CN105344949B - A kind of manufacture of iron and steel by melting molds new technology - Google Patents
A kind of manufacture of iron and steel by melting molds new technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN105344949B CN105344949B CN201510819152.9A CN201510819152A CN105344949B CN 105344949 B CN105344949 B CN 105344949B CN 201510819152 A CN201510819152 A CN 201510819152A CN 105344949 B CN105344949 B CN 105344949B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
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Abstract
The invention belongs to metal manufacture manufacture field, a kind of manufacture of iron and steel by melting molding new technology is disclosed.The technique is：A) get required raw material ready, pre-processed；Main material is placed in crucible, then crucible is placed in the induction coil of vacuum melting furnace；B) vacuumize, power transmission preheating；C) hoisting power continues to lift up power to 80~100kW, keeps power constant to 60~80KW, 20~30min of power transmission, until furnace charge is completely melt；D) thermometric and temperature control, are filled with argon gas, and sampling detection determines basis；E) refining and Alloying Treatment, sampling detection, determine chemical composition in molten steel；F) power is reduced, when a large amount of conjunctivas occurs in molten steel surface, is had a power failure so that molten steel furnace cooling；Or using ladder solidification；G) it is stripped.The present invention eliminates cast link, obtains high-cleanness, high ingot casting；Present invention process is simple simultaneously, and security is good, and material therefor is with low cost, efficient energy-saving.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal manufacture manufacture field, it is related to a kind of manufacture of iron and steel by melting-molding new technology.
Background technology
Mold casting forming is a kind of important way for manufacturing metal forging stock and strip plate, the small lot that is particularly suitable for use in production or small ton
The production of the alloy forging stock of position.The quality of strand depends primarily on the degree of purity and consistency of metal.Traditional technique is：Vacuum
Smelting furnace smelting-upper method casting ingot-forming.Turbulent flow can be formed in casting process, molten steel surface slag is directly involved in steel with steel stream
Inside ingot, clevis debris；In addition, molten steel has souring to tundish or casting moulds, the refractory material of peeling can also enter
Inside steel ingot, clevis debris eventually reduces the quality of strand.There is the possibility for being involved in slag inclusion in casting process, be secondary pollution
Process, even in tundish install additional filtering mouth of a river effect it is still not ideal enough.Therefore, the slag in cast how is controlled, even
Elimination, which is involved in, to be mingled with process and just seems especially meaningful.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming and defect of prior art, casting process is eliminated it is an object of the invention to provide one kind, is kept away
Exempt from slag, improve manufacture of iron and steel by melting-molding new technology of cleanliness.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of manufacture of iron and steel by melting-molding new technology, comprises the following steps：
A) get the raw materials ready：Raw material needed for getting steel grade ready, is pre-processed；Main material by pretreatment is placed in crucible, so
Crucible is placed in the induction coil of vacuum melting furnace afterwards；Packing layer and heat-insulation layer are sequentially provided between the crucible and induction coil,
The heat-insulation layer is arranged on the inner side of induction coil；Described filler layer is magnesia, and the heat-insulation layer is asbestos cloth；
B) prepare before melting：By vacuum melting stove evacuation so that vacuum is 10~30Pa, starts power transmission, carry out pre-
Heat；The power transmission power is 30KW, and the preheating time is 25~35min；
C) melt：Hoisting power continues to lift up power to 80~100kW, kept to 60~80KW, 20~30min of power transmission
Power is constant, until furnace charge is completely melt；
D) sample：To after fusing furnace charge carry out thermometric and by adjust Power Control fusing after furnace charge temperature be 1560
~1600 DEG C, it is filled with argon gas, sampling detection, it is determined that furnace charge basis after fusing；
E) refining and alloying：After the completion of sampling detection, bottom blowing argon gas are used to cause vacuum for 3000~5000Pa,
Regulation power make it that charge-temperature is 1560~1580 DEG C after fusing, then adds alloy raw material and carries out Alloying Treatment, sampling
Detection, determines chemical composition in the molten steel after Alloying Treatment；
F) solidify：Power is reduced, when a large amount of conjunctivas occurs in molten steel surface, is had a power failure so that molten steel furnace cooling；Or adopt
Solidified, then had a power failure with ladder so that molten steel furnace cooling；The reduction power refers to power being down to 40kW, the reduction
Conduction time is 5~10 minutes after power, and the cool time is 1~3h；
G) it is stripped：Crucible is separated with vacuum melting furnace box hat, steel ingot is taken out out of crucible and epidermis is removed.
