CN105137061B - 一种土壤中残留bt蛋白的原位酶联免疫定量检测方法 - Google Patents
一种土壤中残留bt蛋白的原位酶联免疫定量检测方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种土壤中残留Bt蛋白的原位酶联免疫定量检测方法,包括以下步骤:1)去除待测土样中的动植物残体,充分研磨,通过50‑60目筛子使得土壤粒径在0.2mm以下;2)将研磨后的土样在高压湿热条件下灭菌15‑20分钟;3)称取灭菌后的土样1‑2g,放入10ml离心管中进行清洗去除土壤杂质;4)对去除过杂质的土壤土样表面进行封闭;5)对封闭后的土壤土样进行抗体结合检测;本发明为监测Bt蛋白在土壤中的残留及其对土壤生态系统的影响提供了一条新的途径,而且本方法不仅仅可以用于土壤bt蛋白的检测,在更换不同的抗体后更可以用于检测各种土壤中的残留蛋白含量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及蛋白检测技术领域,具体涉及一种土壤中残留Bt蛋白的原位酶联免疫定量检测方法。
背景技术
近年来,随着转Bt作物种植面积的不断扩大,其对生态环境的潜在风险也日益成为国内外专家和学者研究的热点。转Bt作物在种植以后,在其整个生长期内,会通过根系分泌物、花粉、植物残茬向土壤释放Bt毒素,这些分泌的Bt毒素会被土壤中的粘土矿物和腐殖质等表面活性颗粒吸附,且该结合态毒素仍具有较强的杀虫活性,在土壤环境中可长时间存留。土壤是生态系统中物质循环和能量转化的重要场所,土壤中的动物和微生物种群对于土壤生态系统的物质降解和能量转换起着非常重要的作用。这些残留的毒素可能会对土壤中无脊椎动物、微生物种群产生潜在的毒性,影响土壤动物及微生物种群的多样性结构,从而破坏土壤的物质循环和能量转换。因此,研究转Bt基因植物毒蛋白在土壤中的残留和降解动态对于保护生态环境安全具有十分重要的意义。
目前,对于土壤中残留Bt蛋白的检测方法,主要通过提取液从土壤中提取Bt蛋白后进行ELISA法检测。目前提取土壤中残留Bt蛋白的方法主要有SDS法,碳酸盐法、人造蠕虫肠道蛋白提取液法、PBST试剂盒法等方法。上述这些方法在土壤残留Bt蛋白检测中发挥了一定的作用,但是也都存在一定的缺陷。现有的这些检测土壤bt蛋白的方法,均为先用提取液提取bt蛋白后,再进行检测,该方法操作简单,但是用于土壤这种吸附力很强的介质的时候,往往效果不会很理想,一些牢固吸附在土壤颗粒表面的bt蛋白很难被洗脱下来,因此不能反映土壤中Bt蛋白的真实残留含量。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明针对目前现有土壤Bt蛋白检测方法的弊端,研发出了一种新的直接在土壤颗粒表面进行原位酶联免疫定量检测bt蛋白的方法,该方法可以不经过提取直接精确检测出吸附于土壤颗粒表面的难提取bt蛋白,真实反映出土壤中Bt蛋白的残留情况。同时,结合现有的检测提取液中bt蛋白的方法,两者的数据相加,可以完整的得到土壤中bt蛋白的真实含量。本发明为监测Bt蛋白在土壤中的残留及其对土壤生态系统的影响提供了一条新的途径,而且本方法不仅仅可以用于土壤bt蛋白的检测,在更换不同的抗体后更可以用于检测各种土壤中的残留蛋白含量。
技术方案:为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种土壤中残留Bt蛋白的原位酶联免疫定量检测方法,包括以下步骤:
1)去除待测土样中的动植物残体,充分研磨,通过50-60目筛子使得土壤粒径在0.2mm以下;
2)将研磨后的土样在高压湿热条件下灭菌15-20分钟;
3)称取灭菌后的土样1-2g,放入10ml离心管中进行清洗去除土壤杂质;
