CN105453883B - A kind of breeding method of maca - Google Patents
A kind of breeding method of maca Download PDFInfo
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- CN105453883B CN105453883B CN201610019410.XA CN201610019410A CN105453883B CN 105453883 B CN105453883 B CN 105453883B CN 201610019410 A CN201610019410 A CN 201610019410A CN 105453883 B CN105453883 B CN 105453883B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding method of maca, include the following steps: S100, after maca transplantation of seedlings 45~60 days foliage-spray A 200~400 times of dilute solutions, 1.0~2.0kg of dosage of fertilizer A, primary every 15~20 days per acre, sprays altogether 3~4 times；S200, maca harvest 400~600 times of dilute solutions of preceding 45~60 days foliar applied fertilizer B, per acre 0.8~1.5kg of dosage of fertilizer B, primary every 10~15 days, spray altogether 1~2 time.The breeding method of maca of the present invention, it is simple to implement operating method, safely and effectively, maca can sufficiently be met during the growth process to specific demands such as N P and K, amino acid, microelement and active factors, the yield of maca root can not only be increased, and the content of its effective active composition glucosinolate is significantly improved, to be obviously improved maca quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to maca planting technology fields, more specifically, being related to glucosinolate content in a kind of raising maca
Maca breeding method.
Background technique
Maca (Lepdium meyenii Walp, Maca) is Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) separate row Vegetable spp
(Lepidium) annual or biennial herbaceous plant, originates in 3500 meters of Peru's height above sea level or more of andes region, and thousands of years
Carry out one of the Important Economic crop of always andes region people, because it is with nutritive value abundant and health-care efficacy, such as
Enhance energy, improve fertility, improve sexual function, improve sleep, strengthen immunity and antitumor etc., be described as " Peru's national treasure " and
" South America ginseng " is considered as the rich gift that Andes mind is vouchsafed by people.
As a kind of medical and edible dual purpose plant, in maca containing there are many balanced and reasonable nutritional ingredient and physiological activity it is secondary
Metabolite.Maca is made of protein abundant, unique amino acid, a variety of unsaturated fatty acids, mineral matter element and
Vitamin etc., these are the factors that maca becomes high-quality food, and contain aromatic series glucosinolate, maca in maca
The secondary metabolites such as amide, maca ene and imidazole alkaloid, wherein aromatic series glucosinolate and macamide are that comparison is unique
Even exclusive ingredient has plurality of health care functions and therapeutic effect, the major criterion as evaluation maca quality.
Many studies have shown that in maca its decomposition product of glucosinolate may with antibacterial, alleviate benign prostatic hyperplasis, anti-
The effects of tumour, the antifatigue fertility with raising, is related, and maca benzyl mustard oil glycosides rich in, the total glucosinolate of Zhan
75% or more, benzyl mustard oil glycosides is again closely related with the synthesis of secondary metabolite macamide important in maca simultaneously, because
This, improves glucosinolate content in maca and is of great significance to the promotion of maca quality.
Approval with pueraria root powder as new resource food, China's maca industry present explosion type development, planting area and
Area is also rapidly expanding, and due to belonging to alien species, planting conditions are there are particularity, nutritional ingredient and effective component in maca
It is not only related with the environment of maca growth but also related with the nutrient and active factors needed in maca growth, for example close
Nutrient formula, signaling molecule of reason etc., if being unable to satisfy the material requisite in maca growth course, yield and effective component
Content sharply declines, and not can guarantee maca quality.Currently, main applications of farmyard manure or single chemical fertilizer are adjusted in maca planting process
Section control maca growth and development process in material demand, usually it is ineffective, directly result in maca root yield and effectively at
The decline of demal coffee glucosinolate content, and it is also easy to produce the problems such as resistance is poor, pest and disease damage is multiple and continuous cropping obstacle, cause maca comprehensive
Closing quality reduces, the serious sustainable development for restricting maca industry.Therefore, how overcome the deficiencies in the prior art is current maca
The problem of planting technology field urgent need to resolve.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in provide a kind of breeding method of maca, solve maca planting process
Middle quality reduces year by year, is unfavorable for the problem of benign sustainable development of maca plantation industry.
