CN105203383A - Simple and feasible bluing fracture inspection method - Google Patents
Simple and feasible bluing fracture inspection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105203383A CN105203383A CN201510565595.XA CN201510565595A CN105203383A CN 105203383 A CN105203383 A CN 105203383A CN 201510565595 A CN201510565595 A CN 201510565595A CN 105203383 A CN105203383 A CN 105203383A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simple and feasible bluing fracture inspection method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps that 1, samples are cut from forged rod materials, rolled blanks or equivalent square blanks; notches are carved; the sample cutting length of steel materials with the diameter being smaller than or equal to 50mm is 100mm; the notches are carved on the side walls of the samples; the sample cutting thickness of steel materials with the diameter of a range being 50mm to 100mm is 15 to 20mm; the notches are carved in the cross sections of the samples in a penetrating way; 2, the samples with the notches are subjected to heat preservation for a period of time at the austenization temperature; then, quenching and tempering processing are performed; 3, the samples are fractured in one time; 4, the fractured samples are naturally cooled in the air. The simple and feasible bluing fracture inspection method has the beneficial effects that the heat treatment process is simple and feasible; the addition of a protective coating plating process on the samples is not needed; the operation time is shortened by 6 hours; through the inspection, the cross section is cleaner; the bluing color is uniform; the inclusion distribution inspection effect is clear and visible.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to one to turn blue fracture examination method, be specifically related to a kind of fracture examination method of turning blue of simple possible.
Background technology
It is a kind of conventional means being used for detecting steel macroscopic view snotter that fracture gives a protective coating to metal objects, and it is toasted at 300-350 DEG C of temperature by steel fracture sample heat-treatment furnace, forms black and blue color film to fracture face, observes the distribution of nonmetallic inclusionsin steel.
Be described in detail for SKFD30 fracture examination method of turning blue below.
(1) SKFD30 turn blue fracture examination method be only applicable to low-carbon alloy steel as G20CrNi2Mo etc. turn blue fracture snotter inspection, relate to steel grade single, be not suitable for medium high carbon alloy steel, high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, high carbon chromium stainless steel etc. turn blue fracture snotter inspection.
(2) because the sample after fractureing gives a protective coating to metal objects in resistance furnace, by the impact of oxidizing atmosphere in stove, so section is very easily polluted, and then when can cause giving a protective coating to metal objects, section turns blue uneven color, and operation time the time be difficult to control, effect of giving a protective coating to metal objects is undesirable.
(3) in addition, the high-carbon-chromium bearing steel after quenching is after 300-350 DEG C of tempering, and fractograph is still porcelain columnar fracture (tempered martensite), is not the bacillar structure required by snotter fracture examination.
As can be seen here, above factors all can cause snotter display unclear.
Summary of the invention
For solving the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of fracture examination method of turning blue that the object of the present invention is to provide simple possible, that be applicable to the steel grades such as high, normal, basic carbon alloy steel, high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, high carbon chromium stainless steel, by obtaining well, fractograph of turning blue clearly, accurately can evaluate macroscopical inclusion content distribution in steel.
In order to realize above-mentioned target, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A fracture examination method of turning blue for simple possible, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
One, sample: after forging rolling, bar, strip plate or suitable square billet intercept sample,
(1) for the steel of diameter≤50mm, the length intercepting sample is 100mm;
(2) for the steel of diameter within the scope of 50mm ~ 100mm, the thickness intercepting sample is 15-20mm;
Two, cutting:
(1) for the steel of diameter≤50mm, on the sidewall of sample, middle position opens a groove, and the degree of depth of groove is 1/3rd of specimen finish, and bottom land is sharp-pointed;
(2) for the steel of diameter within the scope of 50mm ~ 100mm, open at sample cross Chu Guo center the groove that runs through the whole xsect of sample, the degree of depth of groove is 1/3rd of sample thickness, and bottom land is sharp-pointed;
Three, thermal treatment: the sample with cutting is incubated a period of time under its austenitizing temperature, then carries out quenching, temper;
Four, fracture: by sample cutting placed face down on the brace table of fracture machine or pressure testing machine, the impact edge of a knife and sample cutting center line are matched, under shock load or pressure effect, sample is once fractureed;
Five, be oxidized: naturally cooled in atmosphere by the sample after fractureing, fracture surface of sample face shows blue clearly after air oxidation;
Six, observe: by bore hole or be not more than 10 times of magnifieres and observe the fracture sample that turns blue, record turns blue the distribution situation of non-metallic inclusion on fracture face.
