随着非均相芬顿反应催化剂研究的进行,一些铁/碳复合型催化剂也渐渐地应用于高级氧化工艺中。
现有的铁/碳复合材料,一般都是将磁性颗粒负载在载体表面上,磁性颗粒不仅易脱落,造成二次污染,堆积在池底的载体也会形成淤泥,堵塞设备,而且像活性碳、碳纤维这些比表面积较小的传统碳载体,已无法满足当今水体污染物净化的要求。
因此,目前存在的问题是需要研究开发一种能够显著提高磁性颗粒的稳定性,具有较强的吸附能力,且能有效降解有机污染物的磁性复合材料。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足,提供一种用于污水处理的磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料。纳米复合材料能够显著提高磁性颗粒的稳定性,具有较强的吸附能力,且能有效降解有机污染物,可用于工业废水处理。
为此,本发明第一方面提供了一种用于污水处理的磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料,其包括介孔碳以及包覆于介孔碳孔道内的磁性氧化铁纳米粒子,其中,所述磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料的比表面积为500-1200平方米/克。
根据本发明,在所述磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料中,磁性铁氧化物的质量含量为0.5%-40%。所述磁性铁氧化物纳米粒子的粒径为0.5-70纳米。优选所述磁性铁氧化物纳米粒子的粒径为0.5-50纳米。更为优选的,所述磁性铁氧化物纳米粒子的粒径为2-10纳米。所述介孔碳的比表面积在800-1500平方米/克。
本发明第二方面提供了一种如本发明第一方面所述的纳米复合材料的制备方法,其包括:
步骤A,将无机铁盐溶于水和乙醇的混合液中,配制成铁离子溶液;
步骤B,将铁离子溶液与介孔碳粉末混合,搅拌均匀后,干燥,制得磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料前体Ⅰ;
步骤C,在氨存在条件下,将磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料前体Ⅰ进行水解反应,然后干燥,制得磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料前体Ⅱ;
步骤D,将磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料前体Ⅱ在无氧条件下进行煅烧,制得磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料。
在本发明的一些实施例中,在步骤B中,搅拌的时间为3-20小时。优选搅拌的时间为12小时。所述干燥的温度为0-80℃。优选所述干燥的温度为50℃。
在本发明的另一些实施例中,在步骤C中,所述水解反应的温度为40-80℃。优选水解反应的温度60℃。所述水解反应的时间为1-6小时。所述干燥的温度为40-80℃。优选所述干燥的温度为50℃。
在本发明又一些实施例中,在步骤D中,所述煅烧的温度为100-1000℃。所述煅烧的时间为1-10小时。
根据本发明的一个实施例,在步骤A中,在所述混合溶液中,水与乙醇的体积比为1:1。
根据本发明,在步骤B中,以铁离子溶液的体积计的介孔碳的量为4:1。
根据本发明,在铁离子溶液中,无机铁盐的浓度为0.1-1摩尔/升。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述无机铁盐包括硝酸铁、氯化铁、氯化亚铁、硫酸铁和硫酸亚铁中的至少一种。优选所述无机铁盐为硝酸铁。
根据本发明,在步骤C中,以氨水的体积计磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料前体Ⅰ的量为50:1。
本发明第三方面提供了如本发明第一方面所述的纳米复合材料或如本发明第二方面所述的方法制备的纳米复合材料在工业废水处理中的应用。
本发明中,优选所述工业废水中的污染物包括亚甲基蓝、甲基橙、刚果红、罗丹明、苯酚、砷、铅和汞中的至少一种。更为优选的所述工业废水中的污染物为甲基橙。
附图说明
下面将结合附图来说明本发明。
图1是本发明实施例1中制备的磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料的透射电镜(TEM)图。
图2是图1的放大图。
图3是本发明实施例1中制备的磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料的X射线衍射(XRD)图。
图4是本发明实施例2中亚甲基蓝在实施例1中制备的磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料作用下的降解效率图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明更加容易理解,下面将结合实施例和附图来详细说明本发明,这些实施例仅起到说明性作用,并不局限于本发明的应用范围。
