CN105340804B - A kind of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ecology symbiotic cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ecology symbiotic cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ecology symbiotic cultivation methods.I.e. with the alternation of the season, according to the difference in middle Pelteobagrus fulvidraco cultivation period throughout the year, different water plants is planted on Pelteobagrus fulvidraco aquaculture pond, specifically: when summer cultivates Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, water spinach and/or three-coloured amaranth are planted on aquaculture pond；When autumn cultivates Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, water spinach and/or three-coloured amaranth are planted on aquaculture pond；When winter cultivates Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, green water cress is planted on aquaculture pond；When spring cultivates Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, green water cress is planted on aquaculture pond.The cultivation scheme can not only purifying aquaculture water to the maximum extent in time, moreover it is possible to significantly improve Pelteobagrus fulvidraco items production performance index, and feed coefficient significantly reduces；And while greatly improving Pelteobagrus fulvidraco quality and harvest yield, it can also harvested vegetable, higher economic well-being of workers and staff is brought, is environmentally protective, the apparent water body in-situ reparation control ecological culturex of effect, is had a good application prospect in the cultivation and cultivation of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and its fry.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture.More particularly, to a kind of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ecology symbiotic cultivation method.
Background technique
Culture fishery occupies very important status in Chinese national economy, develops close with water, environmental quality
It is related.But the middle-size and small-size scale raising in some areas increases output of aquatic products simply, launches a large amount of artificial baits to breeding water body
High nitrogen, high phosphorus waste water is discharged in material, antibiotic, drug etc., causes the waters nitrogen phosphorus such as river, lake to severely exceed, water eutrophication
Change, destroys the stability and diversity of water ecological setting balance and aquatile.In recent years, due to a large amount of industrial wastewaters
With the discharge of a large amount of eutrophy breeding wastewaters of sanitary sewage and coastal area, China coast waters eutrophication is directly resulted in
Range and degree show the trend of expansion and exacerbation, and eutrophication water brings immeasurable harm to aquaculture.
It is common to have chemical method, physical method, biology side in order to solve harm of the eutrophication water to culture fishery
Method, ecological method etc., in contrast, first two method higher cost, and also can be to water body ambient enviroment in governance process
It affects, therefore biological method and ecological method will be prefered method in water process from now on.In recent years, ecological
The technology for repairing pond waters have developed rapidly.Planted float system is a kind of water body in-situ reparation and control technology that comparison is new.
Using biologic float bed technology, by water plant planting in pond, pass through the absorption and sorption effect and Species Competition restriction or checking relation in five elements of plant
Mechanism, energy needed for the polluters such as nitrogen, phosphorus in water are converted to plant growth are simultaneously stored in plant, are realized to water ring
The improvement in border.But existing research lays particular emphasis on Planted float system to the purification function and effect of water body, without being made more
It proposes for a kind of completely new plantation-pond culture type multiple ecosystem mode, is not mentioned for the cultivation of fish and the symbiosis of plant
The aquaculture model of win-win out.
Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Pseudobagrus fulvidraco) is distributed in the major water system in China, especially in the Changjiang river under
Trip and Pearl River Delta are widely distributed.Pelteobagrus fulvidraco fine and tender taste, without piercing between flesh, delicious flavour belongs to rare fingerling, is suitble to all kinds of
Crowd, especially children and old man are edible.Since natural resources are reduced, the speed of growth is slow, easily ill, and cultured output is relatively not
Height, the market price are higher.The cultured output of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is not high, and most important reason is exactly the influence of water quality, therefore, for yellow forehead
The breeding water body of fish is studied, and has important operation instruction meaning.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects and deficiency of existing Pelteobagrus fulvidraco cultural technique, provide a kind of Huang
Forehead fish ecology symbiotic cultivation method is the cultural method of a kind of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and the training symbiosis of cage type dish, select water spinach, three-coloured amaranth,
Green water cress etc. is used as Water cultivating plant, is imitated by in-situ immobilization of the analysis net cage planting aquatic plants to cultivating pool water environment
Fruit constructs a set of perfect ecological assemblage type multiple ecosystem mode, is also net cage plantation-pond culture type multiple ecosystem
Formation provides theoretical foundation.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The present invention has researched and proposed a kind of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco breeding water body eutrophication method for early warning first, be with total phosphorus (TP),
Nitrite nitrogen (NO2 -- N), COD (COD), water transparency (SD), nitrate nitrogen (NO3 -- N), total ammonia nitrogen
(TAN), total nitrogen (TN), dissolved oxygen (DO), leaf green a (Chl-a) are used as early warning factor, and analyze each early warning factor and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco
The correlation of mortality and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco to the tolerance limit of each early warning factor, by warning grade be divided into no police, light alert, middle police,
Alert and super alert five ranks again.Specifically, the relationship of above-mentioned warning grade and biochemical indicator is as follows:
Without police: TP < 0.1mg/L, NO2 -- N < 0.1mg/L, COD < 25~45cm of 8mg/L, SD, NO3 -1~3mg/L of-N,
40~100 μ g/L of TAN<1.5~5mg/L of 0.1mg/L, TN, DO>4.5mg/L, Chl-a；
It is light alert: 0.1~0.5mg/L of TP, NO2 -0.1~0.2mg/L of-N, 8~15mg/L of COD, 20~25cm of SD,
NO3 -3~5mg/L of-N, 0.1~0.5mg/L of TAN, 5~12mg/L of TN, 4~4.5mg/L of DO, 100~170 μ g/ of Chl-a
L；
Middle police: 0.5~1.0mg/L of TP, NO2 -0.2~0.3mg/L of-N, 15~20mg/L of COD, 15~20cm of SD,
NO3 -5~10mg/L of-N, 0.5~1.0mg/L of TAN, 12~18mg/L of TN, 3~4mg/L of DO, 170~220 μ g/ of Chl-a
L；
It warns again: 1.0~1.5mg/L of TP, NO2 -0.3~0.5mg/L of-N, 20~25mg/L of COD, 10~15cm of SD,
NO3 -10~15mg/L of-N, 1.0~1.5mg/L of TAN, 18~23mg/L of TN, 2~3mg/L of DO, 220~270 μ g/ of Chl-a
L；
Super police: TP >=1.5mg/L, NO2 --N≥0.5mg/L、COD≥25mg/L、SD≤10cm、NO3 --N≥15mg/L、
TAN≥1.5mg/L、TN≥23mg/L、DO≤2mg/L、Chl-a≥270μg/L。
Further, situation is classified according to Fish Survival tolerance limit, establishes expression formula: Y=X/N；
In formula: Y is to meet super alert and again alert single-factor number fraction, and fraction refers to the single-stage early warning of water quality factor
The value that rank can at least reach；X is to meet super alert and again alert single-factor number；N is the water quality number chosen as early warning；
Multiple water quality factor collective effects obtain warning level division: when Y value=0, for no police；When Y value≤15%,
Gently to warn；It is middle police as 15% < Y≤25%；As 25% < Y≤50%, attach most importance to police；As Y > 50%, for super police.
The present invention is on the basis of above-mentioned method for early warning, it is also proposed that a kind of row's alarm method, the i.e. symbiosis of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ecology are supported
Method is grown, i.e., is planted on aquaculture pond while cultivating Pelteobagrus fulvidraco according to the difference in middle Pelteobagrus fulvidraco cultivation period throughout the year
Different water plants.Specifically: when summer cultivates Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, water spinach and/or three-coloured amaranth are planted on aquaculture pond；Autumn cultivation
When Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, water spinach and/or three-coloured amaranth are planted on aquaculture pond；When winter cultivates Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, green water cress is planted on aquaculture pond；
When spring cultivates Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, green water cress is planted on aquaculture pond.
