CN105085111A - Biological-organic fertilizer special for corn and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Biological-organic fertilizer special for corn and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105085111A CN105085111A CN201510492114.7A CN201510492114A CN105085111A CN 105085111 A CN105085111 A CN 105085111A CN 201510492114 A CN201510492114 A CN 201510492114A CN 105085111 A CN105085111 A CN 105085111A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biological-organic fertilizer special for corn and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of crop formula fertilizers. The biological-organic fertilizer special for the corn is prepared form, seaweed extracts, urea, ammonium polyphosphate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate monohydrate, EDTA chelate ferrum, EDTA chelate manganese, EDTA chelate zinc, EDTA chelate cuprum, boric acid, ammonium molybdae and fulvic acid potassium. The raw materials all adopts commercially available materials except that the seaweed extracts are produced by Stanley Fertilizer Limited Company. The prepared fertilizer is comprehensive in nutrition, scientific and reasonable in formula, water-soluble, easy to apply and capable of improving soil and effectively promoting the growth of crops by combining quick acting and long acting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural fertilizer technical field, particularly relate to a kind of biological organic type corn fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Corn is one of staple food crop of China, and its biological yield is high, and fertilizer requirement is large, and scientific and reasonable fertilising is the importance of high yield, high-quality, high-efficient development Maize Production.Zinc is the required nutrient of plant growth, and when corn lacks zinc, leaf photosynthesis weakens, and growth is suppressed, blade atrophy, distortion, and blade and blade meat tissue is thinning, and between vein, minus green or albefaction, very easily occur mosaic disease, affects crop yield.Scarce zinc has become the bottleneck of increasing crop yield and the global problem of crop yield raising.
At present owing to using fertilizer and pesticide in a large number, soil quality worse and worse, more and more hardens, and in order to improve soil quality, makes soil soft fertile, just needs to use more soil ulmin and organic fertilizer.Biological organic fertilizer refers to microorganisms with specific functions and is mainly originate and have the fertilizer of microbial fertilizer and fertilizer effect through the class that harmless treatment, the organic materials that becomes thoroughly decomposed are composited concurrently with plant and animal residues (as feces of livestock and poultry, agricultural crop straw etc.).Biological organic fertilizer has following advantage compared with chemical fertilizer:
1, biological organic fertilizer nutritive element is complete; Chemical fertilizer nutritive element only has one or more;
2, biological organic fertilizer can improve soil; Chemical fertilizer often use can cause soil compaction;
3, biological organic fertilizer can improve product quality; Chemical fertilizer application too much causes product quality inferior;
4, biological organic fertilizer can improve rhizosphere microorganisms of crops group, improves the resistant to diseases and insects of plant; Chemical fertilizer is then that crop microbial population is single, easily disease and pest occurs;
5, biological organic fertilizer can promote the utilization of chemical fertilizer, improves chemical fertilizer utilization ratio; Chemical fertilizer is used alone and easily causes the fixing of nutrient and run off.
But existing biological organic fertilizer still exists some defects, long-term a large amount of use all can be able to threaten to environment and agricultural product quality, also may to HUMAN HEALTH or other biological generation potential threat.Specific as follows:
1, traditional biological fertilizer heavier containing salinity, easily make soil salinity characters, raise soil salt concentration, improve nutritive element to the fertilizer efficiency stagnation point of farm crop, increase rate of fertilizer application; Seed can be caused time serious not germinate, burn seedling, burn root.
2, there is the problem that micronutrient levels exceeds standard.In animal and fowl fodder, owing to adding the trace elements such as copper, iron, zinc, manganese, cobalt, selenium and iodine in a large number, make many microelement accumulations do not absorbed by livestock and poultry in feces of livestock and poultry.According to investigations, in the feed that some big-and-middle-sized livestock and poultry cultivation places use, heavy metal contamination is relatively more serious, and the content of copper, zinc, chromium, lead and cadmium generally exceedes national forage health standard or No-harmful apple orchard forage standard, and especially the murder by poisoning such as arsenic and mercury element also exceeds standard individually.
3, because impurity is more, purity deviation is very big, and content extremely unstable, cannot ensure to use nutrient content and effect.In addition, by poor management, the pollution of fertilizer amount and factor all can inevitably cause soil, the air such as application process is improper, and be detrimental to health, form very large negative impact.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention is according to corn growth and nutrient uptake feature, a kind of biological organic type corn fertilizer and preparation method thereof is provided, this fertilizer can not only provide the nutrient needed for crop, and well can also reduce incidence of insect disease, reduce the use of agricultural chemicals, thus improve crop yield and quality.