Technical proposal that the invention solves the above-mentioned problems are as follows: a kind of breeding method of maca is provided, is included the following steps:
S100, after maca transplantation of seedlings 45~60 days foliage-spray A 200~400 times of dilute solutions, fertilizer A per acre
1.0~2.0kg of dosage, it is primary every 15~20 days, it sprays altogether 3~4 times；The fertilizer A includes urea, calcium superphosphate, biochemistry
Potassium fulvate, amino acid original powder, microelement, single silicic acid, brassinolide, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, α-naphthaleneacidsodium；
S200, maca harvest 400~600 times of dilute solutions of preceding 45~60 days foliar applied fertilizer B, per acre fertilizer B
0.8~1.5kg of dosage, it is primary every 10~15 days, it sprays altogether 1~2 time；The fertilizer B includes biochemical fulvic acid potassium, amino acid
Original powder, salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate.
In the breeding method of maca provided by the invention, the fertilizer A includes the component of following mass ratio:
8~15 parts of urea, 5~10 parts of calcium superphosphate, 35~48 parts of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 14~27 parts of amino acid original powder,
4~8 parts of single silicic acid, 2~8 parts of microelement, 0.0027~0.025 part of brassinolide, 0.2~0.65 part of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate,
0.04~0.15 part of α-naphthaleneacidsodium.
In the breeding method of maca provided by the invention, the fertilizer B includes the component of following mass ratio:
50~70 parts of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 30~45 parts of amino acid original powder, 0.08~0.25 part of salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate
0.03~0.12 part.
In the breeding method of maca provided by the invention, the biochemical fulvic acid potassium is natural fermented product, wherein containing
Fulvic acid 70~80%, organic potassium 10~15%, water solubility are greater than 99%.
In the breeding method of maca provided by the invention, total amino acid content 60~75% in the amino acid original powder, benzene
Third amino acid and tyrosine content 10~16%, bioactivity nitrogen are greater than 20%, and water solubility is greater than 99%.
In the breeding method of maca provided by the invention, the microelement includes the component of following mass ratio: sulfuric acid
Ferrous 10~13 parts, 0.5~1 part of zinc sulfate, 0.4~1 part of copper sulphate, 1~2 part of manganese sulfate, 2~4 parts of borax, ammonium molybdate 1.5
~2.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention is normal in nursery, site preparation, transplanting, field management, harvesting etc.
On the basis of advising breeding method, demand is grown according to maca, the present invention is periodically implemented step by step, can sufficiently meet maca and grow
To specific demands such as N P and K, amino acid, microelement and active factors in journey, and regulation and control maca aerial part and ground
The growth of lower part promotes the synthesis and accumulation of effective component in Maka, and maca Root yield improves 30% or more, and glucosinolate contains
Amount improves 65% or more, achievees the purpose that improve maca yield and effective component glucosinolate content, and macamide contains
Amount improves 28% or more, and protein content improves 18% or more, is obviously improved maca quality, meanwhile, it is suitble to large-scale production
Using having extensive economic benefit and social benefit.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described.
In conventional maca planting process, main applications of farmyard manure or single chemical fertilizer promote maca to grow, but due to
Soil depletion caused by continuous plantation, so that maca yield and active constituent content sharply decline, serious restriction maca industry
Sustainable development.
Main innovation point of the invention is, grows demand, the fertilizer of regular substep foliage-spray specific combination according to maca
Expect A, fertilizer B, meets material requisite of the maca in the synthesis and cumulative process of growth course and effective component, be obviously improved
Maca quality.
