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CN105025817A - 外科器械端部执行器仓的安装特征结构 - Google Patents

外科器械端部执行器仓的安装特征结构 Download PDF

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CN105025817A
CN105025817A CN201480011050.8A CN201480011050A CN105025817A CN 105025817 A CN105025817 A CN 105025817A CN 201480011050 A CN201480011050 A CN 201480011050A CN 105025817 A CN105025817 A CN 105025817A
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end effector
jaw
nail bin
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warehouse
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CN105025817B (zh
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D·B·霍夫曼
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00367Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
    • A61B2017/00398Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like using powered actuators, e.g. stepper motors, solenoids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00477Coupling
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • A61B2017/07271Stapler heads characterised by its cartridge
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2927Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种外科器械,其包括主体、轴和端部执行器。所述端部执行器具有钉仓、下钳口、砧座和击发梁。所述钉仓包括仓体和下部仓托盘。所述仓体或所述下部仓托盘中的一者或两者包括至少一个凹口。所述下钳口被构造成能够与所述仓体联接且包括突起。在所述下钳口和所述钉仓联接在一起时,所述下钳口的所述突起与所述仓体和/或所述下部仓托盘的所述凹口对准。所述主体包括柄部部分和一系列致动器,所述致动器能够将所述砧座闭合在所述钉仓上并驱动所述击发梁以竖直地驱动多个钉。

Description

外科器械端部执行器仓的安装特征结构
背景技术
在一些情况下,内窥镜式外科器械可优于传统的开放式外科装置,因为较小切口可减少术后恢复时间和并发症。因此,一些内窥镜式外科器械可适于通过套管针的套管将远侧端部执行器放置在期望的手术部位处。这些远侧端部执行器(例如,内切割器、抓紧器、切割器、缝合器、施夹器、进入装置、药物/基因治疗递送装置、以及使用超声、RF、激光等的能量递送装置)可以多种方式接合组织,以达到诊断或治疗的效果。内窥镜式外科器械可包括轴,该轴位于端部执行器和由临床医生操纵的柄部部分之间。此轴可插入期望的深度并围绕轴的纵向轴线旋转,因此有利于端部执行器在患者体内的定位。还可通过添加一个或多个关节运动接头或特征结构而进一步有利于端部执行器的定位,使端部执行器能够选择性地进行关节运动,或者以其它方式相对于轴的纵向轴线偏转。
内窥镜式外科器械的示例包括外科缝合器。一些此类缝合器能够操作以夹紧压制组织的层,切割经过夹紧的组织的层,并驱动钉经过组织的层,以在组织的层的被切断的端部附近将切断的组织层基本上密封在一起。仅示例性的外科缝合器公开于:1989年2月21日公布的名称为“PocketConfiguration for Internal Organ Staplers”的美国专利4,805,823;1995年5月16日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapler and Staple Cartridge”的美国专利5,415,334;1995年11月14日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapler Instrument”的美国专利5,465,895;1997年1月28日公布的名称为“Surgical StaplerInstrument”的美国专利5,597,107;1997年5月27日公布的名称为“Surgical Instrument”的美国专利5,632,432;1997年10月7日公布的名称为“Surgical Instrument”的美国专利5,673,840;1998年1月6日公布的名称为“Articulation Assembly for Surgical Instruments”的美国专利5,704,534;1998年9月29日公布的名称为“Surgical Clamping Mechanism”的美国专利5,814,055;2005年12月27日公布的名称为“Surgical StaplingInstrument Incorporating an E-Beam Firing Mechanism”的美国专利6,978,921;2006年2月21日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling InstrumentHaving Separate Distinct Closing and Firing Systems”的美国专利7,000,818;2006年12月5日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling Instrument Having a FiringLockout for an Unclosed