Step a) the main materials are the raw material that will not volatilize under low vacuum；The main material includes graphite and pure iron.Step
Rapid e) described alloy raw material includes ferrosilicon, manganese metal and aluminum shot；Also include ferrotianium, ferrochrome, ferronickel, ferro-niobium and/or vanadium iron.
Step a) the pretreatments refer to the oxide-film for removing iron block in steel grade raw material, and to other raw materials in steel grade raw material
The pre-heat treatment is dried respectively.The temperature of the drying and preheating processing is 350~500 DEG C, and the drying and preheating time is 1h.
Step a) the main materials need first to add to level up by cobbing to add big block when adding in crucible, it is ensured that
" lower tight upper pine ", reduces and puts up a bridge and splash.
Step a) the crucibles are corundum crucible, and composition is the refractory material based on aluminum oxide, is placed in smelting furnace box hat
It is interior, the heap lining up traditional to replace and directly contacted with molten steel, while being used as the ingot mould of follow-up coagulation forming.
Sampling described in step d) and step e) is it should be noted that accurate to improve after that can be operated after the basic calmness of liquid level
Degree, and repeatedly determine on demand.
Refining refers to and removes deoxygenation nitrogen hydrogen by argon bottom-blowing described in step e), uniformly and equilibrium temperature；The alloy
The operating process of change is：Add the alloys, melting 5~8 minutes, Ran Houqu such as ferrosilicon, manganese metal and/or ferrochrome according to quantity on demand first
Sample, which is analyzed and adjusts its constituent content, meets component requirements, is eventually adding after aluminum shot carries out deoxidation, 2min and adds niobium according to quantity on demand
The alloys such as iron, vanadium iron or ferrotianium.
Solidification described in step f) is preferred to use ladder solidification, improves Shrinkage cavity.The ladder solidification：By smelting furnace
Induction coil is set to multigroup (each group induction coil is controlled using parallel circuit), and 1#~N# circles (1# is respectively labeled as from lower to upper
Circle is close to melting furnace bottom), when solidifying beginning, the power of each coil is reduced, 1# circle power is reduced to zero, 2~N# circle power drops
Relation after low is less than 3# for 2# power, and 3# is less than 4#, the like；After 15~25min, the power that 2# is enclosed is reduced to zero,
Other coil powers accordingly reduce and meet 2# power be less than 3#, 3# be less than 4#, the like, when N# circle power be reduced to zero,
Then have a power failure, open vacuum, furnace cooling.
The induction coil is preferably set to 4 groups, when cooling stage starts, and 1# circle power in bottom is reduced to zero, 2# circles and is
10kW, 3# circle are 35kW, and the 4# circles of the top are 60kW；After 20 minutes, it is 10kW that 2# circle power, which is down to zero, 3# circles, topmost
4# circle be 50kW；Again after 20 minutes, 3# circle power is down to zero, and the 4# circles of the top are gradually decreased to zero by 50kW, then have a power failure,
Break vacuum, furnace cooling.
Step g) the separation refers to that releasing magnesia can separate crucible with vacuum melting furnace.
The presence of field trash destroys the continuity of steel in strand, and the performance to ferrous materials has adverse effect on, and gives
Product quality brings great harm.Thus, melting-molding process stress, which is asked, eliminates and reduces the field trash in steel, to meet
The quality requirement of product.
By the test of many times to conventional die castings moulding process and analysis, a large amount of field trashes are involved in during cast
, mainly C classes-Silicate inclusion.At present, vacuum drying oven casting process typically uses upper method, and ingot mould has fire resisting
Two kinds of material molds and steel die.Steel stream is flowed directly into steel ingot die by chute in casting process, and steel stream is parabolically
Shape, molten steel drop point fascinates with stove to be continually changing, and steel ingot die puts slightly deviation steel flow Impact mould side wall, burns out mould
Tool；Even if first injecting tundish, souring is also surrounded by centre, and brings tundish epidermis into it is mingled with.Meanwhile, stove molten steel
Surface slag is directly entered punching block with steel stream and is involved in inside steel ingot, causes inner inclusion, and this is that any pouring procedure can not be kept away
Exempt from.Further, since the time that tundish places vacuum chamber is long, easily there is cold bag；Mouth of a river material is magnesium carbonaceous, and heat conduction is fast,
Often occur freezing bag in casting process.For this reason, it may be necessary to improve induction furnace tapping temperature, and strengthen the baking outside tundish vacuum room
It is roasting；This has added certain loss to the energy.