Concrete, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of biological organic type corn fertilizer, comprises following component: stalk mixture, marine alga slag, edible mushrooms waste mushroom stick, humic acids, amino acid, EDTA chelating medium trace element, complex micro organism fungicide.The weight part of above-mentioned raw materials component is:
Stalk mixture 10-60 part,
Marine alga slag 5-25 part,
Edible mushrooms waste mushroom stick 10-40 part,
Humic acids 5-20 part,
Amino acid/11-25 parts,
EDTA chelating medium trace element 5-10 part,
Complex micro organism fungicide 1-10 part;
Wherein:
Described stalk mixture is that corn, wheat stalk are obtained through pulverizing, and moisture content is 5-10%;
Described marine alga slag extracts marine alga active substance by enzymic fermentation technology, is separated by seaweed extracted liquor after having fermented with marine alga slag, carried out by marine alga slag drying, pulverization process, and obtaining fineness is 80-100 object black powder, organic content 63%;
Described edible mushrooms waste mushroom stick is the bacterium rod that production edible mushrooms is finished, and organic content is 25% ~ 55%;
Described humic acids molecular weight is 2000 ~ 5000, and outward appearance is brown-black powder shape, in butt humic acids content >=45%;
Described EDTA chelating medium trace element is the mixture of EDTA chelated magnesium, EDTA chelated zinc, EDTA chelated iron, in Powdered;
Described complex micro organism fungicide is the weight ratio of screening is cellulose-degrading bacteria: lignin-degrading bacteria: deodorizing bacterium: root nodule bacterium: vinelandii: the microbial inoculum of phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria=3:3:2:1:3:3:2.
The biological organic type corn fertilizer of the present invention, preferred feed composition is as follows further, is weight part:
Stalk mixture 25-50 part,
Marine alga slag 8-15 part,
Edible mushrooms waste mushroom stick 15-30 part,
Humic acids 8-15 part,
Amino acid 5-20 part,
EDTA chelating medium trace element 8-10 part,
Complex micro organism fungicide 3-8 part.
The biological organic type corn fertilizer of the present invention, most preferred feed composition is as follows, is weight part:
35 parts, stalk mixture,
Marine alga slag 10 parts,
Edible mushrooms waste mushroom stick 20 parts,
Humic acids 10 parts,
Amino acid/11 2 parts,
EDTA chelating medium trace element 8 parts,
Complex micro organism fungicide 5 parts.
Preparation method of the present invention following (consumption is weight part):
(1) raw material comprehensive treating process
1. the harmless treatment of material: stalk mixture, marine alga slag, edible mushrooms waste mushroom stick are mixed in proportion and carry out the harmless treatment of material; Material surface after harmless treatment covers one deck edible mushrooms waste mushroom stick again, and wet heap 2-3 days carries out the harmless treatment of material;
2. material reduces water content process: by step 1. in the fermentation raw material piled up mix with a small amount of complex micro organism fungicide after put into fermenter, and carried out turning every 3-5 days, in the process of material intensification, the water content of 80%-90% can be reduced to 40%-50% like this, the energy expenditure that conservation is dried;
3. the activation treatment of material: 24h before Secondary Fermentation, use the concentration 5%NH4HCO3 solution of weathered coal weight 20%, gradation joins in weathered coal, after being stirred, load in the container of sealing, carry out chemical activation process, 12h stirs once, the weathered coal humic acid that can activate after 24h;
(2) one time fermentation
Stalk mixture, marine alga slag, edible mushrooms waste mushroom stick, amino acid, EDTA chelating medium trace element, complex micro organism fungicide are mixed in proportion stirring, after measuring the pH value of mixture, the pH value of mixture is regulated to be adjusted to 6.5-7.5, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25-35:1, obtains mixed fermentation material; Mixed fermentation material is dropped in fermenter and ferments, carry out first time turning when fermentation materials temperature is raised to 60-70 DEG C, altogether turning 3-5 time, reach abundant fermentation, leavening temperature will control at 40-60 DEG C, can obtain one time fermentation material, finally fermentation materials is broken, screening;
(3) Secondary Fermentation
The weathered coal humic acid after 5% activation is added in one time fermentation material, the heap body that 3-4m is high is piled after abundant mixing, temperature controls at about 60-70 DEG C, period turning 1-2 time, moisture content controls at 40-50%, within 5-7 days, namely obtain fertilizer, wherein the mixed weight ratio of each material is: one time fermentation material: humic acids=17:3;
(4) the rear use turnover throwing machine that fermented carries out circulation to material and throws loose, make material Temperature fall, transpiring moisture, when temperature of charge drops to weight percent content≤30% of the moisture in normal temperature, material, be the fertilizer fermented, i.e. biological organic type corn fertilizer.Excellent results of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention also possesses following excellent results:
1, nutrient is comprehensive, reasonable ratio
Product, in strict accordance with the regulation of fertilizer requirement of corn growth and Characteristics of Soil Nutrient scientific formula, meets the demand of corn to nutrient, and product Nutrient distribution is balanced, organic content is suitable for, and nitrogenous proportioning is high, and nutrient is comprehensive, reasonable ratio, can meet the demand to nutrient in corn planting process.
