CN105473587A - 取代吡唑基吡唑衍生物及其作为除草剂的用途 - Google Patents
取代吡唑基吡唑衍生物及其作为除草剂的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105473587A CN105473587A CN201480044197.7A CN201480044197A CN105473587A CN 105473587 A CN105473587 A CN 105473587A CN 201480044197 A CN201480044197 A CN 201480044197A CN 105473587 A CN105473587 A CN 105473587A
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种能够防除实用上成问题的更高叶龄的重要杂草的化合物。公开了能够解决上述课题的式(I)表示的特定的吡唑基吡唑衍生物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及取代吡唑基吡唑衍生物、以及该化合物作为除草剂的用途。
背景技术
近年来,在栽培农作物时使用大量的除草剂,有助于农业操作的省力化和提高农作物的生产性。在旱田、水稻栽培中许多除草剂已被实用化。
然而,杂草的种类多样化,而且各杂草的发芽和生长期不一样,进而多年生杂草长期生长。因此,很难通过散布一次除草剂来防除所有的杂草。
水稻的初中期一次性处理剂显示出在直到稗草(ノビエ)(稻稗(Echinochloaoryzicola)、野稗(Echinochloacrus-gallivar.crus-galli)、台湾野稗(Echinochloacrus-gallivar.formosensis)、细叶旱稗(Echinochloacrus-gallivar.praticola)、长芒稗(Echinochloacrus-gallivar.caudata)的总称)的2~3叶期的处理中有效,经过一次处理可以防除主要杂草(参考非专利文献1)。但是,在实用化的初中期一次性处理剂中,防除稗草在生长至3.5叶期以上的时期的杂草是非常困难的,稗草的3叶期时的防除与3.5叶期时的防除存在着技术鸿沟。
进而,长期维持除草效果(或残效性)在减少农药散布、操作的省力化、降低成本方面很重要,成为初中期一次性处理剂所必须的性能。
另外,近年来ALS(乙酰乳酸合成酶)抑制剂被广泛普及,对ALS抑制剂具有抵抗性的杂草成为问题。尤其对多年生的野慈姑(Sagittariatrifolia)、矮慈姑(Sagittariapygmaea)的ALS抑制剂抵抗性生物型具有充分效果的除草剂很少。另外,作为近年来成问题的杂草,多年生杂草中可列举出野荸荠(Eleochariskuroguwai)、扁秆藨草(Scirpusplaniculmis)、三江藨草(Scirpusnipponicus)等,一年生杂草中可列举出合萌(Aeschynomeneindica)、千金子(Leptochloachinensis)、疣草(Murdanniakeisak)等,对这些难防除杂草具有充分效果的除草剂很少。
另一方面,许多吡唑衍生物作为除草剂而被实用化,例如4-(2,4-二氯苯甲酰基)-1,3-二甲基-5-吡唑基对甲苯磺酸酯(通用名:“吡唑特(Pyrazolate)”)、2-[4-(2,4-二氯苯甲酰基)-1,3-二甲基吡唑-5-基氧基]乙酰苯(通用名:“苄草唑(Pyrazoxyfen)”)、2-[4-(2,4-二氯间甲苯酰基)-1,3-二甲基吡唑-5-基氧基]-4’-甲基乙酰苯(通用名:“吡草酮(Benzofenap)”)等被广泛使用,但是这些除草剂的单剂在日本注册的对稗草的适用范围均是直到1.5叶期,这些吡唑衍生物虽对广范围的杂草有效,但对高叶龄的稗草的效果未必充分。
另外,专利文献1记载的实施例4.73的化合物即1-(3-氯-4,5,6,7-四氢吡唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-2-基)-5-[甲基(丙-2-炔基)氨基]吡唑-4-腈(通用名:“双唑草腈(Pyraclonil)”,商品名:ピラクロン)对广范围的杂草有效,但对高叶龄的稗草的效果不充分,在日本注册的这种除草剂单剂对稗草的适用范围是直到1.5叶期。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:WO94/08999
非专利文献
非专利文献1:水田杂草的生态及其防除-水稻作物的杂草和除草剂解说-159页(水田雑草の生態とその防除―水稲作の雑草と除草剤解説―159頁)。
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有广泛杀草谱,能够防除实用上成问题的更高叶龄的重要杂草,并且对水稻等作物不产生药害的除草剂组合物。
用于解决问题的方案
本发明人等为达成上述目的进行了反复深入研究,结果发现具有特定化学结构的吡唑基吡唑衍生物长期具有广泛的杀草谱,而且对高叶龄的重要杂草显示出优异的除草效力,另一方面,对栽培作物具有充分的安全性,从而根据此见解完成了本发明。
因此,本发明提供下式(I)表示的化合物,即吡唑基吡唑衍生物,
上式中:
R1表示卤素原子,
R2表示氰基、硝基、卤素原子,
R3表示氢原子、三氟乙酰基、五氟丙酰基、七氟丁烯基,