Anvil”的美国专利7,143,923;2007年12月4日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling Instrument Incorporating a Multi-Stroke FiringMechanism with a Flexible Rack”的美国专利7,303,108;2008年5月6日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling Instrument Incorporating a Multistroke FiringMechanism Having a Rotary Transmission”的美国专利7,367,485;2008年6月3日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling Instrument Having a Single LockoutMechanism for Prevention of Firing”的美国专利7,380,695;2008年6月3日公布的名称为“Articulating Surgical Stapling Instrument Incorporating a Two-Piece E-Beam Firing Mechanism”的美国专利7,380,696;2008年7月29日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling and Cutting Device”的美国专利7,404,508;2008年10月14日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling Instrument HavingMultistroke Firing with Opening Lockout”的美国专利7,434,715;2010年5月25日公布的名称为“Disposable Cartridge with Adhesive for Use with aStapling Device”的美国专利7,721,930;2010年10月21日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling Instrument with An Articulatable End Effector”的美国公布2010/0264193;和2012年9月20日公布的名称为“Motor-Driven SurgicalCutting Instrument with Electric Actuator Directional Control Assembly”的美国公布2012/0239012。上面所引用的美国专利和美国专利公布中的每一个的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
尽管上文所涉及的外科缝合器被描述为用于内窥镜式手术,但应当理解,此类外科缝合器也可用于开腹手术和/或其他非内窥镜式手术。仅以举例的方式,在胸廓外科手术中,外科缝合器可通过胸廓切开术插入,并由此位于患者肋骨之间以到达一个或多个器官,该胸廓外科手术不使用套管针作为缝合器的导管。此手术可包括使用缝合器来切断和闭合通向肺部的血管。例如,在从胸腔移除器官之前,可通过缝合器切断和闭合通向该器官的血管。当然,外科缝合器可用于各种其他情况和手术。
虽然已经制造和使用各种类型的外科缝合器械和相关部件,但据信在本发明人之前还无人制造或使用所附权利要求中描述的发明。
附图说明
并入本说明书并构成其一部分的附图示出了本发明的多个实施例,并且与上文所给出的本发明的一般描述和下文所给出的实施例的详细描述一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1示出了示例性关节运动式外科缝合器械的透视图;
图2示出了图1的器械的侧正视图;
图3示出了图1的器械的打开的端部执行器的透视图;
图4A示出了图3的端部执行器沿图3的线4-4截取的侧剖面图,其中击发梁处于近侧位置;
图4B示出了图3的端部执行器沿图3的线4-4截取的侧剖面图,其中击发梁处于远侧位置;
图5示出了图3的端部执行器沿图3的线5-5截取的端部剖面图;
图6示出了图3的端部执行器的分解透视图;
图7示出了图3的端部执行器的透视图,该端部执行器定位在组织处并且已经在组织中被致动一次;
图8示出了用于图1的器械的示例性控制电路的示意图;
图9示出了图1的器械的柄部组件的透视图,其中移除了一半外壳;
图10示出了来自图9的柄部组件的驱动组件部件的透视图;
图11示出了来自图10的驱动组件的细长构件的透视图;
图12示出了可与图1的器械一起使用的示例性可选端部执行器的分解透视图;
图13示出了图12的端部执行器的示例性钉仓近侧部分的详细透视图;
图14示出了图12的端部执行器示例性下钳口近侧部分的详细透视图;
图15示出了图12的端部执行器的分解透视图,其中图13的钉仓和图14的下钳口组装在一起;
图16示出了图12的端部执行器的详细透视图,其中图13的钉仓和图14的下钳口组装在一起;
图17示出了图12的端部执行器的详细顶视图,其中图13的钉仓和图14的下钳口组装在一起;并且
图18示出了图12的端部执行器沿图17的线18-18截取的详细剖面图;其中图13的钉仓和图14的下钳口组装在一起。
附图并非旨在以任何方式进行限制,并且可以设想本发明的各种实施例能够以多种其他方式来执行,包括那些不必在附图中示出的方式。结合于本说明书并构成其一部分的附图示出了本发明的若干方面,并与具体实施方式一起用于说明本发明的原理;然而,应当理解,本发明不限于所示出的精确布置。
具体实施方式
本发明的某些示例的如下描述不应被用来限制本发明的范围。通过以下举例说明设想用于实施本发明的最佳方式之一的描述,本发明的其它示例、特征结构、方面、实施例和优点将对本领域的技术人员显而易见。正如将会意识到的,本发明能够具有其它不同且明显的方面,只要不脱离本发明即可。因此,附图和具体实施方式应被视为实质上是示例性的而非限制性的。
I.示例性外科缝合器
图1-7示出示例性外科缝合和切断器械10,在图1中示出的非关节运动的状态下,其尺寸设定成经过套管针的套管插入患者的手术部位,以便执行外科手术。仅以举例的方式,此类套管针可被插入患者的腹部,位于患者的两个肋骨之间或其他地方。在一些情况下,器械10不使用套管针。例如,器械10可通过胸廓切开术或其他类型切口直接插入。本示例的器械10包括连接到轴22的柄部部分20。轴22在远侧终止于关节运动接头11中,该关节运动接头进一步与端部执行器12联接。应当理解,本文中使用的术语诸如“近侧”和“远侧”参照临床医生抓握器械10的柄部部分20而言。因此,端部执行器12相对于更近侧的柄部部分20位于远侧。还应当理解,为便利和清楚起见,本文结合附图使用空间术语,例如“竖直”和“水平”。然而,外科器械是在多个取向和位置中使用的,并且这些术语并非旨在进行限制,也并非绝对的。