2, add medium trace element, promote photosynthesis, improve resistance
Research shows, per mu yield 100 kilograms of corn kernels, need to absorb purity nitrogen 2.2-2.8 kilogram, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 0.7-0.9 kilogram, potassium oxide 1.5-2.3 kilogram, denitrogenate, outside phosphorus, potassium three kinds of macroelement, also need the moderate-elements such as Calcium Magnesium Sulphur, the trace element such as Yi Jitie, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum and the auxiliary element such as silicon, aluminium.In three kinds of macroelement, secondly corn having the call to nitrogen be potassium, relatively less to the demand of phosphorus.And corn is to one of the most responsive field crop of trace element zinc, zinc participates in the formation of growth hormone in Corn, promote photosynthesis, improve resistance, when corn lacks zinc, growth hormone content reduces, cell walls can not extend, and growth is suppressed, blade atrophy, distortion, very easily there is mosaic disease, affect corn yield.Product of the present invention with the addition of Chelating state zinc specially, is easier to absorb.
3, soil is improved, culture fertility
Product of the present invention can increase the microflora in soil, alleviate the pollution of heavy metal in soil ion, slow down poisoning, in can improveing simultaneously, low productive soil physicochemical character, humic acids can activate nutrient, increase the content of soil with organic matter, available nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium, the solid, liquid, gas three improved in soil are compared.
4, effect of increasing production is good, and utilization rate of fertilizer is high
Product of the present invention significantly can increase corn yield, improves the utilization ratio of fertilizer particularly nitrogenous fertilizer.Urease inhibitor and the collaborative use of nitrification inhibitor, to urea-N transformation whole-process control, can effectively can reduce the volatilization of ammonia and the leaching loss of nitrate, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, through measuring and calculating, corn yield can improve 20%-25%, and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves 10%-20%.
The most important organic substance being just the increase in soil of application of organic fertilizers material, although its content only accounts for the some thousandths of of topsoil soils total amount to percentum, but it is the essential substance basis of soil fertility, very important impact is had on the nutrient in the structure of soil, soil, energy, enzyme, moisture, ventilation and microorganism active etc.: and the large energy that organic substance discharges in degradation process, make the growth of soil microorganisms, growth, breeding activity have the energy, be conducive to the absorptive character of raising soil, shock-absorbing capacity and anti-adversity; Application of organic fertilizers material adds the organic colloid in soil, cementing for soil particle, become stable crumb structure, improve the physics of soil, chemistry and biological nature, improve soil water-retaining, fertilizer conservation and permeability, for good edatope is created in plant-growth.Fertilizer decomposes in soil, transform and form various humic-acid-type substances, promote the synthesis of the enzymic activity in plant materials, material, transport and accumulation, humic acids is again a kind of polymer substance, and cation exchange capacity is high, has good cnmplexation adsorbability, heavy metal ion has good Absorptive complex wave effect, effectively can alleviate the murder by poisoning of heavy metal ion to crop, and stop it to enter in plant, this is very favourable to the green food of the free of contamination safety of production, health.Have fertile medicine economic benefits and social benefits, full nutrition, three large features of environmental protection, are applicable to the various crop that soil is planted.
Embodiment
According to following embodiment, the present invention may be better understood.But those skilled in the art will readily understand, concrete material proportion, using method and result thereof described by embodiment only for illustration of the present invention, and should can not limit the present invention described in detail in claims yet.
embodiment 1:
By the mix and blend such as stalk mixture 35g, marine alga slag 10g, edible mushrooms waste mushroom stick 20g, amino acid/11 2g, EDTA chelating medium trace element 8g, complex micro organism fungicide 5g, obtain mixed fermentation material; Dropped in fermenter by mixed fermentation material and ferment, carry out first time turning when fermentation materials temperature is raised to 60-70 DEG C, altogether turning 3-5 time, reach abundant fermentation, leavening temperature will control at 40-60 DEG C.One time fermentation material can be obtained.Finally fermentation materials is broken, screening.Then, in one time fermentation material, add the weathered coal humic acid after 10g activation, fully pile the high heap body of 3-4m after mixing, temperature controls at about 60-70 DEG C, period turning 1-2 time, and moisture content controls namely to obtain fertilizer at 40-50%, 5-7 days.