R4~R9任选相同或不同,表示氢原子、卤素原子、(根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子取代的)C1~C6烷基、(根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子取代的)C3~C6环烷基、(根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子取代的)C2~C6烯基、(根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子取代的)C2~C6炔基、(根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子取代的)C1~C6烷氧基(C1~C6)烷基、或者(根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子、硝基、氰基、(根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子取代的)C1~C4烷基或C1~C4烷氧基取代的)苯基,
a表示3~5,且
b表示0~2。
式(I)中,优选为:
R1表示氯原子、溴原子,
R4~R9任选相同或不同,表示氢原子、卤素原子、(根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子取代的)C1~C4烷基、(根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子取代的)C3~C6环烷基、(根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子取代的)C2~C4烯基、(根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子取代的)C2~C4炔基、(根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子取代的)C1~C4烷氧基(C2~C4)烷基、或者(根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子、硝基、氰基、(根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子取代的)C1~C4烷基或C1~C4烷氧基取代的)苯基,
a表示4。
具体实施方式
本说明书中,各取代基之前的如“Ca~Cb”的记载是指,各自所对应的基团中碳原子存在a个~b个。
“卤素原子”包括氟、氯、溴和碘原子。
基团本身或基团的一部分中所说的“烷基”可为直链状或支链状,没有限制,例如可列举出甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基、正戊基、正己基等,可在各自指定的碳原子数范围内进行选择。
“烷氧基”是指烷基部分具有上述含义的烷基-O-基团,没有限制,例如可列举出甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基或异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基或叔丁氧基等,可在各自指定的碳原子数范围内进行选择。
“环烷基”没有限制,包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基等,可在各自指定的碳原子数范围内进行选择。
“烯基”是指直链状或支链状、且分子内具有一个或两个以上双键的不饱和烃基,没有限制,例如可列举出乙烯基、1-丙烯基、2-丙烯基、2-丁烯基、2-甲基-2-丙烯基、3-甲基-2-丁烯基、1,1-二甲基-2-丙烯基等作为具体例,可在各自指定的碳原子数范围内进行选择。
“炔基”是指直链状或支链状、且分子内具有一个或两个以上三键的不饱和烃基,没有限制,例如可列举出乙炔基、1-丙炔基、2-丙炔基、1-丁炔基、2-丁炔基、3-丁炔基、1,1-二甲基-2-丙炔基等作为具体例,可在各自指定的碳原子数范围内进行选择。
“烷基”、“环烷基”、“烯基”、“炔基”、“烷氧基”中所含的氢原子的至少一个可被卤素原子取代,例如若以烷基为例,没有限制,可为氯甲基、二氯甲基、三氟甲基、氯乙基、二氯乙基、三氟乙基、四氟丙基、溴乙基、溴丙基、氯丁基、氯己基、全氟己基,可在各自指定的碳原子数范围内进行选择。
在上述基团或其一部分被卤素原子多取代,或者苯基被卤素原子、硝基、氰基、(根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子取代的)C1~C4烷基、或者C1~C4烷氧基多取代的情况下,该基团可被多于一个的相同或不同的卤素原子和/或取代基取代。
根据取代基的种类和键合方式,式(I)的化合物可作为立体异构体存在。例如若存在一个或更多个不对称取代的碳原子,则这样的立体异构体可为对映异构体和非对映异构体。立体异构体可以在制造中从所得的混合物中,通过常用分离法,例如色谱分离步骤而得到。立体异构体也可以通过立体选择性反应的使用、光学活性的起始原料和/或助剂的使用而制备。本发明还涉及包含于式(I)所表示的化合物中但未被具体定义的所有立体异构体以及它们的混合物。
以下列举的所有化学式中,取代基和符号只要没有另行定义,均具有与对式(I)的定义相同的含义。本发明所提供的式(I)的化合物例如可由式(II)表示的化合物通过以下制法(A)、(B)、(C)的任一种、或者在制法(A)、(B)、(C)的任一种之后进行制法(D)而制备;
。
制法(A):
式(I)的化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,在碱的存在下使上述式(II)的化合物与下式(III)表示的化合物反应;
(式中,X表示卤素原子、甲苯磺酸酯(tosylate)、甲磺酸酯(mesylate)。)。