4)对去除过杂质的土壤土样表面进行封闭;
5)对封闭后的土壤土样进行抗体结合检测:
5.1)向封闭后的土样中加入3ml反应液Ⅰ,充分摇匀后,水平置于摇床,室温,50rpm/min,孵育2h,期间每隔20min颠倒离心管数次,之后10000rpm/min离心5min,弃上清液;
5.2)加入洗涤液Ⅱ,充分摇匀后,水平置于摇床,室温,100rpm/min,震荡5min;之后10000rpm/min离心5min,弃上清液;
5.3)重复步骤5.2)三到五次;
5.4)加入3ml反应液Ⅱ,充分摇匀后,水平置于摇床,室温,50rpm/min,孵育1h,期间每隔20min颠倒离心管数次,之后10000rpm/min离心5min,弃上清液;
5.5)加入洗涤液Ⅱ,充分摇匀后,水平置于摇床,室温,100rpm/min,震荡5min;之后10000rpm/min离心5min,弃上清液;
5.6)重复步骤5.5三到五次;
5.7)加入新鲜配置的3ml TMB显色液,充分摇匀后,水平置于摇床,室温,100rpm/min,孵育30min,期间每隔10min颠倒离心管数次,孵育结束后加入2M硫酸1ml终止反应,之后10000rpm/min离心5min,取上清液于酶标仪450nm进行检测。
其中,上述步骤3)中去除土壤杂质步骤如下:
3.1)加入洗涤液Ⅰ3ml,充分摇匀后,水平置于摇床,室温,200rpm/min,震荡10min,之后10000rpm/min离心5min,弃上清液;
3.2)重复步骤3.1)一次;
3.3)加入洗涤液Ⅱ3ml,充分摇匀后,水平置于摇床,37℃,200rpm/min,震荡5min,之后10000rpm/min离心5min,弃上清液;
3.4)重复步骤3.3),直到上清液不再有泡沫。
其中,上述步骤4)中土样表面进行封闭步骤如下:
4.1)向洗涤后的土样中加入3ml封闭液,充分摇匀后,水平置于摇床,室温,50rpm/min,孵育1h,期间每隔10min颠倒离心管数次,之后10000rpm/min离心5min,弃上清液;
4.2)加入洗涤液Ⅱ,充分摇匀后,水平置于摇床,室温,100rpm/min,震荡5min;之后10000rpm/min离心5min,弃上清液;
4.3)重复步骤4.2)三到五次即可。
其中,上述洗涤液Ⅰ配方为:NaCl 137mmol/L,KCl 2.7mmol/L,Na2HPO410mmol/L,KH2PO42mmol/L,2%(m/v)SDS,0.2mmol/L EDTA。
其中,上述洗涤液Ⅱ配方为:NaCl 137mmol/L,KCl 2.7mmol/L,Na2HPO410mmol/L,KH2PO42mmol/L。
其中,上述封闭液配方为:NaCl 137mmol/L,KCl 2.7mmol/L,Na2HPO410mmol/L,KH2PO42mmol/L,8%m/vBSA,0.5%v/vTween-20。
其中,上述反应液Ⅰ配方:NaCl 137mmol/L,KCl 2.7mmol/L,Na2HPO410mmol/L,KH2PO42mmol/L,5%m/vBSA,0.5%v/vTween-20,0.5%v/vBt蛋白抗体。
其中,上述反应液Ⅱ配方:NaCl 137mmol/L,KCl 2.7mmol/L,Na2HPO410mmol/L,KH2PO42mmol/L,5%m/vBSA,0.5%v/vTween-20,0.05%v/vHRP标记二抗。
其中,上述TMB(3,3',5,5'-四甲基联苯胺)显色液的配制方法为:称取TMB(3,3',5,5'-四甲基联苯胺)20mg,用无水乙醇10ml溶解,充分振荡后加双蒸水定容到100ml,此为底物A;取一水柠檬酸2.1g,无水Na2HPO4 2.82g,0.75%的过氧化氢尿素0.64ml,双蒸水定容至100ml,此为底物B;使用时A:B各取1.5ml混匀。