The rear use turnover throwing machine that fermented carries out circulation to material and throws loose, and making material Temperature fall, transpiring moisture, when temperature of charge drops to weight percent content≤30% of the moisture in normal temperature, material, is the fertilizer fermented.
embodiment 2:
By the mix and blend such as stalk mixture 40g, marine alga slag 9g, edible mushrooms waste mushroom stick 10g, amino acid/11 5g, EDTA chelating medium trace element 10g, complex micro organism fungicide 7g, obtain mixed fermentation material; Dropped in fermenter by mixed fermentation material and ferment, carry out first time turning when fermentation materials temperature is raised to 60-70 DEG C, altogether turning 3-5 time, reach abundant fermentation, leavening temperature will control at 40-60 DEG C.One time fermentation material can be obtained.Finally fermentation materials is broken, screening.Then, in one time fermentation material, add the weathered coal humic acid after 9g activation, fully pile the high heap body of 3-4m after mixing, temperature controls at about 60-70 DEG C, period turning 1-2 time, and moisture content controls namely to obtain fertilizer at 40-50%, 5-7 days.
The rear use turnover throwing machine that fermented carries out circulation to material and throws loose, and making material Temperature fall, transpiring moisture, when temperature of charge drops to weight percent content≤30% of the moisture in normal temperature, material, is the fertilizer fermented.
Above-described embodiment 1-2, just preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not used for limiting the scope of the present invention, therefore all equivalence changes done with content described in the claims in the present invention, all should be included within the claims in the present invention scope.
comparative example 1
Ordinary compound fertilizer
The effect of above embodiment, comparative example is as follows:
Experimental plot is located at the modern agriculture Demonstration Garden of applicant, and soil fertility is medium, has water to water condition; Soil type is sandy loam, organic 0.96%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 75ppm, and rapid available phosphorus 9.8ppm, available potassium 61ppm.
Examination corn variety is supplied to be Zheng Dan 958.
Three fertilizer treatment are established in test, and each processing area is 66.7m
2, with the common fertilizer of comparative example for processing 1, to use the biological organic type corn fertilizer of the embodiment of the present invention 1 preparation for processing 2, to use the biological organic type corn fertilizer of the embodiment of the present invention 2 preparation for processing 3, wherein every 666.7m
2apply fertilizer each 50kg, and not apply fertilizer as blank (CK), rotary tillage stubble-cleaning ridging, row spacing 40 centimetres, maize planting on ridge, line-spacing 50 centimetres, spacing in the rows 35 centimetres, planting density is 3810 strains.On June 12 2014 date of seeding, other management is with general land for growing field crops.On September 27 2014 harvesting time, after results, carry out yield assessment.
Contrast implementation result is specifically in table 1.
Table 1 Anatysis of Main Agronomic Traits of Maize and Yield compari@table
As can be seen from Table 1, use the biological organic type corn fertilizer of the present invention (process 2 and process 3), compared with common fertilizer (processing 1), every indexes of economic of corn growth is all apparently higher than process 1, especially the every economic characters processing 2 corn fertilizers reach optimum, particularly tassel row number, row grain number, fruit ear dry weight is respectively up to 19.8 row, 35.7, 268.2 gram, describe product Fertilizer nutrient of the present invention balanced, strong stress resistance, fertilizer efficiency is fast, crop absorption ratio is high, meet the nutrient condition needed for corn nourishment growth, be conducive to the reproductive growth promoting corn simultaneously, make fruit ear large and full, individual plant Ear weight increases.Compared with common fertilizer (processing 1), using the per mu yield of biological organic type corn fertilizer corn can increase 83.5-95.8kg, and amount of increase in production is 11.4-13.1%, reaches conspicuous level.Meanwhile, product of the present invention can also improve soil, culture fertility, therefore, in Maize Production, should vigorously promote the use biological organic type corn fertilizer, to promote corn with high yield stable yields.
The biological organic type corn fertilizer of the present invention is nutritional characteristic and the regulation of fertilizer requirement of foundation corn, develop in conjunction with the disease management strategy based on soil micro-ecosystem system, add microbiobacterial agent and pretreated humic acids, nutrient formula is reasonable, collection is prevented and treated soil-borne disease, increases crop yield, improves crop quality, is improved soil micro-ecosystem and one, utilization rate of fertilizer is high, has significant economy, society, environmental benefit, and especially the formula of embodiment 1 is more worthy to be popularized.