The fracture examination method of turning blue of aforesaid simple possible, is characterized in that, in cutting step, adopts machining mode or electric spark mode to carry out cutting.
The fracture examination method of turning blue of aforesaid simple possible, is characterized in that, in heat treatment step, process of thermal treatment is:
(1) for low-carbon alloy steel: 900 ± 10 DEG C are incubated 60 minutes, quenching-in water, and 580 ± 10 DEG C of high temperings, are incubated 60 minutes air coolings of coming out of the stove;
(2) for medium carbon alloy steel: 880 ± 10 DEG C are incubated 60 minutes, water or oil quenching, and 580 ± 10 DEG C of high temperings, are incubated 60 minutes air coolings of coming out of the stove;
(3) for high-carbon alloy steel, high-carbon-chromium bearing steel: 880 ± 10 DEG C are incubated 60 minutes, oil quenching, and 580 ± 10 DEG C of high temperings, are incubated 60 minutes air coolings of coming out of the stove;
(4) for high carbon chromium stainless steel: 980 ± 20 DEG C are incubated 60 minutes, and oil quenching, 700 ± 20 DEG C of high temperings, are incubated 60 minutes air coolings of coming out of the stove.
The fracture examination method of turning blue of aforesaid simple possible, is characterized in that, in breaking step,
(1) for low-carbon alloy steel: when specimen temperature is down to blue shortness temperature, sample is fractureed;
(2) for medium carbon alloy steel, high-carbon alloy steel, high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, high carbon chromium stainless steel: when specimen temperature is down to blue shortness temperature, fractureed by sample rapidly, remaining temperature is utilized to be given a protective coating to metal objects by fracture.
The fracture examination method of turning blue of aforesaid simple possible, is characterized in that, in oxidation step, for the less sample of diameter≤40mm, takes Insulation to make sample Slow cooling.
Usefulness of the present invention is:
(1) because sample is after high tempering, temperature is down to blue shortness temperature (300-350 DEG C), and without the need to toasting, so the method for inspection of the present invention is compared with original method of inspection, simplify Technology for Heating Processing, operating process shortens 6 hours again;
(2) because sample, after high tempering, fractures rapidly when reaching blue shortness temperature, snotter display is clear, so the method for inspection of the present invention is compared with original method of inspection, operation is simple and feasible;
(3) because fracture in blue shortness temperature, self waste heat is utilized to toast section, without the need to toasting in resistance furnace, so the method for inspection of the present invention is compared with original method of inspection, inspection section is cleaner, it is high-visible that inclusion distribution detects effect, can be the inspection of steel degree of purity and provide reliable Data support;
(4) method of inspection of the present invention, is not only applicable to the fracture examination that turns blue of low-carbon alloy steel, and is applicable to the fracture examination that turns blue of the steel grades such as medium carbon alloy steel, high-carbon alloy steel, high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, high carbon chromium stainless steel, applied widely.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 intercepts sample and the schematic diagram of cutting on the bar of diameter=80mm;
Fig. 2 intercepts sample and the schematic diagram of cutting on the bar of diameter=40mm;
Fig. 3 is that the inclusion distribution corresponding with embodiment 1 detects design sketch;
Fig. 4 is that the inclusion distribution corresponding with embodiment 2 detects design sketch;
Fig. 5 is that the inclusion distribution corresponding with embodiment 3 detects design sketch;
Fig. 6 is that the inclusion distribution corresponding with embodiment 4 detects design sketch;
Fig. 7 is that the inclusion distribution corresponding with embodiment 5 detects design sketch;
Fig. 8 is that the inclusion distribution corresponding with embodiment 6 detects design sketch.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, concrete introduction is done to the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The kind of steel: 20CrMnTi (low-carbon alloy steel)
The specification of steel: diameter 95mm
One, sample
Directly intercept sample from forging to roll rear bar, the thickness of sample is 20mm.