有益效果:本发明为监测Bt蛋白在土壤中的残留及其对土壤生态系统的影响提供了一条新的途径,而且本方法不仅仅可以用于土壤bt蛋白的检测,在更换不同的抗体后更可以用于检测各种土壤中的残留蛋白含量。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明技术方案进行详细说明,但是本发明的保护范围不局限于所述实施例。
实施例1
本方案中所采用的土壤样品分别取自南京地区连续一年,两年和五年种植转Bt棉花和常规棉的棉田,采样地点为南京六合。
在棉花的花期,转Bt棉田与常规棉田随机采集土样,采用5点采样法,每块棉田设置5个采样点。每个取样点相距30~50m,在每个采样点周围随机选取5株棉花,在每株棉花的根际周围(距主根5cm内,距地表5~20cm)共取500g左右土壤,装入密封袋,作为一个试验样品。采集的样品带回实验室,-20℃冰箱保存待测。
取1-2g土壤,按如下步骤进行:
1.去除待测土样中的动植物残体,充分研磨,使得土壤粒径在0.2mm以下(可通过50-60目筛子);
2.土样在高压湿热条件下(103.4千帕蒸汽压,121.3℃)灭菌15-20分钟;
3.取灭菌后的土样放入10ml离心管中,按下述步骤去除土壤杂质:
3.1加入洗涤液Ⅰ(洗涤液Ⅰ配方:NaCl 137mmol/L,KCl 2.7mmol/L,Na2HPO410mmol/L,KH2PO42mmol/L,2%(m/v)SDS,0.2mmol/L EDTA)3ml,充分摇匀后,水平置于摇床,室温,200rpm/min,震荡10min。之后10000rpm/min离心5min,弃上清液;
3.2重复步骤3.1一次;
3.3加入洗涤液Ⅱ(洗涤液Ⅱ配方:NaCl 137mmol/L,KCl 2.7mmol/L,Na2HPO410mmol/L,KH2PO42mmol/L)3ml,充分摇匀后,水平置于摇床,37℃,200rpm/min,震荡5min。之后10000rpm/min离心5min,弃上清液;
3.4重复步骤3.3,直到上清液不再有泡沫。
4.按下述步骤对土样表面进行封闭:
4.1向洗涤后的土样中加入3ml封闭液(封闭液配方:NaCl 137mmol/L,KCl 2.7mmol/L,Na2HPO410mmol/L,KH2PO42mmol/L,8%(m/v)BSA,0.5%(v/v)Tween-20),充分摇匀后,水平置于摇床,室温,50rpm/min,孵育1h,期间每隔10min颠倒离心管数次。之后10000rpm/min离心5min,弃上清液;
4.2加入洗涤液Ⅱ,充分摇匀后,水平置于摇床,室温,100rpm/min,震荡5min;之后10000rpm/min离心5min,弃上清液;
4.3重复步骤4.2三到五次。
5.按下述步骤进行抗体结合检测:
5.1向封闭后的土样中加入3ml反应液Ⅰ(反应液Ⅰ配方:NaCl 137mmol/L,KCl2.7mmol/L,Na2HPO410mmol/L,KH2PO42mmol/L,5%(m/v)BSA,0.5%(v/v)Tween-20,0.5%(v/v)Bt蛋白抗体),充分摇匀后,水平置于摇床,室温,50rpm/min,孵育2h,期间每隔20min颠倒离心管数次。之后10000rpm/min离心5min,弃上清液;
5.2加入洗涤液Ⅱ,充分摇匀后,水平置于摇床,室温,100rpm/min,震荡5min;之后10000rpm/min离心5min,弃上清液;
5.3重复步骤5.2三到五次;
5.4加入3ml反应液Ⅱ(反应液Ⅱ配方:NaCl 137mmol/L,KCl 2.7mmol/L,Na2HPO410mmol/L,KH2PO42mmol/L,5%(m/v)BSA,0.5%(v/v)Tween-20,0.05%(v/v)HRP标记二抗),充分摇匀后,水平置于摇床,室温,50rpm/min,孵育1h,期间每隔20min颠倒离心管数次。之后10000rpm/min离心5min,弃上清液;