Claims (4)
1. a biological organic type corn fertilizer, is characterized in that, comprises following component: stalk mixture, marine alga slag, edible mushrooms waste mushroom stick, humic acids, amino acid, EDTA chelating medium trace element, complex micro organism fungicide,
The weight part of described component is as follows:
Stalk mixture 10-60 part,
Marine alga slag 5-25 part,
Edible mushrooms waste mushroom stick 10-40 part,
Humic acids 5-20 part,
Amino acid/11-25 parts,
EDTA chelating medium trace element 5-10 part,
Complex micro organism fungicide 1-10 part;
Wherein:
Described stalk mixture is that corn, wheat stalk are obtained through pulverizing, and moisture content is 5-10%;
Described marine alga slag extracts marine alga active substance by enzymic fermentation technology, is separated by seaweed extracted liquor after having fermented with marine alga slag, carried out by marine alga slag drying, pulverization process, and obtaining fineness is 80-100 object black powder, organic content 63%;
Described edible mushrooms waste mushroom stick is the bacterium rod that production edible mushrooms is finished, and organic content is at 25%-55%;
Described humic acids molecular weight is 2000-5000, and outward appearance is brown-black powder shape, in butt humic acids content >=45%;
Described EDTA chelating medium trace element is the mixture of EDTA chelated magnesium, EDTA chelated zinc, EDTA chelated iron, in Powdered;
Described complex micro organism fungicide is the weight ratio of screening is cellulose-degrading bacteria: lignin-degrading bacteria: deodorizing bacterium: root nodule bacterium: vinelandii: phosphate solubilizing bacteria: the microbial inoculum of potassium solubilizing bacteria=3:3:2:1:3:3:2.
2. biological organic type corn fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the weight part of described component is:
Stalk mixture 25-50 part,
Marine alga slag 8-15 part,
Edible mushrooms waste mushroom stick 15-30 part,
Humic acids 8-15 part,
Amino acid 5-20 part,
EDTA chelating medium trace element 8-10 part,
Complex micro organism fungicide 3-8 part.
3. biological organic type corn fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the weight part of described component is:
35 parts, stalk mixture,
Marine alga slag 10 parts,
Edible mushrooms waste mushroom stick 20 parts,
Humic acids 10 parts,
Amino acid/11 2 parts,
EDTA chelating medium trace element 8 parts,
Complex micro organism fungicide 5 parts.
4. the preparation method of the biological organic type corn fertilizer as described in any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that, comprise following preparation process:
(1) raw material comprehensive treating process
1. the harmless treatment of material: stalk mixture, marine alga slag, edible mushrooms waste mushroom stick are mixed in proportion and carry out the harmless treatment of material; Material surface after harmless treatment covers one deck edible mushrooms waste mushroom stick again, and wet heap 2-3 days carries out the harmless treatment of material;
2. material reduces water content process: by step 1. in the fermentation raw material piled up mix with a small amount of complex micro organism fungicide after put into fermenter, and carried out turning every 3-5 days, in the process of material intensification, the water content of 80%-90% can be reduced to 40%-50% like this, the energy expenditure that conservation is dried;
3. the activation treatment of material: 24h before Secondary Fermentation, use the concentration 5%NH4HCO3 solution of weathered coal weight 20%, gradation joins in weathered coal, after being stirred, load in the container of sealing, carry out chemical activation process, 12h stirs once, the weathered coal humic acid that can activate after 24h;
(2) one time fermentation
Stalk mixture, marine alga slag, edible mushrooms waste mushroom stick, amino acid, EDTA chelating medium trace element, complex micro organism fungicide are mixed in proportion stirring, after measuring the pH value of mixture, the pH value of mixture is regulated to be adjusted to 6.5-7.5, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25-35:1, obtains mixed fermentation material; Mixed fermentation material is dropped in fermenter and ferments, carry out first time turning when fermentation materials temperature is raised to 60-70 DEG C, altogether turning 3-5 time, reach abundant fermentation, leavening temperature will control at 40-60 DEG C, can obtain one time fermentation material, finally fermentation materials is broken, screening;
(3) Secondary Fermentation
The weathered coal humic acid after 5% activation is added in one time fermentation material, the heap body that 3-4m is high is piled after abundant mixing, temperature controls at about 60-70 DEG C, period turning 1-2 time, moisture content controls at 40-50%, within 5-7 days, namely obtain fertilizer, wherein the mixed weight ratio of each material is, one time fermentation material: humic acids=17:3;
The rear use turnover throwing machine that fermented carries out circulation to material and throws loose, make material Temperature fall, transpiring moisture, when temperature of charge drops to weight percent content≤30% of the moisture in normal temperature, material, be the fertilizer fermented, i.e. biological organic type corn fertilizer.
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