Preferably, the cultivated area of the water spinach, three-coloured amaranth or green water cress accounts for the 20~40% of the aquaculture pond water surface.More preferably
Account for the aquaculture pond water surface for cultivated area 30%.
It is highly preferred that the height of the water spinach is 15~25cm, 0.5~0.8cm of stem diameter.Preferably, described hollow
2~4cm is divided between the plantation of dish, most preferably interval 3cm.
It is highly preferred that the height of the three-coloured amaranth is 10~20cm, 0.4~0.6cm of stem diameter.Preferably, the three-coloured amaranth
0.5~2cm is divided between plantation, most preferably interval 1.5cm.
It is highly preferred that the height of the green water cress is 8~18cm, 0.3~0.5cm of stem diameter.Preferably, the green water cress
Plantation between be divided into 1~3cm, most preferably interval 2cm.
In addition, when summer or autumn cultivation cultivation Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, it is empty when using the scheme of common plantation water spinach and three-coloured amaranth
The cultivated area of heart dish and three-coloured amaranth ratio is 1~4:1.
As a kind of enforceable preferred embodiment, the water spinach, three-coloured amaranth or green water cress are planted in net cage, each net cage
Middle planting number is identical, and each net cage close-packed arrays float on the water surface, guarantees water spinach, three-coloured amaranth or green water cress plant in breeding process
Survival rate, reseed dead seedling in time.Preferably, the specification of the net cage is length × width × height=1.0m × 1.0m × 0.7m.More
Preferably, the net cage framework is formed using PVC50 Plastic Steel Pipe by liquid glue sticking, it is ensured that sealing, net cage upper layer kickboard are
It is paved with the 1cm mesh plastic carrier of framework, is carried out disinfection using the last week to net cage.
As a kind of enforceable preferred embodiment, above-mentioned Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ecology symbiotic cultivation method includes the following steps:
S1. select 0.6~1.2g of weight, it is physically fit, without sick and wounded advanced fry of yellow catfish, according to 80~100 tail fries/vertical
The density of square rice temporarily supports 6~8d in closed indoor storage pond, holding pond；
S2. soaking disinfection processing is carried out to aquaculture pond with oxalic acid using fishing, after cleaning up, injects fresh tap water 0.5
~0.8 meter, oxygenation aeration 2~3 days, stand one week for use；
S3. under fry before pond, the fry examination water that number tail is temporarily supported is put into aquaculture pond, observes the activity condition of fry, when
Fry activity condition is normal, when water quality indicator meets fry growth, carries out pond under fry；
S4. under fry behind pond, according to 20~40% plantation coverage rate, using net cage in the aquatic plant of aquaculture pond water surface planting
Object, summer and autumn plantation water spinach and/or three-coloured amaranth, winter and spring plant green water cress；The planting number of each net cage is identical,
The survival rate for guaranteeing water spinach plant, reseeds dead seedling in time；
S5. feeding management: daily morning 7:00~9:00 and evening 17:00~19:00 feed identical feed, and day feeding volume is
The 3.0%~6.0% of fry weight.
When feeding management, the time point for feeding feed sooner or later daily need not can strictly be limited, but be to ensure that daily rule
Rule property, i.e., daily right place feeds feed.Most preferably it is that daily morning 8:00 and evening 18:00 feed identical feed feeding, throws day
The amount of feeding is the 5.0% of fry weight；Feeding volume can be adjusted flexibly according to situation of ingesting, record it is daily feed situation, remember strictly according to the facts
Record is because of anorexia caused by the reasons such as Changes in weather or does not eat phenomenon.
By the various test tool of operating process strict sterilization, a possibility that disease infects is reduced, is avoided as far as possible using drug,
The experimentation of fish disease in to(for) burst only uses less toxic noresidue fishing medicine, as metrifonate and potassium permanganate control the state of an illness；Cultivation
During test, daily early, middle and late right place patrols pond, observe and record Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ingest, activity condition and each culturing pool
Situations such as matter, water temperature variation, dead fish is fished in time, investigate thoroughly the cause of death and take corresponding solution countermeasure.
Wherein preferably, the specification of aquaculture pond described in closed interior storage pond, holding pond and step S2 described in step S1 is long × wide
× height=6.06m × 1.56m × 1.30m.Preferably, 7d is temporarily supported in closed indoor cement pit, each storage pond, holding pond is put in a suitable place to breed
1200 tails.
Preferably, 0.7 meter of the depth of water that fresh tap water is injected described in step S2.During cultivation, in aquaculture pond keep 6.5~
7.5m3Breeding water.
Preferably, plantation coverage rate described in step S4 is 30%.
It is further preferred that the height of the water spinach is 15~25cm, 0.5~0.8cm of stem diameter.Preferably, described
2~4cm is divided between the plantation of water spinach, most preferably interval 3cm.
It is highly preferred that the height of the three-coloured amaranth is 10~20cm, 0.4~0.6cm of stem diameter.Preferably, the three-coloured amaranth
0.5~2cm is divided between plantation, most preferably interval 1.5cm.
It is highly preferred that the height of the green water cress is 8~18cm, 0.3~0.5cm of stem diameter.Preferably, the green water cress
Plantation between be divided into 1~3cm, most preferably interval 2cm.
In addition, when summer or autumn cultivation cultivation Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, it is empty when using the scheme of common plantation water spinach and three-coloured amaranth
The cultivated area of heart dish and three-coloured amaranth ratio is 1~4:1.
Preferably, feed described in step S5 be pellet, the ingredient containing following weight ratio: crude protein >=40%,
Coarse ash≤13.0%, crude fibre≤12.0%, lysine >=0.80%, methionine >=0.40%, total phosphorus >=0.45%, calcium
0.5~1.5%, moisture content≤12.9%, salt 0.35~0.8%.
It is highly preferred that the pellet contains the ingredient of following weight ratio: 40%≤crude protein≤70%, coarse ash≤
13.0%, crude fibre≤12.0%, 0.80%≤lysine≤1.50%, 0.40%≤methionine≤1.00%, 0.45%≤
Total phosphorus≤1.00%, calcium 0.5~1.5%, moisture content≤12.9%, salt 0.35~0.8%.
The present invention on the basis of having explored a set of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco breeding water body eutrophication method for early warning, has studied first
A kind of effective row's alarm method selects water spinach, three-coloured amaranth and green water cress and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco total respectively that is, according to different seasons
It gives birth to and brings up and grows, net cage cultivates the excessive nutriment that these water plants can largely absorb be enriched in water, increases molten in water
Oxygen amount, the breeding of Competitive assays harmful algae, the Organic substance in water in addition, root system of plant microorganism can also directly degrade, and one
Determine to enhance in degree plant to the adaptability of pollution environment, promotes absorption of the plant to organic matter, accelerate indirectly organic
The degradation of pollutant.Experiment display, net cage cultivate water spinach, three-coloured amaranth and green water cress to TN, TP, NO2 --N、NO3 --N、TAN、
The removal efficiency of Chl-a can reach respectively as 50% or so, 70% or so, 85% or so, 80% or so, 90% or so,
80% or so, and the temperature of water body, pH, DO, SD, more stable state is held in entire breeding process, it is suitble to
The growth of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
From the point of view of permanent cultivation, according to the difference of Various Seasonal water body and yellow catfish growing environment, plant in due course different
Water plant and its composite plant carry out symbiosis cultivation with Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, can not only reach at significant purification to breeding water body
Effect is managed, also has the facilitation that increases significantly to the production of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, physiology and growth performance, experiment display is each to test
Average survival, average daily gain, average individual weight, the specific growth rate of group Pelteobagrus fulvidraco respectively reach as 80% or so,
180mg/d or so, 20g or so, 3% or so, than control group be respectively increased 80% or so, 50% or so, 50% or so and
20% or so, and each experimental group feed coefficient can be 1.5 or so, reduce 25% or so than control group.