在一些形式中,轴22是根据如下专利的教导内容中的一些构造的:与本文同一天提交的名称为“Surgical Instrument with Multi-Diameter Shaft”的美国专利申请[代理人案卷号END7181USNP.0599180],其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。根据本文的教导内容,轴22的其他合适的构型对于本领域普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
一旦关节运动接头11和端部执行器12插入经过套管针的套管通道,关节运动接头11就可以通过关节运动控件13向远处关节运动,如图1中的虚线示出的,使得端部执行器12可从轴22的纵向曲线LA以期望的角度(α)偏转。由此,端部执行器12可以从所需的角度或由于其他原因到达器官的后面或接近组织。在一些形式中,关节运动接头11能够使端部执行器12沿着单个平面偏转。在一些其他形式中,关节运动接头11能够使端部执行器沿着多于一个平面偏转。关节运动接头11和关节运动控件13可根据本文引用的多个参考中的任意参考中的教导内容来构造。另选地,关节运动接头11和/或关节运动控件13可具有任何其它合适的构型。仅以举例的方式,关节运动控件13可代替地构造为旋钮,该旋钮围绕垂直于轴22的纵向轴线LA的轴线旋转。
在一些形式中,关节运动接头11和/或关节运动控件13是根据如下专利的教导内容中的至少一些构造和操作的:与本文同一天提交的名称为“Surgical Instrument End Effector Articulation Drive with Pinion and OpposingRacks”的美国专利申请[代理人案卷号END7174USNP.0599176],其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。关节运动接头11也可根据如下专利的教导内容中的至少一些来构造和操作:美国专利申请[代理人案卷号END7181USNP.0599180],其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。考虑到本文的教导内容,关节运动接头11和关节控件13可以采用的各种其它合适的形式对于本领域普通技术人员而言将显而易见。
本示例的端部执行器12包括下钳口16和可枢转砧座18。可结合到下钳口16中的各种示例性组件、特征结构和可操作性将在下文中更详细地描述。砧座18可以根据以下专利的教导内容中的至少一些来构造:与本文同一天提交的名称为“Integrated Tissue Positioning and Jaw Alignment Featuresfor Surgical Stapler”的美国专利申请[代理人案卷号END7176USNP.0599177],其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;与本文同一天提交的名称为“Jaw Closure Feature for End Effector of Surgical Instrument”的美国专利申请[代理人案卷号END7177USNP.0599225],其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;和/或美国专利申请[代理人案卷号END7180USNP.0599175],其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。考虑到本文的教导内容,下钳口16和砧座18可以采用的各种其它合适的形式对于本领域普通技术人员而言将显而易见。
柄部部分20包括手枪式握把24和闭合触发器26。闭合触发器26能够朝着手枪式握把24枢转,以使得砧座18朝着端部执行器12的下钳口16夹紧或闭合。砧座18的此类闭合是通过闭合管32和闭合环33提供的,这两者响应于闭合触发器26相对于手枪式握把24的枢转而相对于柄部部分20纵向地平移。闭合管32沿着轴22的长度延伸;并且闭合环33在远侧定位到关节运动接头11。关节运动接头11能够操作以将纵向运动从闭合管32传送/传输到闭合环33。
柄部部分20也包括击发触发器28。细长构件136(示于图11中)纵向延伸经过轴22并响应于击发触发器28的致动而将纵向击发运动从柄部部分20传送至击发梁14。击发梁14的这种远侧平移使得端部执行器12中夹紧的组织被缝合和切断,如下文将更详细地描述的。然后,将触发器26、28释放以从端部执行器12释放该组织。
图3-6示出采用电子束形式的击发梁14来执行多种功能的端部执行器12。应当理解,电子束形式仅是例证性示例。击发梁14可采取任何其他合适形式,包括但不限于非电子束形式。如最佳见于图4A-4B,击发梁14包括横向取向的上部销38、击发梁顶盖44、横向取向的中部销46和处于远侧的切割刃48。上部销38被定位在砧座18的纵向砧座狭槽42内,并且能够在所述纵向砧座狭槽内平移。通过使击发梁14延伸经过下钳口狭槽45(示于图4B中),击发梁顶盖44以可滑动的方式接合下钳口16的下表面,下钳口狭槽是经过下钳口16形成的。中部销46以滑动的方式接合下钳口16的顶表面,从而与击发梁顶盖44协作。因此,击发梁14在击发期间必然隔开端部执行器12。
一些非电子束形式的击发梁14可缺少上部销38、中部销46、和/或击发梁顶盖44。器械10的一些此类形式可仅仅依靠于闭合环33或一些其他特征结构,以在击发梁14推进到远侧位置时,将砧座18枢转到闭合位置并将砧座18保持在闭合位置中。仅通过举例的方式,击发梁14和/或相关的闭锁特征结构可根据如下专利的教导内容中的至少一些来构造:与本文同一天提交的名称为“Lockout Feature for Movable Cutting Member ofSurgicalInstrument”的美国专利申请[代理人案卷号END7175USNP.0599231],其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。根据本文的教导内容,击发梁14可以采取的其他合适的形式对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
