CN105131035B - 氨基官能团化合物及糖链标记带正电荷质谱衍生化试剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种氨基官能团化合物及N‑连接糖链标记带正电荷质谱衍生化试剂,具体指MPST试剂。该试剂含有带正电荷三苯基膦化学结构,可对氨基官能团化合物及N‑连接糖链进行化学标记,利用色谱‑质谱(LC‑MS)联用技术,建立氨基官能团代谢物及N‑连接糖链的高灵敏、高选择性的分析方法。因本试剂本身带有正电荷,并在MS/MS中可获得质荷比(m/z)为120的特定碎片离子,可在电喷雾离子化正离子(ESI+)模式下,能显著提高质谱的检测灵敏度、易于结构推断。为生物代谢组学的研究及微量糖链生物功能的研究及各种疾病生物标志物的筛选提供新型高灵敏度带正电荷的质谱试剂(图3)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物分析领域的含氨基官能团代谢物分析及差异性糖组学领域,特别是含氨基官能团化合物及N-连接糖链分析用高灵敏度质谱衍生化试剂。
背景技术
代谢组学(Metabonomics)是定量描述生物内源性代谢物质的整体状況及其对内外环境变化做出应答的规律性科学。代谢组学通过测量细胞、组织和机体代谢产物的浓度变化来反映基因、蛋白质和代谢活性本身的直接关系。由于代谢组学的变化是机体对基因、疾病、环境和药物等作用的最终反映,其内源性代谢产物是机体一系列生命活动的关键或终点反应。因此,代谢组学可以帮助人们更好地了解生物体中各种复杂的相互作用及其本质。近年来,代谢组学在疾病诊断和动物模型、药物代谢、中药成分的安全性评价等研究方面取得了新的突破和进展。但其分析方法仍然是代谢组学迅速发展的瓶颈之一。
早期的代谢组学研究方法主要采用核磁共振(NMR)技术、气相-质谱(GC-MS)技术和毛细管电泳-质谱(CE-MS)技术。NMR的主要优点是测定条件温和,不改变样品的结构和理化性质,还可进行动态测定,但有检测灵敏度低,动态范围窄等局限性。相比较之下,LC-MS联用技术,利用液相技术的卓越分离能力和高重复性,质谱技术的多通道监测功能,特别是高分辨率质谱凭借其普适性、高灵敏度和较宽的动态检测范围、特异性的特点,已成为代谢组学研究的主流技术。可应用于不挥发性化合物、极性化合物、热不稳定化合物和大分子量化合物的分析。但也有对一些代谢物因离子化效率低检测灵敏度达不到要求,尤其对复杂生物样品中的代谢产物难以达到提高选择性和高灵敏度检测的目的。
另外,糖组学(Glycomics)是研究糖蛋白上所有糖链的表达、调控和生理功能的学科。糖组学的研究不仅是基因组学和蛋白质组学的延续,而且是彻底阐明基因功能的必由之路,也是破解生命信息的第三条途径。糖组学关注的焦点是糖蛋白,为了更好地与蛋白质组学相关联,所以将研究对象锁定为糖蛋白的糖链。链接糖蛋白糖链主要有N-连接和O-连接,与蛋白质的天冬酰胺(Asn)残基的氨基侧链共价键相连为N-糖链,与蛋白质的丝氨酸或苏氨酸(Ser/Thr)羟基氧上相连为O-糖链。而生物体内大部分糖链为N-糖链,并且主要定位于细胞膜表面和膜蛋白,其对细胞的癌症和转移、以及造血功能起着重要作用。因此, 在本发明研究中将以N-糖链为分析对象。
到目前为止,核磁共振(NMR)技术已成为糖链立体化学结构分析的有效工具。主要优点是测定条件温和,既不改变样品的结构和理化性质,又可确定糖的构型,连接位置、分支和微观多样性。但NMR测定糖的信号峰重叠严重,解析较难,灵敏度低,而且需要毫克级样品,这对多数糖复合物中的微量糖链分析是很难达到的。与之相比较,现代高效液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)联用技术利用液相技术的卓越分离能力和高重复性,质谱技术的多通道监测功能,特别是高分辨率质谱凭借其普适性、高灵敏度和较宽的动态检测范围、特异性的特点,已成为生物样品中复杂微量糖链的定性和定量分析的主流技术。但也有一些生物样本不可再生,而且存在不能鉴别糖链立体结构的问题。分析糖蛋白糖链的传统方法一般是将糖链切掉(肼解法和酶法)并分离纯化后进行分析。