The method of the present invention eliminates cast process, substantially increases the degree of purity and quality of steel ingot.This technique is using interior
Crucible is put to replace furnace lining, while as steel ingot die, being directly cooled and shaped after molten steel melting, it is to avoid the uneven current stabilization of molten steel
It is dynamic, substantially reduce the probability for being involved in slag；Argon gas agitating can be continued during liquid steel refining simultaneously, folder is more fully removed
It is miscellaneous.Steel billet inclusion behavior≤the C0.5 obtained by new technology, the billet quality that far superior to other techniques are obtained.
Slightly adjustment can be achieved this technique under the appointed condition of general mold casting forming technique, and this technique is more just
It is prompt effective.This technique is crucible using built-in crucible, thus eliminates the processes such as ramming, drying, the baking of furnace lining；Using crucible as
Steel ingot die coagulation forming, thus eliminate cast process, without using with baking tundish, while to the requirement of the degree of superheat of molten steel
Reduction, the probability for wearing stove accident is also decreased.Multiple experiment proves that this technique can control liquid steel temperature close to steel grade liquid
Liquidus temperature has a power failure cooling again, and this controllability is all extremely superior in all kinds of coagulation forming methods, with making well
With value.
Consider from security, this technological operation is easy, manual operation link is reduced, without casting process, it is to avoid height
Temperature is fascinated the operation of stove, and security is more secure.During molten steel stands cooling in body of heater, in the absence of special thermal field
And the field of force, it is a process freely solidified；That is, molten steel solidifies since outside, once forming steel billet watchcase, it will enter
One step eliminates the possibility of bleed-out.Meanwhile, during cooling, steel billet convergent force inwardly, will not expand or trigger it is dangerous because
Element.
In summary, the present invention has advantages below：1st, cast link is eliminated, high-cleanness, high ingot casting is obtained；2nd, Integral melting
Refine material therefor with low cost, efficient energy-saving.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the vaccum sensitive stove of the built-in crucible of the present invention.
Embodiment
To more fully understand the present invention, with reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described, but needs
It is noted that embodiment is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention..
Embodiment
The present invention uses 200Kg multifunctional vacuum induction furnaces, and built-in crucible uses Al2O3Based on refractory material press vacuum
Stove box hat size is made, and experiment steel grade is titanium micro-alloyed steel, and composition is:0.05%C-0.25%Si-1.0%Mn-0.10%Ti.
Specific implementation step is：
A) get the raw materials ready：Get pure iron 150kg, ferrosilicon 500g (containing 75%Si), manganese metal 1500g, ferrotianium 375g ready and (contain 40%
Ti), aluminum shot 100g, graphite electrode slab 200g；Pure iron block angle grinder scale removal, other raw materials enter in heating furnace respectively
Row drying and preheating, temperature is 400 DEG C, and the time is 1 hour；
B) major ingredient is sent：It will note first with cobbing by stove in 150kg pure iron and the built-in crucible of 100g graphite electrode slabs feeding
Heelpiece is flat to increase block again, it is ensured that " lower tight upper pine ", reduces and puts up a bridge and splash, then built-in crucible is placed in the sensing of smelting furnace
In coil, magnesia is inserted between built-in crucible and induction coil；The schematic diagram of the vaccum sensitive stove of built-in crucible is as shown in Figure 1；
C) prepare before melting：Suction reaches 20Pa before fusing, starts power transmission, and power transmission power 30KW powers about 30 minutes,
Carry out hot stove；
D) melt：Hoisting power reaches 70kW, power transmission 30 minutes, and then power continues to rise to 90kW, keeps power constant,
Until furnace charge is completely melt；
E) temperature measuring and regulation：Carrying out thermometric to molten steel with fast thermocouple, liquid steel temperature requires to reach 1560~
1600 DEG C, by adjusting watt level, control temperature stabilization is in claimed range；
F) sample：Vacuum is 4000Pa after argon filling gas shielded, applying argon gas before sampling, and inspection is then sampled with sampling gun
Survey, determine molten steel basis, so as to follow-up refining and composition adjustment；
G) refining and alloying：Refining and alloying operation are carried out according to step f sampling analyses result, the refining refers to logical
Cross argon bottom-blowing and remove deoxygenation nitrogen hydrogen, temperature control is at 1560~1580 DEG C, and vacuum is maintained at 3000~5000Pa scopes
It is interior；The operating process of progress alloying is after refining：It is firstly added ferrosilicon 500g, manganese metal 1500g, melting 6min, Ran Houqu
Sample is analyzed and adjusts C, Si, Mn constituent content to component requirements are met, and is eventually adding aluminum shot 100g and added after deoxidation, 2min
375g ferro-titaniums；
H) composition and temperature are determined：Sampling confirms that molten steel reaches predetermined chemical composition (0.05%C-0.25%Si-1.0%
Mn-0.10%Ti；Determine temperature and temperature is stable at 1560~1580 DEG C；Otherwise repeat step g；
I) solidify：Power is dropped into 40kW, is powered 8 minutes, have a power failure furnace cooling when a large amount of conjunctivas occurs in molten steel surface,
About 3 hours cool times；
J) it is stripped：Magnesia is released, built-in crucible is separated with smelting furnace box hat, steel ingot is taken out out of crucible and epidermis is removed.
