CN105204095B - A kind of weighing type rain gauge structure suitable for sleet Rainfall estimation - Google Patents
A kind of weighing type rain gauge structure suitable for sleet Rainfall estimation Download PDFInfo
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- CN105204095B CN105204095B CN201510688100.2A CN201510688100A CN105204095B CN 105204095 B CN105204095 B CN 105204095B CN 201510688100 A CN201510688100 A CN 201510688100A CN 105204095 B CN105204095 B CN 105204095B
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- sleet
- precipitation
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of weighing type rain gauge structure suitable for sleet Rainfall estimation, inner cylinder including shell and in the shell, interior tube stent, sleet gathers disk, precipitation gathers bucket, precipitation gathers bucket weighing sensor and total weighing sensor, the shell is flexibly connected to be formed with inner cylinder on top holds the mouth of a river, the precipitation collection bucket is on precipitation collection bucket weighing sensor, the outlet of the inner cylinder is positioned at the surface of precipitation collection bucket, precipitation collection bucket weighing sensor is on total weighing sensor, the inner cylinder is by the interior tube stent equally on total weighing sensor；The sleet collection disk is disc, and it is located in the inner cylinder positioned at the underface for holding the mouth of a river, and the disk diameter of sleet collection disk is more than the diameter for holding the mouth of a river.The present invention is remarkably improved the accuracy of sleet Rainfall estimation, and reliable science data are provided for the research of sleet Disaster Science.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rainfall gauge, particularly relates to a kind of weighing type rain gauge knot suitable for sleet Rainfall estimation
Structure.
Background technology
Rainfall estimation is the important component of surface weather observation, is the important step of atmospheric water circulatory monitoring.Precipitation
Measurement is obtained in a certain period for the water that target is the liquid or solid-state (after thawing) dropped to from sky on ground, measurement
The accumulation depth without the precipitation that evaporates, permeate, be lost in the horizontal plane, i.e. precipitation.The instrument bag that Rainfall estimation uses
Include following main species：Rain gauge, tipping-bucket rain-gauge, siphon rainfall recorder and weighing type rain gauge.
Rain gauge is made up of rain gage bucket and measuring cup, and rain gage bucket includes raingauge receiver, water-storage pot and water butt.Raingauge receiver is a diameter of
20cm circulars, covered with copper band, raingauge receiver is divided into the rain container with funnel and holds snow device without funnel its peristoma.Water butt
Water-storage pot is inside put, to collect precipitation.Water-storage pot reclaimed water is poured into measuring cup by liquid precipitation observation, is read number of division in measuring cup and is
For precipitation.
Tipping-bucket rain-gauge is made up of inductor and logger, inductor mainly include raingauge receiver (bore 20cm), on turn over
Struggling against, collect tipping bucket, metering tipping bucket, count tipping bucket and tongue tube etc., logger includes counter, recording pen and control circuit etc.,
The two uses wire linkage record precipitation.Tipping-bucket rain-gauge is the gravity using water, the precipitation that raingauge receiver is collected is passed through upper
Tipping bucket and the throttle pipe injection metering tipping bucket for collecting tipping bucket, when precipitation reaches 0.1mm, precipitation is poured into counting by metering tipping bucket
Tipping bucket, count tipping bucket upset once, produce a switching signal, record 0.1mm precipitation.
Siphon rainfall recorder is made up of raingauge receiver (bore 20cm), float chamber, recording clock and siphon pipe etc..In Rainfall estimation
During, precipitation introduces float chamber from raingauge receiver through funnel water inlet pipe, and float chamber is bulge, built-in float, solid on float
Determine straight-bar with recording pen to be connected, the external siphon pipe of float chamber.Precipitation rises float, drives oneself pen drawing song from note paper
Line, when recording pen point reaches oneself paper upper end, siphon pipe starts draining, and recording pen returns to the line of scale 0, recorded again.
Weighing type rain gauge includes holding the mouth of a river, shell, inner cylinder, load cell and processing unit, base assembly, wind-proof circle etc.
Part forms, and different from tipping-bucket rain-gauge and siphon rainfall recorder, it can do Continuous Observation to liquid and solid precipitation, utilizes
The Action of Gravity Field of liquid and solid precipitation, the solid-state for holding mouth of a river collection and liquid precipitation are imported into steel ladle, load member along inner cylinder
Part measures to steel ladle mass change, and calculates rainfall.