5.5加入洗涤液Ⅱ,充分摇匀后,水平置于摇床,室温,100rpm/min,震荡5min;之后10000rpm/min离心5min,弃上清液;
5.6重复步骤5.5三到五次;
5.7加入新鲜配置的3ml TMB显色液(TMB显色液配方:称取TMB 20mg,用无水乙醇10ml溶解,充分振荡后加双蒸水定容到100ml,此为底物A;底物B,取一水柠檬酸2.1g,无水Na2HPO4 2.82g,0.75%的过氧化氢尿素0.64ml,双蒸水定容至100ml。使用时A:B各取1.5ml混匀),充分摇匀后,水平置于摇床,室温,100rpm/min,孵育30min,期间每隔10min颠倒离心管数次。孵育结束后加入2M硫酸1ml终止反应。之后10000rpm/min离心5min,取上清液于酶标仪450nm进行检测;
对比例1
取1-2g土壤(土壤样本与实施例1一样),采取SDS法[ZL201010137168.9]进行Bt蛋白提取检测,按如下步骤:
1.取100g土壤样品,采用孔径为48μm的网筛过筛去除植物根系残体等杂质,称取5g过筛后的土壤样品置于研钵中,研磨1min使土壤颗粒细小均匀;
2.将0.5g研磨后的土壤样品置于2mL离心管中,加入1.5mL SDS提取液,置于涡旋混合仪上振荡1min,使其充分混合均匀;
3.将上述土壤悬浮液置于可控温摇床中,50℃下200r·min-1振荡4~16h;
4.将振荡后的离心管取出,迅速置于离心机中,12000r·min-1离心1~2min;
5.离心结束后,用微量移液器小心吸取离心管中的上清液,转入新的离心管中,该上清液即为含有Bt蛋白的溶液;
6.采用ELISA试剂盒对含有Bt蛋白的溶液进行定量。
实验结果:
本发明的土壤中残留Bt蛋白的原位酶联免疫定量检测方法与SDS法[ZL201010137168.9]提取土壤Bt蛋白的含量比较结果
表1两种方法提取棉田土壤Bt蛋白结果:
由上表可见,采用SDS法洗脱下来的土壤Bt蛋白只占土壤总Bt蛋白的百分之一左右,说明土壤中的Bt蛋白大部分是以吸附结合方式存在于土壤中,很难被洗脱下来,而采用本发明可以检测出这部分与土壤颗粒紧密结合的Bt蛋白,从而精确的测定出土壤中Bt蛋白真实的含量。
另外,通过检测种植不同年限的转Bt棉花棉田土壤后我们发现,土壤吸附的Bt蛋白含量并未随着种植年限的增长而增加,可能说明土壤对Bt蛋白的吸附及保护作用有一定的饱和量,Bt蛋白不会累积。
Claims (4)
1.一种土壤中残留Bt蛋白的原位酶联免疫定量检测方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)去除待测土样中的动植物残体,充分研磨,通过50-60目筛子使得土壤粒径在0.2mm以下;
2)将研磨后的土样在高压湿热条件下灭菌15-20分钟;
3)称取灭菌后的土样1-2g,放入10ml离心管中进行清洗去除土壤杂质;
4)对去除过杂质的土壤土样表面进行封闭;
5)对封闭后的土壤土样进行抗体结合检测:
5.1)向封闭后的土样中加入3ml反应液Ⅰ,充分摇匀后,水平置于摇床,室温,50rpm/min,孵育2h,期间每隔20min颠倒离心管数次,之后10000rpm/min离心5min,弃上清液;
5.2)加入洗涤液Ⅱ,充分摇匀后,水平置于摇床,室温,100rpm/min,震荡5min;之后10000rpm/min离心5min,弃上清液;
5.3)重复步骤5.2)三到五次;
5.4)加入3ml反应液Ⅱ,充分摇匀后,水平置于摇床,室温,50rpm/min,孵育1h,期间每隔20min颠倒离心管数次,之后10000rpm/min离心5min,弃上清液;