The invention has the following advantages:
The present invention proposes a kind of effect on the basis of the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco breeding water body eutrophication early warning mechanism established for the first time
Fruit significantly arranges alarm method, i.e., according to different seasons, selects the water plants such as water spinach, three-coloured amaranth and green water cress and yellow forehead respectively
Fish symbiosis cultivation, can not only purify Pelteobagrus fulvidraco breeding water to the maximum extent, effectively remove water body unfavorable factor, exclude in time
It is alert to suffer from, and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco items production performance index can be significantly improved, average survival, average daily gain including Pelteobagrus fulvidraco,
Average individual weight and specific growth rate etc., feed coefficient but significantly reduces；While greatly improving Pelteobagrus fulvidraco quality and harvest yield,
Water spinach can be also harvested, higher economic well-being of workers and staff is brought, therefore, net cage cultivation water spinach of the present invention is an environmentally protective, effect
The apparent water body in-situ reparation of fruit and control technology, before there is application well in the cultivation and cultivation of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and its fry
Scape.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is control group breeding water body water temperature.
Fig. 2 is the variation of control group cultivation water pH.
Fig. 3 is the variation of control group breeding water body transparency.
Fig. 4 is the variation of control group breeding water body dissolved oxygen.
Fig. 5 is the variation of control group breeding water body ammonia nitrogen.
Fig. 6 is the variation of control group breeding water body COD.
Fig. 7 is the variation of control group cultivation water nitrite.
Fig. 8 is the variation of control group breeding water body nitrate.
Fig. 9 is the variation of control group breeding water body total nitrogen.
Figure 10 is the variation of control group breeding water body total phosphorus.
Figure 11 is the variation of control group breeding water body Chlorophyll-a Content.
Figure 12 is control group aquaculture pond Pelteobagrus fulvidraco death toll situation weekly.
Figure 13 is influence of the water spinach to cultivation water pH.
Figure 14 is influence of the water spinach to breeding water body temperature.
Figure 15 is influence of the water spinach to breeding water body DO.
Figure 16 is influence of the water spinach to breeding water body transparency.
Figure 17 is influence of the water spinach to breeding water body ammonia-nitrogen content.
Figure 18 is water spinach to breeding water body ammonia nitrogen removal frank.
Figure 19 is influence of the water spinach to cultivation water nitrite content.
Figure 20 is water spinach to cultivation water nitrite removal rate.
Figure 21 is influence of the water spinach to breeding water body nitrate content.
Figure 22 is water spinach to breeding water body nitrate removal rate.
Figure 23 is influence of the water spinach to breeding water body total nitrogen content.
Figure 24 is water spinach to breeding water body nitrogen removal rate.
Figure 25 is influence of the water spinach to breeding water body total phosphorus content.
Figure 26 is water spinach to the total tp removal rate of breeding water body.
Figure 27 is influence of the water spinach to breeding water body Chlorophyll-a Content.
Figure 28 is water spinach to breeding water body chlorophyll a removal rate.
Figure 29 is the pancreas index variation of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco liver.
Figure 30 is Pelteobagrus fulvidraco liver pancreas T-SOD vigor and dorsal muscles MDA content；Data be M ± S.E (n=3), experimental group and
The different letters of target in control group, expression significant difference, the level of signifiance (p < 0.05), similarly hereinafter.
Figure 31 is Pelteobagrus fulvidraco liver pancreas CAT vigor.
Figure 32 is respectively the vigor and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco liver pancreas ACP and AKP vigor of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco liver pancreas and dorsal muscles T-AOC.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment, but the present invention is not done any
The restriction of form.Unless stated otherwise, the present invention uses reagent, method and apparatus is the art conventional reagents, method
And equipment.Unless stated otherwise, following embodiment agents useful for same and material are commercially available.
1 Pelteobagrus fulvidraco breeding water body eutrophication early warning mechanism research of embodiment
1, experimental material
(1) advanced fry of yellow catfish: advanced fry of yellow catfish is purchased from the Fushan City, Guangdong Province town Xi Qiao village of Datong District Guangdong sea large group subordinate
Star cultivate Demonstration Base, totally 7200 tail, weight 0.6~1.2g is physically fit, without sick and wounded.According to the requirement of test setting
It is assigned randomly in each experiment pool, each cement pit puts 1200 tails in a suitable place to breed.Another batch of fry is produced by Guangzhou, Guangdong gold foreign-water
It cultivates Co., Ltd's cultivation Demonstration Base to provide, amounts to 1200 tails, weight average is 50g/ tail, physically fit.By the phase of test
It closes and requires to be assigned randomly in each cement pit, each cement pit puts 200 tails in a suitable place to breed.
Before experiment, advanced fry of yellow catfish is in closed indoor cement pit (length × width × height=6.06m × 1.56m × 1.30m)
In temporarily support 7d, wherein specification is uniform for selection, the healthy and strong Pelteobagrus fulvidraco seedling of individual.
(2) aquaculture pond: aquaculture pond is rectangle cement pit (length × width × height=6.06m × 1.56m × 1.30m).
During culture experiment, 6.5~7.5m is kept in aquaculture pond3Breeding water.Pond the last week under fry, to all cultivation
Fishpond is handled using the full pond soaking disinfection of fishing oxalic acid, after cleaning up, injects new tap water, 0.7 meter of the depth of water, oxygen increasing pump is ventilated
Oxygenation aeration 2~3 days, stand one week or so for use.
Control group aquaculture pond number D1, D2, D3 (for the experimental group of embodiment 3, experimental group aquaculture pond number
S1, S2, S3, experimental group introduce water spinach and handle water body；Respectively set 3 repetitions).
Under fry before pond, water is tried respectively at putting into number tail test fry in each aquaculture pond, observes the activity condition of fry.Such as
Fry activity condition is normal, when water quality indicator meets fry growth, can throw seedling.
(3) test feed: each aquaculture pond be all made of same specification, same quality particle commercial feed (crude protein >=
40%, coarse ash≤13.0%, crude fibre≤12.0%, lysine >=0.80%, methionine >=0.40%, total phosphorus >=
0.45%, calcium 0.5~1.5%, moisture content≤12.9%, salt 0.35~0.8%).
2, experimental design
(1) culturing time lasts 90 days from September 25th, 25 days 1 June in 2013.And from August 10 in 2014
Day on November 9th, 2014, lasts 91 days.It is direct that the fluid loss that moisture evaporation in all test tanks generates is all made of tap water
Supply, guarantees the consistency of breeding water body.Three control group aquaculture ponds D1, D2 and D3 are primarily used to delimit the police of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco water quality
Thread test is guarded against, determining corresponding warning grade, (the other three experimental group aquaculture pond S1, S2 and S3 mainly suffer from progress phase according to alert
The alert test of the row answered, the exclusion of alert trouble is carried out to different warning grades, is specifically shown in embodiment 3).