因为糖链本身没有发色基团,而且其在质谱仪上不易离子化,为了在分离纯化和结构鉴定过程中能够更有效地检测到糖链,一般进行柱前衍生的方法。该方法主要是使糖链带上紫外或荧光基团,提高检测的灵敏度, 同时又可以使糖链带上疏水基团,降低糖链的极性,使糖链在反相色谱柱上得到保留,利于糖链的分离。目前对糖链进行衍生化标记的试剂较多, 主要有 1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP), 2-氨基吡啶(2-AP) ,氨基苯甲酸酯类衍生试剂(ABEE) ,苯胺类衍生试剂(2-AB)。虽然利用这些试剂对糖链进行标记后可以用于HPLC 分离后在荧光或MS上进行检测,可以在一定程度上能提高糖链分析的选择性和灵敏度,但这些试剂的化学反应条件较难控制,不同糖链结构需要摸索不同的衍生化条件, 不仅容易发生去糖基化现象,而且需要多步程序其手续繁琐费时。其中还原胺化法由于产物稳定而成为常用的衍生化方法之一,但该方法对糖链的还原端直接进行标记,而原糖链的回收比较困难,衍生化过程中还可能发生还原端异构化、β-消除反应、唾液酸丢失而引起检测时出现难以判断的情况,并且衍生后的糖链会形成还原端开环结构,导致糖链的部分生物信息丢失以及对糖链的一些活性造成影响。
近年,Kamoda(J. Proteome Res. 4 (2005) 146-152.) 等利用N-糖苷酶F(PNGase F)酶解得到完整的N-糖链和肽段后,使糖链还原端与铵盐等反应生成中间产物糖铵(Glycosylamine),糖铵再与荧光衍生化试剂反应,开发了N-糖链分析方法。这种分析方法虽然在糖链衍生化过程中保持糖链原有的结构,不会形成还原端开环的优点,但因使用荧光衍生化试剂,有时在LC-MS达不到检测要求,而且糖链结构解析困难,很难达到同时分析多种糖链的目的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有氨基官能团代谢物及N-糖链在LC-MS检测灵敏度的不足,提供一种本身带有正电荷,并在MS/MS中可获得质荷比(m/z)为120的特定碎片离子,可在电喷雾离子化正离子(ESI+)模式下,能显著提高质谱的检测灵敏度、易于结构推断的氨基官能团化合物及糖链标记带正电荷的质谱衍生化试剂。
本发明所提供的技术方案为:
一种氨基官能团化合物及糖链标记带正电荷质谱衍生化试剂,以三苯基膦(Triphenylphosphine, TPP) 和2-[4-(溴甲基苯基)]-丙酸[2-[4-(Bromomethyl)phenyl]-
propionic acid (2-4-BMPPA)], N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(N-hydroxysuccinimide)为起始物,反应合成[4-(methyl) phenyl-2-propionyl-N-succinimido]-triphenylphosphonium bromide (MPST),该MPST试剂具有如下结构式:
。
本发明,设想对氨基官能团代谢物进行化学衍生化方法开发高灵敏度、高选择性LC-MS分析方法;针对糖蛋白中N-糖链,首先利用N-糖苷酶F(PNGase F)酶解得到完整的N-糖链和肽段后,使糖链还原端与铵盐等反应生成中间产物糖铵,糖铵再与新合成的质谱衍生化试剂反应,开发高灵敏度、高选择性N-糖链分析方法。为生物代谢组学及微量糖链生物功能的深入研究及各种疾病生物标志物的筛选提供有效、可靠的分析检测手段。
本发明着眼于带正电荷、易质子化、并在电喷雾正离子化模式(ESI+)中,有利于选择反应监测(SRM)或多反应监测(MRM)分析的三苯基膦(Triphenylphospine) 化学结构为母体,开发了具有高灵敏度、高选择性的靶向氨基官能团同时能标记糖链的带正电荷质谱衍生化试剂。带正电荷质谱衍生化试剂的开发,将对发展和建立高灵敏、高选择性的生物体内微量糖链分析方法及含氨基官能团代谢物分析方法起到瓶颈作用,对探索筛选真正有效的糖链生物标志物和代谢生物标志物,具有重要意义。