Two, cutting
Open at sample cross Chu Guo center the groove that runs through the whole xsect of sample, the degree of depth of groove is 1/3rd of sample thickness, and bottom land is sharp-pointed.
Machining mode or electric spark mode is adopted to carry out cutting, as processing mode such as plane milling V-type groove or Linear cut fluting etc.
The object of cutting is convenient to fracture disposable for sample, avoids its edge to produce plastic yield, affects snotter display.
Three, thermal treatment
Sample with cutting is incubated a period of time under its austenitizing temperature, then carries out quenching, temper.
The concrete process of this thermal treatment is: 900 (± 10) DEG C insulation 60 minutes, quenching-in water, 580 (± 10) DEG C high tempering, is incubated 60 minutes air coolings of coming out of the stove.
After high tempering, sample obtains bacillar structure, and the sample after fractureing without the need to giving a protective coating to metal objects in resistance furnace, so section is not easily stained with greasy dirt, is of value to the clear display of snotter.
Four, fracture
When specimen temperature is down to blue shortness temperature 300-350 DEG C, by sample cutting placed face down on the brace table of fracture machine, the impact edge of a knife and sample cutting center line are matched, under impact loading, sample is once fractureed.
Five, be oxidized
Naturally cooled in atmosphere by sample after fractureing, fracture surface of sample face shows blue clearly after air oxidation.
Six, observe
By bore hole, the fracture sample that turns blue is observed, record the distribution situation of non-metallic inclusion on the fracture face that turns blue.If there is non-metallic inclusion in steel, then snotter can appear in the blue film of fracture along rolling direction with white wire strip feature.
Find through observing, fracture face turns blue clear, and clearly demonstrates informal voucher shape snotter.
Fig. 3 is that the inclusion distribution corresponding with embodiment 1 detects design sketch, and snotter is gone out by the artificial frame of rectangular wire frame.
Embodiment 2
The kind of steel: 40Cr (medium carbon alloy steel)
The specification of steel: diameter 90mm
One, sample
Directly intercept sample from forging to roll rear bar, the thickness of sample is 20mm.
Two, cutting
Open at sample cross Chu Guo center the groove that runs through the whole xsect of sample, the degree of depth of groove is 1/3rd of thickness, and bottom land is sharp-pointed.
Three, thermal treatment
Sample with cutting is incubated a period of time under its austenitizing temperature, then carries out quenching, temper.
The concrete process of this thermal treatment is: 880 (± 10) DEG C insulation 60 minutes, quenching-in water, 580 (± 10) DEG C high tempering, is incubated 60 minutes air coolings of coming out of the stove.
Four, fracture
When specimen temperature is down to blue shortness temperature, by sample cutting placed face down on the brace table of fracture machine, the impact edge of a knife and sample cutting center line are matched, under impact loading, sample is once fractureed, utilize remaining temperature to be given a protective coating to metal objects by fracture.Cause without the need to toasting in resistance furnace, so the blue film of fracture face is clean, snotter display is clear.
Five, be oxidized
Sample after fractureing is cooled in atmosphere naturally.
Six, observe
By bore hole, the fracture sample that turns blue is observed, record the distribution situation of non-metallic inclusion on the fracture face that turns blue.
Find through observing, fracture face turns blue clear, and clearly demonstrates informal voucher shape inclusion characteristic.
Fig. 4 is that the inclusion distribution corresponding with embodiment 2 detects design sketch, and snotter is gone out by the artificial frame of rectangular wire frame.
