CN105456447A - 一种含有艾叶的具有活血化淤功能的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种含有艾叶的具有活血化淤功能的中药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于中药领域,特别是涉及一种含有艾叶的具有活血化淤功能的中药组合物,所述中药组合物由如下重量份数的原料制成:艾叶15-25份、延胡索10-20份、茜草9-15份、苦石莲9-15份、毛冬青9-15份、没药6-12份、黄芪6-12份、络石藤6-12份、红豆3-10份、青皮3-10份、黑芝麻3-10份、五味子3-6份和甘草1-10份。本发明采用天然中药,毒副作用小,并且开发成方便服用的成品制剂后,生产工艺简单,疗效显著,普遍适用性好,易于推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药领域,具体涉及一种含有艾叶的具有活血化淤功能的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
血瘀证是指体内有血液停滞,包括血运不畅阻滞于经脉、络脉或脏腑,或离经之血积于体内所致的症候。引起血淤的原因有三种:一是外伤而没有伤口仅在局部造成淤块肿痛;二是血液运行不畅或无力;三是受寒气或热气影响, 导致血液滞留。血瘀证以刺痛不移,拒按,肿块,出血,唇舌爪甲紫暗,脉涩等为辨证要点。血淤症可见于很多种疾病,如胸痹心痛、冠心病、中风、脑血管病、肝病、肝纤维化和不孕症等疾病。活血化瘀,是指用具有消散作用的、或能攻逐体内瘀血的药物治疗瘀血病证的方法,有通畅血脉,消散瘀滞,调经止痛的作用。适用范围包括瘀阻于肺所致的胸痛咳血;瘀阻于肝所致的胁痛痞块;瘀阻于胞宫所致的小腹疼、月经不调、痛经等 ;瘀阻于肢体所致的局部肿痛青紫和瘀阻于脉络所致的半身不遂等。
中医药为我国的传统瑰宝,其在治疗血瘀方面积累了丰富的临床经验和治疗理论。中国专利申请201310147074.3的发明专利公开了一种活血化瘀中药组合物,该中药组合物由以下原料组成:灯盏细辛、丹参、红花、没药、木通、独活和三七组成。该中药组合物成分简单,但是该药物治疗周期较长,疗效一般。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种含有艾叶的具有活血化淤功能的中药组合物,该中药组合物具有活血化淤、散瘀止痛、益气生津、清热解毒等功效,还具有疗效好,副作用低,服用方便等优点。此外,本发明还提供相应的制造工艺将该中药组合物在保证疗效的前提下制成方便易用的制剂。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种含有艾叶的具有活血化淤功能的中药组合物,所述中药组合物由如下重量份数的原料制成:艾叶15-25份、延胡索10-20份、茜草9-15份、苦石莲9-15份、毛冬青9-15份、没药6-12份、黄芪6-12份、络石藤6-12份、红豆3-10份、青皮3-10份、黑芝麻3-10份、五味子3-6份和甘草1-10份。
优选地,所述中药组合物由如下重量份数的原料制成:艾叶15份、延胡索10份、茜草9份、苦石莲9份、毛冬青9份、没药6份、黄芪6份、络石藤6份、红豆3份、青皮3份、黑芝麻3份、五味子3份和甘草1份。
优选地,所述中药组合物由如下重量份数的原料制成:艾叶20份、延胡索15份、茜草12份、苦石莲12份、毛冬青12份、没药9份、黄芪9份、络石藤9份、红豆6份、青皮6份、黑芝麻6份、五味子4份和甘草5份。
优选地,所述中药组合物由如下重量份数的原料制成:艾叶25份、延胡索20份、茜草15份、苦石莲15份、毛冬青15份、没药12份、黄芪12份、络石藤12份、红豆10份、青皮10份、黑芝麻10份、五味子6份和甘草10份。
优选地,所述中药组合物被制成片剂、丸剂、散剂、颗粒剂或胶囊剂。
优选地,所述中药组合物由以下步骤制得:
S1:取艾叶,洗净干燥粉碎成粗粉,置于超临界二氧化碳萃取装置中,加入所述粗粉重量的35-50%体积分数为65-80%的乙醇,调控二氧化碳流量为15-20L/h,萃取压力为15-22MPa,萃取温度为45-60℃,萃取时间为1.5-2h,减压分离制得到艾叶提取液,保留艾叶残渣;
S2:取延胡索、茜草、苦石莲、毛冬青、没药、黄芪、络石藤、红豆、青皮、黑芝麻、五味子和甘草,加入上述艾叶残渣,加入药材总量2-7倍重量的蒸馏水浸泡3-8小时,煮沸2-4小时,过滤,得到滤液和滤渣,往滤渣中加入初始药材2-4倍重量的纯化水,煮沸1-3小时,过滤得到滤液并保存滤渣,合并两次滤液,浓缩,得到在65℃检测相对密度为1.20-1.30的浸膏A,备用;
S3:往S2的滤渣中加入3-7倍重量的浓度60-75%的乙醇,回流提取1-2次,每次3-6小时,过滤,合并滤液,减压蒸馏除去乙醇并浓缩,得到65℃相对密度为1.20-1.30的浸膏B,备用;
S4;合并所述浸膏A、所述浸膏B和所述艾叶提取液,减压浓缩,得到65℃相对密度为1.25-1.30的浸膏,即得。
相应地,本发明还提供了一种所述含有艾叶的具有活血化淤功能的中药组合物的制备方法,包括下述步骤:
S1:取艾叶,洗净干燥粉碎成粗粉,置于超临界二氧化碳萃取装置中,加入所述粗粉重量的35-50%体积分数为65-80%的乙醇,调控二氧化碳流量为15-20L/h,萃取压力为15-22MPa,萃取温度为45-60℃,萃取时间为1.5-2h,减压分离制得到艾叶提取液,保留艾叶残渣;
S2:取延胡索、茜草、苦石莲、毛冬青、没药、黄芪、络石藤、红豆、青皮、黑芝麻、五味子和甘草,加入上述艾叶残渣,加入药材总量2-7倍重量的蒸馏水浸泡3-8小时,煮沸2-4小时,过滤,得到滤液和滤渣,往滤渣中加入初始药材2-4倍重量的纯化水,煮沸1-3小时,过滤得到滤液并保存滤渣,合并两次滤液,浓缩,得到在65℃检测相对密度为1.20-1.30的浸膏A,备用;
S3: 往S2的滤渣中加入3-7倍重量的浓度60-75%的乙醇,回流提取1-2次,每次3-6小时,过滤,合并滤液,减压蒸馏除去乙醇并浓缩,得到65℃相对密度为1.20-1.30的浸膏B,备用;
S4:合并所述浸膏A、所述浸膏B和所述艾叶提取液,减压浓缩,得到65℃相对密度为1.25-1.30的浸膏,干燥粉碎,添加辅料,利用现代通用的中药制剂技术制成临床需要的成品制剂。
本发明中药组方所用中药材的来源、性味、归经及功效:
艾叶:本品为菊科植物艾的干燥叶;味辛、苦,性温;归肝、脾、肾经;散寒止痛,温经止血。
延胡索:本品为罂粟科植物延胡索的干燥块茎;味辛、苦,性温;归肝、脾经;活血,利气,止痛。
茜草:本品为茜草科植物茜草的干燥根及根茎;味苦,性寒;归肝经;凉血,止血,祛瘀,通经。
苦石莲:本品为豆科植物南蛇芳的种子;味苦,性寒;归心、脾、肾三经;散瘀止痛,清热去湿。
毛冬青:本品为冬青科植物毛冬青的根;味微苦甘,性平;归肺、肝、大肠经;清热解毒,活血通脉。
没药:本品为橄榄科没药属植物没药树及同属他种植物的树干皮部渗出的油胶树脂,味苦,性平;散瘀止痛。
黄芪:本品为豆科植物红花岩黄芪的根;味甘、性温;归心、肺、脾、肾经;补气固表,利尿,托毒排脓,生肌敛疮。
络石藤:本品为夹竹桃科植物络石的茎、叶;味苦,性寒;入肝、肾经;祛风通络,止血消瘀。
红豆:本品为豆科植物红豆树的种子;味苦,性平;归心、小肠经;理气,通经。
青皮:本品为芸香科植物橘及其栽培变种的干燥幼果或未成熟果实的果皮;其味苦、辛,性温;归肝、胆、胃经;疏肝破气,消积化滞。
黑芝麻:本品为脂麻科植物脂麻的种子;味甘,性平;归肝、肺、肾经;补肝肾,益精血,润肠燥。
五味子:本品为木兰科植物五味子或华中五味子的干燥成熟果实;其味酸、甘,性温;归肺,心、肾经;收敛固涩,益气生津,补肾宁心。
甘草:本品为豆科植物甘草、胀果甘草或光果甘草的干燥根;味甘,性平;归脾、胃、肺三经;补脾益气,清热解毒,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和诸药。
本发明中药组方的组方分析:本发明中药组方是以艾叶和延胡索为君药,行血破瘀,利气止痛;以茜草、苦石莲、毛冬青和没药为臣药,祛瘀通经,散瘀止痛,清热去湿;以黄芪、络石藤、红豆、青皮、黑芝麻为佐药,补气固表,理气通经,疏肝破气,补肝肾,益精血;以五味子和甘草为使药,益气生津,补肾宁心,清热解毒,调和诸药性,使诸药协同配合,相辅相成,共奏活血化淤、散瘀止痛、益气生津、清热解毒等功效。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下技术优势:
(1)本发明中药组合物对血瘀证模型大鼠血小板聚集率和凝血四项指标的影响实验结果显示,本发明中药组合物对血瘀证大鼠的血小板聚集具有显著的抑制效果,同时对其凝血四项指标的水平也有显著的改善作用,说明本发明中药组合物具有显著的活血化瘀效果。
(2)与当前治疗血瘀证的化学药物相比,所述中药组合物为天然纯中药制剂,不良反应和副作用显著降低,且所述中药组合物作用全面,药物治疗效果更佳,显著提高了血瘀证患者的用药依从性,并提高了患者的生活质量。
(3)本发明中药组合物具有活血化淤、散瘀止痛、益气生津、清热解毒等功效,还具有疗效好,成本低,显效率高,服用方便等优点。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式进一步描述本发明,但本发明不仅仅限于以下实施例。在本发明的范围内或者在不脱离本发明的内容、精神和范围内,对本发明所述的中药组合物进行适当改进、替换功效相同的组分,对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本发明的范围之内。
实施例1
本发明实施例1所述中药组合物由如下重量份数的原料制成:艾叶15份、延胡索10份、茜草9份、苦石莲9份、毛冬青9份、没药6份、黄芪6份、络石藤6份、红豆3份、青皮3份、黑芝麻3份、五味子3份和甘草1份。
制备方法:
S1:取艾叶,洗净干燥粉碎成粗粉,置于超临界二氧化碳萃取装置中,加入所述粗粉重量的35%体积分数为75%的乙醇,调控二氧化碳流量为15L/h,萃取压力为15MPa,萃取温度为45℃,萃取时间为1.5h,减压分离制得到艾叶提取液,保留艾叶残渣;
S2:取延胡索、茜草、苦石莲、毛冬青、没药、黄芪、络石藤、红豆、青皮、黑芝麻、五味子和甘草,加入上述艾叶残渣,加入药材总量7倍重量的蒸馏水浸泡3小时,煮沸4小时,过滤,得到滤液和滤渣,往滤渣中加入初始药材2倍重量的纯化水,煮沸3小时,过滤得到滤液并保存滤渣,合并两次滤液,浓缩,得到在65℃检测相对密度为1.20的浸膏A,备用;
S3:往S2的滤渣中加入3倍重量的浓度75%的乙醇,回流提取1次,每次3小时,过滤,合并滤液,减压蒸馏除去乙醇并浓缩,得到65℃相对密度为1.20的浸膏B,备用;
S4:合并所述浸膏A、所述浸膏B和所述艾叶提取液,减压浓缩,得到65℃相对密度为1.25的浸膏,干燥粉碎,添加辅料,利用现代通用的中药制剂技术制成颗粒剂,折合生药含量为0.35g生药/包颗粒剂。
实施例2
本发明实施例2所述中药组合物由如下重量份数的原料制成:艾叶20份、延胡索15份、茜草12份、苦石莲12份、毛冬青12份、没药9份、黄芪9份、络石藤9份、红豆6份、青皮6份、黑芝麻6份、五味子4份和甘草5份。
制备方法:
S1:取艾叶,洗净干燥粉碎成粗粉,置于超临界二氧化碳萃取装置中,加入所述粗粉重量的45%体积分数为75%的乙醇,调控二氧化碳流量为20L/h,萃取压力为20MPa,萃取温度为50℃,萃取时间为1.5h,减压分离制得到艾叶提取液,保留艾叶残渣;