(2) feeding management: during culture experiment, daily early, middle and late right place patrols pond, observes and records Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and takes the photograph
Situations such as food, activity condition and each aquaculture pond water quality, water temperature variation, fishes for each experiment pool death fish in time, and record is dead in detail
Number and the time for dying fish investigate thoroughly the cause of death and take corresponding solution countermeasure；
Daily morning 8:00 and evening 18:00 feed identical feed, and day feeding volume is the 3.0%~6.0% of weight, can basis
Feeding volume is adjusted flexibly in situation of ingesting, and records and daily feeds situation.By the various test tools of operating process strict sterilization, reduce
A possibility that disease infects, avoids as far as possible using drug, only uses less toxic noresidue fishing medicine, such as metrifonate for the fish disease of burst
The state of an illness is controlled with potassium permanganate.Record the death condition of fry.
3, sample acquisition and processing
(1) water sampling: 8,15,22,29,36,43,50,57,64,71d taken at regular intervals water after starting experiment
Sample, to total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, pH value, COD, chlorophyll content
Etc. indexs be measured.
(2) Fish tissue acquires: 10 or 20 tail fries are fished in each fishpond at random, are randomly selected 5 or 10 tails, are completely adopted
Collect liver pancreas, while acquiring peeling muscle of back, is transferred to -86 DEG C with ice chest rapidly and saves backup.
(3) serum collection: each fishpond chooses the moderate Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of 5 or 10 tail specifications and weighs, tail vein blood drawing, ice chest
Middle standing 2~4h, 4 DEG C, 3500r centrifugation 10min, the amount of taking fully supernatant are saved backup at -86 DEG C.
(4) prepared by tissue homogenate: test serum (liver pancreas or dorsal muscles) 0.300~0.500g is accurately weighed, according to
The tissue homogenate that physiological saline is prepared into 10% is added in w/v, and 3000~3500r/min is centrifuged 10min, takes tissue
Supernatant, centrifuge tube packing, posts -86 DEG C of label and saves backup.When index determining, according to the requirement of kit, grope most suitable
Concentration, measure after homogenate to be measured normal saline dilution.
4, water quality indicator observation method: " water and effluent monitoring analysis method " (the 4th edition) write according to State Bureau of Environmental Protection,
Each Monitoring Indexes method is as follows: pH, DO, temperature: 9804 series multifunctional Water Test Kits on-site measurements；Water transparency
(SD): plate way；COD: potassium dichromate method (GB11914-89)；Ammonia nitrogen: reagent colorimetric method (GB7479-87)；Nitrous state
Nitrogen: diazonium-azo colorimetric method (GB7493-87)；Nitrate nitrogen: ultraviolet spectrophotometry；Chlorophyll a: ultrasonic wave added hot ethanol mentions
It follows the example of；Total nitrogen: alkaline chitinase oxidation-uv-spectrophotometric (GB11894-89)；Total phosphorus: digest by potassium persulfate-molybdic acid
Ammonium spectrophotometry (GB11893-89).
5, the weight, the speed of growth, specific growth rate, feed coefficient, liver pancreas of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco the measurement of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco index: are measured
The production performances such as dirty index, survival rate index and acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), total superoxides discrimination
The biochemical indicators such as enzyme (T-SOD) vigor of change, malonaldehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC).
6, result and analysis
(1) the variation difference of water temperature and pH are as shown in Figure 1, 2: the water temperature of aquaculture pond D1, D2, D3 without significant changes,
PH variation range 7.4~9.3, water temperature and pH are totally suitble to yellow catfish growing during cultivation.
(2) variation (such as Fig. 3) of breeding water body transparency is in 10~50cm, and transparency reaches maximum value 50cm within the 15th day, supports
It grows the middle and later periods to increase with the inorganic salts such as nitrogen phosphorus in dampening, algal grown is vigorous, and water transparency is gradually reduced.
(3) 4.5~9.0mg.L of variation (such as Fig. 4) range of Dissolved Oxygen in Water (DO)-1.DO is higher early period, and in cultivating,
Later period is lower, impacts to the growth of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
(4) variation (as schemed) range of breeding water body ammonia nitrogen (TAN) is 0.37~8.98mg.L-1.The 64th after cultivation
It has reached 8.98 ± 0.05mg.L of maximum value-1, content containing considerably beyond fishery standard non-ionic ammonia of ammonia nitrogen in water body
Measure (≤0.02mg.L-1), also occur Pelteobagrus fulvidraco mortality at this time.
(5) variation (such as Fig. 6) of breeding water body COD (COD) is in rising trend, mobility scale be 11.5~
47mg.L-1, COD has reached 45.3mg.L at the end of culture experiment-1, reflected water quality continuous worsening.
(6) variation (such as Fig. 7) range of cultivation water nitrite content is 0.004~0.585mg.L-1, before cultivation
17d gradually rises, and reaches 0.579 ± 0.007mg.L of maximum value in 17d-1, then sharply decline and be in stable state.
(7) variation of breeding water body nitrate: as shown in figure 8, aquaculture pond NO3 -The variation range of N content be 0.18~
7.88mg.L-1, and continue to rise, reached a small peak at the 36th day, then held stationary, when after the 50th day with cultivation
Between extension continue to gradually rise.
(8) variation of breeding water body total nitrogen: if the variation of Fig. 9, the total nitrogen content of aquaculture pond are gradually increasing, variation range exists
10.22~18.06mg.L-1Between, reach maximum value within the 43rd day, then basic held stationary situation, only control group D1 is the
Total nitrogen fluctuation tendency is obvious after 43 days.
(9) variation of breeding water body total phosphorus: as shown in Figure 10, the total phosphorus content of aquaculture pond generally all keeps rising becoming
Gesture, variation range are 0.16~3.11mg.L-1, in water body the content of phosphorus be mainly the excreta from Pelteobagrus fulvidraco metabolism with
And feed decomposition product is fed, available sources are narrow.
(10) variation of breeding water body Chlorophyll-a Content: as shown in figure 11, the variation range of Chlorophyll-a Content is 40.18
~330.34 μ g.L-1, reach peak within the 29th day in cultivation, the later period is declined.
(11) variation of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco death mantissa
Such as Figure 12,1 week death toll is higher after Pelteobagrus fulvidraco seedling is put in a suitable place to breed, because of Pelteobagrus alepidote, in transportational process easily
Frictionally damage brings fatal risk.In the 2nd, 3 week, fry death toll decline, breeding environment at this moment compares Pelteobagrus fulvidraco
It is suitble to.Rise in the 4th, 5,6 week Pelteobagrus fulvidraco death toll, because feed remains in water, makes nitrogen, the phosphorus concentration liter in water body indirectly
Height, algae raised growth, harmful microorganism are continuously increased, and catch an illness rate and the death rate of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco increases.Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is dead within 7th, 8 week
Several declines are died, because Measures of Algae in Water Body is periodically dead, so that harmful microorganism is lost deposit body, to reduce Pelteobagrus fulvidraco sense
Catch an illness a possibility that becoming.9th, 10 week, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco death appearance significantly increased, because water body environment sharply deteriorates, in water body
The eutrophication factor such as nitrogen, phosphorus be largely enriched with, Measures of Algae in Water Body mass propagation again, Dissolved Oxygen in Water reduces, noxious material
Increase, fry mortality, water at this time has no longer adapted to the growth of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
2 Pelteobagrus fulvidraco breeding water body eutrophication Early-warning Model research of embodiment
Based on the research of embodiment 1, analyze and research to Pelteobagrus fulvidraco breeding water body eutrophication Early-warning Model.
