CN105081330B - A kind of step-like bar of the ultra-fine cemented carbide of big L/D ratio and preparation method - Google Patents
A kind of step-like bar of the ultra-fine cemented carbide of big L/D ratio and preparation method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105081330B CN105081330B CN201510507309.4A CN201510507309A CN105081330B CN 105081330 B CN105081330 B CN 105081330B CN 201510507309 A CN201510507309 A CN 201510507309A CN 105081330 B CN105081330 B CN 105081330B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- ultra
- powder
- wax
- bar
- cemented carbide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Landscapes
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to powder metallurgical technology, more particularly to a kind of step-like bar of the ultra-fine cemented carbide of big L/D ratio and preparation method.The preparation method comprises the following steps：(1) superfine tungsten carbide powder and cobalt powder mixed grinding are obtained into compound powder；(2) Multi-component binder constituted by compound powder and by paraffin low molecule couplant high molecular polymer is uniformly mixed with out feeding；(3) feeding is injected to shaping base on injection machine；(4) solvent degreasing and thermal debinding are carried out successively to injection moulding base；(5) sintering obtains the step-like bar of the ultra-fine cemented carbide.The step-like bar alloy porosity of prepared ultra-fine cemented carbide is small, with high rigidity and high intensity, and diameter and dimensional discrepancy are in ± 0.03mm.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to powder metallurgical technology, more particularly to a kind of ultra-fine cemented carbide of big L/D ratio is step-like
Bar and preparation method.
Background technology
Ultra-fine Grained (WC grain degree≤0.5 μm) WC-Co hard alloy has high intensity, high rigidity and high-wearing feature, extensively
Applied to machine tool, mould and wear part, including metal cutting tool, wire drawing and press forming die, sealing ring, spray
The fields such as mouth.With ultra-fine cemented carbide it is compressing-sintering technology it is gradually ripe, its subsequent processing operations is more, difficulty
Greatly, the problems such as cost is high becomes increasingly conspicuous.
For manufacture (such as carbide drill, vertical milling of the complicated integral-rotation cutting tool of big L/D ratio, shape and structure
Knife, screw tap etc.), because it has the labyrinths such as screw thread, endoporus, it is impossible to directly obtained by conventional powder metallurgical method.Mesh
Before, ultra-fine cemented carbide bar is generally made using compacting-sintering or extruding-sintering process, later stage grinding is relied primarily on and grinds
Mill processing obtains finished product, and its difficulty of processing is big, manufacturing procedure is more, with high costs.
The major advantage of powder injection forming (PIM) is the inexpensive precision form that can realize complex shape part, energy
The severe service components of feature with complex shape are accurately manufactured, such as various outside groovings, external screw thread, cone-shaped inner surface and appearance
Face, cross bore and blind hole etc., and the part with features above can not be obtained by conventional powder metallurgical method.
At present, Powder Injection Molding Technology is remained in a series of problems applied to ultra-fine cemented carbide material.First,
Ultra-fine cemented carbide feeding intensity and density is low, poor fluidity, its injection process be a non-newtonian fluid non-isothermal, it is non-
Even, unstable state complex flow process, shows poor fluidity, setting rate soon, easily causes mold filling and is discontented with, blank is easily broken
Split, easily occur shorting, hole, deformation, fracture, flash, sandwich, density gradient, surface defect and the not first-class structure of green compact substance
Defect.Secondly, injection base skimming processes are a finely complicated physical and chemical processes, and powder size influences its defatting machine
System, ensures that the size shape and reasonable carbon content of degreasing base are very crucial in skimming processes.Finally, ultra-fine cemented carbide burns
Knot is gradually ripe, but stable obtain of the ultra-fine crystal WC-Co alloy with efficient shrinkage factor still has very big challenge.
If realize the PIM near-net-shapes of the step-like bar of ultra-fine cemented carbide, will produce important economic benefit and
Environmental benefit.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of step-like bar of the ultra-fine cemented carbide of big L/D ratio and preparation method, lead to
Following technical scheme is crossed to realize：
A kind of preparation method of the step-like bar of the ultra-fine cemented carbide of big L/D ratio, comprises the following steps：
(1) superfine tungsten carbide powder and cobalt powder of grain growth inhibitor (0.3wt%~1.0wt%) will be contained in proportion
Ball grinding cylinder is added, wet-milling 24h~100h is dried in vacuo or atomization drying after discharging, obtains compound powder；Wherein ultra-fine carbonization
The BET granularities of tungsten powder are 0.15 μm~0.60 μm；
(2) compound powder and the wax-based binder that step (1) is obtained successively are added in proportion in vacuum kneader, is stirred
Mix uniform, be configured to the uniform feeding that powder loading is 45%~57%；
(3) injection moulding：The feeding that step (2) is obtained injects shaping base on injection machine；
(4) solvent degreasing-thermal debinding：The shaping base that step (3) is obtained carries out solvent degreasing-thermal debinding, successively will be molten
Agent and wax-based binder removing, obtain degreasing base；
(5) sinter：The degreasing base that step (4) is obtained is sintered in vacuum dewaxing-sintering furnace or pressurized sintering furnace,
Obtain the step-like bar of ultra-fine cemented carbide.