S2:取延胡索、茜草、苦石莲、毛冬青、没药、黄芪、络石藤、红豆、青皮、黑芝麻、五味子和甘草,加入上述艾叶残渣,加入药材总量4倍重量的蒸馏水浸泡5小时,煮沸3小时,过滤,得到滤液和滤渣,往滤渣中加入初始药材3倍重量的纯化水,煮沸2小时,过滤得到滤液并保存滤渣,合并两次滤液,浓缩,得到在65℃检测相对密度为1.25的浸膏A,备用;
S3:往S2的滤渣中加入5倍重量的浓度75%的乙醇,回流提取2次,每次4小时,过滤,合并滤液,减压蒸馏除去乙醇并浓缩,得到65℃相对密度为1.25的浸膏B,备用;
S4:合并所述浸膏A、所述浸膏B和所述艾叶提取液,减压浓缩,得到65℃相对密度为1.25的浸膏,干燥粉碎,添加辅料,利用现代通用的中药制剂技术制成胶囊剂。
实施例3
本发明实施例3所述中药组合物由如下重量份数的原料制成:艾叶25份、延胡索20份、茜草15份、苦石莲15份、毛冬青15份、没药12份、黄芪12份、络石藤12份、红豆10份、青皮10份、黑芝麻10份、五味子6份和甘草10份。
制备方法如实施例2。
本发明中药组合物的药效试验
(一)试验材料
1. 试验药物:本发明实例2制备的中药组合物胶囊剂,去胶囊壳后加水稀释制糊状。
2. 试验动物:健康SD大鼠,体重 150-220g,由中山大学动物实验中心提供;大鼠自由摄取常规饲料和自来水,饲养室温度18℃-25。
3.阳性药物:复方血栓通胶囊(国药准字Z20030017,广东众生药业有限公司)。
(二)试验方法
取健康 SD 大鼠 60只,雌雄各半,随机分为 6组,分别为空白对照组、模型对照组、阳性对照组(复方血栓通胶囊1.0g/kg)、本发明实施例2中药组合物高剂量组 (1.0g/kg)、中剂量组 (0.5g/kg)、低剂量组 (0.25g/kg)。各组动物按上述剂量灌胃给药,空白对照组和模型对照组灌胃给予等体积生理盐水,1次/d,连续7d。除空白对照组以外的各组动物于第6d灌胃给药1h后皮下注射肾上腺素0.8mg/kg,注射肾上腺素2h后,将动物放入冰水中浸泡5min,2h后再次皮下注射肾上腺素0.8mg/kg进行血瘀证模型造模。第7 天末次给药1h后,各组动物以乌拉坦按1g/kg 的剂量腹腔注射进行麻醉,固定于解剖板上,行颈总动脉插管采血。测定大鼠的血小板聚集率、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)和纤维蛋白原(FIB)含量。
(三)试验结果
表1 本发明实施例2中药组合物对血瘀证大鼠血小板聚集的影响(X±SD,n=10)
组别 | 剂量(g/kg) | 血小板聚集率 (%) |
空白对照组 | 等体积生理盐水 | 35.43±10.45 |
模型对照组 | 等体积生理盐水 | 75.42±20.28∆∆ |
阳性对照组 | 1.0 | 55.32±15.63** |
实施例2高剂量组 | 1.0 | 38.54±10.42**## |
实施例2中剂量组 | 0.5 | 39.65±11.06**## |
实施例2低剂量组 | 0.25 | 40.25±8.86**## |
注:与正常对照比相比,∆∆P<0.01;与模型对照组相比,**P<0.01,与阳性对照组相比,#P<0.05,##P<0.01。
表2本发明实施例2中药组合物对血瘀证大鼠凝血四项指标的影响(X±SD,n=10)
注:与空白对照组相比,∆∆P<0.01,;与模型对照组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01;与复方血栓通胶囊组相比,#P<0.05。
从表1和表2的实验结果可以看出,本发明中药组合物对血瘀证大鼠的血小板聚集具有明显抑制作用(P<0.05),同时,高剂量组抑制血瘀证大鼠血小板聚集的效果要显著优于阳性对照组(P<0.05),中低剂量组的抑制效果与阳性对照组相当;本发明中药组合物可显著改善血瘀证大鼠凝血四项指标的水平(P<0.05),具有延长血瘀证大鼠凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血酶原时间、凝血酶时间和减少纤维蛋白原含量的作用,具有显著的抗凝效果。
本发明的中药组合物的临床试验
1.病例选择:在180例血瘀症临床患者志愿者中,男80例,女100例,年龄22-45岁,平均年龄26±2.1岁,患病时长1-8年,全部患者均具有典型的血瘀症特征。
2.诊断依据:参照《中药新药临床研究指导原则》(2010版)中的诊断标准评定:
主症:刺痛、痛有定处、拒按、脉络瘀血(诸如口唇、齿龈、爪甲紫暗,肤表赤缕,或腹部青筋外露),皮下瘀斑,癥积,离经之血,舌质紫暗或有瘀斑、瘀点,舌脉粗张,脉涩、无脉或沉弦、弦迟。
次症:肌肤甲错,肢体麻木或偏瘫。痴癫,狂躁,善忘,局部感觉异常,外伤史、手术史及人工流产史。
血瘀证主症2项,或主症1项、次症2项,即可诊断。
3.疗效评定标准:参照《中药新药临床研究指导原则》(2010版)中的诊断标准评定:
临床痊愈:血瘀的临床症状、体征消失或基本消失,证候积分减少≧床痊愈;
显效:血瘀的临床症状、体征明显改善,证候积分减少≧瘀的临;
有效:血瘀的临床症状、体征均有好转,证候积分减少≧瘀的临;
无效:血瘀的临床症状、体征均无明显改善,甚或加重,证候积分减少不足30%。
4. 试验方法:将180例临床志愿者患者随机分成分为治疗组和对照组,每组90人,对照组服用复方血栓通胶囊(国药准字Z20030017,广东众生药业有限公司),一次3粒,每天3次;治疗组服用本发明实施例3制备的本发明中药组合物胶囊剂,每天2 次,每次3粒, 14天为一疗程,3个疗程后评定效果。
5. 治疗结果:见表3。
表3本发明中药组合物临床疗效
组别 | 例数 | 临床痊愈(率) | 显效 | 有效 | 无效 | 愈显率 | 总有效率 |
治疗组 | 90 | 75(83.3%) | 8 | 5 | 2 | 92.3% | 97.8% |
对照组 | 90 | 60(66.7%) | 8 | 10 | 12 | 75.6% | 86.7% |
从表3的结果可知,本发明中药组合物活血化瘀效果显著,治疗血瘀证总有效率达97.8%,临床痊愈率(83.3%)和愈显率(92.3%)均明显优于对照组。因此可得结论为,本发明中药组合物活血化瘀效果显著,用于治疗血瘀证疗效好,临床治愈率高。
Claims (7)
1.一种含有艾叶的具有活血化淤功能的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物由如下重量份数的原料制成:艾叶15-25份、延胡索10-20份、茜草9-15份、苦石莲9-15份、毛冬青9-15份、没药6-12份、黄芪6-12份、络石藤6-12份、红豆3-10份、青皮3-10份、黑芝麻3-10份、五味子3-6份和甘草1-10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含有艾叶的具有活血化淤功能的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物由如下重量份数的原料制成:艾叶15份、延胡索10份、茜草9份、苦石莲9份、毛冬青9份、没药6份、黄芪6份、络石藤6份、红豆3份、青皮3份、黑芝麻3份、五味子3份和甘草1份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的含有艾叶的具有活血化淤功能的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物由如下重量份数的原料制成:艾叶20份