制法(B):
式(I)的化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,将上述式(II)的化合物与下式(IV)表示的化合物脱水缩合生成席夫碱后,与还原剂反应;
。
制法(C):
式(I)的化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,使上述式(II)的化合物与下式(V)表示的化合物反应生成酰胺后进行卤化,然后与还原剂反应;
(式中,Y表示羟基、烷氧基、卤素原子。)。
制法(D):
式(I)的化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,在式(I)的化合物中R3不含氢原子的情况下,实施制法(A)、(B)、(C)的任一种之后,进行全氟酰胺化反应。
制法(A)、(B)、(C)中均使用的式(II)的化合物可以按照WO93/10100和WO94/08999记载的方法,由四氢-2H-吡喃-2-亚基乙腈、或者5-氯戊酰氯合成。
制法(A)中用作另一起始原料的式(III)的化合物为本身已知的化合物,或者可以采用与已知化合物同样的方式合成(例如参照日本特开2011-173838、日本特表2000-504733、J.Org.Chem.1984,49,431-435、日本特表2011-506349)。
式(II)的化合物与式(III)的化合物的反应可以参考其本身公知的反应条件来实施(例如参照WO94/08999)。
作为进行反应时使用的碱,优选可在至少1当量适当的碱的存在下,根据情况在适当的溶剂的存在下进行处理。碱可以是:无机碱,例如碱金属碳酸盐或氢氧化物或者金属氢化物;或者有机碱,例如叔胺或金属醇盐。作为适当的无机碱之例,可列举出碳酸钠、氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾、氢化钠。作为适当的有机碱,可列举出:三烷基胺,例如三甲胺和三乙胺;吡啶或其它胺碱,例如4-N,N-二甲氨基吡啶、N,N-二甲基苯胺、1,4-二氮杂双环[2,2,2]辛烷、1,8-二氮杂双环[5,4,0]十一碳-7-烯。这些碱通常可在相对于式(II)的化合物为0.01~5倍摩尔的范围内使用。
作为该溶剂,例如可列举出二乙醚、四氢呋喃、二噁烷等醚类;N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜等偶极非质子溶剂类;苯、甲苯、二甲苯等芳香烃类;乙腈等腈类;它们的混合溶剂等。
另外,根据需要可以使用催化剂,作为这样的催化剂,没有限制,例如可列举出:四甲基氯化铵、四甲基溴化铵、四乙基氯化铵、四乙基溴化铵、四丁基氯化铵、四丁基溴化铵、三甲基苄基氯化铵、三甲基苄基溴化铵、三乙基苄基氯化铵、三乙基苄基溴化铵、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、三辛基甲基苄基氯化铵、硫酸氢四丁基铵、四乙基铵、对甲苯磺酸酯、四丙基氢氧化铵、三甲基苄基氢氧化铵等季铵盐;5-冠醚-5、18-冠醚-6、苯并-15-冠醚-5、二苯并-18-冠醚-6、二环己烷并-18-冠醚-6等冠醚类。
式(III)的化合物相对于式(II)的化合物的使用比例没有特别限制,通常相对于1摩尔式(II)的化合物,优选在0.5~2摩尔范围内、特别优选在1~1.2摩尔范围内使用式(III)的化合物。
反应温度可根据所用的起始原料的种类、催化剂的种类等而改变,通常可为所用溶剂的沸点以下的温度,优选为0~110℃范围内的温度。
反应时间根据起始原料的种类、反应条件而不同,通常为0.5~72小时左右。
制法(B)中用作另一起始原料的式(IV)的化合物可为市售品,或者采用文献(例如日本特开2012-180338)及其中所引用的文献中记载的公知方法容易地制备。
用于生成将式(II)的化合物与式(IV)的化合物缩合时使用的席夫碱的适当的条件取决于起始原料及所生成的化合物的性质,即溶解度、反应性、稳定性等。这样的条件需要单独选择,但也可以采用例如文献(日本特开平5-148240)及其中所引用的文献中记载的公知缩合方法容易地制备。
作为所用的酸,只要是布朗斯台德酸或路易斯酸即可使用,没有特别限制。例如可适当使用硫酸、盐酸、对甲苯磺酸等。例如可列举出酸型离子交换树脂、酸性粘土、杂多酸等固体酸;和/或除水剂,例如硫酸钠(或硫酸镁)或分子筛,例如分子筛(molecularsieves)。酸的量没有特别限制,在所用的羰基化合物、伯胺化合物和仲胺化合物的化学计量以下即可。进而,为了根据需要而促进反应,还可以通过共沸蒸馏从反应混合物中除去反应水。
作为该溶剂,例如可列举出二乙醚、四氢呋喃、二噁烷等醚类;N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜等偶极非质子溶剂类;甲苯、二甲苯等芳香烃类;乙腈等腈类;氯仿、四氯化碳、二氯甲烷等卤化烃类;它们的混合溶剂等。
作为席夫碱还原时的溶剂,只要是不会显著抑制反应的溶剂即可,可列举出二乙醚、二噁烷、四氢呋喃(THF)等醚类;甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、2-丙醇等醇类等。作为还原剂没有特别限制,可以使用常规还原剂。具体而言,可列举出硼烷THF络合物、硼氢化钠、氰基硼氢化钠、硼氢化锂、氢化锂铝等,其中特别优选硼氢化钠。所用还原剂的量只要相对于席夫碱为1当量以上即可,优选为1.5~100当量的范围,更优选为1.5~10当量的范围。对于还原剂的添加方法没有特别限制,可以将还原剂溶解或不溶解于溶剂中,可以一次添加,也可以少量逐次添加。还原剂的添加可以根据需要在氮气、氩气等惰性气体气氛下实施。反应温度从-20℃~120℃的范围内选择即可,优选为0℃~室温的范围。反应时间根据反应规模、反应温度等而不固定,只要在1小时~24小时的范围内按照常法分离即可,根据需要可以采用结晶、蒸馏、柱色谱等方法进行纯化。