Further, the grain growth inhibitor is vanadium carbide (VC), chromium carbide (Cr3C2), ramet (TaC) and carbon
Change the one or more in niobium (NbC).
Further, the mass percent of the superfine tungsten carbide powder and cobalt powder is (96:4)~(85:15).
Further, the wax-based binder is made up of paraffin, high molecular polymer and low molecule couplant；Each component
Constitute and weight/mass percentage composition is：Paraffin is the high paraffin refined wax of Tai Er hard alloy, accounts for 60%~70%；High molecular polymer is height
One or more in density polyethylene, polypropylene, low density polyethylene (LDPE) and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, are accounted for altogether
20%~40%；Low molecule couplant be stearic acid, o-phthalic acid dibutyl ester and dibutyl phthalate in one kind or
More than one, account for 5%~15% altogether.
Further, the concrete operations of step (2) are：A. high molecular polymer is added in vacuum kneader, every
5min is secondary in three batches to add compound powder；B. the high paraffin refined wax of secondary addition Tai Er hard alloy in two batches；C. low molecule coupling is added
Mixture；Melting temperature is 120~150 DEG C, and mixing time is 2~4h.
Further, in step (3), during injection moulding, injection temperature is 120 DEG C~165 DEG C, and injection pressure is 20MPa
~120Mpa；The shaping base size is φ 2.8mm × (4~10mm)/φ 2.2mm × (10~26mm).
Further, in step (4), during solvent degreasing, solvent is gasoline or normal heptane, and solvent temperature is 30 DEG C~45
DEG C, degreasing rate is 50%~68%；During thermal debinding, maximum temperature and soaking time are respectively 500 DEG C~650 DEG C, 30min~
120min, protective atmosphere is H2、N2, one or more in Ar.
A kind of step-like bar of ultra-fine cemented carbide of the big L/D ratio obtained according to above-mentioned preparation method, it is described to greatly enhance
Footpath than the step-like bar of ultra-fine cemented carbide alloy porosity A02B00C00, WC grain degree be 0.20 μm~0.40 μm,
Diameter and length dimension deviation are ± 0.03mm.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：Instant invention overcomes prior powder metallurgy die forming and existing powder injection forming
Deficiency, the hard alloy with complex shape such as water knife blast tube, screw tap, milling cutter that not only can be for preparing big L/D ratio
Near-net-shape product, and efficiently solve the key technologies such as feeding skewness of the prior art and size Control；This hair
It is bright not only to have saved the mineral resources of preciousness, and difficulty of processing is greatly reduced, with good economic benefit and Environmental Effect
Benefit.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1：A kind of ultra-fine cemented carbide injection base schematic shapes in the present invention, numerical value shown in Fig. 1 is actual mould
Has size；
Fig. 2：The microstructure figure of Ultra-fine Grained WC-10Co hard alloy bars in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 3：The microstructure figure of Ultra-fine Grained WC-12Co hard alloy bars in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is described further with reference to embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of the Ultra-fine Grained WC-10Co Carbide Step shape bars of big L/D ratio：
(1) vanadium carbide (VC, 0.35wt%), chromium carbide (Cr will be contained3C2, 0.45wt%) superfine tungsten carbide powder and
Cobalt powder is proportionally added into ball milling filling, and wet-milling 30h is dried in vacuo after discharging, and sieve 320 mesh, obtains compound powder；It is wherein ultra-fine
Tungsten-carbide powder BET granularities are 0.60 μm, and Co contents are 10%；
(2) choose each component composition of wax-based binder and the weight/mass percentage composition of each component is：Wax closes for Tai Er hard
The high paraffin refined wax of gold, accounts for 63% altogether；Polyphosphazene polymer is combined into high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, accounts for altogether
30%；Low molecule couplant is stearic acid, o-phthalic acid dibutyl ester, and 7% is accounted for altogether.