、延胡索15份、茜草12份、苦石莲12份、毛冬青12份、没药9份、黄芪9份、络石藤9份、红豆6份、青皮6份、黑芝麻6份、五味子4份和甘草5份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的含有艾叶的具有活血化淤功能的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物由如下重量份数的原料制成:艾叶25份、延胡索20份、茜草15份、苦石莲15份、毛冬青15份、没药12份、黄芪12份、络石藤12份、红豆10份、青皮10份、黑芝麻10份、五味子6份和甘草10份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的含有艾叶的具有活血化淤功能的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物被制成片剂、丸剂、散剂、颗粒剂或胶囊剂。
6.根据权利要求1-4任一所述的含有艾叶的具有活血化淤功能的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物由以下步骤制得:
S1:取艾叶,洗净干燥粉碎成粗粉,置于超临界二氧化碳萃取装置中,加入所述粗粉重量的35-50%体积分数为65-80%的乙醇,调控二氧化碳流量为15-20L/h,萃取压力为15-22MPa,萃取温度为45-60℃,萃取时间为1.5-2h,减压分离制得到艾叶提取液,保留艾叶残渣;
S2:取延胡索、茜草、苦石莲、毛冬青、没药、黄芪、络石藤、红豆、青皮、黑芝麻、五味子和甘草,加入上述艾叶残渣,加入药材总量2-7倍重量的蒸馏水浸泡3-8小时,煮沸2-4小时,过滤,得到滤液和滤渣,往滤渣中加入初始药材2-4倍重量的纯化水,煮沸1-3小时,过滤得到滤液并保存滤渣,合并两次滤液,浓缩,得到在65℃检测相对密度为1.20-1.30的浸膏A,备用;
S3:往S2的滤渣中加入3-7倍重量的浓度60-75%的乙醇,回流提取1-2次,每次3-6小时,过滤,合并滤液,减压蒸馏除去乙醇并浓缩,得到65℃相对密度为1.20-1.30的浸膏B,备用;
S4;合并所述浸膏A、所述浸膏B和所述艾叶提取液,减压浓缩,得到65℃相对密度为1.25-1.30的浸膏,即得。
7.一种根据权利要求1-5任一所述的含有艾叶的具有活血化淤功能的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括下述步骤:
S1:取艾叶,洗净干燥粉碎成粗粉,置于超临界二氧化碳萃取装置中,加入所述粗粉重量的35-50%体积分数为65-80%的乙醇,调控二氧化碳流量为15-20L/h,萃取压力为15-22MPa,萃取温度为45-60℃,萃取时间为1.5-2h,减压分离制得到艾叶提取液,保留艾叶残渣;
S2:取延胡索、茜草、苦石莲、毛冬青、没药、黄芪、络石藤、红豆、青皮、黑芝麻、五味子和甘草,加入上述艾叶残渣,加入药材总量2-7倍重量的蒸馏水浸泡3-8小时,煮沸2-4小时,过滤,得到滤液和滤渣,往滤渣中加入初始药材2-4倍重量的纯化水,煮沸1-3小时,过滤得到滤液并保存滤渣,合并两次滤液,浓缩,得到在65℃检测相对密度为1.20-1.30的浸膏A,备用;
S3:往S2的滤渣中加入3-7倍重量的浓度60-75%的乙醇,回流提取1-2次,每次3-6小时,过滤,合并滤液,减压蒸馏除去乙醇并浓缩,得到65℃相对密度为1.20-1.30的浸膏B,备用;
S4;合并所述浸膏A、所述浸膏B和所述艾叶提取液,减压浓缩,得到65℃相对密度为1.25-1.30的浸膏,干燥粉碎,添加辅料,利用现代通用的中药制剂技术制成临床需要的成品制剂。
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