另外,在式(II)的化合物与式(IV)的化合物的反应中,可以采用能够以一阶段进行式(I)的化合物合成的还原性氨基化反应。可以采用文献(例如J.Org.Chem.1996,61,3849-3862、J.Am.Chem.Soc.1971,93,2897、Tetrahedron2004,60,7899)及其中所引用的文献中记载的公知方法容易地制备。
制法(C)中用作另一起始原料的式(V)的化合物可为市售品,或者采用本身公知的方法进行制备(例如参照日本特表2003-509403)。
制法(C)中通过式(II)的化合物与式(V)的化合物的反应而生成的酰胺化合物可在下列条件下合成。若是羧酸与胺的缩合反应,则可按照例如Org.Synth.,I82(1941)、日本特开昭61-15867进行合成;若是酰氯与胺的反应,则可按照例如日本特开昭61-15867进行合成;若是酯与胺的反应,则可按照例如J.Org.Chem.1963,28,2915进行合成。
作为所生成的酰胺化合物的卤化、以及其后与还原剂反应的方法,可以采用其本身公知的方法进行(例如参照日本特开2001-72676)。
制法(D)中全氟酰胺化反应可以通过在公知的反应条件下,以及其中所引用的文献中记载的公知方法容易地制造(例如参照日本特开2005-154420)。
由后述试验例1~3中记载的除草活性试验的结果表明,本发明提供的式(I)的化合物具有优异的除草效果,作为除草剂有用。
本发明的式(I)的化合物对多种农耕地杂草和非农耕地杂草具有活性。作为栽培植物,可列举例如稻子、小麦、大麦、玉米、燕麦、高粱等禾木科植物;大豆、棉花、甜菜、向日葵、油菜子等阔叶作物,除此之外还可列举出果树、果菜类、根菜类、叶菜类等蔬菜、草等,可在这些植物的栽培中使用。
本发明的化合物对于水田中以下列举的成问题的各种杂草,在灌溉或非灌溉状态下的土壤处理、土壤混和处理、以及茎叶处理的任意处理方法中均具有除草效力。以下对该杂草进行示例,但并不限于此例。
作为可由本发明的式(I)的化合物防除的水田杂草,例如可列举出:窄叶泽泻(Alismacanaliculatum)、野慈姑(Sagittariatrifolia)、矮慈姑(Sagittariapygmaea)等泽泻科杂草;异型莎草(Cyperusdifformis)、水莎草(Cyperusserotinus)、萤蔺(Scirpusjuncoides)、野荸荠(Eleochariskuroguwai)、扁秆藨草(Scirpusplaniculmis)、三江藨草(Scirpusnipponicus)等莎草科杂草;陌上菜(Linderniaprocumbens)、北美母草(タケトアゼナ)(Linderniadubiasubsp.dubia)、美洲母草(Linderniadubia)等玄参科杂草;鸭舌草(Monochoriavaginalis)、雨久花(Monochoriakorsakowii)等雨久花科杂草;眼子菜(Potamogetondistinctus)等眼子菜科杂草;节节菜(Rotalaindica)、多花水苋(Ammanniamultiflora)等千屈菜科杂草;狼杷草(Bidenstripartita)、大狼把草(Bidensfrondosa)等菊科杂草;合萌(Aeschynomeneindica)等豆科杂草;疣草(Murdanniakeisak)等鸭跖草科杂草;稻稗(Echinochloaoryzicola)、野稗(Echinochloacrus-gallivar.crus-galli)、台湾野稗(Echinochloacrus-gallivar.formosensis)、细叶旱稗(Echinochloacrus-gallivar.praticola)、长芒稗(Echinochloacrus-gallivar.caudata)、千金子(Leptochloachinensis)、假稻(Leersiajaponica)、双穗雀稗(Paspalumdistichum)、蓉草(Leersiaoryzoides)等禾木科杂草等。
另外,对于旱田、非农耕地中以下列举的成问题的各种杂草,在土壤处理、土壤混和处理和茎叶处理的任意处理方法中均具有除草效力。以下对该杂草进行示例,但并不限于此例;
可列举出:龙葵(Solanumnigrum)、曼陀罗(Daturastramonium)等茄科杂草;苘麻(Abutilonavicennae)、刺金午时花(Sidaspinosa)等锦葵科杂草;圆叶牵牛(Ipomoeapurpurea)等旋花科杂草;凹头苋(Amaranthuslividus)等苋科杂草;苍耳(Xanthiumstrumarium)、豚草(Ambrosiaartemisiifolia)、睫毛牛膝菊(Galinsogaciliata)、丝路蓟(Cirsiumarvense)、欧洲千里光(Seneciovulgaris)、一年蓬(Stenactisannuus)等菊科杂草;蔊菜(Rorippaindica)、野芥(Sinapisarvensis)、荠菜(Capsellabursa-pastoris)等十字花科杂草;犬蓼(Persicarialongiseta)、卷茎蓼(Fallopiaconvolvulus)等蓼科杂草;马齿苋(Portulacaoleracea)等马齿苋科杂草;藜(Chenopodiumalbum)、小叶灰藋(Chenopodiumficifolium)、地肤(Kochiascoparia)等藜科杂草;繁缕(Stellariamedia)等石竹科杂草;阿拉伯婆婆纳(Veronicapersica)等玄参科杂草;鸭跖草(Commelinacommunis)等鸭跖草科杂草;宝盖草(Lamiumamplexicaule)、小野芝麻(Lamiumpurpureum)等唇形科杂草;斑地锦(コニシキソウ)(Euphorbiasupina)、斑地锦(オオニシキソウ)(Euphorbiamaculata)等大戟科杂草;猪秧秧(Galiumspurium)、刺籽爬拉殃(Galiumspuriumvar.echinospermon)、东南茜草(Rubiaargyi)等茜草科杂草;东北堇菜(Violamandshurica)等堇菜科杂草;田菁(Sesbaniaexaltata)、决明(Cassiaobfusitolia)等豆科杂草等阔叶杂草;高粱(Sorghumbicolor)、洋野黍(Panicumdichotomiflorum)、石茅(Sorghumhalepense)、野稗(Echinochloacrus-gallivar.crus-galli)、升马唐(Digitariaciliaris)、野燕麦(Avenafatua)、牛筋草(Eleusineindica)、狗尾草(Setariaviridis)、看麦娘(Alopecurusaequalis)、早熟禾(Poaannua)等禾木科杂草;香附子(Cyperusrotundus)等莎草科杂草等。
进而,可以对收割的刈痕(刈り取り跡)、休耕地、果园地、牧草地、草坪地、轨道沿线(線路端)、空地、林地、或者农业用道路、畦畔、其他非农耕地中产生的广范围的杂草进行除草。
而且,本发明的式(I)的化合物在水稻的直播栽培或移植栽培等任意栽培方法中均未出现对水稻产生问题那样的药害。
本发明的式(I)的化合物在植物发芽前和发芽后均可施用,进而,也可以在播种前混合于土壤中。
本发明的式(I)的化合物的投药量可以根据化合物的种类、对象植物的种类、使用时期、使用场所、可期效果的性质等在广范围内改变,作为大致的基准,以每公亩的活性化合物计,例如可示例在约0.01~100g、优选在约0.1~10g的范围内。
本发明的式(I)的化合物也可以单独使用,但通常可按照常规方法在式(I)的化合物中配合配方助剂(formulationassistant)等,没有限制,例如可以制剂成粉剂、乳剂、油剂(油剤)、增溶剂、悬乳剂(suspo-emulsion)、微粒剂、喷雾剂、DL粉剂、微粒剂F、细粒剂F、粒剂、可湿性粉剂(水和剤)、水分散粒剂(顆粒水和剤)、悬浮剂(flowableconcentrate)、Jumbo(ジャンボ)剂、片剂、糊剂、油性悬浮液、水溶性化学剂(水溶剤)、水溶性粒剂(顆粒水溶剤)、液剂、微胶囊剂等任意剂型来使用。
作为可用于制剂化的配方助剂,没有限制,例如可列举出固体载体、液体载体、粘合剂、增粘剂、表面活性剂、防冻剂、防腐剂等。
作为固体载体,没有限制,例如可列举出滑石、膨润土、蒙脱石、粘土、高岭土、碳酸钙、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、芒硝、沸石、淀粉、酸性粘土、硅藻土、白炭黑(白炭黑)、蛭石、消石灰、植物性粉末、氧化铝、活性炭、糖类、玻璃空心体、硅砂、硫酸铵、尿素等。
作为液体载体,没有限制,例如可列举出烃类(例如煤油、矿物油等);芳香烃类(例如甲苯、二甲苯、二甲基萘、苯基二甲苯基乙烷等);氯化烃类(例如氯仿、四氯化碳等);醚类(例如二噁烷、四氢呋喃等);酮类(例如丙酮、环己酮、异佛尔酮等);酯类(例如乙酸乙酯、乙酸乙二醇酯、马来酸二丁酯等);醇类(例如甲醇、正己醇、乙二醇等);极性溶剂类(例如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮等);水等。
作为粘合剂和增粘剂,没有限制,例如可列举出糊精、羧甲基纤维素的钠盐、聚羧酸(polycarboxylicacid)系高分子化合物、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇、木素磺酸钠、木素磺酸钙、聚丙烯酸钠、阿拉伯胶、海藻酸钠、甘露醇、山梨醇、膨润土系矿物质、聚丙烯酸及其衍生物、白炭黑、天然的糖类衍生物(例如黄原胶、瓜尔胶等)等。
作为表面活性剂,没有限制,例如可列举出:脂肪酸盐、苯甲酸盐、烷基磺基琥珀酸盐、二烷基磺基琥珀酸盐、聚羧酸盐、烷基硫酸酯盐、烷基硫酸盐、烷基芳基硫酸盐、烷基二甘醇醚硫酸盐、醇硫酸酯盐、烷基磺酸盐、烷基芳基磺酸盐、芳基磺酸盐、木素磺酸盐、烷基二苯基醚二磺酸盐、聚苯乙烯磺酸盐、烷基磷酸酯盐、烷基芳基磷酸盐、苯乙烯基芳基磷酸盐、聚氧乙烯烷基醚硫酸酯盐、聚氧乙烯烷基芳基醚硫酸盐、聚氧乙烯烷基芳基醚硫酸酯盐、聚氧乙烯烷基醚磷酸盐、聚氧乙烯烷基芳基磷酸酯盐、萘磺酸甲醛缩合物的盐等阴离子型表面活性剂;以及脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯、甘油脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸聚甘油酯、脂肪酸醇聚乙二醇醚、炔属二醇(acetyleneglycol)、炔属醇、氧化烯嵌段聚合物、聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基芳基醚、聚氧乙烯苯乙烯基芳基醚、聚氧乙烯二醇烷基醚、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯甘油脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯加氢蓖麻油、聚氧丙烯脂肪酸酯等非离子型表面活性剂。