图3示出本示例的朝近侧定位的击发梁14和枢转到打开位置的砧座18,从而允许未耗尽的钉仓37可移除地安装到下钳口16的通道中。如最佳见于图5-6,本示例的钉仓37包括仓体70,该仓体呈现出上部平台72并与下部仓托盘74联接。如最佳见于图3,竖直狭槽49是经过钉仓37的一部分形成的。还最佳见于图3,三排钉孔51在竖直狭槽49的一侧上经过上部平台72形成,其中另一组三排钉孔51在竖直狭槽49的另一侧上经过上部平台72形成。当然,可提供任何其他合适数量钉排(例如,两排、四排、或其他数量)。重新参见图4A-6,楔形滑动件41和多个钉驱动器43被捕获在仓体70和托盘74之间,其中楔形滑动件41位于钉驱动器43近侧。楔形滑动件41能够在钉仓37内纵向地运动;而钉驱动器43能够在钉仓37内竖直地运动。钉47也被定位在仓体70内,处于对应的钉驱动器43上方。具体地,每个钉47在仓体70内被钉驱动器43竖直地驱动,以将钉47驱动穿出相关的钉孔51。如最佳见于图4A-4B和6,楔形滑动件41存在倾斜突起表面,当楔形滑动件41朝远侧驱动经过钉仓37时,该倾斜突起表面向上推动钉驱动器43。
在一些形式中,钉仓37根据以下专利的教导内容中的至少一些来构造和操作:美国专利申请[代理人案卷号END7176USNP.0599177],其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。除此之外或作为另外一种选择,钉仓37可根据下文提供的教导内容中的至少一些来构造和操作。根据本文的教导内容,钉仓37可采取的其他合适的形式对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
在通过朝远侧推进闭合管32和闭合环33以使端部执行器12如图4A-4B所示闭合的情况下,通过使上部销38进入纵向砧座狭槽42,将击发梁14推进至与砧座18接合。推块80(示于图5中)位于击发梁14的远侧端部处,并且被构造成能够接合楔形滑动件41,使得楔形滑动件41在击发触发器28被致动时随着击发梁14被朝远侧推进经过钉仓37,而被推块80朝远侧推动。在此类击发期间,击发梁14的切割刃48进入钉仓37的竖直狭槽49,从而切断夹紧在钉仓37和砧座18之间的组织。如图4A-4B所示,中间销46和推块80通过进入钉仓37内的狭槽49中来一起致动钉仓37,从而将楔形滑动件41驱动成与钉驱动器43发生向上顶起接触,继而将钉47向外驱动经过钉孔51并使钉47与砧座18的内表面上的钉成形凹坑53(示于图3中)形成接触。图4B示出在完成切断和缝合组织之后完全朝远侧平移的击发梁14。应当理解,钉成形凹坑53在图4A-4B的视图中被有意省略;但钉成形凹坑53示出于图3中。还应当理解,砧座18在图5中被有意省略。
图7示出端部执行器12,所述端部执行器已通过单个行程而被致动经过组织90。如图所示,切割刃48(图7中模糊部分)已经切穿组织90,同时在切割刃48形成的切割线的每一侧上,钉驱动器43已经使交替的三排钉47驱动经过组织90。在该示例中,钉47全部与切割线基本上平行地取向,但应当理解,钉47可被定位成任何适合的取向。在本示例中,在第一行程完成之后,端部执行器12从套管针撤回,用新的钉仓替换耗尽的钉仓37,然后将端部执行器12再次经过套管针插入,以到达缝合部位用于进一步的切割和缝合。这个过程可以重复,直到提供了期望量的切口和钉47。可能需要将砧座18闭合以有利于通过套管针来插入和撤回;并且可能需要将砧座18打开以有利于替换钉仓37。
应当理解,在每个致动行程期间,切割刃48可在钉47被驱动经过组织时基本上同时切断组织。在本示例中,切割刃48仅稍微落后于钉47的驱动,使得钉47正好在切割刃48经过组织之前被驱动经过该组织的相同区域,但应当理解,这个顺序可以颠倒,或者切割刃48可以直接与相邻的钉同步。虽然图7示出端部执行器12在组织90的两个层92,94中被致动,但应当理解,端部执行器12可被致动经过组织90的单个层或者组织的多于两个层92,94。还应当理解,与切割刃48产生的切割线相邻的钉47的成形和定位可基本上密封所述切割线处的组织,从而减少或防止切割线处的出血和/或其它体液的渗漏。此外,尽管图7示出端部执行器12在组织的两个基本上平的相反的平面层92,94中致动,但应当理解,端部执行器12也可在管状结构诸如血管、胃肠道的一部分等上致动。因此,不应将图7视为对端部执行器12的设想用途进行任何限制。根据本文的教导内容,可使用器械10的各种适合的情况和程序对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
应当理解,可以根据以下专利的教导内容中的任何内容来构造和操作器械10:美国专利4,805,823;美国专利5,415,334;美国专利5,465,895;美国专利5,597,107;美国专利5,632,432;美国专利5,673,840;美国专利5,704,534;美国专利5,814,055;美国专利6,978,921;美国专利7,000,818;美国专利7,143,923;美国专利7,303,108;美国专利7,367,485;美国专利7,380,695;美国专利7,380,696;美国专利7,404,508;美国专利7,434,715;美国专利7,721,930;美国公布2010/0264193;和/或2012/0239012。如上所述,这些专利中的每一个的公开内容均以引用方式并入本文。可提供用于器械10的附加示例性修改将更详细地描述于下文中。下述教导内容并入器械10中的各种适合方式对本领域的普通技术人员将显而易见。类似地,将下述教导内容与本文引用的专利/公布的各种教导内容进行组合的各种适合方式对本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。还应当理解,下述教导内容并不限于本文引用的专利中所教导的器械10或装置。下述教导内容可容易地施加于各种其他种类的器械,包括未被归类为外科缝合器的器械。根据本文的教导内容,可以应用下述教导内容的各种其它适合装置和情况对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
II.示例性机动化驱动特征结构
在本示例中,器械10提供对击发梁14的机动化控制。图8-11示出可被用来提供对击发梁14的机动化控制的示例性部件。具体地,图8示出示例性控制电路100,该控制电路可被用来从电池组104(同样示于图1-2)使用电力对电动马达102供电。电动马达102能够操作以将击发梁14纵向平移,如将在下文所详述。应当理解,整个控制电路100,包括马达102和电池组104,可被封装在柄部部分20内。图8示出作为打开的开关的击发触发器28,但应当理解,该开关在击发触发器28致动时是闭合的。本示例的电路100包括必须是闭合的以便使电路100完整的安全开关106,但应当理解,安全开关106仅仅是任选的。可通过致动柄部部分20上的分开按钮、滑块、或其他特征结构来使安全开关106闭合。