本发明采用以下具体实施方式来实现本发明:
在本发明的一个具体实施方式中,本发明涉及一种用于污水处理的磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料,其为包覆型磁性铁氧化物介孔碳纳米复合材料;其包括作为载体的介孔碳以及包覆于介孔碳孔道内的磁性铁氧化物纳米粒子,其中,所述磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料的比表面积为500-1200平方米/克。
本发明中,优选具有较高比表面积和较高孔体积的介孔碳作为载体,例如,可以选择高比面积、高孔积的介孔碳CMK-3,其比表面积在800-1500平方米/克。
在所述磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料中,磁性铁氧化物的质量含量为0.5%-40%。所述磁性铁氧化物纳米粒子的粒径为0.5-70纳米。优选所述磁性铁氧化物纳米粒子的粒径为0.5-50纳米。更为优选的,所述磁性铁氧化物纳米粒子的粒径为2-10纳米。
在本发明的另一个具体实施方式中,本发明涉及一种用于污水处理的磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)将无机铁盐溶于水和乙醇的混合液中,配制成铁离子溶液;在铁离子溶液中,所述铁无机盐溶液的浓度范围为0.1-1摩尔/升;在所述混合溶液中,水与乙醇的体积比为1:1。
(2)将铁离子溶液浸入到介孔碳粉末(例如介孔碳CMK-3)(或者将介孔碳粉末加入铁离子溶液中),搅拌分散3-20小时,优选搅拌分散12小时后,在烘箱中0-80℃,优选50℃干燥,制得磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料前体Ⅰ。
(3)将磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料前体Ⅰ随容器放在盛有氨水的玻璃瓶中,磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料前体Ⅰ不与氨水接触,将玻璃瓶放在烘箱中,在40-80℃,优选60℃下保持1-6小时进行水解反应,随即将水解反应后的产物(含Fe(OH)x配合物)放在烘箱中,在40-80℃下,优选在50℃下干燥12小时,制得粉末状磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料前体Ⅱ。
(4)将粉末状磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料前体Ⅱ用瓷舟装载,放入通有惰性气体,例如氩气的管式炉内,在100-1000℃的温度下进行高温处理(煅烧)1-10小时,制得磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料(包覆型磁性铁氧化物介孔碳纳米复合材料)。
本发明中,优选所述铁氧化物为四氧化三铁。
本发明中,所述无机铁盐包括硝酸铁、氯化铁、氯化亚铁、硫酸铁、硫酸亚铁中至少一种。优选所述无机铁盐为硝酸铁。
本发明这所述用语“在无氧条件下进行煅烧”是指在惰性气体存在条件下,进行煅烧。所述惰性气体包括但不限于氩气和/或氮气。
在本发明的一个进一步具体的实施方式中,本发明涉及在工业废水处理中的应用。所述工业废水中的污染物,例如包括亚甲基蓝、甲基橙、刚果红、罗丹明、苯酚、砷、铅和汞中的至少一种。优选所述工业废水中的污染物为甲基橙。
本发明的磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料为一种包覆型的磁性铁氧化物介孔碳纳米复合材料。本发明通过以介孔碳为载体,利用其限域作用,使磁性铁氧化物纳米粒子高度均匀地分散在其狭窄的孔道中,由此实现对磁性铁氧化物纳米粒子的包覆,从而有效地提高了纳米复合材料的稳定性和吸附性能。
本发明所提供的包覆型的磁性铁氧化物介孔碳纳米复合材料,采用浸渍法,以无机铁盐为原料,以介孔碳为载体,以乙醇和水为溶剂,经预水解得到前躯体,再通过在充满惰性气体(氩气)的管式炉中煅烧制得。采用本发明方法制备包覆型的磁性铁氧化物介孔碳纳米复合材料,原料成本低、安全绿色、金属颗粒分散度高且尺寸小而均一,具有优异的物理吸附性能、较高的催化活性和可回收循环使用等优点,可应用于工业废水处理,具有广阔的应用价值。
实施例
实施例1:制备磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料
将0.8062克(g)九水合硝酸铁溶于5毫升(mL)水和5毫升(mL)乙醇的混合溶液中,溶液浓度约为0.33摩尔/升(mol/L),将硝酸铁溶液浸渍到1克(g)介孔碳CMK-3中,搅拌分散12小时后,在50℃烘箱中干燥12小时。将干燥后的样品随容器放在盛有50毫升(mL)氨水的玻璃瓶中,样品与氨水不接触。将玻璃瓶放在60℃烘箱中保持3小时,随即将水解处理后的样品在50℃烘箱中干燥12小时。所得固体粉末用瓷舟装载,放入通有氩气的管式炉内,在500℃下进行煅烧,即可得到四氧化三铁负载量为10wt%的磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料(包覆型的磁性铁氧化物介孔碳纳米复合材料),其透射电镜图片见图1和图2。从图1和图2可以看出在该磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料中,尺寸均一的磁性铁氧化物纳米粒子均匀的分布在介孔碳的孔道中。
该磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料的X射线衍射(XRD)图见图3,从图3可以看出四氧化三铁的特征峰。
实施例2:将实施例1中制备的磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料用于降解亚甲基蓝
称取10毫克(mg)实施例1制得的包覆型的磁性铁氧化物介孔碳纳米复合材料,置于25毫升(mL)浓度为750毫克/升(mg/L)的亚甲基蓝水溶液中,超声分散10分钟后,放在暗处静止2小时。待吸-脱附基本平衡后,加入2毫升(mL)双氧水,超声10分钟,随即放在40℃水浴中反应。最后,通过紫外-可见分光光度计检测亚甲基蓝的降解效率,结果见图4。
图4中显示出亚甲基蓝的在磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料的作用下的降解曲线,从图4可以看出,28小时内基本可以将高浓度亚甲基蓝降解完全。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于污水处理的磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料,其包括介孔碳以及包覆于介孔碳孔道内的磁性氧化铁纳米粒子,其中,所述磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料的比表面积为500-1200平方米/克。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纳米复合材料,其特征在于,在所述磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料中,磁性铁氧化物的质量含量为0.5%-40%;所述磁性铁氧化物纳米粒子的粒径为0.5-70纳米;优选所述磁性铁氧化物纳米粒子的粒径为0.5-50纳米;更为优选的,所述磁性铁氧化物纳米粒子的粒径为2-10纳米;所述介孔碳的比表面积在800-1500平方米/克。
3.一种如权利要求1或2所述的纳米复合材料的制备方法,其包括:
步骤A,将无机铁盐溶于水和乙醇的混合液中,配制成铁离子溶液;
步骤B,将铁离子溶液与介孔碳粉末混合,搅拌均匀后,干燥,制得磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料前体Ⅰ;
步骤C,在氨存在条件下,将磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料前体Ⅰ进行水解反应,然后干燥,制得磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料前体Ⅱ;
步骤D,将磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料前体Ⅱ在无氧条件下进行煅烧,制得磁性铁氧化物/介孔碳纳米复合材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤B中,搅拌的时间为3-20小时;优选搅拌的时间为12小时;所述干燥的温度为0-80℃;优选所述干燥的温度为50℃。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤C中,所述水解反应的温度为40-80℃;优选水解反应的温度60℃;所述水解反应的时间为1-6小时;所述干燥的温度为40-80℃;优选所述干燥的温度为50℃。
6.根据权利要求3到5中任意一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤D中,所述煅烧的温度为100-1000℃;所述煅烧的时间为1-10小时。
7.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤B中,以铁离子溶液的体积计的介孔碳的量为4:1。
8.根据权利要求3或7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在铁离子溶液中,无机铁盐的浓度为0.1-1摩尔/升。
9.根据权利要求3、7和8中任意一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述无机铁盐包括硝酸铁、氯化铁、氯化亚铁、硫酸铁和硫酸亚铁中的至少一种;优选所述无机铁盐为硝酸铁。
10.如权利1或2所述的纳米复合材料或如权利要求3到10中任意一项所述的方法制备的纳米复合材料在工业废水处理中的应用,所述工业废水中的污染物包括亚甲基蓝、甲基橙、刚果红、罗丹明、苯酚、砷、铅和汞中的至少一种;优选所述工业废水中的污染物为甲基橙。
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