Weighing type rain gauge based on Weighing type precipitation sensor is in existing Rainfall estimation technology using the widest
General, current such e measurement technology is in the application main difference is that the selection of sensor, substantially similar on overall Instrument structure.
The e measurement technology that Weighing type precipitation sensor uses has two kinds, is resistance strain measurement technology and vibratory string e measurement technology respectively.Electricity
It is as follows to hinder strain measurement technique operation principle：Sensitive beam in sensor produces elastic deformation in the presence of external force, is its table
Also companion is deformed the resistance strain gage in face, and after resistance strain gage deformation, resistance will change, through corresponding measuring circuit
Change in resistance is converted into electric signal, obtains the quality of precipitation.Vibratory string e measurement technology is used as bullet using the string silk that fixed frequency is vibrated
Property part, according to it by pulling force and the corresponding relation of vibration frequency, the quality of precipitation is obtained by corresponding measuring circuit.
DSC1 types and DSC3 types are based on resistance strain measurement in the Weighing type precipitation sensor that existing meteorological department uses
The sensor of technology, introduced respectively by Jiangsu Province Radio Scientific Research Institute from Finland with middle ring day instrument Tianjin Meteorological Instrument Factory certainly
Introduce in the U.S..DSC2 type Weighing types precipitation sensor uses vibratory string e measurement technology, by China HuaYun Technology Development Co., Ltd from Norway
Introduce.
Existing Weighing type Rainfall estimation technology lays particular emphasis on the selection of sensor, and its overall construction design difference is little, for
The solid precipitation of the liquid precipitation of summer and winter based on snowfall has preferable measurement capability, and still, Atmospheric precipitation is present
Obvious phase-state change, in addition to common liquid rainfall and solid-state snowfall, hail, the height using sleet as representative also be present and adhere to
Type precipitation.
Sleet precipitation is common in winter, and it is liquid in the air, is supercooling raindrop, and raindrop temperature is less than 0 DEG C, works as sleet
When being down to body surface below 0 DEG C of ground, freeze, solid-state icing is converted into the short time.
In existing measuring instrument observation process, sleet be typically frozen in it is udometric hold on the mouth of a river and inner tube wall, nothing
Image of Buddha liquid is imported downwards tank as general solid precipitation by Action of Gravity Field, therefore, either tipping bucket type rain
Gauge, siphon rainfall recorder and the higher weighing type rain gauge of the widely used precision of current weather service, can not be to sleet
Precipitation carries out accurate measurement, in sleet precipitation period often precipitation very little, and after precipitation terminates temperature go up to 0 DEG C with
On, the melt ice held on the mouth of a river and inner tube wall falls into tank, produces false precipitation.
Largely the mouth of a river and inner tube wall top are held in adhesion to sleet precipitation in existing measuring instrument, cause weighing sensor accurate
The problem of really measuring sleet precipitation.Sleet precipitation, which causes to hold the mouth of a river, to be freezed, and is caused to hold mouth of a river bore and is reduced, and influences sleet drop
Water collection efficiency；Inner tube wall top freezes due to being had a great influence by external environment, it is prone to and melt-evaporate and distil, shadow
Ring measurement accuracy.Prior art is due to Instrument Design structure problem, it is impossible to accurate measurement China winter sleet precipitation, Wu Fada
To the target of the round-the-clock Rainfall estimation marked, therefore, a kind of rational title for being applicable to sleet Rainfall estimation need to be proposed
Weight formula rainfall gauge structure.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the present invention proposes a kind of weighing type rain gauge structure suitable for sleet Rainfall estimation, according to jelly
Rain precipitation falling speed and solidification point carry out rainfall gauge structure design and sensor technology setup measures, solve existing sleet drop
The low technical problem of water gaging accuracy.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is achieved using following technical scheme：
A kind of weighing type rain gauge structure suitable for sleet Rainfall estimation, including shell and in the shell
Inner cylinder, interior tube stent, sleet collection disk, precipitation collection bucket, precipitation collection bucket weighing sensor and total weighing sensor, it is described outer
Shell is flexibly connected to be formed with inner cylinder on top holds the mouth of a river, and the precipitation collection bucket is located at precipitation collection bucket weighing sensor
On, the outlet of the inner cylinder gathers bucket weighing sensor and retransmitted located at the general name positioned at the surface of precipitation collection bucket, precipitation
On sensor, the inner cylinder is by the interior tube stent equally on total weighing sensor；The sleet collection disk is circle
Dish type, it is located in the inner cylinder positioned at the underface for holding the mouth of a river, and the disk diameter of sleet collection disk is more than and holds the mouth of a river
Diameter.