The technique of the present invention is compared with general technology, correction data is as shown in table 1.
General technology：(1) situation of tundish is not added：Preparation-fusing-refining and alloying before-feeding-of getting the raw materials ready is molten-fixed
Composition and temperature-directly it is poured into punching block-cooling and shaping-demoulding.
(2) situation of tundish is added：Before-feeding-of getting the raw materials ready is molten preparation-fusing-refining and alloying-determine composition and temperature-
Flow through tundish injection mould-cooling and shaping-demoulding.
By multiple experiment and analysis, better than steel billet that general technology is obtained, (table 1 is the billet quality that the present invention is obtained
Part correction data).Wherein, C classes-silicates are most important comparative runs, come from the fire proofed wood of tundish and steel ingot die
Material and ore slag.
The technique of mold casting forming acquisition steel billet, which has, to be directly poured into mould and flows through two kinds of basket pouring, and steel ingot die is general
There are refractory-material dies and the class of steel die two.As seen from Table 1, it is all to use steel die, has installed the steel billet folder of tundish additional
Debris grading average out to C1.0, the steel billet field trash grading average out to C2.0 of tundish is not added.Because the presence of tundish
Rapid steel fusant is buffered so that steel stream vertical injection mould, has reduced turbulent flow, it is to avoid molten steel is rushed to the wall of mould four
Brush, its control to field trash has played good effect.Practice have shown that, the selection no less important of steel ingot die type.From table 1
It can be seen that, with conditions of tundish is installed additional, the steel billet inclusion behavior obtained using refractory-material dies is unstable and all
The thick system of category, badly damaged billet quality.In comparison, the rank that is mingled with for the steel billet that steel die is obtained relatively is stablized and tiny.When
So, with high-quality high-cleanness steel billet also there is certain gap in this.
The present invention directly eliminates cast process, it is to avoid the rapid flowing of steel fusant and souring so that slag with
It is mingled with abundant emersion and dispels.Steel billet inclusion behavior after improvement is optimized to≤C0.5, improves a class.
The present invention of table 1 is compared with the field trash grading under the conditions of general technology
Note：1st, standard GB/T 10561-2005/ISO 4967 are pressed in field trash grading:1998(E)《Nonmetal inclusion in steel
The bioassay standard judge picture microexamination method of thing content》Perform；2nd, A classes-sulfide-based；B classes-alumina type；C classes-silicate
Class；D classes-spherical oxide class；The D S classes-spherical class of individual particle；E- is slightly.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of manufacture of iron and steel by melting-molding new technology, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
A) get the raw materials ready：Raw material needed for getting steel grade ready, is pre-processed；Main material by pretreatment is placed in crucible, then will
Crucible is placed in the induction coil of vacuum melting furnace；The main material needs first to add to level up by cobbing to add again when adding in crucible
Enter big block；Packing layer and heat-insulation layer are sequentially provided between the crucible and induction coil, the heat-insulation layer is arranged on induction coil
Inner side；
B) prepare before melting：By vacuum melting stove evacuation so that vacuum is 10~30Pa, starts power transmission, is preheated；
C) melt：Hoisting power continues to lift up power to 80~100kW, keeps power to 60~80KW, 20~30min of power transmission
It is constant, until furnace charge is completely melt；
D) sample：Furnace charge after fusing is carried out thermometric and by adjust the temperature of furnace charge after Power Control fusing for 1560~
1600 DEG C, it is filled with argon gas, sampling detection, it is determined that furnace charge basis after fusing；
E) refining and alloying：After the completion of sampling detection, use bottom blowing argon gas to cause vacuum for 3000~5000Pa, adjust
Power make it that charge-temperature is 1560~1580 DEG C after fusing, then adds alloy raw material and carries out Alloying Treatment, samples detection,
Determine chemical composition in the molten steel after Alloying Treatment；
F) solidify：Power is reduced, when a large amount of conjunctivas occurs in molten steel surface, is had a power failure so that molten steel furnace cooling；Or use rank
Ladder solidification, then has a power failure so that molten steel furnace cooling；
G) it is stripped：Crucible is separated with vacuum melting furnace box hat, steel ingot is taken out out of crucible and epidermis is removed；Step f) the ranks
Ladder solidification refers to：The induction coil of smelting furnace is set to multigroup, each group induction coil is controlled using parallel circuit, induction coil group
Be respectively labeled as 1#~N# circles from lower to upper, solidify start when, reduce the power of each coil group, 1# circle power is reduced to zero, 2~
Relation after N# circle power reductions is less than 3# for 2# power, and 3# is less than 4#, the like；After 15~25min, the work(that 2# is enclosed
Rate is reduced to zero, other coil powers accordingly reduce and meet 2# power be less than 3#, 3# be less than 4#, the like, when N# enclose work(
Rate is reduced to zero, then has a power failure, and opens vacuum so that molten steel furnace cooling.
2. manufacture of iron and steel by melting-molding new technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step a) the crucibles are corundum earthenware
Crucible.
3. manufacture of iron and steel by melting-molding new technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Step a) the main materials are the raw material that will not volatilize under low vacuum.
4. manufacture of iron and steel by melting-molding new technology according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Described filler layer is magnesia, the guarantor
Warm layer is asbestos cloth；Step a) the main materials include graphite and pure iron.
5. manufacture of iron and steel by melting-molding new technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step a) the pretreatments refer to
The pre-heat treatment is dried respectively except the oxide-film of iron block in steel grade raw material, and to other raw materials in steel grade raw material.
6. manufacture of iron and steel by melting-molding new technology according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The temperature of the drying and preheating processing
For 350~500 DEG C, the drying and preheating time is 1h.
7. manufacture of iron and steel by melting-molding new technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step e) the alloy raw materials include
Ferrosilicon, manganese metal and aluminum shot.
8. manufacture of iron and steel by melting-molding new technology according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：Step e) the alloy raw materials are also wrapped
Include ferrotianium, ferrochrome, ferronickel, ferro-niobium and/or vanadium iron.
9. manufacture of iron and steel by melting-molding new technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step b) the power transmission power is
30KW, the preheating time is 25~35min；Step f) the reduction power refers to power being down to 40kW；Step f) is described
Cool time is 1~3h.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109402325A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-03-01 | 抚顺特殊钢股份有限公司 | A kind of vaccum sensitive stove removes the control method of pernicious gas in steel |
| CN110514004A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-11-29 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Directional solidification smelting equipment and method for refractory high-entropy alloy |
| CN115319034B (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2024-07-05 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Vanadium iron alloy casting ingot mould and preparation method thereof |
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| JPH01299758A (en) * | 1988-05-26 | 1989-12-04 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Vacuum induction melting/casting method |
| CN1451772A (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2003-10-29 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Method for producing high-strength high wear-resistant nickel based alloy |
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| CN102102138A (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-06-22 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method for solving copper segregation in steel |
| CN103498066A (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2014-01-08 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Method for smelting Mg-containing high-temperature alloy |
| CN103691912A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-04-02 | 东北大学 | Gold base alloy casting blank melting and casting integrated device and utilization method thereof |
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| JPH01299758A (en) * | 1988-05-26 | 1989-12-04 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Vacuum induction melting/casting method |
| CN1451772A (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2003-10-29 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Method for producing high-strength high wear-resistant nickel based alloy |
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