本示例的电路100还包括闭锁开关108,该闭锁开关默认是闭合的,但是被构造成能够响应于闭锁条件而自动打开。仅以举例的方式,闭锁条件可包括以下中的一者或多者:下钳口16中缺少仓37、下钳口16中存在耗尽的(例如,先前击发的)仓37、未充分闭合的砧座18、确定器械10已被击发很长时间、和/或任何其他合式的条件。根据本文中的教导内容,可以用来检测闭锁条件的各种传感器、算法和其他特征结构对本领域的普通技术人员是显而易见的。类似地,根据本文的教导内容,其他合适种类的闭锁条件对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。应当理解,电路100是打开的,因此,马达102在闭合开关108打开时不能够操作。闭锁指示器110(例如LED等)能够操作以提供对闭锁开关108的状态的视觉指示。仅以举例的方式,闭锁开关108、闭锁指示器110、和相关联的部件/功能可根据下述专利的教导内容中的至少一些来构造:2010年1月12日公布的名称为“Electronic Lockouts and Surgical Instrument Including Same”的美国专利7,644,848,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
一旦击发梁14到达最远侧位置(例如,在切割行程的末端),行程结束开关112自动转换到闭合位置,从而逆转施加到马达102的电压的极性。这逆转马达102的旋转方向,应当理解,操作者在该操作阶段将使击发触发器28释放。在该操作状态下,电流流过反向指示器114(例如LED等),以向操作者提供马达102方向已逆转的视觉指示。考虑到本文的教导内容,行程结束开关112在击发梁14到达最远侧位置时可自动切换到闭合位置的各种合适方式对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将显而易见。类似地,考虑到本文的教导内容,反向指示器114可以采用的各种合适的形式对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将显而易见。
本示例的柄部部分20还包括手动返回开关116,其也示于电路100中。手动返回开关116被构造成能够充当“紧急救助”(bailout)特征结构,使操作者在击发行程期间能够快速开始朝近侧回缩击发梁14。换句话讲,手动返回开关116在击发梁14仅已被部分地朝远侧推进时可手动致动。手动返回开关116可提供与行程结束开关112类似的功能性,即逆转施加到马达102的电压的极性,以由此逆转马达102的旋转方向。同样,该逆转在视觉上可通过反向指示器114来指示。
在一些形式中,开关28、106、108、112、116中的一者或多者为微型开关的形式。根据本文的教导内容,其它合适形式对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。除此之外或作为前述的代替,电路100的至少一部分可根据如下专利的教导内容中的至少一些来构造:2012年7月3日提交的名称为“Motor-Driven Surgical Instrument”的美国专利8,210,411,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
图9-11示出可被用来提供对击发梁14的机动化控制的各种机械部件。具体地,图9示出封装在柄部部分20的手枪式握把24中的马达102。应当理解,电池组104(示于图1-2中)也可位于手枪式握把24中(例如,在马达102下方)和/或柄部部分20内其他地方。马达102具有与齿轮组件122联接的驱动轴120。齿轮组件122具有外部壳体(未示出),并且能够操作以驱动上部齿轮126,示于图10中。上部齿轮126与小齿轮128啮合,小齿轮由固定在柄部部分20中的销129可旋转地支撑。因此,应当理解,马达102的激活将最终使小齿轮128在柄部部分20内旋转。
正如还在图9-10中示出,平移齿条130包括齿132,该齿与小齿轮128啮合使得齿条130在小齿轮128旋转时纵向平移。如图11中所示,齿条130与细长构件136联接,该细长构件延伸经过轴22并包括与击发梁14的近侧端部联接的远侧端部138。细长构件136在轴22内平移,使得细长构件136将齿条130的纵向运动传送到击发梁14。因此,应当理解,马达102的激活将最终使击发梁14在端部执行器12内平移。具体地,马达102可朝远侧驱动击发梁14以切断组织90,以及将钉47驱动到组织90中。开关致动臂134从齿条130侧向延伸,并且定位成在击发梁14到达最远侧位置(例如,在组织90已经被切断且钉47已经被驱动到组织90中后)时接合行程结束开关112。如上所述,与行程结束开关112的接合自动地逆转马达102使击发梁14从最远侧位置返回到近侧位置,使砧座18能够枢转远离下钳口16以释放组织90。
使用术语“枢转”(以及与作为基础的“枢转”类似的术语)不应被解读为必须要求围绕固定轴线进行枢转运动。在一些形式中,砧座18围绕由销(或类似的特征结构)限定的轴线枢转,该销(或类似的特征结构)在砧座18朝下钳口16移动时,沿着细长狭槽或通道滑动。在此类形式中,枢转轴线沿着由狭槽和通道限定的路径平移,而砧座18同时围绕该轴线枢转。除此之外或作为另外一种选择,枢转轴线首先可沿着狭槽/通道滑动,然后砧座18在枢转轴线已经沿着狭槽/通道滑动到某距离后围绕该枢转轴线枢转。应当理解,此类滑动/平移枢转运动包含在术语诸如“枢转(pivot/pivots/pivoting)”、“枢转的”、“能够枢转的”等内。当然,一些形式可提供砧座18围绕保持固定且不在狭槽或通道内平移的轴线的枢转运动等。
除此之外或作为前述的代替,可操作以驱动击发梁14的特征结构可根据如下专利的教导内容中的至少一些来构造:美国公布2012/0239012,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;和/或美国公布2012/0239012,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。考虑到本文的教导内容,用于提供击发梁14的机动的其它合适的部件、特征结构和构型对本领域普通技术人员而言将显而易见。还应当理解,一些其他形式可提供对击发梁14的手动驱动,使得省略马达。仅以举例的方式,击发梁14可根据本文引用的任何其他专利/公布参考的教导内容中的至少一些进行致动。
III.端部执行器的示例性可选钉仓和下钳口
作为上述器械10的端部执行器12的替代,示例性端部执行器200可与器械10一起使用。如图12所示,端部执行器200包括砧座268、下钳口240和钉仓210,分别代替上述的砧座18、下钳口16和钉仓37。
砧座268包括一系列钉成形凹坑(未示出),其以基本上类似于上述砧座18的方式构造和操作。
如最佳见于图13,钉仓210包括仓体214,该仓体具有上部平台215并且接收在通道(未示出)中并联接至下部仓托盘212。钉仓210还包括纵向延伸的竖直狭槽222,该竖直狭槽经过仓体214的一部分而形成。钉仓210还包括两行钉孔216,其在竖直狭槽222的一侧上经过上部平台215而形成,并且另一组两行钉孔216在竖直狭槽222的另一侧上经过上部平台215而形成。当然,可以使用任何其他合适行数的钉孔216。钉仓210如上文结合钉仓37所述起作用。通过钉仓210中楔形滑动件241的纵向运动将钉(未示出)从相关的钉孔216竖直驱赶出。这将驱动钉经过捕获在砧座268与上部平台215之间的组织,同时砧座268的成形凹坑形成钉以固定组织。
钉仓210的仓体214和下部仓托盘212分别包括向内延伸的凹口218,220。仓体214的凹口220在仓体214的近侧端部224处形成。下部仓托盘212的凹口218在下部仓托盘212的近侧端部226处形成。仓体214的凹口220和下部仓托盘212的凹口218在仓体214和下部仓托盘212联接在一起时被构造成能够对准。应当理解,凹口218,220可沿着仓体214和/或下部仓托盘212位于任何位置,本示例中的位置仅仅是一种可能的位置的一个示例。还应当理解,凹口218,220不需要同时存在于仓体214和下部仓托盘212中。如在本示例中,凹口218,220可结合到仓体214、下部仓托盘212中的任一者中,或同时结合到仓体214和下部仓托盘212中。最后,应当理解,在仓体214和/或下部仓托盘212中可使用任意合适数量的凹口218,220。
如最佳见于图14,下钳口240包括被构造成能够接收钉仓210的通道244。下钳口240被构造成能够与器械10联接,并以与上文所述器械10相关的下钳口16相同的方式起作用。此外,下钳口240包括突起242,所述突起从下钳口240的内表面247向内突出至通道244中。突起242基本上平行于下钳口240的基底。如图15-17所示,下钳口240的突起242在钉仓210和下钳口240联接在一起时被构造成能够与仓体214的凹口220以及下部仓托盘212的凹口218相配合。应当理解,突起242可沿着下钳口240位于任何位置,例如在下钳口240的基底处,并且本示例中的位置仅仅是一种可能的位置的一个示例。还应理解,可使用任意合适数量的突起242。
此外,下钳口240的突起242可阻止钉仓210沿着图16-18示出的箭头250指示的方向朝近侧滑动超出突起242,尤其是在钉仓210装载在下钳口240中时。如图17和图18所示,通过阻止钉仓210滑动超出突起242,钉孔216的末行217与楔形滑动件241之间始终保持间隙ΔA。另外,通过阻止钉仓210滑动超出突起242,楔形滑动件241与击发梁254之间始终保持间隙ΔB。保持间隙ΔB将能保持间隙ΔA,这是因为保持间隙ΔB可确保楔形滑动件241保持纵向静止,直到击发梁254被朝远侧驱动。此外,保持间隙ΔA,ΔB可阻止楔形滑动件241过早地朝远侧运动,从而阻止钉过早击发和/或过早闭锁。这是因为,在没有突起242和凹口218,220的情况下,在安装后或使用期间,钉仓210可朝近侧被推动到通道244中过深的位置。这可能会导致静止的击发梁254过早地朝远侧驱动楔形滑动件241,从而导致钉过早地被竖直驱赶出。钉的过早击发和/或楔形滑动件241的其他远侧运动可导致上述的闭锁情况,从而导致器械10不可用,直到将过早击发的钉仓210替换为未使用过的钉仓210。下钳口240的突起242还可在操作期间保持钉仓210的位置,防止在压缩组织和/或预装载钻座期间钉仓210从下钳口240中抬起。
突起242和凹口218,220可配合以提供“防错”机构,从而帮助改善产品功效和/或避免操作者误差或失误。如上所述,这是因为端部执行器200可阻止由于未正确安装钉仓210而引起的楔形滑动件241的过早远侧运动,从而只需很少或不需要操作者的努力或考量,即可防止钉的过早击发和/或过早闭锁。另外,突起242和凹口218,220可配合以提供编码/关键系统,从而防止具有不合适的尺寸/构造的钉仓210被装载到下钳口240中。换句话讲,不同形式的器械10可被构造成能够仅与具体种类的仓210一起操作。每个这种形式的器械10可具有唯一地被构造成能够仅与唯一构造的凹口218,220互补的突起242,所述凹口在合适形式的仓210中形成。
IV.其他方面
应当理解,本文所述的教导内容、表达方式、实施例、示例等中的任何一者或多者可与本文所述的其他教导内容、表达方式、实施例、示例等中的任何一者或多者相结合。上述教导内容、表达方式、实施例、示例等不应视为彼此孤立。参考本文教导内容,其中本文教导内容可结合的各种合适方式将对本领域的普通技术人员显而易见。此类修改和变型旨在包括在权利要求书的范围内。
应当理解,所述以引用的方式并入本文中的任何专利、出版物或其他公开材料,无论是全文或部分,仅在所并入的材料与本公开中给出的定义、陈述或者其他公开材料不冲突的范围内并入本文。同样并且在必要的程度下,本申请明确阐述的公开内容取代了以引证方式并入本申请的任何冲突材料。以引用方式并入本文但与本文所述的现有定义、陈述或其它公开材料相冲突的任何材料或其部分,仅在所并入的材料和现有的公开材料之间不产生冲突的程度下并入本文。
上文所述的装置的形式可适用于由医疗专业人员进行的常规医疗处理和手术中、以及可适用于机器人辅助的医疗处理和手术中。仅以举例的方式,本文的各种教导内容可易于结合到机器人外科系统诸如Intuitive Surgical,Inc.(Sunnyvale,California)的DAVINCITM系统中。