In the fertilizer formula component that the method for the present invention different phase sprays, biochemical fulvic acid potassium is original with natural plants slag body
Material ferments, and is the condensation polymer of a kind of multivalence phenolic aromatic compound and nitrogen compound, has no toxic side effect to maca growth,
Containing various plants nutrient, can just market directly customizes purchase as needed, be pure natural fermentation product, fulvic acid content is high,
Also rich in almost all amino acid, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, a variety of enzymes, carbohydrate (oligosaccharide, fructose needed for growing process
Deng), protein, the nutritions such as nucleic acid, nutrient is sufficient, supply rationally, fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, activation potassium, complexing power is strong, not only
Necessary maca micro-nutrient composition has been supplied, and has had apparent facilitation for the absorption of other ingredients and operating；It is single
Silicic acid can both make fertilizer, provide nutrient, and can be used as soil conditioner, improve the root environment of soil and maca growth,
Have the function of fine diseases prevention, insect prevention and attenuation in the growth course of maca；Plant growth regulator can induce and adjust maca
The synthesis of in vivo functionality albumen enhances adaptive capacity to environment and improves resistance, reduces environmental factor (low temperature, arid etc.) to it
The influence of growth, in addition specifically, plant growth regulator can inhibit aerial growth targeted specifically, promote rhizome hair
It educates, improves maca yield；Plant endogenous sex hormone has the physiological effect of wide spectrum, coordinate plant growth and development, and conduct
Endogenous signal molecule participates in biotic factor (pest and disease damage etc.) and environmental factor (low temperature, arid etc.) Stress response, promotes mustard oil
The synthesis and accumulation of glycosides improve the content of maca sulphur glycosides and other functional ingredient.
Embodiment 1
Maca nursery, site preparation, transplanting, field management are conventionally carried out, in 45 days leaves of maca transplantation of seedlings
Face sprays 300 times of dilute solutions of fertilizer A, per acre fertilizer A dosage 2kg, primary every 15 days, sprays altogether 3 times；
Fertilizer A includes 8 parts of urea, 5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 48 parts of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 14 parts of amino acid original powder, single silicic acid 4
Part, 2 parts of microelement, 0.0027 part of brassinolide, 0.2 part of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 0.04 part of α-naphthaleneacidsodium；
400 times of dilute solutions of foliar applied fertilizer B when maca harvests first 60 days, fertilizer B dosage 1kg per acre, every
10 days primary, sprays altogether 2 times, fertilizer B includes 50 parts of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 45 parts of amino acid original powder, 0.08 part of salicylic acid, jasmine
0.12 part of sour methyl esters.
Using the method for the present embodiment, picking time harvests maca root, and application effect is as shown in table 1.
The method implementation result of 1 the present embodiment of table
Embodiment 2
Maca nursery, site preparation, transplanting, field management are conventionally carried out, on 60 days left sides of maca transplantation of seedlings
400 times of dilute solutions of right foliar applied fertilizer A, fertilizer A dosage 1.5kg, primary every 15 days per acre, sprays altogether 3 times；
Fertilizer A includes 15 parts of urea, 10 parts of calcium superphosphate, 35 parts of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 27 parts of amino acid original powder, single silicic acid
8 parts, 8 parts of microelement, 0.025 part of brassinolide, 0.65 part of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 0.15 part of α-naphthaleneacidsodium；
500 times of dilute solutions of first 45 days or so foliar applied fertilizer B are harvested in maca, per acre fertilizer B dosage 1.5kg,
It is primary every 10 days, spray altogether 2 times, fertilizer B include 70 parts of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 30 parts of amino acid original powder, 0.25 part of salicylic acid,
0.03 part of methyl jasmonate.
Using the method for the present embodiment, picking time harvests maca root, and application effect is as shown in table 2.