1, the foundation of warning grade
(1) screening of the water quality early-warning factor
Pond water quality management is the necessary condition of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco efficient health cultivation, the outburst of fish disease and main water quality because
Son is closely related, and these water quality factors have complicated connection each other, and the variation of usually one variable causes separately
The variation of some variables, related coefficient are the indexs for measuring degree of correlation between two variables.
If indicating first variable with X, indicate second variable with Y, they be respectively X=(x1, x2, x3 ...,
Xn)；Y=(yl, y2, y3 ..., yn), related coefficient definition:
WhereinRespectively indicate the average of two variables.
The related coefficient of water quality factor and prediction object can reflect each variable to the influence degree of experimental subjects.Therefore
Related coefficient can be used as the foundation for delimiting early warning water quality factor, choose it is some with the bigger water quality of prediction object related coefficient because
Pre-selective idex of the son as early warning.The correlation analysis of death toll and water quality factor and each water quality factor is shown in Table 1.
The correlation of table 1 the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco death rate and water quality factor and each water quality factor
Note: * significant correlation on 0.05 horizontal (bilateral).* significant correlation on 0.01 horizontal (bilateral).
As shown in Table 1, sequentially with Pelteobagrus fulvidraco death data/coherency order of magnitude are as follows: TP > NO3 --N>COD>SD>NO2 --N
>TAN>TN>DO>T>Chl-a>PH, the factor with conspicuousness related (p<0.05) is NO3 -- N, COD, SD, extremely significant correlation (p
< 0.01) factor is TP.
In addition to this, having there are significant correlation between each water quality factor: DO and TP, COD, SD, NO2 --N、NO3 --
N,TAN,TN,T；SD and TP, COD, NO2 --N、NO3 --N,TAN,TN；PH and NO2 --N；COD and TP, TN, NO3 --N；NO2 -- N with
TP、NO3 --N；NO3 -- N and TP, TN；Wherein Chl-a and PH and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco death data/coherency are minimum.The death of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco be by
The interaction of multiple water quality factors as a result, and the mode of action of each water quality factor, action intensity it is different.Therefore in Huang
It, need to also be with further reference to other water standards other than needing to consider linear dependence in forehead fish water quality early-warning.
(2) delimitation of water quality warning line: this experimental science objectively delimit early warning warning line, and it is resistance to limited to divide Pelteobagrus fulvidraco
Degree is of great significance as the final foundation for delimiting warning grade.
The classification of 2 Fish Survival tolerance limit of table
The present invention is resistant to standard according to above-mentioned fish, with reference to " water quality standard for fishery ", " surface water quality standard ", " life
Sanitary standard for drinking water " water quality delimitation standard, the practical cultivation situation of Binding experiment, according to the physiological conditions of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and to water quality
The adaptability of environment has determined the warning line of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco early warning (such as in conjunction with a large amount of practical cultivation data and several water standards
Shown in table 3).For water quality factor unspecified in standard, then using the practical experience that cultivates as standard.
3 Pelteobagrus fulvidraco water quality warning line of table
(3) judge the method for water quality alert
It is classified situation according to Fish Survival tolerance limit, it is as follows to establish expression formula: Y=X/N；
In formula: Y is to meet super alert and again alert single-factor number fraction, and X is to meet super alert and again alert single-factor
Number, N are the water quality number chosen as early warning.Fraction refers to what the single-stage warning level of water quality factor can at least reach
Value, multiple water quality factor collective effects obtain warning level division and are shown in Table 4.
4 multiple-factor water quality condition warning level of table
Alert judgement is carried out to control group aquaculture pond D1, D2, D3, the results are shown in Table 5, D1, D2, D3 are in cultivation 8d Water Quality Office
In without alert state, D1, D3 reach again alert in 29d, and D2 reaches again alert in 50d, the even up to super police in 57d.
The unstable state that three aquaculture ponds of later period are warned all in middle police, again substantially is cultivated, general trend is that water quality deterioration is more and more tighter
Weight, until influencing Pelteobagrus fulvidraco normal growth.
The early warning result of 5 aquaculture pond of table
2, the relationship of fish biochemical indicator and warning grade
(1) firstly, according to warning grade of the present invention division methods, warning grade is done to four sampling times of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and is sentenced
It is fixed, and determine the situation of change (table 6) of different biochemical indicators under each warning grade.
6 warning grade of table and changes of biochemical indexes situation (n=30)
Note: CAT, T-SOD, T-AOC, enzyme activity unit U/mgprot, AKP, ACP enzyme activity unit U/gprot, number in table
According to being expressed as M ± S.E, August 13 days with belong within August 23rd middle police, belong within September 2nd and warn again, calculated according to Y value, August ratio 8 on the 23rd
The water quality deterioration on the moon 13 is serious.
(2) by warning level with different digital representation (no police=1, light by alert=2, middle police=3, warn=4 again, it is super it is alert=
5), then with the correlation analysis that does of each physiological and biochemical index, related coefficient is shown in Table 7.
7 warning level of table and biochemical indicator correlation
Note: * significant correlation on 0.05 horizontal (bilateral).T-AOC is liver pancreas oxidation resistance
By table 6 and table 7 it is found that the vigor of liver pancreas T-AOC content and liver pancreas T-SOD and police degree size be in conspicuousness just
Related (p < 0.05).MDA content and police's degree rank are negatively correlated in conspicuousness in liver pancreas ACP, AKP, CAT content and dorsal muscles.
3 water spinach of embodiment and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco symbiosis cultivate
1, test setting
Experiment season be summer, experimental group cultivation pond number S1, S2, S3, experimental group using net cage cultivate water spinach at
Water body is managed, i.e., cultivates water spinach using net cage on aquaculture pond.According to the interval of 3cm plant high about 20cm, stem straight 0.5~
The water spinach 35kg of 0.8cm, the planting number of each net cage is identical, guarantees survival rate, reseeds dead seedling in time.Cage size used
Are as follows: length × width × height=1.0m × 1.0m × 0.7m, net cage framework are formed using 50pvc Plastic Steel Pipe by 502 liquid glue stickings,
Ensure to seal, net cage upper layer kickboard is that specification 1cm mesh plastic carrier is paved with framework, and cultivation the last week carries out disinfection place to net cage
Reason.
Other processing and cultural method respectively set 3 repetitions with the control group of embodiment 1, control group and experimental group.
2, influence of the water spinach to Pelteobagrus fulvidraco water quality factor
(1) influence of the water spinach to cultivation water pH: as shown in figure 13, experimental group and control group pH persistently rise, and support
After growing the 50th day, control group pH continues to rise up to maximum value 9.2, and experimental group is basically stable at 8.20 or so, and it is obvious poor to present
It is different, show that water spinach has certain effect for the stabilization of water body pH.
(2) influence of the water spinach to breeding water body temperature: as shown in figure 14, experimental group is with control group water body water temperature without significant
Difference, the temperature difference is between 0.3~1.1 DEG C, and each sampling time water temperature variation is at 29.3~34.5 DEG C.