Embodiment 3
The kind of steel: 9SiCr (alloy tool steel)
The specification of steel: diameter 50mm
One, sample
Directly intercept sample from forging to roll rear bar, the length of sample is 100mm.
Two, cutting
On the sidewall of sample, middle position opens a groove, and the degree of depth of groove is 1/3rd of specimen finish, and bottom land is sharp-pointed.
Three, thermal treatment
Sample with cutting is incubated a period of time under its austenitizing temperature, then carries out quenching, temper.
The concrete process of this thermal treatment is: 880 (± 10) DEG C insulation 60 minutes, oil quenching, 580 (± 10) DEG C high tempering, is incubated 60 minutes air coolings of coming out of the stove.
Four, fracture
When specimen temperature is down to blue shortness temperature, by sample cutting placed face down on the brace table of fracture machine, the impact edge of a knife and sample cutting center line are matched, under impact loading, sample is once fractureed, utilize remaining temperature to be given a protective coating to metal objects by fracture.
Five, be oxidized
Sample after fractureing is cooled in atmosphere naturally.
Six, observe
By bore hole, the fracture sample that turns blue is observed, record the distribution situation of non-metallic inclusion on the fracture face that turns blue.
Through observe find, fracture face turns blue clear, and clear demonstrate point-like white snotter.
Fig. 5 is that the inclusion distribution corresponding with embodiment 3 detects design sketch, and snotter is gone out by the artificial frame of rectangular wire frame.
Embodiment 4
The kind of steel: GCr15SiMn (high-carbon-chromium bearing steel)
The specification of steel: diameter 42mm
One, sample
Directly intercept sample from forging to roll rear bar, the length of sample is 100mm.
Two, cutting
On the sidewall of sample, middle position opens a groove, and the degree of depth of groove is 1/3rd of specimen finish, and bottom land is sharp-pointed.
Three, thermal treatment
Sample with cutting is incubated a period of time under its austenitizing temperature, then carries out quenching, temper.
The concrete process of this thermal treatment is: 880 (± 10) DEG C insulation 60 minutes, oil quenching, 580 (± 10) DEG C high tempering, is incubated 60 minutes air coolings of coming out of the stove.
Four, fracture
When specimen temperature is down to blue shortness temperature, by sample cutting placed face down on the brace table of fracture machine, the impact edge of a knife and sample cutting center line are matched, under impact loading, sample is once fractureed, utilize remaining temperature to be given a protective coating to metal objects by fracture.
Five, be oxidized
Sample after fractureing is cooled in atmosphere naturally.
As size of sample≤40mm, certain Insulation can be taked to make sample Slow cooling, to prevent when batch is checked, multiple sample is cooling rapidly simultaneously, causes the specimen temperature of subsequent survey to drop to less than 300 DEG C, and the blue film of fracture cannot be formed.
Six, observe
By bore hole, the fracture sample that turns blue is observed, record the distribution situation of non-metallic inclusion on the fracture face that turns blue.
Through observe find, fracture face turns blue clear, and clear demonstrate point-like white snotter.
Fig. 6 is that the inclusion distribution corresponding with embodiment 4 detects design sketch, and snotter is gone out by the artificial frame of rectangular wire frame.
Embodiment 5
The kind of steel: 9Cr18Mo (high carbon chromium stainless steel)
The specification of steel: diameter 100mm
One, sample
Directly intercept sample from forging to roll rear bar, the thickness of sample is 20mm.
Two, cutting
Open at sample cross Chu Guo center the groove that runs through the whole xsect of sample, the degree of depth of groove is 1/3rd of specimen finish, and bottom land is sharp-pointed.
Three, thermal treatment
Sample with cutting is incubated a period of time under its austenitizing temperature, then carries out quenching, temper.
The concrete process of this thermal treatment is: 980 (± 20) DEG C insulation 60 minutes, oil quenching, 700 (± 20) DEG C high tempering, is incubated 60 minutes air coolings of coming out of the stove.