The method implementation result of 2 the present embodiment of table
Embodiment 3
Maca nursery, site preparation, transplanting, field management are conventionally carried out, in 50 days leaves of maca transplantation of seedlings
Face sprays 200 times of dilute solutions of fertilizer A, per acre fertilizer A dosage 1.0kg, primary every 20 days, sprays altogether 4 times；
Fertilizer A includes 11 parts of urea, 8 parts of calcium superphosphate, 44 parts of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 25 parts of amino acid original powder, single silicic acid 7
Part, 4.4 parts of microelement, 0.006 part of brassinolide, 0.49 part of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 0.104 part of α-naphthaleneacidsodium；
600 times of dilute solutions of preceding 50 days foliar applied fertilizer B are harvested in maca, per acre fertilizer B dosage 0.8kg, every
15 days primary, sprays altogether 1 time, fertilizer B includes 68 parts of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 32 parts of amino acid original powder, 0.20 part of salicylic acid, jasmine
0.08 part of sour methyl esters.
Using the method for the present embodiment, picking time harvests maca root, and application effect is as shown in table 3.
The method implementation result of 3 the present embodiment of table
Breeding method in the various embodiments described above of the present invention, implementation operating method is simple, safely and effectively, can sufficiently meet Ma
Coffee can not only increase maca root during the growth process to specific demands such as N P and K, amino acid, microelement and active factors
Yield, and the content of its effective active composition glucosinolate is significantly improved, to be obviously improved maca quality.
Obviously, embodiment described above is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative work it is obtained it is all its
His embodiment, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of breeding method of maca, which comprises the steps of:
S100, after maca transplantation of seedlings 45~60 days foliar applied fertilizer A 200~400 times of dilute solutions, fertilizer A per acre
1.0~2.0kg of dosage, it is primary every 15~20 days, it sprays altogether 3~4 times；The fertilizer A includes urea, calcium superphosphate, biochemistry
Potassium fulvate, amino acid original powder, microelement, single silicic acid, brassinolide, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, α-naphthaleneacidsodium；
S200, maca harvest 400~600 times of dilute solutions of preceding 45~60 days foliar applied fertilizer B, per acre the dosage of fertilizer B
0.8~1.5kg, it is primary every 10~15 days, it sprays altogether 1~2 time；The fertilizer B includes biochemical fulvic acid potassium, amino acid original
Powder, salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate；
Wherein, the fertilizer A includes the component of following mass ratio:
8~15 parts of urea, 5~10 parts of calcium superphosphate, 35~48 parts of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 14~27 parts of amino acid original powder, single silicon
Sour 4~8 parts, 2~8 parts of microelement, 0.0027~0.025 part of brassinolide, 0.2~0.65 part of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, α-naphthalene
0.04~0.15 part of sodium acetate；
The fertilizer B includes the component of following mass ratio:
50~70 parts of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 30~45 parts of amino acid original powder, 0.08~0.25 part of salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate 0.03
~0.12 part；
The biochemical fulvic acid potassium is natural fermented product, wherein contain fulvic acid 70~80%, organic potassium 10~15%, it is water-soluble
Property be greater than 99%；
Total amino acid content 60~75% in the amino acid original powder, phenylpropyl alcohol amino acid and tyrosine content 10~16%, biology are living
Property nitrogen be greater than 20%, water solubility be greater than 99%；
The microelement includes the component of following mass ratio: 10~13 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.5~1 part of zinc sulfate, copper sulphate
0.4~1 part, 1~2 part of manganese sulfate, 2~4 parts of borax, 1.5~2 parts of ammonium molybdate.
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| CN107285929A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-10-24 | 安徽农耕年华农业发展有限公司 | A kind of pleurotus eryngii efficient culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN107522575A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-29 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所(新疆维吾尔自治区新型肥料研究中心) | A kind of bio-organic fertilizer special of suitable highlands maca and preparation method thereof |
| CN111056875A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-04-24 | 威海金颐阳药业有限公司 | Foliar fertilizer for three-year-old American ginseng |
| CN111056873A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-04-24 | 威海金颐阳药业有限公司 | Leaf fertilizer for two-year-old American ginseng |
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