(3) influence of the water spinach to breeding water body dissolved oxygen (DO): as shown in figure 15, after cultivation in 90 days, experimental group
DO is significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05), shows that water spinach is maintained at certain advantage water to the dissolved oxygen amount in maintenance breeding water body
It is flat to have effect.
(4) influence of the water spinach to breeding water body transparency: as shown in figure 16, although the water transparency of experimental group also has
Declined, but compared with the control group, in test later period, water spinach can maintain transparency relatively stable, breeding water body unlike
Control group water body is the same excessively muddy, and the water transparency significant difference of experimental group and control group, illustrates sky during entire cultivation
Heart dish has remarkable effect in terms of maintaining breeding water body transparency.
(5) influence of the water spinach to TAN content in water body: such as Figure 17,18, experimental group TAN content is significant during cultivation
Lower than control group, experimental group water spinach is up to 90% to TAN removal rate, and it is fine to show that water spinach has TAN in water body
Removal effect, and removal effect significantly improves over time.
(6) water spinach is to NO in water body2 -The influence of N content: such as Figure 19,20, NO in later period control group is cultivated2 -N content
It is apparently higher than experimental group, the water spinach of experimental group is to NO2 -- N removal rate is up to 85%.
(7) water spinach is to NO in water body3 -The influence of N content: by Figure 21,22 it is found that in breeding process, experimental group water body
NO3 -N content is below control group, and since cultivation the 29th day, the difference of conspicuousness occurred in the two, and therefore, net cage plantation is empty
Heart dish is to breeding water body NO3 -Removal acts on N content well.
(8) influence of the water spinach to TN content in breeding water body:
By Figure 23,24 it is found that from the point of view of during entire cultivation, experimental group TN content is substantially less than control group, experimental group TN
Removal rate is up to 50%, and treatment effect is in stable state as time goes by.
(9) influence of the water spinach to TP content in breeding water body:
By Figure 25,26 it is found that TP content significant difference, experimental group TP the 50th day in experimental group and control group water body
Removal rate increases as time goes by, finally stable 18% or so.
(10) influence of the water spinach to breeding water body Chl-a content:
By Figure 27,28 it is found that in the entire culture-cycle, experimental group and control group significant difference, experimental group Chl-a removal rate
In the trend increased after the 22nd day, keep stablizing in the cultivation middle and later periods, substantially 70% or so.
3, influence of the water spinach to fish body biochemical indicator
(1) variation of fish body liver pancreas index: such as the HSI change curve of Figure 29, August 13,23 two sampling times of August
Point, experimental group and control group HIS significant difference.And in 20 two sampling time points of September 2 and September, experimental group HIS is higher than control
Group.
(2) variation of fish body liver pancreas T-SOD vigor and dorsal muscles MDA content: real in entire breeding process such as Figure 30
Test the T-SOD vigor (p < 0.05) that group Pelteobagrus fulvidraco liver pancreas T-SOD vigor is all significantly higher than control group.Experimental group Pelteobagrus fulvidraco dorsal muscles
The content of middle MDA is substantially less than always control group.In addition, MDA in the variation of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco body liver pancreas T-SOD vigor and dorsal muscles
Changes of contents gesture there are positively related variation tendency, the vigor of T-SOD may be by MDA content in dorsal muscles in this prompt liver pancreas
It influences.
(3) variation of fish body liver pancreas CAT vigor: such as Figure 31, control group CAT vigor is low always in entire breeding process
The CAT vigor in experimental group, and there is significant difference (p < 0.05).CAT vigor can be used for determining the nutritional status of fish, because
This, the nutritional status of experimental group fish is better than control group.
(4) variation of fish body liver pancreas and dorsal muscles T-AOC vigor: such as left figure in Figure 32, in terms of the entire culture-cycle, experiment
T-AOC activity is significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05) in group liver pancreas and dorsal muscles, and the T-AOC activity in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco liver pancreas
Much higher than the T-AOC activity in dorsal muscles.Show liver pancreas in terms of oxidation resistance much higher than musculature；Experimental group Pelteobagrus fulvidraco
The oxidation resistance of liver pancreas is better than control group.
(5) variation of fish body liver pancreas ACP and AKP vigor: as shown in right figure in Figure 32, experimental group Pelteobagrus fulvidraco liver pancreas
ACP and AKP vigor is significantly higher than the ACP vigor (p < 0.05) of control group, and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco liver pancreas ACP content is apparently higher than AKP
Content.
4, water spinach harvest situation and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco production performance situation
(1) cultivated area of this experiment water spinach in each fishpond is 3 square meters, by 90 days culture experiments, irregularly
Harvesting water spinach 14 times gathers in 4~12 jin every time, altogether accumulative 93.0 jin of harvest, practical according to 3.0 yuan/jin of market regular price
Pure volume income is 279.0 yuan.
(2) experimental group and control group Pelteobagrus fulvidraco seedling harvest situation are as shown in table 8.By 90 days feeding experiments, experimental group
Every production performance index is superior to control group.Experimental group Pelteobagrus fulvidraco survival rate and yield it is extremely significant be higher than control group (p <
0.01), fry average weight is significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05).The average daily gain of experimental group fry, specific growth rate and
Feed coefficient is all significantly higher than control group.Therefore, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco items production performance index is mentioned using net cage cultivation water spinach
High effect is significant.
8 Pelteobagrus fulvidraco breeding production behavior pattern of table
Note: data are expressed as M ± S.E. in table；The identical lowercase of shoulder mark of going together indicates between identical items, phase data
Without significant difference (P>0.05), different letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).
4 three-coloured amaranth of embodiment and green water cress and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco symbiosis cultivate
1, according to the method for same embodiment 3, distinguish on aquaculture pond with winter when cultivating Pelteobagrus fulvidraco in the fall respectively
Plant three-coloured amaranth and green water cress.
2, experimental result
(1) after experimental group cultivation three-coloured amaranth purifying aquatic water, compared with the control group, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, biochemical oxygen demand
Amount, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus value difference are heteropolar significant (p < 0.01)；Net cage cultivation three-coloured amaranth be effectively reduced breeding water body total nitrogen and
Total phosphorus inhibits Pelteobagrus fulvidraco breeding water body eutrophication.Breeding water body water quality indicator overall state is better than control group.And water body
Temperature, pH, DO, SD are held at more stable state in entire breeding process, are suitble to the growth of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
(2) after autumn symbiosis plantation three-coloured amaranth, it is as shown in table 9 that Pelteobagrus fulvidraco seedling harvests situation.It is real by 90 days feeding experiments
It tests group every production performance index and is superior to control group.Experimental group Pelteobagrus fulvidraco survival rate and yield it is extremely significant be higher than control group (p <
0.01), fry average weight is significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05).The average daily gain of experimental group fry, specific growth rate and
Feed coefficient is all significantly higher than control group.Therefore, three-coloured amaranth and green water cress are cultivated equally to Pelteobagrus fulvidraco items productivity using net cage
The improvement effect of energy index is significant.