作为防冻剂,没有限制,例如可列举出乙二醇、二甘醇和丙二醇、甘油等。
作为防腐剂,没有限制,例如可列举出苯甲酸、苯甲酸钠、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯、异丙基甲酚、苯扎氯铵、盐酸氯己定、双氧水、葡萄糖酸氯己定、水杨酸、水杨酸钠、吡硫锌(zincpyrithione)、山梨酸、山梨酸钾、脱氢乙酸、脱氢乙酸钠、苯氧乙醇、5-氯-2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮、2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮等异噻唑啉衍生物、2-溴-2-硝基丙烷-1,3-二醇、以及水杨酸衍生物。
以上所述固体载体、液体载体、粘合剂、增粘剂、表面活性剂、防冻剂和防腐剂可以根据使用目的等各自单独使用或适当组合使用。
本发明的式(I)的化合物相对于本发明的除草剂组合物总量的配合比例可以根据需要增减,没有特别限制,通常为0.01~90质量%左右,在制成例如粉剂或粒剂的情况下优选为0.1~50质量%左右,更优选为0.5~10质量%左右,在制成乳剂、可湿性粉剂或水分散粒剂等的情况下优选为0.1~90质量%左右,更优选为0.5~50质量%左右。
这些制剂可以根据需要稀释为适当浓度,通过散布于植物茎叶、土壤、水田的水面等或者直接施用,供于各种用途。
通过以下实施例对本发明进行说明。
实施例
实施例1.1-(3-氯-4,5,6,7-四氢吡唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-2-基)-5-(环丙基甲氨基)吡唑-4-腈的制法(化合物1)
将5-氨基-1-(3-氯-4,5,6,7-四氢吡唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-2-基)吡唑-4-腈(100g)溶解于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(400ml)中,加入氢氧化钠(16.8g)、四丁基溴化铵(催化剂量)进行搅拌。向其中缓慢滴加氯甲基环丙烷(37.9g),50℃下反应2天。反应结束后,加入水,析出的固体用乙酸乙酯洗涤,得到目标产物(75g)。
实施例2.N-(1-(3-氯-4,5,6,7-四氢吡唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-2-基)-4-氰基吡唑-5-基)-N-(环丙基甲基)-2,2,2-三氟乙酰胺的制法(化合物2)
将1-(3-氯-4,5,6,7-四氢吡唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-2-基)-5-(环丙基甲氨基)吡唑-4-腈(3.5g)溶解于乙腈(10ml)中,搅拌后,向其中缓慢滴加三氟乙酸酐(11.6g)。50℃下搅拌1天,向反应液中加入水,用乙酸乙酯萃取。用硫酸钠干燥后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得的粗产物用硅胶柱色谱(己烷/乙酸乙酯=4:1)纯化,得到目标产物(3.5g)。
实施例3.1-(3-氯-4,5,6,7-四氢吡唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-2-基)-5-(环丙基甲氨基)吡唑-4-腈的制法(化合物1的另一方法)
将5-氨基-1-(3-氯-4,5,6,7-四氢吡唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-2-基)吡唑-4-腈(5.3g)溶解于乙腈(20ml)中,搅拌后,向其中缓慢滴加环丙烷羧酰氯(2.5g),进行3小时回流。反应结束后,将反应液冷却至室温,加入水,析出的固体用己烷、乙酸乙酯依次洗涤,得到N-(1-(3-氯-4,5,6,7-四氢吡唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-2-基)-4-氰基吡唑-5-基)环丙烷甲酰胺(3.8g)。
将所得的N-(1-(3-氯-4,5,6,7-四氢吡唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-2-基)-4-氰基吡唑-5-基)环丙烷甲酰胺(1.6g)溶解于甲苯(10ml)中,加入五氯化磷(1.25g),进行2小时回流。追加五氯化磷(0.13g)后,进一步进行1小时回流,室温下搅拌1天。将反应液倒入冰水中,用氯仿萃取,用0.1当量氢氧化钠水溶液洗涤后,用硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩。所得粗产物用己烷洗涤后,向其中加入乙醇(10ml)和硼氢化钠(190mg),室温下反应1天。反应结束后,加入水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,用硫酸钠干燥后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂。所得粗产物用硅胶柱色谱(己烷/乙酸乙酯=2:1)纯化,得到目标产物(1.2g)。
实施例4.1-(3-氯-4,5,6,7-四氢吡唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-2-基)-5-(1-环丙基乙基氨基)吡唑-4-腈的制法(化合物9)