(3) the compound powder for obtaining the wax-based binder of step (2) and step (1) in vacuum kneader is mixed
Refining：High molecular polymer is firstly added, every the 5min compound powders that secondary addition step (1) obtains in three batches, secondly, is divided to two
Batch adds the high paraffin refined wax of Tai Er hard alloy described in (2), is eventually adding low molecule couplant, and melting temperature is 150 DEG C,
Mixing time is 3h, obtains the uniform feeding that compound powder useful load is 49%；
(4) feeding for obtaining step (3) injects shaping base on injection machine, and base injection temperature is 145 DEG C, note
Injection pressure is 100MPa, and shaping base size is φ 2.8mm × 10mm/ φ 2.2mm × 26mm；
(5) the injection base for obtaining step (4) obtains degreasing base after carrying out solvent degreasing-thermal debinding.Solvent degreasing process
In, solvent is normal heptane；Solvent temperature is 40 DEG C, and its degreasing rate is 65% or so；During thermal debinding, maximum temperature and Qi Bao
The warm time is respectively 550 DEG C, 60min, and protective atmosphere is H2；
(6) the degreasing base for obtaining step (5) is sintered in vacuum atmosphere sintering integrated furnace, obtains Ultra-fine Grained WC-10Co
Carbide Step shape bar.
The microstructures of Ultra-fine Grained WC-10Co Carbide Step shape bars in the present embodiment 1 is as shown in Fig. 2 WC
Grain size is 0.29 μm, alloy porosity A02B00C00, HV10Hardness is 1728, bending strength intensity be 1810MPa, diameter and
Length dimension deviation is ± 0.03mm.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of the Ultra-fine Grained WC-12Co Carbide Step shape bars of big L/D ratio：
(1) chromium carbide (Cr will be contained3C2, 0.35wt%) superfine tungsten carbide powder and cobalt powder be proportionally added into ball milling filling,
Wet-milling 48h, is dried in vacuo after discharging, and sieve 320 mesh, obtains compound powder；Wherein superfine tungsten carbide powder BET granularities are
0.32 μm, Co contents are 12%；
(2) choose each component composition of wax-based binder and the weight/mass percentage composition of each component is：Wax closes for Tai Er hard
The high paraffin refined wax of gold, accounts for 63% altogether；Polyphosphazene polymer is combined into high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene, and 30% is accounted for altogether；Low molecule couplant is hard
Resin acid, o-phthalic acid dibutyl ester, account for 7% altogether.
(3) the compound powder for obtaining the wax-based binder of step (2) and step (1) in vacuum kneader is mixed
Refining：High molecular polymer is firstly added, every the 5min compound powders that secondary addition step (1) obtains in three batches, secondly, is divided to two
Batch adds the high paraffin refined wax of Tai Er hard alloy described in (2), is eventually adding low molecule couplant, and melting temperature is 150 DEG C,
Mixing time is 3h, obtains the uniform feeding that compound powder useful load is 49%；
(4) feeding for obtaining step (3) injects shaping base on injection machine, and base injection temperature is 140 DEG C, note
Injection pressure is 80MPa, and shaping base size is φ 2.8mm × 10mm/ φ 2.2mm × 26mm；
(5) the injection base for obtaining step (4) obtains degreasing base after carrying out solvent degreasing-thermal debinding.Solvent degreasing process
In, solvent is normal heptane；Solvent temperature is 35 DEG C, and its degreasing rate is 65% or so；During thermal debinding, maximum temperature and Qi Bao
The warm time is respectively 500 DEG C, 90min, and protective atmosphere is N2And H2；
(6) the degreasing base for obtaining step (5) is sintered in vacuum atmosphere sintering integrated furnace, obtains Ultra-fine Grained WC-12Co
Carbide Step shape bar.