Pelteobagrus fulvidraco breeding production behavior pattern after three-coloured amaranth is planted in 9 symbiosis of table
(3) after experimental group cultivation green water cress purifying aquatic water, compared with the control group, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, biochemical oxygen demand
Amount, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus value difference are heteropolar significant (p < 0.01)；Net cage cultivation three-coloured amaranth be effectively reduced breeding water body total nitrogen and
Total phosphorus inhibits Pelteobagrus fulvidraco breeding water body eutrophication.Breeding water body water quality indicator overall state is better than control group.And water body
Temperature, pH, DO, SD are held at more stable state in entire breeding process, are suitble to the growth of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
In addition, by 90 days feeding experiments, experimental group items production performance index is equal after winter symbiosis plantation green water cress
Better than control group.Experimental group Pelteobagrus fulvidraco survival rate and yield are extremely significant higher than control group (p < 0.01), and fry average weight is significant
Higher than control group (p < 0.05).Average daily gain, specific growth rate and the feed coefficient of experimental group fry are all significantly higher than control
Group.Therefore, three-coloured amaranth is cultivated using net cage and green water cress is equally significant to the improvement effect of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco items production performance index.
5 Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ecology symbiosis of embodiment cultivation
In addition, this research systematically has studied influence of the Various Seasonal to water plant and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco symbiosis cultivation, including
Season cultivates the symbiosis water plant etc. that Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is applicable in the growth effect of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Various Seasonal, to obtain system
Long-term breeding scheme, the results show that summer and autumn Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and water spinach and/or three-coloured amaranth symbiosis culture efficiency are best；Winter
Season and spring Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and green water cress symbiosis culture efficiency are best.
1, summer Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ecology symbiotic cultivation method is as follows:
S1. select 0.6~1.2g of weight, it is physically fit, without sick and wounded advanced fry of yellow catfish, according to 80~100 tail fries/vertical
The density of square rice temporarily supports 6~8d in closed indoor storage pond, holding pond；
S2. soaking disinfection processing is carried out to aquaculture pond with oxalic acid using fishing, after cleaning up, injects fresh tap water 0.5
~0.8 meter, oxygenation aeration 2~3 days, stand one week for use；
S3. under fry before pond, the fry examination water that number tail is temporarily supported is put into aquaculture pond, observes the activity condition of fry, when
Fry activity condition is normal, when water quality indicator meets fry growth, carries out pond under fry；
S4. under fry behind pond, according to 30% plantation coverage rate, using net cage in aquaculture pond water surface planting water spinach, kind
3cm is divided between plant, the height of water spinach is 15~20cm, 0.5~0.8cm of stem diameter；The planting number of each net cage is identical, respectively
Net cage close-packed arrays float on the water surface, guarantee the survival rate of water spinach plant, reseed dead seedling in time；
S5. feeding management: daily morning 8:00 and evening 18:00 feed identical feed, and day feeding volume is fry weight
5.0%.Feeding volume can be adjusted flexibly according to situation of ingesting, record it is daily feed situation, record faithfully because of originals such as Changes in weather
Anorexia or phenomenon is not eaten because caused by.
In breeding process, by the various test tools of operating process strict sterilization, a possibility that disease infects is reduced, is kept away as far as possible
Exempt from using drug, less toxic noresidue fishing medicine is only used for the fish disease of burst in experimentation, such as metrifonate and potassium permanganate control
The state of an illness processed.Daily early, middle and late right place patrols pond, observe and record Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ingest, activity condition and each aquaculture pond water quality,
Situations such as water temperature changes, fishes for dead fish in time, investigates thoroughly the cause of death and takes corresponding solution countermeasure.
2, the cultural method in autumn, winter and spring same summer, the difference is that:
Autumn symbiosis cultivates three-coloured amaranth, and the height of three-coloured amaranth is 10~15cm, 0.4~0.6cm of stem diameter, is divided between plantation
1.5cm；Green water cress is planted in winter and spring symbiosis, and the height of green water cress is 8~10cm, 0.3~0.5cm of stem diameter, between plantation
It is divided into 2cm.
6 Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ecology symbiosis of embodiment cultivation
1, summer Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ecology symbiotic cultivation method is as follows:
S1. select 0.6~1.2g of weight, it is physically fit, without sick and wounded advanced fry of yellow catfish, according to 80~100 tail fries/vertical
The density of square rice temporarily supports 6~8d in closed indoor storage pond, holding pond；
S2. soaking disinfection processing is carried out to aquaculture pond with oxalic acid using fishing, after cleaning up, injects fresh tap water 0.5
~0.8 meter, oxygenation aeration 2~3 days, stand one week for use；
S3. under fry before pond, the fry examination water that number tail is temporarily supported is put into aquaculture pond, observes the activity condition of fry, when
Fry activity condition is normal, when water quality indicator meets fry growth, carries out pond under fry；
S4. under fry behind pond, according to 20% plantation coverage rate, using net cage in aquaculture pond water surface planting three-coloured amaranth, three-coloured amaranth
Height be 10~15cm, 0.4~0.6cm of stem diameter, be divided into 1.5cm between plantation；The planting number of each net cage is identical, each net
Case close-packed arrays float on the water surface, guarantee the survival rate of water spinach plant, reseed dead seedling in time；
S5. feeding management: daily morning 8:00 and evening 18:00 feed identical feed, and day feeding volume is fry weight
3.0%%.Feeding volume can be adjusted flexibly according to situation of ingesting, record it is daily feed situation, record faithfully because of Changes in weather etc.
Anorexia caused by reason does not eat phenomenon.
In breeding process, by the various test tools of operating process strict sterilization, a possibility that disease infects is reduced, is kept away as far as possible
Exempt from using drug, less toxic noresidue fishing medicine is only used for the fish disease of burst in experimentation, such as metrifonate and potassium permanganate control
The state of an illness processed.Daily early, middle and late right place patrols pond, observe and record Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ingest, activity condition and each aquaculture pond water quality,
Situations such as water temperature changes, fishes for dead fish in time, investigates thoroughly the cause of death and takes corresponding solution countermeasure.
2, the cultural method in autumn, winter and spring same summer, the difference is that:
Autumn symbiosis cultivates water spinach, and the height of water spinach is 15~20cm, 0.5~0.8cm of stem diameter, is divided between plantation
3cm；Green water cress is planted in winter and spring symbiosis, and the height of green water cress is 8~10cm, 0.3~0.5cm of stem diameter, plantation interval
For 2cm.
7 Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ecology symbiosis of embodiment cultivation
1, summer Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ecology symbiotic cultivation method is as follows:
S1. select 0.6~1.2g of weight, it is physically fit, without sick and wounded advanced fry of yellow catfish, according to 80~100 tail fries/vertical
The density of square rice temporarily supports 6~8d in closed indoor storage pond, holding pond；
S2. soaking disinfection processing is carried out to aquaculture pond with oxalic acid using fishing, after cleaning up, injects fresh tap water 0.5
~0.8 meter, oxygenation aeration 2~3 days, stand one week for use；
S3. under fry before pond, the fry examination water that number tail is temporarily supported is put into aquaculture pond, observes the activity condition of fry, when
Fry activity condition is normal, when water quality indicator meets fry growth, carries out pond under fry；
S4. under fry behind pond, according to 40% plantation coverage rate, using net cage in aquaculture pond water surface planting water spinach and amaranth
The cultivated area ratio of dish, water spinach and three-coloured amaranth is 1:1；The height of water spinach is 20~25cm, 0.5~0.8cm of stem diameter, plantation
Between be divided into 3cm；The height of three-coloured amaranth is 10~15cm, 0.4~0.6cm of stem diameter, is divided into 1.5cm between plantation；
The planting number of each net cage is identical, and each net cage close-packed arrays float on the water surface, guarantees surviving for water spinach plant
Rate reseeds dead seedling in time；
S5. feeding management: daily morning 8:00 and evening 18:00 feed identical feed, and day feeding volume is fry weight
3.0%.Feeding volume can be adjusted flexibly according to situation of ingesting, record it is daily feed situation, record faithfully because of originals such as Changes in weather
Anorexia or phenomenon is not eaten because caused by.