将5-氨基-1-(3-氯-4,5,6,7-四氢吡唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-2-基)吡唑-4-腈(20g)、对甲苯磺酸一水合物(4.34g)溶解于甲苯(100ml)中,搅拌后,加入环丙基甲基酮(31.9g)进行2天回流。用分子筛4A除去反应中生成的水。反应结束后,50℃下用硅藻土过滤,并用乙酸乙酯洗涤后,将滤液以任意比例浓缩,然后用硅胶柱色谱(己烷/乙酸乙酯=1:2)纯化。向所得粘稠化合物中加入乙醇(200ml)、硼氢化钠(5.8g),室温下反应1天。反应结束后,向反应液中加入水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,用硫酸钠干燥后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂。所得粗产物用硅胶柱色谱(己烷/乙酸乙酯=1:1)纯化,得到目标产物(6.2g)。
实施例5.1-(3-氯-4,5,6,7-四氢吡唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-2-基)-5-(二环丙基甲氨基)吡唑-4-腈的制法(化合物10)
将5-氨基-1-(3-氯-4,5,6,7-四氢吡唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-2-基)吡唑-4-腈(10g)、对甲苯磺酸一水合物(2.2g)溶解于甲苯(50ml)中,搅拌后,加入环丙基甲基酮(8.8g)进行5.5小时回流。用分子筛4A除去反应中生成的水。反应结束后,50℃下用硅藻土过滤,并用乙酸乙酯洗涤后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂。向所得化合物中加入乙醇(40ml)、硼氢化钠(1.5g),室温下反应1天。反应结束后,向反应液中加入水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,用硫酸钠干燥后,将溶剂减压浓缩。所得粗产物用硅胶柱色谱(己烷/乙酸乙酯=1:1)纯化,得到目标产物(2.1g)。
实施例6.1-(3-氯-4,5,6,7-四氢吡唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-2-基)-5-((1-甲基环丙基)甲氨基)吡唑-4-腈的制法(化合物4)
将5-氨基-1-(3-氯-4,5,6,7-四氢吡唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-2-基)吡唑-4-腈(64.5g)溶解于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(250ml)中,加入氢氧化钠(24.5g)、四丁基溴化铵(1.8g),进行搅拌。向其中缓慢滴加1-(溴甲基)-1-甲基环丙烷(44.0g),70℃下反应2天。反应结束后,加入水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,用硫酸钠干燥后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂。所得粗产物用硅胶柱色谱(己烷/乙酸乙酯=1:1)纯化,得到目标产物(50g)。
实施例7.上述反应中使用的1-(溴甲基)-1-甲基环丙烷的制备例如下所示。
将1-甲基环丙烷羧酸(100g)溶解于四氢呋喃(1.31l)中,搅拌后,分少量多次加入硼氢化钠(34g)。向其中缓慢滴加三氟化硼二乙醚络合物(170g),室温下搅拌3天。3天后将反应液注入冰水中,将析出的固体滤出后,减压蒸馏除去四氢呋喃,用二氯甲烷进行萃取,用硫酸钠进行干燥。干燥后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,得到(1-甲基环丙基)甲醇(70g)。
将所得的(1-甲基环丙基)甲醇(70g)溶解于二氯甲烷(1.51l)中,进行搅拌。向其中加入四溴化碳(371g),反应液用冰浴冷却,缓慢滴加溶解于二氯甲烷(500ml)的三苯基膦(294g),室温下反应2天。反应结束后,蒸馏除去溶剂,加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(300ml)进行减压蒸馏,得到目标产物(72g)。
作为起始原料的式(II)的化合物可按照WO93/10100和WO94/08999进行合成。
下表中所列实施例采用与上述方法同样的方式制造,或者采用与上述方法同样的方式得到。
[表1]
。
[表2]
。
[表3]
。
[表4]
。
[表5]
。
[表6]
。
[表7]
。
[表8]
。
[表9]
。
[表10]
。
[表11]
。
[表12]
。
[表13]
。
制剂实施例
1.粉剂
式(I)的化合物10重量份
滑石90重量份
将上述成分混合,用锤磨机微粉碎而得到。
2.可湿性粉剂
式(I)的化合物10重量份
聚氧乙烯烷基芳基醚硫酸盐22.5重量份
白炭黑67.5重量份
将上述成分混合,所得混合物用锤磨机微粉碎而得到。
3.悬浮剂
式(I)的化合物10重量份
聚氧乙烯烷基醚磷酸盐10重量份
膨润土5重量份
乙二醇5重量份
水70重量份
将上述成分混合,用湿式粉碎机进行粉碎而得到悬浮剂。
4.乳剂
式(I)的化合物15重量份
乙氧基化壬基苯酚10重量份
环己酮75重量份
将上述成分混合而得到乳剂。
5.粒剂
式(I)的化合物5重量份
木素磺酸钙3重量份
聚羧酸盐3重量份
碳酸钙89重量份
将上述成分混合,加入水捏合后挤出造粒。然后干燥、整粒,得到粒剂。
<生物试验实施例>
1.水田除草试验
在1/10000公亩的盆中填充水田土壤,加入适量水和化学肥料进行捏合,播种稗草、鸭舌草和萤蔺的种子,保持水深3cm的灌溉状态。