类似地,本领域的普通技术人员将认识到本文中的各种教导内容可易于结合如下专利中的任何专利的各种教导内容:1998年8月11日公布的名称为“Articulated SurgicalInstrument For Performing Minimally Invasive Surgery With Enhanced Dexterityand Sensitivity”的美国专利5,792,135,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;1998年10月6日公布的名称为“Remote Center Positioning Device withFlexible Drive”美国专利5,817,084,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;1999年3月2日公布的名称为“Automated Endoscope System for OptimalPositioning”的美国专利5,878,193,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2001年5月15日公布的名称为“Robotic Arm DLUS for Performing SurgicalTasks”的美国专利6,231,565,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2004年8月31日公布的名称为“Robotic Surgical Tool with Ultrasound Cauterizing andCutting Instrument”的美国专利6,783,524中,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2002年4月2日公布的名称为“Alignment of Master and Slave in aMinimally Invasive Surgical Apparatus”的美国专利6,364,888,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2009年4月28日公布的名称为“Mechanical ActuatorInterface System for Robotic Surgical Tools”的美国专利7,524,320,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2010年4月6日公布的名称为“Platform LinkWrist Mechanism”的美国专利7,691,098,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2010年10月5日公布的名称为“Repositioning and Reorientation ofMaster/Slave Relationship in Minimally Invasive Telesurgery”的美国专利7,806,891,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2013年1月10日公布的名称为“Automated End Effector Component Reloading System for Use with aRobotic System”的美国公布2013/0012957,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2012年8月9日公布的名称为“Robotically-Controlled SurgicalInstrument with Force-Feedback Capabilities”的美国公布2012/0199630,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2012年5月31日公布的名称为“ShiftableDrive Interface for Robotically-Controlled Surgical Tool”的美国公布2012/0132450,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2012年8月9日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling Instruments with Cam-Driven Staple DeploymentArrangements”的美国公布2012/0199633,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2012年8月9日公布的名称为“Robotically-Controlled MotorizedSurgical End Effector System with Rotary Actuated Closure Systems HavingVariable Actuation Speeds”的美国公布2012/0199631,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2012年8月9日公布的名称为“Robotically-Controlled SurgicalInstrument with Selectively Articulatable End Effector”的美国公布2012/0199632,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2012年8月9日公布的名称为“Robotically-Controlled Surgical End Effector System”的美国公布2012/0203247,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2012年8月23日公布的名称为“Drive Interface for Operably Coupling a Manipulatable Surgical Tool toa Robot”的美国公布2012/0211546,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2012年6月7日公布的名称为“Robotically-Controlled Cable-Based Surgical EndEffectors”的美国公布2012/0138660,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;和/或2012年8月16日公布的名称为“Robotically-Controlled Surgical EndEffector System with Rotary Actuated Closure Systems”的美国公布2012/0205421,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