Preferably, the shell is connected with inner cylinder on top by interior straight outer oblique copper sheathing ring, and is held at the mouth of a river
Constant-temperature heating element is provided between shell and inner cylinder, the housing exterior is provided with weighs with constant-temperature heating element, precipitation collection bucket
The instrument control circuit and collecting sensor signal unit that sensor connects with total weighing sensor, for integrating and performing constant temperature
Control, power supply and Signals collecting function；Because the solidification point of pure water is 0 DEG C, and actual precipitation is past by such environmental effects
Toward comprising DDGSs such as sulfate, the solidification point of precipitation is reduce further, therefore, constant-temperature heating element temperature setting is 0
Between DEG C -1 DEG C, meanwhile, mouth of a river heating surface (area) (HS is held in control, can effectively prevent sleet precipitation from freezing holding the mouth of a river, and can avoids
Continuous heating causes melt ice to evaporate and influence Rainfall estimation accuracy.
Preferably, the inner cylinder top barrel vertical dip angle is arranged to 45 °, prevents inner tube wall top from freezing, avoids
Changes in environmental conditions, which causes to freeze, evaporates, and is the major issue that sleet Rainfall estimation needs to solve, according to sleet meteorological observation, freezes
Rain precipitation period of right time horizontal wind speed is 2m/s-4m/s, and sleet particle size is concentrated mainly between 500 μm -1000 μm,
500 μm of raindrop whereabouts end speeds are 2m/s or so, and 1000 μm of raindrop whereabouts end speeds are 4m/s or so, average raindrop whereabouts end speed
Degree is about 3m/s or so.Fallen average end speed (3m/s) with reference to mean wind speed (3m/s) and raindrop, sleet raindrop mostly with
45 ° of inclination angles of vertical direction, which are fallen into, holds the mouth of a river, and because sleet precipitation is after falling into and holding the mouth of a river, ambient wind velocity, which influences moment, to be weakened, because
This, the angle of sleet raindrop falling direction and vertical direction is less than 45 °, and inner cylinder top barrel vertical dip angle, which is arranged to 45 °, to be had
Effect avoids sleet precipitation from freezing on inner tube wall top.
Preferably, the sleet collection disk in inner cylinder and inner cylinder bottom barrel are the main collection portions of sleet precipitation
Point, falling into the sleet of inner cylinder will freeze in the sleet collection disk in inner cylinder and inner tube wall middle and lower part, the inner cylinder bottom
Barrel is offset inwardly to form slope, for supercooled state sleet provide it is sufficiently large freeze area, the overwhelming majority is not fallen within sleet
The sleet precipitation of collection disk can freeze in inner tube wall.
Preferably, the height for holding the mouth of a river is 20mm, holds a diameter of 200mm at the mouth of a river, and the sleet gathers disk
A diameter of 244mm, the length on the slope is 381mm, a diameter of 187mm of precipitation collection bucket.
The present invention can measure the gross precipitation change of sleet period of right time, and total weighing sensor measures precipitation and precipitation
The difference for gathering bucket precipitation is sleet precipitation.
Compared with prior art, the device have the advantages that being：The present invention is remarkably improved sleet Rainfall estimation
Accuracy, the new thinking of offer is designed Precipitation in Winter measuring instrument and developed, provided for the research of sleet Disaster Science reliable
Science data.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
To allow those skilled in the art to become apparent from getting information about the present invention, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, to the present invention
It is further described.
If Fig. 1 is the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
A kind of weighing type rain gauge structure suitable for sleet Rainfall estimation, including shell 1 and in shell 1 in
Cylinder 2, interior tube stent 3, sleet collection disk 4, precipitation collection bucket 5, precipitation collection bucket weighing sensor 6 and total weighing sensor 7, hold
The mouth of a river 8 is that shell 1 is connected with the top of inner cylinder 2 with interior straight outer oblique copper sheathing ring (not shown), the outer inclined-plane covering of copper sheathing ring
1 mouthful of shell, without being brought into close contact, the mouth of a river 8 is held on the premise of bore constant (200mm), the height of the mouth of a river 8, contracting are held in reduction
The height of the mouth of a river 8 of holding after subtracting is 20mm.Precipitation collection bucket 5 is on precipitation collection bucket weighing sensor 6, the outlet 21 of inner cylinder 2
Positioned at the surface of precipitation collection bucket 5, precipitation collection bucket weighing sensor 6 is on total weighing sensor 7, and inner cylinder 2 is by interior
Tube stent 3 is equally on total weighing sensor 7.
Built-in constant-temperature heating element (not shown) between shell 1 and inner cylinder 2 is held at the mouth of a river 8, freezes temperature due to pure water
Spend for 0 DEG C, and actual precipitation is usually contained the DDGSs such as sulfate by such environmental effects, reduce further the jelly of precipitation
Junction temperature, therefore, in the present embodiment by the temperature setting of constant-temperature heating element between 0 DEG C -1 DEG C, meanwhile, the mouth of a river 8 is held in control
Heating surface (area) (HS, can effectively prevent sleet precipitation from freezing holding the mouth of a river 8, and can avoids continuous heating from causing melt ice to evaporate
And Rainfall estimation accuracy is influenceed, the outside of shell 1 is provided with and constant-temperature heating element, precipitation collection bucket weighing sensor 6 and general name
Instrument control circuit and collecting sensor signal unit 9 that sensor 7 connects are retransmitted, for integrating and performing thermostatic control, power supply
And Signals collecting function.
The top barrel vertical dip angle of inner cylinder 2 is arranged to 45 °.Prevent the top barrel of inner cylinder 2 from freezing, avoid changes in environmental conditions
Cause to freeze and evaporate, be the major issue that sleet Rainfall estimation needs to solve.According to sleet meteorological observation, when sleet precipitation occurs
Section horizontal wind speed is 2m/s-4m/s, and sleet particle size is concentrated mainly between 500 μm -1000 μm, and 500 μm of raindrop fall
End speed is 2m/s or so, and 1000 μm of raindrop whereabouts end speeds are 4m/s or so, and average raindrop whereabouts end speed is about a 3m/s left sides
It is right.With reference to the average end speed (3m/s) of mean wind speed (3m/s) and raindrop whereabouts, sleet raindrop are inclined with 45 ° with vertical direction mostly
The corner Ru Cheng mouths of a river, because sleet precipitation is after falling into and holding the mouth of a river, ambient wind velocity, which influences moment, to be weakened, therefore, under sleet raindrop
The angle for falling direction and vertical direction is less than 45 °, and the top barrel vertical dip angle of inner cylinder 2, which is arranged to 45 °, effectively to avoid sleet from dropping
Water freezes in the top barrel of inner cylinder 2.
The sleet collection disk 4 of the present embodiment is located in inner cylinder 2 positioned at the underface for holding the mouth of a river 8, sleet collection disk 4 and inner cylinder
2 bottom barrels are the main collecting parts of sleet precipitation, fall into the sleet of inner cylinder 2 and will gather disk 4 and the bottom of inner cylinder 2 in sleet
Barrel freezes, and sleet collection disk 4 is disc, rough surface, its a diameter of 244mm, more than the diameter for holding the mouth of a river 8, can be increased
Sleet gathers area.The bottom barrel length of inner cylinder 2 is 381mm, for supercooled state sleet provide it is sufficiently large freeze area, make big absolutely
The sleet precipitation that majority does not fall within sleet collection disk 4 can freeze in the bottom barrel of inner cylinder 2.
The present embodiment takes into account sleet and other phase Rainfall estimations, and liquid precipitation will import precipitation collection along the barrel of inner cylinder 2
Bucket 5, its quality gather bucket weighing sensor 6 by the precipitation at bucket bottom and measured, and inner cylinder 2 is connected with the support of inner cylinder 3, precipitation collection bucket 5
And precipitation collection bucket weighing sensor 6 is placed on total weighing sensor 7 together, total weighing sensor 7 can measure sleet hair
The gross precipitation change of raw period, it is sleet precipitation that total weighing sensor 7, which measures precipitation and the difference of the precipitation collection precipitation of bucket 5,
Amount.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
God any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., should be included in the scope of the protection with principle.
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. weighing type rain gauge structure suitable for sleet Rainfall estimation, it is characterised in that：Including shell and located at institute The inner cylinder in shell, interior tube stent, sleet collection disk, precipitation collection bucket, precipitation collection bucket weighing sensor and general name is stated to retransmit Sensor, the shell is flexibly connected to be formed with inner cylinder on top holds the mouth of a river, and the precipitation collection bucket is located at precipitation collection bucket On weighing sensor, the outlet of the inner cylinder is located at institute positioned at the surface of precipitation collection bucket, precipitation collection bucket weighing sensor State on total weighing sensor, the inner cylinder is by the interior tube stent equally on total weighing sensor；The sleet Collection disk is disc, and it is located in the inner cylinder positioned at the underface for holding the mouth of a river, and the disk diameter of sleet collection disk More than the diameter for holding the mouth of a river；The shell is connected with inner cylinder on top by interior straight outer oblique copper sheathing ring, and is held and set between the shell at the mouth of a river and inner cylinder There is constant-temperature heating element, the housing exterior is provided with to be retransmitted with constant-temperature heating element, precipitation collection bucket weighing sensor and general name The instrument control circuit and collecting sensor signal unit of sensor connection, for integrating and performing thermostatic control, power supply and signal Acquisition function；The inner cylinder top barrel vertical dip angle is arranged to 45 °.
- 2. weighing type rain gauge structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Inner cylinder bottom barrel is offset inwardly from Form slope.
- 3. weighing type rain gauge structure according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The height for holding the mouth of a river is 20mm, Hold a diameter of 200mm at the mouth of a river, a diameter of 244mm of the sleet collection disk, the length on the slope is 381mm, the drop A diameter of 187mm of hydromining collection bucket.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510688100.2A CN105204095B (en) | 2015-10-23 | 2015-10-23 | A kind of weighing type rain gauge structure suitable for sleet Rainfall estimation |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510688100.2A CN105204095B (en) | 2015-10-23 | 2015-10-23 | A kind of weighing type rain gauge structure suitable for sleet Rainfall estimation |
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| CN105204095A CN105204095A (en) | 2015-12-30 |
| CN105204095B true CN105204095B (en) | 2018-02-16 |
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| CN201510688100.2A Expired - Fee Related CN105204095B (en) | 2015-10-23 | 2015-10-23 | A kind of weighing type rain gauge structure suitable for sleet Rainfall estimation |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108572092B (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2023-08-01 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Precipitation collection device for extremely high altitude glacier ablation area |
| CN108562954A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-09-21 | 付金乐 | Novel tipping bucket Weighing type sleet measuring method and device |
| CN115032722A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-09-09 | 南京华达工程检测仪器有限公司 | Weighing type rainfall evaporation automatic measuring instrument |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2035492U (en) * | 1988-05-19 | 1989-04-05 | 河北省气象科学研究所 | Automatic recorder for hailstone or rain measuring |
| JPH11295443A (en) * | 1998-04-10 | 1999-10-29 | Ship Res Inst Ministry Of Transport | Icing meter |
| CN103472505A (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2013-12-25 | 南京信息工程大学 | Pluviometer capable of distinguishing solid and liquid precipitated water and detecting method thereof |
| CN204422790U (en) * | 2015-03-04 | 2015-06-24 | 山东省水利科学研究院 | A kind of Weighing type snow weighing gauge |
| CN204595249U (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-08-26 | 六盘水师范学院 | Rainfall estimation leads to cylinder |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FI20050891L (en) * | 2005-09-07 | 2007-03-08 | Vaisala Oyj | Floating rain gauge and procedure for rain measurement |
-
2015
- 2015-10-23 CN CN201510688100.2A patent/CN105204095B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2035492U (en) * | 1988-05-19 | 1989-04-05 | 河北省气象科学研究所 | Automatic recorder for hailstone or rain measuring |
| JPH11295443A (en) * | 1998-04-10 | 1999-10-29 | Ship Res Inst Ministry Of Transport | Icing meter |
| CN103472505A (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2013-12-25 | 南京信息工程大学 | Pluviometer capable of distinguishing solid and liquid precipitated water and detecting method thereof |
| CN204422790U (en) * | 2015-03-04 | 2015-06-24 | 山东省水利科学研究院 | A kind of Weighing type snow weighing gauge |
| CN204595249U (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-08-26 | 六盘水师范学院 | Rainfall estimation leads to cylinder |
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Inventor after: Li Xingyu Inventor after: Mao Ziyi Inventor after: Guo Xueliang Inventor after: Yang Jialun Inventor after: Liu Bin Inventor before: Li Xingyu Inventor before: Ye Chengzhi Inventor before: Guo Xueliang Inventor before: Yang Jialun Inventor before: Liu Bin |
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Granted publication date: 20180216 Termination date: 20181023 |