用适量水稀释按照制剂例制备的表1所示目标化合物(I)的可湿性粉剂,在3.5叶期的稗草中移植2.0叶期的稻子,用移液管进行滴加处理,使每公亩达到规定药量。
然后在平均气温30℃的玻璃屋内管理30天后,对它们的除草效果进行研究。
除草效果的评价是与未处理区的状态比较生长抑制率(%),药害的评价是与完全除草区的状态比较生长抑制率(%),表示为以下11个等级;
0(指数):0%~小于10%(生长抑制率)、
1:10%以上~小于20%、
2:20%以上~小于30%、
3:30%以上~小于40%、
4:40%以上~小于50%、
5:50%以上~小于60%、
6:60%以上~小于70%、
7:70%以上~小于80%、
8:80%以上~小于90%、
9:90%以上~小于100%、
10:100%
其结果示于表2。
对照剂4.84(WO94/08999记载)
对照剂4.129(WO94/08999记载)
。
[表14]
。
2.旱田作物土壤处理试验
在1/6000公亩的盆中填充旱田土壤,播种升马唐、藜、皱果苋(アオビユ)的种子并盖土。
用水将按照制剂例制备的表1所示式(I)的化合物的可湿性粉剂稀释至规定药量,在播种之后长出杂草之前,以每公亩10升的散布水量对各土壤表层均匀进行喷雾处理。
然后在平均气温30℃的玻璃屋内管理30天后,对它们的除草效果进行研究。
除草效果的评价采用与上述试验例1同样的方式进行。
其结果示于表3。
[表15]
。
3.旱田作物茎叶处理试验
在1/6000公亩的盆中填充培土,播种升马唐、藜、皱果苋的种子并盖土,在平均气温25℃的玻璃屋内进行栽培。
在升马唐生长至1.0~2.0叶期的时期,用水将按照制剂例制备的表1所示目标化合物(I)的可湿性粉剂稀释至规定药量,以每公亩15升的散布水量在杂草上均匀进行喷雾处理。
然后在平均气温25℃的玻璃屋内管理3周后,对它们的除草效果进行研究。
除草效果的评价采用与上述试验例1同样的方式进行。
其结果示于表4。
[表16]
。
产业适用性
根据本发明,本发明的式(I)的化合物对不需要的植物具有优异的防除效果,因此作为有害植物防除剂有用。
Claims (8)
1.下式(I)表示的化合物:
式中,
R1表示卤素原子,
R2表示氰基、硝基、卤素原子,
R3表示氢原子、三氟乙酰基、五氟丙酰基、七氟丁烯基,
R4~R9任选相同或不同,表示氢原子、卤素原子、根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子取代的C1~C6烷基、根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子取代的C3~C6环烷基、根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子取代的C2~C6烯基、根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子取代的C2~C6炔基、根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子取代的C1~C6烷氧基-C1~C6-烷基、或者根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子、硝基、氰基、根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子取代的C1~C4烷基或C1~C4烷氧基取代的苯基,
a表示3~5,而且
b表示0~2。
2.权利要求1所述的化合物,其中,
R1表示氯原子、溴原子,
R4~R9任选相同或不同,表示氢原子、卤素原子、根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子取代的C1~C4烷基、根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子取代的C3~C6环烷基、根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子取代的C2~C4烯基、根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子取代的C2~C4炔基、根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子取代的C1~C4烷氧基-C2~C4烷基、或者根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子、硝基、氰基、根据情况被一个或更多个卤素原子取代的C1~C4烷基或C1~C4烷氧基取代的苯基,而且
a表示4。
3.权利要求1所述的化合物的制备方法,该方法包括将下式(II)表示的化合物用作起始原料的步骤,
式(II):
式中,
R1表示卤素原子,
R2表示氰基、硝基、卤素原子,而且
a表示3~5。
4.除草剂组合物,其包含除草有效量的权利要求1或2所述的化合物的至少一种。
5.权利要求4所述的除草剂组合物,其进一步包含配方助剂。
6.不需要的植物的防除方法,其包括:将有效量的权利要求1或2所述的化合物的至少一种、或者权利要求4或5所述的除草剂组合物施用于不需要的植物或不需要的植被的场所。
7.权利要求1或2所述的化合物或者权利要求4或5所述的除草剂组合物在用于防除不需要的植物中的用途。
8.权利要求7所述的用途,其中,权利要求1或2所述的化合物用于防除有用植物的农作物中的不需要的植物。
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