上文所述的形式可被设计为单次使用后丢弃,或者它们可被设计为可多次使用。在上述任一种或两种情况下,都可对这些形式进行修复,以便在使用至少一次后再使用。修复可包括以下步骤的任意组合:拆卸装置、然后清洗或替换特定部件和随后进行重新组装。具体地,可拆卸所述装置的一些形式,并且可选择性地以任何组合形式来替换或取出所述装置的任意数量的特定部件或零件。在清洗和/或更换特定零件时,所述装置的一些形式可在修复设施中重新组装或者在即将进行手术前由用户重新组装以供随后使用。本领域的技术人员将会了解,装置修复可以利用多种技术进行拆卸、清洗/更换以及重新组装。这些技术的用途以及得到的重新修复装置均在本发明的范围内。
仅通过举例的方式,本文描述的形式在手术之前和/或之后可被消毒。在一种消毒技术中,将装置放置在闭合并密封的容器中,例如,塑料袋或TYVEK袋中。然后可将容器和装置放置在可穿透所述容器的辐射场中,诸如γ辐射、X射线或高能电子。辐射可将装置上和容器中的细菌杀死。消毒后的装置随后可存放在无菌容器中,以供以后使用。还可使用本领域已知的任何其他技术对装置消毒,包括但不限于β辐射或γ辐射、环氧乙烷或蒸汽。
上文已经示出和描述了本发明的多个实施例,可由本领域的普通技术人员在不脱离本发明范围的情况下进行适当修改来实现本文描述的方法和系统的进一步改进。已经提及了若干此类潜在修改形式,并且其它修改形式对本领域的技术人员将是显而易见的。例如,上文所讨论的示例、实施例、几何形状、材料、尺寸、比率、步骤等均是示例性的而非所要求的。因此,本发明的范围应根据下面的权利要求书来考虑,并且应理解为不限于说明书和附图中示出和描述的结构和操作细节。

Claims (20)

1.一种端部执行器,所述端部执行器包括:
(a)钉仓,其中所述钉仓包括:
i.仓体,和
ii.下部仓托盘,
其中所述仓体或所述下部仓托盘中的一者或两者包括至少一个处于近侧的突起接合特征结构;
(b)钳口,其中所述钳口包括:
i.通道,其中所述通道被构造成能够接收所述钉仓,和
ii.至少一个突起,其中所述至少一个突起从所述钳口的内表面侧向地延伸,并且其中所述至少一个突起被定位成在所述钉仓和所述钳口联接在一起时与所述至少一个突起接合特征结构对准;和
(c)砧座,其中所述砧座联接至所述钳口,其中所述砧座能够相对于所述钳口运动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的端部执行器,其中所述下部仓托盘包括通道,其中所述通道被构造成能够接收所述仓体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的端部执行器,其中所述仓体和所述下部仓托盘各自包括近侧端部,并且其中所述突起接合特征结构包括在所述仓体或所述下部仓托盘中的一者或两者的所述近侧端部处形成的至少一个凹口。
4.根据权利要求1所述的端部执行器,其中所述突起接合特征结构包括在所述仓体和所述下部仓托盘两者中形成的至少一个凹口。
5.根据权利要求4所述的端部执行器,其中在所述仓体和所述下部仓托盘两者中形成相同数量的凹口。
6.根据权利要求5所述的端部执行器,其中所述仓体的所述凹口被定位成在所述仓体被接收在所述下部仓托盘的所述通道中时与所述下部仓托盘的所述凹口对准。
7.根据权利要求6所述的端部执行器,其中所述钳口包括的突起的数量与在所述下部仓托盘中形成的凹口的数量相同。
8.根据权利要求1所述的端部执行器,其中所述钳口的所述通道包括基底和多个内表面。
9.根据权利要求8所述的端部执行器,其中所述突起从所述钳口的所述通道的所述多个内表面中的多于一个内表面伸出。
10.根据权利要求9所述的端部执行器,其中所述突起基本上平行于所述钳口的所述通道的所述基底。
11.根据权利要求1所述的端部执行器,其中所述仓体还包括多个钉孔。
12.根据权利要求1所述的端部执行器,其中所述砧座包括多个钉成形凹坑。
13.根据权利要求1所述的端部执行器,其中所述端部执行器还包括楔形滑动件和击发梁,其中所述楔形滑动件和所述击发梁两者被构造成能够纵向地滑动经过所述钉仓。
14.根据权利要求13所述的端部执行器,其中所述楔形滑动件容纳在所述钉仓内。
15.根据权利要求14所述的端部执行器,其中所述击发梁包括处于远侧的切割刃。
16.一种外科器械,所述外科器械包括:
(a)柄部部分;
(b)根据权利要求15所述的端部执行器;
(c)轴,其中所述轴包括远侧端部,并且其中所述端部执行器联接至所述轴的所述远侧端部;
(d)能够操作以使所述砧座朝所述钳口运动的第一致动器;和
(e)能够操作以驱动所述楔形滑动件和刀片经过所述钉仓的第二致动器。
17.一种端部执行器,所述端部执行器包括:
(a)钉仓,其中所述钉仓包括仓体,其中所述仓体包括纵向狭槽和多个钉孔,并且其中所述仓体包括至少一个凹口;
(b)钳口,其中所述钳口包括:
i.通道,其中所述通道被构造成能够接收所述钉仓,和
ii.至少一个突起,其中所述至少一个突起从所述钳口的内表面侧向地伸入所述通道中,并且其中所述至少一个突起被构造成能够在所述钉仓和所述钳口联接在一起时与所述至少一个凹口对准;
(c)砧座,其中所述砧座包括多个钉成形凹坑;和
(d)击发梁,其中所述击发梁被构造成能够滑动经过所述纵向狭槽。
18.根据权利要求17所述的端部执行器,其中所述钉仓还包括楔形滑动件,其中所述击发梁被构造成能够纵向地驱动所述楔形滑动件经过所述纵向狭槽,并且其中所述楔形滑动件被构造成能够在其被纵向地驱动经过所述纵向狭槽时竖直地驱动多个钉经过所述多个钉孔。
19.根据权利要求17所述的端部执行器,其中所述击发梁还包括刀片。
20.一种外科器械,所述外科器械包括:
(a)主体;
(b)端部执行器,其中所述端部执行器从所述主体朝远侧延伸,并且其中所述端部执行器包括:
i.钉仓,其中所述钉仓包括具有纵向狭槽、多个钉孔和至少一个凹口的仓体,并且其中所述钉仓还包括被构造成能够驱动多个钉经过所述多个钉孔的楔形滑动件,
ii.钳口,其中所述钳口被构造成能够与所述钉仓联接,并且其中所述钳口包括至少一个向内延伸的突起,并且其中所述至少一个突起在所述钉仓和所述钳口联接在一起时与所述至少一个凹口对准,
iii.砧座,其中所述砧座包括多个钉成形凹坑,其中所述砧座在轴线处联接至所述钳口,所述轴线横向于由所述钳口限定的纵向轴线,并且其中所述砧座能够围绕所述横向轴线枢转,和
iv.击发梁,其中所述击发梁被构造成能够滑动经过所述纵向狭槽,并且其中所述击发梁包括刀片;
(c)轴,其中所述轴包括远侧端部,并且其中所述端部执行器联接至所述轴的所述远侧端部;
(d)能够操作以使所述砧座围绕所述横向轴线枢转的第一致动器;和
(e)能够操作以使所述楔形滑动件和所述刀片滑动经过所述钉仓的第二致动器。
CN201480011050.8A 2013-02-28 2014-02-20 外科器械端部执行器仓的安装特征结构 Active CN105025817B (zh)

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