Four, fracture
When specimen temperature is down to blue shortness temperature, by sample cutting placed face down on the brace table of fracture machine, the impact edge of a knife and sample cutting center line are matched, under impact loading, sample is once fractureed, utilize remaining temperature to be given a protective coating to metal objects by fracture.
Five, be oxidized
Sample after fractureing is cooled in atmosphere naturally.
Six, observe
By bore hole, the fracture sample that turns blue is observed, record the distribution situation of non-metallic inclusion on the fracture face that turns blue.
Find through observing, fracture face turns blue clear, and clearly demonstrates informal voucher shape snotter.
Fig. 7 is that the inclusion distribution corresponding with embodiment 5 detects design sketch, and snotter is gone out by the artificial frame of rectangular wire frame.
Embodiment 6
The kind of steel: GCr15SiMn (high-carbon-chromium bearing steel)
The specification of steel: diameter 100mm
One, sample
Directly intercept sample from forging to roll rear bar, the thickness of sample is 15mm.
Two, cutting
Open at sample cross Chu Guo center the groove that runs through the whole xsect of sample, the degree of depth of groove is 1/3rd of thickness, and bottom land is sharp-pointed.
Three, thermal treatment
Sample with cutting is incubated a period of time under its austenitizing temperature, then carries out quenching, temper.
The concrete process of this thermal treatment is: 880 (± 10) DEG C insulation 60 minutes, oil quenching, 580 (± 10) DEG C high tempering, is incubated 60 minutes air coolings of coming out of the stove.
Four, fracture
When specimen temperature is down to blue shortness temperature, by sample cutting placed face down on the brace table of fracture machine, the impact edge of a knife and sample cutting center line are matched, under impact loading, sample is once fractureed.
Five, be oxidized
Sample after fractureing is cooled in atmosphere naturally.
Six, observe
By bore hole, the fracture sample that turns blue is observed, record the distribution situation of non-metallic inclusion on the fracture face that turns blue.
Find through observing, fracture face turns blue clear, and clearly demonstrates informal voucher shape snotter.
Fig. 8 is that the inclusion distribution corresponding with embodiment 6 detects design sketch, and snotter is gone out by the artificial frame of rectangular wire frame.
Original method of inspection:
The kind of steel: GCr15SiMn (high-carbon-chromium bearing steel)
The specification of steel: diameter 90mm
One, checkout procedure:
1, sample
Directly intercept sample from forging to roll rear bar, the thickness of sample is 20mm.
2, cutting
Open at sample cross Chu Guo center the groove that runs through the whole xsect of sample, the degree of depth of groove is 1/3rd of thickness, and bottom land is sharp-pointed.
3, sample thermal treatment
900 DEG C of insulations 60 minutes, oil quenching, 300 DEG C of tempering (acquisition bacillar structure), are incubated 60 minutes air coolings of coming out of the stove, and to be cooledly fracture on fracture machine to room temperature.
4, be oxidized
Fracture sample heat-treatment furnace is toasted at 300-350 DEG C of temperature, forms black and blue color film to fracture face, observe the distribution of nonmetallic inclusionsin steel.
Two, assay:
By the impact of carbon content, alloying elements distribution, give a protective coating to metal objects temperature, time of fracture should not be controlled, and fractured edge, centre and the center film color and luster that turns blue is uneven, causes snotter to show unclear, cannot detect and whether there is snotter.
Known by contrasting:
(1) sample is after thermal treatment (quenching-tempering), when temperature has reached blue shortness temperature (300-350 DEG C), it is fractureed rapidly, without the need to toasting again, so the method for inspection of the present invention is compared with original method of inspection, simplify Technology for Heating Processing, operating process shortens 6 hours.
(2) sample fractures in blue shortness temperature, self waste heat is utilized to toast section, without the need to toasting in resistance furnace, avoid section in operation to pollute, so the method for inspection of the present invention is compared with original method of inspection, Technology for Heating Processing is easy, and inspection section is cleaner, and inclusion distribution test effect is high-visible.