本发明涉及氨基官能团化合物及N-连接糖链分析用试剂,具体指MPST试剂。该试剂含有带正电荷的三苯基膦结构,可以对N-糖苷酶F(PNGase F)酶解的糖蛋白中糖链及氨基官能团代谢物进行化学衍生化反应;采用色质联用技术,建立高灵敏、高选择性的氨基官能团代谢物及N-链接糖链同时分析方法。可以提高氨基官能团代谢物及糖链衍生物在质谱检测器上的检测灵敏度,并易于结构推断。为生物代谢组学及差异性糖组学的各种疾病生物标志物的筛选提供有效、可靠的质谱试剂。
下面结合附图对本发明实施例进行进一步说明。
附图说明
图1为实施例 MPST试剂的LC-MS的质量色谱图。
图2为实施例 MPST试剂的LC-MS的质谱图。
图3为实施例MPST试剂与氨基官能团化合物反应结构式。
图4为实施例MPST试剂与糖铵(SGA)反应结构式。
具体实施方式
实施例
MPST的合成:
称取MPT 85.0 mg(0.2 mmol)溶解在6.0 mL乙腈溶剂中,加入DCC(N,N’-二环己基碳二亚胺)41.2 mg(0.2 mmol), 最后加入N-羟基丁二酰亚胺 23.0 mg(0.2 mmol),室温搅拌反应16 小时。将反应液抽滤除去白色粉末,旋干溶剂后,得到 127.4 mg生成物。采用洗脱剂甲醇 : 二氯甲烷=1:25进行柱层析提纯。ESI-MS谱图数据(m/z):425.17 [M]+; 1H-NMR: δ 1.56-1.59 (d, 3H, J =9 Hz), 2.84 (s, 4H), 3.93-4.00 (dd, H, J =12.5Hz), 5.31-5.48 (d, 2H, J =51 Hz), 7.07-7.28 (m, 4H), 7.62-7.80 (m,15H)。熔点为128 oC, 収率约为94.9%:
。
从图1、图2的LC-MS的质量色谱图和质谱图中我们可以看出,合成的MPST试剂分子量与检测出的质荷比m/z=522.18一致。可以判断合成的化合物确实是MPST试剂。图3具体表示合成的MPST试剂与氨基官能团化合物的反应部位及反应结构式。图4具体表示N-糖苷酶F(PNGase F)酶解唾液酸糖肽Sialylglycopeptide (SGP)变成糖铵结构的过程,并与合成的MPST试剂进行衍生化反应的反应结构式。
本发明中的试剂含有带正电荷的三苯基膦结构,由于该种质谱试剂本身带有正电荷,可在质谱检测的电喷雾离子化正离子(ESI+)模式下,能显著提高待测物的离子化效率、并在MS/MS中可获得质荷比(m/z)为120的特定碎片离子,可在选择反应监测(SRM)或多反应监测(MRM)模式中明显提高检测灵敏度,并且在母离子扫描中(precursor ion scan)可利用m/z为627的含N-乙酰葡糖胺结构糖链特定子离子,进行同时检测母离子,进行结构推断。带有氨基官能团的丝氨酸、苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸,单糖D-葡萄糖胺(D-Glucamine)、唾液酸糖肽Sialylglycopeptide (SGP) 等衍生化后的检测灵敏度为 0.3 amol-30 fmol。明显高于现有的荧光衍生化试剂及质谱试剂。可利用色谱-质谱(LC-MS)联用技术,建立氨基官能团代谢物及N-连接糖链的高灵敏、高选择性的分析方法。为生物代谢组学及差异性糖组学的各种疾病生物标志物的筛选提供有效、可靠的高灵敏、高选择性的质谱试剂。
Claims (1)
1.一种糖链标记带正电荷质谱衍生化试剂,以三苯基膦(Triphenylphosphine, TPP)和2-[4-(溴甲基苯基)]-丙酸[2-[4-(Bromomethyl)phenyl]-
propionic acid (2-4-BMPPA)], N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(N-hydroxysuccinimide)为起始物,反应合成[4-(methyl) phenyl-2-propionyl-N-succinimido]-triphenylphosphoniumbromide (MPST),该MPST试剂具有如下结构式:
。
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