In breeding process, by the various test tools of operating process strict sterilization, a possibility that disease infects is reduced, is kept away as far as possible
Exempt from using drug, less toxic noresidue fishing medicine is only used for the fish disease of burst in experimentation, such as metrifonate and potassium permanganate control
The state of an illness processed.Daily early, middle and late right place patrols pond, observe and record Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ingest, activity condition and each aquaculture pond water quality,
Situations such as water temperature changes, fishes for dead fish in time, investigates thoroughly the cause of death and takes corresponding solution countermeasure.
2, the cultural method in autumn same summer；The cultural method in winter and spring with summer the difference is that: winter
Green water cress is planted with spring symbiosis, the height of green water cress is 10~18cm, 0.3~0.5cm of stem diameter, is divided into 2cm between plantation.
8 Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ecology symbiosis of embodiment cultivation
1, summer Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ecology symbiotic cultivation method is as follows:
S1. select 0.6~1.2g of weight, it is physically fit, without sick and wounded advanced fry of yellow catfish, according to 80~100 tail fries/vertical
The density of square rice temporarily supports 6~8d in closed indoor storage pond, holding pond；
S2. soaking disinfection processing is carried out to aquaculture pond with oxalic acid using fishing, after cleaning up, injects fresh tap water 0.5
~0.8 meter, oxygenation aeration 2~3 days, stand one week for use；
S3. under fry before pond, the fry examination water that number tail is temporarily supported is put into aquaculture pond, observes the activity condition of fry, when
Fry activity condition is normal, when water quality indicator meets fry growth, carries out pond under fry；
S4. under fry behind pond, according to 30% plantation coverage rate, using net cage in aquaculture pond water surface planting, water spinach and
Three-coloured amaranth；The cultivated area of water spinach and three-coloured amaranth ratio is 2:1；The height of water spinach is 15~20cm, 0.5~0.8cm of stem diameter, kind
3cm is divided between plant；The height of three-coloured amaranth is 15~20cm, 0.4~0.6cm of stem diameter, is divided into 1.5cm between plantation；
The planting number of each net cage is identical, and each net cage close-packed arrays float on the water surface, guarantees surviving for water spinach plant
Rate reseeds dead seedling in time；
S5. feeding management: daily morning 8:00 and evening 18:00 feed identical feed, and day feeding volume is fry weight
6.0%.Feeding volume can be adjusted flexibly according to situation of ingesting, record it is daily feed situation, record faithfully because of originals such as Changes in weather
Anorexia or phenomenon is not eaten because caused by.
In breeding process, by the various test tools of operating process strict sterilization, a possibility that disease infects is reduced, is kept away as far as possible
Exempt from using drug, less toxic noresidue fishing medicine is only used for the fish disease of burst in experimentation, such as metrifonate and potassium permanganate control
The state of an illness processed.Daily early, middle and late right place patrols pond, observe and record Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ingest, activity condition and each aquaculture pond water quality,
Situations such as water temperature changes, fishes for dead fish in time, investigates thoroughly the cause of death and takes corresponding solution countermeasure.
2, the cultural method in autumn same summer；The cultural method in winter and spring with summer the difference is that: winter
Green water cress is planted with spring symbiosis, the height of green water cress is 10~18cm, 0.3~0.5cm of stem diameter, is divided into 2cm between plantation.
The Pelteobagrus fulvidraco breeding production behavior pattern for having counted the various embodiments described above cultivation scheme of this research system, sums up
That is, with the alternation of the season a kind of ecological cultivation method of the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of system optimization is supported according to Pelteobagrus fulvidraco in throughout the year
The difference for growing period plants different water plants on Pelteobagrus fulvidraco aquaculture pond, specifically: cultivating Pelteobagrus fulvidraco when summer or autumn
When, water spinach and/or three-coloured amaranth are planted on aquaculture pond；When winter or spring cultivation Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the West is planted on aquaculture pond
Dish；The timely purification that Pelteobagrus fulvidraco cultivation water can be achieved, obtains excellent culture efficiency, economic benefit greatly promotes.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ecology symbiotic cultivation method, which comprises the steps of:
S1. select 0.6~1.2g of weight, it is physically fit, without sick and wounded advanced fry of yellow catfish, according to 80~100 tail fries/cubic meter
Density, temporarily support 6~8d in closed indoor storage pond, holding pond；
S2. soaking disinfection processing is carried out to aquaculture pond with oxalic acid using fishing, after cleaning up, injects fresh tap water 0.5~0.8
Rice oxygenation aeration 2~3 days, stands one week for use；
S3. in aquaculture pond put into number tail temporarily support fry examination water, observe the activity condition of fry, when fry activity condition just
Often, when water quality indicator meets fry growth, pond under fry is carried out；
S4. under fry behind pond, according to the difference in middle Pelteobagrus fulvidraco cultivation period throughout the year, while cultivating Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, according to
20~40% plantation coverage rate, using the net cage water plant different in aquaculture pond water surface planting, specifically: summer cultivation is yellow
When forehead fish, water spinach and/or three-coloured amaranth are planted on aquaculture pond；Autumn cultivate Pelteobagrus fulvidraco when, on aquaculture pond plant water spinach and/
Or three-coloured amaranth；When winter cultivates Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, green water cress is planted on aquaculture pond；When spring cultivates Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, planted on aquaculture pond
Green water cress；
S5. feeding management: daily morning 7:00~9:00 and evening 17:00~19:00 feed identical feed, and day feeding volume is fry
The 3.0%~6.0% of weight；
The height of water spinach described in S4 is 15~25cm, 0.5~0.8cm of stem diameter；The height of the three-coloured amaranth be 10~20cm,
0.4~0.6cm of stem diameter；The height of the green water cress is 8~18cm, 0.3~0.5cm of stem diameter；The plantation of the water spinach
Between be divided into 2~4cm；0.5~2cm is divided between the plantation of the three-coloured amaranth；1~3cm is divided between the plantation of the green water cress.
2. Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ecology symbiotic cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the water spinach, three-coloured amaranth or west
The cultivated area of agar accounts for the 20~40% of the aquaculture pond water surface.
3. Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ecology symbiotic cultivation method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the water spinach, three-coloured amaranth or west
Agar is planted in net cage, and planting number is identical in each net cage, and each net cage close-packed arrays float on the water surface, protects in breeding process
The survival rate for demonstrate,proving water spinach, three-coloured amaranth or green water cress plant, reseeds dead seedling in time.
4. Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ecology symbiotic cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that summer or autumn cultivate Pelteobagrus fulvidraco
When, when using the scheme of common plantation water spinach and three-coloured amaranth, the cultivated area ratio of water spinach and three-coloured amaranth is 1~4:1.
5. Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ecology symbiotic cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that feeding management described in S5 are as follows: every
Its morning 8:00 and evening 18:00 feeds identical feed, and day feeding volume is the 5.0% of fry weight.
6. Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ecology symbiotic cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that during cultivation, it is early daily, in,
Evening patrols pond, observe and record Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ingest, activity condition and each aquaculture pond water quality, water temperature situation of change, fish for death in time
Fish investigates thoroughly the cause of death and takes corresponding solution countermeasure.
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