A kind of microstructure of the Ultra-fine Grained WC-12Co Carbide Step shape bars of big L/D ratio in the present embodiment 2
As shown in figure 3, WC grain size is 0.28 μm, alloy porosity A02B00C00, HV10Hardness is 1591, and bending strength intensity is
1449MPa, diameter and length dimension deviation are ± 0.03mm.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of preparation method of the step-like bar of the ultra-fine cemented carbide of big L/D ratio, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
(1) superfine tungsten carbide powder and cobalt powder containing grain growth inhibitor 0.3wt%~1.0wt% are proportionally added into ball
Mill tube, wet-milling 24h~100h, vacuum drying or atomization drying, obtain compound powder after discharging；Wherein, superfine tungsten carbide
The BET granularities at end are 0.15 μm~0.60 μm；The mass percent of the superfine tungsten carbide powder and cobalt powder is (90:10)~
(88:12)；
(2) compound powder and the wax-based binder that step (1) is obtained successively are added in proportion in vacuum kneader, stirring is equal
It is even, kneaded, be configured to the uniform feeding that powder loading is 45%~57%；The wax-based binder is by paraffin, high score
Sub- polymer and low molecule couplant composition；The paraffin is the high paraffin refined wax of Tai Er hard alloy, accounts for wax-based binder gross mass
60%~70%；The high molecular polymer is high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene, low density polyethylene (LDPE) and ethyl vinyl acetate second
One or more in alkene copolymer, account for the 20%~40% of wax-based binder gross mass altogether；The low molecule couplant
For the one or more in stearic acid, o-phthalic acid dibutyl ester and dibutyl phthalate, wax-based binder is accounted for altogether
The 5%~15% of gross mass；Concrete operations are：
A. high molecular polymer is added in vacuum kneader, every 5min in three batches it is secondary addition compound powder；
B. the high paraffin refined wax of secondary addition Tai Er hard alloy in two batches；
C. low molecule couplant is added；Melting temperature is 120~150 DEG C, and mixing time is 2~4h；
(3) injection moulding：The feeding that step (2) is obtained injects shaping base on injection machine, and injection temperature is 120 DEG C
~165 DEG C, injection pressure is 80MPa~100Mpa, and the shaping base size is
(4) solvent degreasing-thermal debinding：The injection base that step (3) is obtained carries out solvent degreasing-thermal debinding, successively by solvent and
Wax-based binder is removed, and obtains degreasing base；
(5) sinter：The degreasing base that step (4) is obtained is sintered in vacuum dewaxing-sintering furnace or pressurized sintering furnace, is obtained
The step-like bar of ultra-fine cemented carbide.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the grain growth inhibitor is vanadium carbide, carbonization
One or more in chromium, ramet and niobium carbide.
3. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (4), during solvent degreasing, solvent is gasoline
Or normal heptane, solvent temperature is 30 DEG C~45 DEG C, and degreasing rate is 50%~68%；During thermal debinding, maximum temperature and soaking time
Respectively 500 DEG C~650 DEG C, 30min~120min, protective atmosphere is H2、N2, one or more in Ar.
4. a kind of step-like bar of ultra-fine cemented carbide for big L/D ratio that preparation method is obtained according to claim 1,
Characterized in that, the alloy porosity A02B00C00 of the step-like bar of the ultra-fine cemented carbide of the big L/D ratio, WC grain
Spend for 0.28 μm~0.29 μm, diameter and length dimension deviation are ± 0.03mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510507309.4A CN105081330B (en) | 2015-08-18 | 2015-08-18 | A kind of step-like bar of the ultra-fine cemented carbide of big L/D ratio and preparation method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510507309.4A CN105081330B (en) | 2015-08-18 | 2015-08-18 | A kind of step-like bar of the ultra-fine cemented carbide of big L/D ratio and preparation method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105081330A CN105081330A (en) | 2015-11-25 |
| CN105081330B true CN105081330B (en) | 2017-08-04 |
Family
ID=54563171
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510507309.4A Active CN105081330B (en) | 2015-08-18 | 2015-08-18 | A kind of step-like bar of the ultra-fine cemented carbide of big L/D ratio and preparation method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN105081330B (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106282625A (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2017-01-04 | 江苏省海洋资源开发研究院(连云港) | A kind of near-net-shape method of ultra-fine cemented carbide |
| CN107052346A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-08-18 | 江苏精研科技股份有限公司 | The preparation technology of powder injection forming tungsten-nickel hard alloy |
| CN108034847A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-05-15 | 苏州欧美克合金工具有限公司 | A kind of hard alloy degreasing of graphene modification, sintering process |
| CN107952965B (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2020-09-29 | 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of plum blossom inner hexagonal punch needle and needle head |
| CN108057894B (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2019-11-15 | 鑫京瑞钨钢（厦门）有限公司 | A kind of gradient hard alloy pole |
| CN109365821B (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2020-11-20 | 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 | Nanocrystalline hard alloy bar with inner hole and preparation method thereof |