5.5)加入洗涤液Ⅱ,充分摇匀后,水平置于摇床,室温,100rpm/min,震荡5min;之后10000rpm/min离心5min,弃上清液;
5.6)重复步骤5.5三到五次;
5.7)加入新鲜配置的3ml TMB显色液,充分摇匀后,水平置于摇床,室温,100rpm/min,孵育30min,期间每隔10min颠倒离心管数次,孵育结束后加入2M硫酸1ml终止反应,之后10000rpm/min离心5min,取上清液于酶标仪450nm进行检测;
所述洗涤液Ⅱ配方为:NaCl 137mmol/L,KCl 2.7mmol/L,Na2HPO4 10mmol/L,KH2PO4 2mmol/L;
所述反应液Ⅰ配方:NaCl 137mmol/L,KCl 2.7mmol/L,Na2HPO4 10mmol/L,KH2PO4 2mmol/L,5%m/vBSA,0.5%v/vTween-20, 0.5%v/vBt蛋白抗体;
所述反应液Ⅱ配方:NaCl 137mmol/L,KCl 2.7mmol/L,Na2HPO4 10mmol/L,KH2PO4 2mmol/L,5%m/vBSA,0.5%v/vTween-20,
0.05%v/vHRP标记抗Bt蛋白抗体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种土壤中残留Bt蛋白的原位酶联免疫定量检测方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3)中去除土壤杂质步骤如下:
3.1)加入洗涤液Ⅰ3ml,充分摇匀后,水平置于摇床,室温,200rpm/min,震荡10min,之后10000rpm/min离心5min,弃上清液;
3.2)重复步骤3.1)一次;
3.3)加入洗涤液Ⅱ3ml,充分摇匀后,水平置于摇床,37℃,200rpm/min,震荡5min,之后10000rpm/min离心5min,弃上清液;
3.4)重复步骤3.3),直到上清液不再有泡沫;
所述洗涤液Ⅰ配方为:NaCl 137mmol/L,KCl 2.7mmol/L,Na2HPO4
10mmol/L,KH2PO4
2mmol/L,2%m/vSDS,0.2mmol/L EDTA。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种土壤中残留Bt蛋白的原位酶联免疫定量检测方法,其特征在于,所述步骤4)中土样表面进行封闭步骤如下:
4.1)向洗涤后的土样中加入3ml封闭液,充分摇匀后,水平置于摇床,室温,50rpm/min,孵育1h,期间每隔10min颠倒离心管数次,之后10000rpm/min离心5min,弃上清液;
4.2)加入洗涤液Ⅱ,充分摇匀后,水平置于摇床,室温,100rpm/min,震荡5min;之后10000rpm/min离心5min,弃上清液;
4.3)重复步骤4.2)三到五次;
所述封闭液配方为:NaCl 137mmol/L,KCl 2.7mmol/L,Na2HPO4 10mmol/L,KH2PO4 2mmol/L,8%m/vBSA,0.5%v/vTween-20。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种土壤中残留Bt蛋白的原位酶联免疫定量检测方法,其特征在于,所述TMB显色液的配制方法为:称取TMB 20mg,用无水乙醇10ml溶解,充分振荡后加双蒸水定容到100 ml,此为底物A;取一水柠檬酸2.1g,无水Na2HPO4 2.82g,0.75%的过氧化氢尿素0.64ml,双蒸水定容至100ml,此为底物B;使用时A:B 各取1.5ml 混匀。
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