It should be noted that, above-described embodiment does not limit the present invention in any form, the technical scheme that the mode that all employings are equal to replacement or equivalent transformation obtains, and all drops in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a fracture examination method of turning blue for simple possible, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
One, sample: after forging rolling, bar, strip plate or suitable square billet intercept sample,
(1) for the steel of diameter≤50mm, the length intercepting sample is 100mm;
(2) for the steel of diameter within the scope of 50mm ~ 100mm, the thickness intercepting sample is 15-20mm;
Two, cutting:
(1) for the steel of diameter≤50mm, on the sidewall of sample, middle position opens a groove, and the degree of depth of groove is 1/3rd of specimen finish, and bottom land is sharp-pointed;
(2) for the steel of diameter within the scope of 50mm ~ 100mm, open at sample cross Chu Guo center the groove that runs through the whole xsect of sample, the degree of depth of groove is 1/3rd of sample thickness, and bottom land is sharp-pointed;
Three, thermal treatment: the sample with cutting is incubated a period of time under its austenitizing temperature, then carries out quenching, temper;
Four, fracture: by sample cutting placed face down on the brace table of fracture machine or pressure testing machine, the impact edge of a knife and sample cutting center line are matched, under shock load or pressure effect, sample is once fractureed;
Five, be oxidized: naturally cooled in atmosphere by the sample after fractureing, fracture surface of sample face shows blue clearly after air oxidation;
Six, observe: by bore hole or be not more than 10 times of magnifieres and observe the fracture sample that turns blue, record turns blue the distribution situation of non-metallic inclusion on fracture face.
2. the fracture examination method of turning blue of simple possible according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in cutting step, adopts machining mode or electric spark mode to carry out cutting.
3. the fracture examination method of turning blue of simple possible according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in heat treatment step, process of thermal treatment is:
(1) for low-carbon alloy steel: 900 ± 10 DEG C are incubated 60 minutes, quenching-in water, and 580 ± 10 DEG C of high temperings, are incubated 60 minutes air coolings of coming out of the stove;
(2) for medium carbon alloy steel: 880 ± 10 DEG C are incubated 60 minutes, water or oil quenching, and 580 ± 10 DEG C of high temperings, are incubated 60 minutes air coolings of coming out of the stove;
(3) for high-carbon alloy steel, high-carbon-chromium bearing steel: 880 ± 10 DEG C are incubated 60 minutes, oil quenching, and 580 ± 10 DEG C of high temperings, are incubated 60 minutes air coolings of coming out of the stove;
(4) for high carbon chromium stainless steel: 980 ± 20 DEG C are incubated 60 minutes, and oil quenching, 700 ± 20 DEG C of high temperings, are incubated 60 minutes air coolings of coming out of the stove.
4. the fracture examination method of turning blue of simple possible according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in breaking step,
(1) for low-carbon alloy steel: when specimen temperature is down to blue shortness temperature, sample is fractureed;
(2) for medium carbon alloy steel, high-carbon alloy steel, high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, high carbon chromium stainless steel: when specimen temperature is down to blue shortness temperature, fractureed by sample rapidly, remaining temperature is utilized to be given a protective coating to metal objects by fracture.
5. the fracture examination method of turning blue of simple possible according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in oxidation step, for the less sample of diameter≤40mm, takes Insulation to make sample Slow cooling.
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CN111272796A (en) * | 2020-03-14 | 2020-06-12 | 广东韶钢松山股份有限公司 | Method for detecting sulfide inclusions in steel |
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CN114839189A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-08-02 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for rapidly detecting bluing fracture of high-carbon chromium bearing steel |
CN115656184A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-01-31 | 宝武杰富意特殊钢有限公司 | Small-size round steel bluing fracture inspection method |
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Cited By (4)
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CN111272796A (en) * | 2020-03-14 | 2020-06-12 | 广东韶钢松山股份有限公司 | Method for detecting sulfide inclusions in steel |
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CN115656184A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-01-31 | 宝武杰富意特殊钢有限公司 | Small-size round steel bluing fracture inspection method |
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