| CN109321802A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-02-12 | 湖南工业大学 | A kind of high temperature resistant high-wearing feature hard alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN109504868A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-03-22 | 湖南工业大学 | A kind of mine tool hard alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN109317680A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-02-12 | 湖南工业大学 | A kind of hard alloy and preparation method thereof suitable for Gear Processing |
| CN109226741A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-18 | 湖南工业大学 | A kind of hard alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN109321799A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-02-12 | 湖南工业大学 | A kind of mold hard alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN109355522A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-02-19 | 湖南工业大学 | A kind of novel hard alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN109234596A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-18 | 湖南工业大学 | A kind of hard alloy and its preparation method and application |
| CN109396451A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-01 | 赣州海盛硬质合金有限公司 | A kind of production technology of machining hard alloy bar |
| CN112661514B (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2022-08-19 | 厦门钨业股份有限公司 | Preparation method and mold of water jet sand pipe for ultrahigh pressure water cutting |
| CN117020198B (en) * | 2023-10-08 | 2023-12-08 | 华南理工大学 | Metal injection molding feed of kovar alloy |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102223971A (en) * | 2008-11-21 | 2011-10-19 | 山高刀具公司 | Method for producing cemented carbide or cermet products |
| CN102325912A (en) * | 2009-02-18 | 2012-01-18 | 山高刀具公司 | Method for making cemented carbide products |
| CN103790520A (en) * | 2012-11-02 | 2014-05-14 | 喜利得股份公司 | Drill bit and method for manufacturing same |
-
2015
- 2015-08-18 CN CN201510507309.4A patent/CN105081330B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102223971A (en) * | 2008-11-21 | 2011-10-19 | 山高刀具公司 | Method for producing cemented carbide or cermet products |
| CN102325912A (en) * | 2009-02-18 | 2012-01-18 | 山高刀具公司 | Method for making cemented carbide products |
| CN103790520A (en) * | 2012-11-02 | 2014-05-14 | 喜利得股份公司 | Drill bit and method for manufacturing same |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 超细WC-6%Co注射坯的脱脂工艺研究;谢兴铖等;《硬质合金》;20141231;第31卷(第6期);340-346 * |
| 超细WC-Co硬质合金注射成形的研究进展;谢兴铖等;《材料导报》;20121231;第26卷(第12期);99-103 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105081330A (en) | 2015-11-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105081330B (en) | A kind of step-like bar of the ultra-fine cemented carbide of big L/D ratio and preparation method | |
| CN100519010C (en) | Method of producing hard alloy rotatable special-shaped blade | |
| CN102825254B (en) | Diamond bead string and manufacturing method thereof as well as rope saw without base body supporting layer | |
| CN105478776B (en) | A kind of method that low-temperature sintering prepares high-compactness pure tungsten product | |
| CN110976878B (en) | Preparation method of diamond wire saw bead based on metal powder extrusion molding | |
| CN109396451A (en) | A kind of production technology of machining hard alloy bar | |
| CN106312074B (en) | A kind of preparation method of the preforming cutter groove solid tool base substrate of ultra-fine cemented carbide | |
| CN109338193B (en) | Coreless-ring structure metal ceramic alloy and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106735186A (en) | A kind of method that 3D printing isostatic cool pressing prepares titanium alloy multi-stage gear | |
| CN109321805B (en) | Hard alloy with cobalt content in gradient distribution and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104711442A (en) | Method for manufacturing hard alloy by 3D printing | |
| CN105499574A (en) | Method for preparing specially-shaped porous tungsten product with uniform pores | |
| CN107321990B (en) | A kind of hard metal article and preparation method thereof and the device for preparing hard metal article | |
| CN104308163A (en) | Screw and powder injection molding method thereof | |
| CN102717081A (en) | Method for preparing miniature mold by powder micro injection forming method | |
| WO2010135859A1 (en) | Accurate shaping method for metal ceramic material | |
| CN106282625A (en) | A kind of near-net-shape method of ultra-fine cemented carbide | |
| CN107058826B (en) | A kind of precision fixture of machine tool alloy and preparation method thereof | |
| CN110181059A (en) | A kind of method of co-injection near-net-shape ultra-fine cemented carbide cutter green body | |
| CN109550939A (en) | For the injection molding binder of digital cuttings and feeding preparation method | |
| CN109926589A (en) | The injection moulding method and mold of ultra-fine cemented carbide CNC turning tool | |
| CN109894619A (en) | The injection moulding method and mold of ultra-fine cemented carbide CNC milling cutter | |
| KR101995377B1 (en) | Method for preparing tungsten-molybdenum alloy | |
| CN104532040A (en) | Cemented carbide composite molding method | |
| CN105665710B (en) | A kind of direct forming consolidation method of carboloy nozzle |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20190626 Address after: 101407 No. 11 Xingke East Street, Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou District, Beijing Patentee after: Research Institute of engineering and Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: No. 2, Xinjie street, Xicheng District, Beijing, Beijing Patentee before: General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals |