CN105510258B - Experimental method of the nitrate in the underground water lake interface migration for having water plant - Google Patents
Experimental method of the nitrate in the underground water lake interface migration for having water plant Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the experimental method that a kind of nitrate is migrated at the underground water lake interface for having water plant, belong to hydraulic engineering, Geological Engineering and field of environment engineering, comprise the following steps：Prepare artificial ground water and pre-processed；Running experiment device simultaneously adds nitrate:Peristaltic pump is opened, starts to input artificial ground water into lower header, by the pump-absorb action of peristaltic pump, makes water from lower header to upper water box, waterpower occurs between upper water box and lower header and exchanges, persistent loop operation, which makes to exchange between overlying water and lakebed, reaches balance；The periodic monitor of nitrate during circular flow；Carry out nitrogen equilibrium and hydrologic(al) budget analysis.The present invention uses self-made experimental device（Upper water box+deposit+lower header）, effectively compensate for the not visible property of underground water, monitor the defects of difficult, the flow velocity of underground water is controlled with peristaltic pump, can intuitively portray very much surface water and groundwater reciprocation and monitoring nitrate is migrated at underground water lake interface.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the experimental method that a kind of nitrate is migrated at the underground water for having water plant-lake interface, belong to
Hydraulic engineering, Geological Engineering and field of environment engineering.
Background technology
Underground water-lake reciprocation turns into an important governing factor of lake ecological at many aspects.Underground water
It is an important part of lake hydrologic(al) budget, row's relation is mended in this underground water-lake may finally determine the life in lake
Thing geochemistry and ecological process.Many researchs show underground water to Lakes in Nutrition salt equilibrium, hole Hydro-chemical component, aquatic plant
Thing growth has important contribution, and the nutritive salt that seepage action of ground water carries accounts for the 50% of many Lakes in Nutrition salt.Control the richness in lake
Nutrient laden key is to control the nutrient concentrations of lake water, and controls the key of nutrient concentrations to be turned off the defeated of nutriment
Enter, find out the transport way of nutriment and be controlled by being the important content for administering lake eutrophication, therefore how to pass through
The means of underground water-lake interface seepage action of ground water are controlled to control the nutritive salt into lake to cause concern.
It is different to enter lake from surface water, due to reasons such as visual poor, the monitoring difficulty of underground water and somewhat expensives, all the time
In continuous heuristic process, studied seldom especially with regard to contribution of the underground water to Lakes in Nutrition material, it is also not yet heavy enough
Depending on.In the water balance estimation in lake, the qualitative research of groundwater lake inflow is more, and Quantitative study is less, all the time shadow
Ring the accuracy of Water Balance of Lakes and nutriment EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATION FOR PROCESS.For contribution of the current underground water to Lakes in Nutrition material
Subject matter existing in terms of research, research is concentrated on the flux at underground water-lake interface, simultaneously because underground water is visual
The reasons such as difference, monitoring difficulty and somewhat expensive, lack transition process of the nitrate at the underground water for having submerged plant-lake interface
Research.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are for problem present in above-mentioned background technology, there is provided one kind can be with
Effective sampling and measurement study the nitrate of nitrate transfer rule on the underground water for having water plant-lake circle
The experimental method of face migration, theoretical foundation and technology are provided for the research for nitrate pollutants in underground water-lake interface
Support, for the input of nutriment in control seepage action of ground water, administer lake eutrophication and theoretical foundation is provided.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：Nitrate the underground water for having water plant-
The experimental method of lake interface migration, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) prepare artificial ground water and pre-processed:The solution with nitrate ion is equipped with as artificial ground water,
Collect and clean sand of the particle size for 0.5-1mm as deposit, take submerged plant to be used as experimental subjects after cleaning；
(2) running experiment device and nitrate is added:Experimental provision is divided into two parts, and upper water box is used to simulate lake water,
Experiment initial stage adds deionized water to upper water box, has recorded initial water level；Lower header is used to simulate containing nitrate artificially
Lower water；There is one layer of sedimentary between upper water box and lower header, sedimentary is made up of deposit, set between sedimentary and lower header
There is filter screen, sedimentary is positioned on filter screen, and underground water-lake interface is made；Submerged plant is added in sedimentary, plants heavy water
During the embedment of thing root system is husky；Peristaltic pump is opened, starts to input artificial ground water into lower header, while by peristaltic pump pumping make
With, make artificial ground water from lower header to upper water box, between upper water box and lower header occur waterpower exchanges, persistent loop run make
Exchanged between overlying water and lakebed and reach balance；
(3) during circular flow nitrate periodic monitor：Overlying water is extracted from experimental provision by the predetermined time
And pore water, fully rock, nitrate concentration is measured with ultraviolet specrophotometer；
(4) after experiment terminates, by deposit hierarchical block, be averaged some pieces of decile, and then piecemeal determines every piece of deposit
In nitrate nitrogen content；Finally every piece of nitrate nitrogen content is added up and obtains nitrate nitrogen total amount in deposit；
The method for determining the nitrate nitrogen content in every piece of deposit is：Certain volume sand is taken out in every piece with husky device is taken
Sample, the nitrate contained after sampling in separation of sediment:Vibrated with supersonic oscillations instrument, retained and adsorbed by ultrasonic separation
The nitrate on silt surface, then determines nitrate nitrogen content.
(5) nitrogen pool of artificial ground water is inputted (under i.e. by peristaltic pump according to Lake shoal statistics in experimental provision
The input nitrate nitrogen amount stated), the nitrogen concentration analyzed in lake water changes with time and calculates lake water amount further according to lake stage, then
Total nitrate nitrogen amount in lake water is calculated, finally carries out nitrogen equilibrium and hydrologic(al) budget analysis.
Nitrate nitrogen amount in lake water calculates：According to the upper water box Lake shoal and upper water box monitored in real time in experimental provision
Sectional area product calculates upper water box water Volume Changes, and lake water is calculated by the product of nitrogen concentration in lake water volume and lake water
In nitrate nitrogen amount；
Nitrate nitrogen amount is inputted to calculate：Nitrate multiplies in the artificial ground water of upper water box water Volume Changes and lower header
Product calculates total nitrate nitrogen amount of input；
Nitrate nitrogen amount calculates in deposit：By deposit hierarchical block, average some pieces of decile, then piecemeal determines every piece
Nitrate nitrogen content in deposit；Piecemeal determines the step of nitrate nitrogen content in every piece of deposit and is：Use supersonic oscillations instrument
Vibration, retained by ultrasonic separation and adsorb the nitrate on silt surface, and determine nitrate nitrogen content；Finally by every block of nitre
State nitrogen content is cumulative to obtain nitrate nitrogen total amount in deposit；
Nitrogen is balanced and hydrologic(al) budget analysis refers to inputting in nitrate nitrogen amount=lake water nitrate nitrogen amount in nitrate nitrogen amount+deposit
+ plant absorption and volatile quantity.
In step (1), artificial ground water is by KNO3、KH2PO4、CaCl2And MgSO4Configuration forms.
In step (2), the rotating speed of peristaltic pump is 0.8rpm, and peristaltic pump at the uniform velocity inputs artificial ground water to lower header.
In step (4), the colloid on silt surface, supersonic oscillations instrument vibration 2h are trapped in ultrasonic separation.
In step (2), open peristaltic pump before, checking experiment device whether leak and experimental provision it is whether normal, such as
It is without exception to use deionized water rinsing experimental provision, the sand cleaned is gone in the upper water box of experimental provision, it is artificial to turn over up and down
Turn sand bed several times, to exclude the gas in sand bed completely.
In step (1), nitrate concentration is 30mg/L in artificial ground water.
In step (2), exchanged between overlying water and lakebed and reach balance and refer to that the concentration of overlying water nitrate reaches stable shape
State.
The invention has the advantages that：
(1) present invention uses self-made experimental device (upper water box+deposit+lower header), effectively compensate for underground water
The defects of not visible property, difficult monitoring, the flow velocity of underground water is controlled with peristaltic pump, can intuitively portray very much surface water-
Underground water reciprocation and monitoring nitrate are in underground water-lake interface migration.(2) nitrate stratified sampling in the present invention,
Deposit is layered, it is ensured that sampling orderly simultaneously makes sand-like representative, has accomplished scientific measurement.(3) due to
Adopted sand-like, which is manually swayed, can only separate small part nitrate, and ultrasonic wave need to be used to reach the accurate measurement of nitrate concentration
Shaker vibrates, and finds that the Best Times of vibration are 2h, are basically unchanged more than 2h shake numbers, show grains of sand surface through practice
Nitrate departs from substantially, by constantly practice during measurement, has summed up the nutrition that underground water carries on underground water-lake interface
Salt enters the specific scope of lake amount.This method can make up underground water and be discharged into the defects of Lakes in Nutrition salt is difficult to quantitative calculating.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the experimental facilities schematic diagram of the present invention, wherein 1, upper water box；2nd, iron wire filter screen；3rd, lower header；4th, wriggle
Pump；5th, plastic containers；
Fig. 2 is that overlying water pollutant nitrate concentration changes with time graph of a relation, it can be seen that nitric acid after 14 days
Salt enters concentration in lake water and tended towards stability, and this is mainly that river overlying water basically reaches consistent result with the concentration of pore water.
As can be seen here, the inventive method can be good at reflecting nitrate in lake overlying water and interstitial exchange process.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The experimental method that nitrate is migrated at the underground water for having water plant-lake interface, comprises the following steps：
(1) prepare artificial ground water and pre-processed:It is equipped with molten with various concentrations gradient nitrate anion and urea
As artificial ground water, sand that collection cut size size is 0.5-1mm is simultaneously washed with deionized water and is used as deposit only liquid, take length with
Submerged plant similar in size is used as experimental subjects after cleaning；It will be freeze-dried and smash to pieces after the submerged plant separation of experiment,
Cross 100 mesh sieves dress hermetic bag Cord blood；
(2) running experiment device and nitrate is added:Experimental provision (such as accompanying drawing 1) is cleaned, experimental provision is divided into two parts,
Upper water box 1 is mainly used in simulating lake water, adds deionized water thereto initial stage in experiment, has recorded initial water level；Lower header 3 is led
It is used to simulate the underground water containing nitrate；There is one layer of sedimentary between upper water box and lower header, sedimentary is by cleaning
The sand that particle size is 0.5-1mm is formed, and iron wire filter screen 2 is provided between sedimentary and lower header, sedimentary is arranged at filter screen
On, underground water-lake interface is made, clean submerged plant is added in sedimentary, in making the embedment of submerged plant root system husky.
Checking experiment device whether leak and the other parts of experimental provision system whether normal operation, do not have in experimental provision
In the case of having exception, then with deionized water rinsing experimental provision 2 times, and wipe clean with rag wall and the bottom of experimental provision
Portion.Then the sand cleaned is gone in the upper water box of experimental provision, it is artificial to overturn sand bed twice, run up and down as shown in Figure 1
Tipping turns, and to exclude the gas in sand bed completely, sand bed is in fully saturated state.
Artificial ground water prepared by step (1) is put into plastic containers 5, by rubber tube by peristaltic pump and lower header phase
Even, peristaltic pump 4 is opened, starts to input artificial ground water into lower header, nitrate concentration is 30mg/L in artificial ground water, is made
Waterpower occurs between upper water box and lower header to exchange, and underground water is fully circulated in experimental provision；Persistent loop is run, and is made
Waterpower, which exchanges, between overlying water and lakebed reaches balance；It is 0.001cm/min that peristaltic pump, which controls current input speed, and peristaltic pump turns
Speed is 0.8rpm, at the uniform velocity inputs artificial ground water to lower header, and peristaltic pump starts after sand bed is in fully saturated.
(3) in cyclic process nitrate periodic monitor:By predetermined decimation in time overlying water.From Shang Shui in first 30 minutes
Overlying water is extracted in three different positions of case simultaneously, at this moment because nitrate is uneven in the mixing of overlying water when experiment starts,
Fully rock without representativeness, nitrate concentration is measured with ultraviolet specrophotometer in single position；Pass through the pumping of peristaltic pump
Effect, makes water from lower header to upper water box, and iron wire filter screen is located at below sedimentary, the effect of filter screen：Establish surface water-underground water
The interface of exchange, deposit is prevented to fall under gravity into lower header.
(4) experiment lasts about 14 days greatly every time, stops experiment when the concentration of overlying water nitrate reaches basicly stable.
Simultaneously in order to can accurately reaction experiment data, every time measurement extract overlying water sample to be measured within 12 hours.
(5) after experiment terminates, by deposit hierarchical block, average some pieces of decile, one is taken out in every piece with husky device is taken
Determine volume sand-like；It is divided into some deciles by depth 1cm from top to bottom, then with taking the husky device 10g sands will be taken to be put into 1L in every piece
Distillation is shaken；
(6) nitrate contained after sampling in separation of sediment:Manually swayed first, make to adsorb not between its grains of sand space
Strong nitrate departs from the grains of sand and entered in solution, then recycles supersonic oscillations instrument to be vibrated (frequency of oscillation 53Khz, work(
Rate：180W), the Best Times that duration of oscillation is drawn according to experiment measurement are 2 hours.Mainly pass through nitric acid in whole experiment
Concentration of the salt in lake water is simulated determines migration and deposition conditions of the nitrate in porous media.
(7) nitrogen pool in Lake shoal statistics peristaltic pump input artificial ground water in experimental provision, analyzes lake
Concentration in water changes with time calculates lake water amount further according to lake stage, then calculates the nitrogen pool in lake water, finally
Carry out nitrogen equilibrium and hydrologic(al) budget analysis.Experimental result is shown in Fig. 2 and table 1.
The underground water of table 1 carries nitrate and enters lake amount calculating
It can be seen that nitrate tends towards stability into concentration in lake water after 14 days, this is mainly river overlying water and hole
The concentration of water basically reaches consistent result.
In summary:The present invention is using a kind of nitrate in the room of the underground water with water plant-lake interface migration
Interior experimental method, using homemade device observe carry nitrate artificial ground water by the underground water with water plant-
Behind the interface of lake, nitrate concentration changes in deposit, lake.The nitric acid in deposit hole is trapped in using ultrasonic separation
Salt, using spectrophotometer measurement nitrate solution concentration method, to monitor nitrate at the underground water for having vegetation-lake interface
Transition process.The underground water with water plant-lake interface nitrate concentration measurement side of being simplified to of the invention by complexity
Convenient to operate and lower-cost method, nitrate layering retention situation can be caught, utilize ultrasonic separation nitrate and use
Ultraviolet specrophotometer measures nitrate concentration, discloses nitrate in the transition process at underground water-lake interface, it is heavy to monitor
Product thing combined closure system, migration and Interception process of the quantitative analysis nitrate at underground water-lake interface, nitrate is disclosed in overlying water
With the exchanging of pore water, the aquatic vegetation of the deposition distribution in lakebed, lake-bottom by its root system formed " waterpower barrier " come
Control seepage flow enters the mechanism and rule in lake with nutritive salt, and for the input of nutriment in control seepage action of ground water, it is rich to administer lake
Nutrient laden provides theoretical foundation.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that：For the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. nitrate is in the experimental method of the underground water for having water plant-lake interface migration, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
（1）Prepare artificial ground water and pre-processed:The solution with nitrate ion is equipped with as artificial ground water, is received
Integrate and clean sand that particle size is 0.5-1mm as deposit, take submerged plant to be used as experimental subjects after cleaning；
（2）Running experiment device simultaneously adds nitrate:Experimental provision is divided into two parts, and upper water box is used to simulate lake water, tested
Initial stage adds deionized water to upper water box, has recorded initial water level;Lower header is used to simulate the artificial ground water containing nitrate；
There is one layer of sedimentary between upper water box and lower header, sedimentary is made up of deposit, and filter is provided between sedimentary and lower header
Net, sedimentary are arranged on filter screen, and underground water-lake interface is made；Submerged plant is added in sedimentary, makes submerged plant root
During system's embedment is husky；Peristaltic pump is opened, starts to input artificial ground water into lower header, while by peristaltic pump pump-absorb action, make
Water occurs waterpower from lower header to upper water box, between upper water box and lower header and exchanged, and persistent loop operation makes overlying water and deposition
Inter layer exchange reaches balance；
（3）The periodic monitor of nitrate during circular flow：Overlying water and hole are extracted from experimental provision by the predetermined time
Gap water, is fully rocked, and nitrate concentration is measured with ultraviolet specrophotometer；
（4）After experiment terminates, by deposit hierarchical block, be averaged some pieces of decile, and then piecemeal is determined in every piece of deposit
Nitrate nitrogen content；Finally every piece of nitrate nitrogen content is added up and obtains nitrate nitrogen total amount in deposit；
（5）According to the nitrogen pool that Lake shoal statistics is inputted in artificial ground water by peristaltic pump in experimental provision, lake is analyzed
Nitrogen concentration in water changes with time calculates lake water amount further according to lake stage, then calculates total nitrate nitrogen in lake water
Amount, finally carry out nitrogen equilibrium and hydrologic(al) budget analysis.
2. the experimental method that nitrate according to claim 1 is migrated at the underground water for having water plant-lake interface, its
It is characterised by, step（5）In,
Nitrate nitrogen amount in lake water calculates：According to the upper water box Lake shoal monitored in real time in experimental provision and upper water box section
Product product calculates upper water box water Volume Changes, is calculated by the product of nitrogen concentration in lake water volume and lake water in lake water
Nitrate nitrogen amount；
Nitrate nitrogen amount is inputted to calculate：Nitrate product meter in the artificial ground water of upper water box water Volume Changes and lower header
Calculate total nitrate nitrogen amount of input；
Nitrate nitrogen amount calculates in deposit：By deposit hierarchical block, be averaged some pieces of decile, and then piecemeal determines every piece of deposition
Nitrate nitrogen content in thing；Piecemeal determines the step of nitrate nitrogen content in every piece of deposit and is：Vibrated with supersonic oscillations instrument,
Retained by ultrasonic separation and adsorb the nitrate on silt surface, and determine nitrate nitrogen content；Finally by every piece of nitrate nitrogen
Content is cumulative to obtain nitrate nitrogen total amount in deposit；
Plant absorption and volatile quantity：Plant absorption and nitre in nitrate nitrogen amount-deposit in volatile quantity=input nitrate nitrogen amount-lake water
State nitrogen quantity；
Nitrogen is balanced and hydrologic(al) budget analysis refers to inputting in nitrate nitrogen amount=lake water nitrate nitrogen amount+plant in nitrate nitrogen amount+deposit
Absorption and volatile quantity.
3. the experimental method that nitrate according to claim 1 is migrated at the underground water for having water plant-lake interface, its
It is characterised by:Step（1）In, artificial ground water is by KNO3、 KH2PO4、 CaCl2And MgSO4Configuration forms.
4. the experimental method that nitrate according to claim 1 is migrated at the underground water for having water plant-lake interface, its
It is characterised by:Step（2）In, the rotating speed of peristaltic pump is 0.8rpm, and peristaltic pump at the uniform velocity inputs artificial ground water to lower header.
5. the experimental method that nitrate according to claim 1 is migrated at the underground water for having water plant-lake interface, its
It is characterised by:In step (4), the colloid on silt surface, supersonic oscillations instrument vibration 2h are trapped in ultrasonic separation.
6. the experimental method that nitrate according to claim 1 is migrated at the underground water for having water plant-lake interface, its
It is characterised by:Step（2）In, open peristaltic pump before, checking experiment device whether leak and experimental provision it is whether normal,
Deionized water rinsing experimental provision is used as without exception, the sand cleaned is gone in the upper water box of experimental provision, manually up and down
Sand bed is overturn several times, to exclude the gas in sand bed completely.
7. the experimental method that nitrate according to claim 1 is migrated at the underground water for having water plant-lake interface, its
It is characterised by：Step（1）In, nitrate concentration is 30mg/L in artificial ground water.
8. the experimental method that nitrate according to claim 1 is migrated at the underground water for having water plant-lake interface, its
It is characterised by：Step（2）In, overlying water reaches balance with deposition Inter layer exchange and refers to that the concentration of overlying water nitrate reaches stable
State.
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| WO2001053220A1 (en) * | 2000-01-19 | 2001-07-26 | Fabregas Gonzalez Luis Javier | Symbiotic residual water treatment station |
| CN202075201U (en) * | 2011-06-13 | 2011-12-14 | 云南大学 | Groundwater seepage simulation test device |
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| WO2001053220A1 (en) * | 2000-01-19 | 2001-07-26 | Fabregas Gonzalez Luis Javier | Symbiotic residual water treatment station |
| CN202075201U (en) * | 2011-06-13 | 2011-12-14 | 云南大学 | Groundwater seepage simulation test device |
| CN102359084A (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2012-02-22 | 中国农业大学 | Simulation regulation and control system and method of percolation performance of aeration zone of river or lake |
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