CN104919135A - Fracture water treatment method and system - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and a system for treatment of flow-back and produced water from a hydrocarbon well in which fracturing operations are carried out using a phase separation and creating of positive charge in the water.

Description

The processing method of crevice water and system

The application is the U. S. application 13/832 in application on March 15th, 2013, the PCT of No. 759, U. S. application 13/832, No. 759 is the U. S. application 13/594 in application on August 24th, 2012, the continuity of the part of No. 497, U. S. application 13/594, asks the priority of No. 61/676,628, U.S. Provisional Application in application on July 27th, 2012 for No. 497.The application also asks the priority of No. 13/753,310, the U.S. Provisional Application in application on January 29th, 2013.

Technical field

The present invention relates to process for the processing step of the backflow and recovered water and other compositions that hydraulically cause the generation of passage or crack (fracture) or crackle (fissure) in hydrocarbon well (hydrocarbon well) (such as, dark oil shale deposit layer) and equipment.

Background technology

In several centuries in the past, it has been tried diverse ways to utilize and to use the inherent attribute of the hydrocarbon compound of natural generation (compound) to promote the life style of people and to deal with the challenge of much existence.Exceeding in the bimillennial time, " sand (Burning Sands) of burning " of Irak Kirkuk provides heat to Kurds clan, heat comes from the methane gas being upwards exuded to earth surface from the geo-logical terrain of deep layer, and these methane gass will be lighted and be burned to today continuously.Equally, the surperficial exudate of the crude oil in the sub-state of Pennsylvania and markon's welfare is traveled for them by American Indian the waterproof of canoe used on the water route of North America.This is only that people utilize natural gas and crude oil to improve the early stage example of two of their life style.

The success of Drake 19 end of the centurys in Pennsylvania to shallow-layer crude oil drills through and indicates people to a great extent by excavating, the quick advance that manufactures and obtain in the gaseous state of the natural generation of refining and liquid hydrocarbon compound preferably period of economic development of driving.They be used to now transport fuel, electrical production, sliding agent, petrochemical industry articles for use and our now every day life in use other thousands of products and application in.The origin of " petroleum industry " that we are now alleged and development contribute to the foundation of World Economics and the principal element of surprising growth and make it to become possible driving force.This economic development is called as " industrial revolution " period.

In this period, much new oil field is found in a lot of places in the world, and due to the much new purposes of the petroleum derivation product that are found to 21 century constantly, to the growth of the demand of crude oil and petroleum product with greatly speed increment.This stage whole, petroleum industry have found many new oil fields or large sedimentary deposit (deposits) or reservoir (reservoir), and they have changed the mixture (both are all in coastal waters and the land of each water body of the whole world) of the hydrocarbon of liquid gasification compound traditionally.Simultaneously, petroleum industry has also found the existence of the mixture of a large amount of heavy hydrocarbon compounds and light hydrocarbon compounds, their structures is unconventional and matrix of materials (matrix) is wound around very much to such an extent as to the hydrocarbon molecule compound be included in wherein can not be extracted economically.

These unconventional hydrocarbon compound sources are fallen into two diverse classifications.The first kind is " weight " or long chain hydrocarbon molecules compound, the heavy oil belt of the heavy oil sedimentary deposit of the such as husky sedimentary deposit of Canadian oil and Bellridge region, California or Kern korneforos or the Delta Region, Orinoco river of Venezuela or Mexican Mayan oil, in Mexico, the heavy oil of extraction extremely thickness and be in semi-solid state at ambient temperature.In such cases, pour point or viscosity reduce is very important.Equations of The Second Kind is " gently " or " short chain " hydrocarbon molecule compound, and they are trapped in multiple shale deposition layers in the whole U.S. and other areas many in the world.

Some countries in the world, i.e. Spain, Estonia and Brazil, have a large amount of but shallow oil shale deposit layer, there, these countries do not have large sedimentary deposit or the reservoir of conventional crude oil.Therefore, for extracting " brute force " method of shale oil or kerabitumen by heating page rock to realize in high-temperature pressurizing alembic.This practice just started as far back as the twenties in 19th century.The kerabitumen extracted or shale oil fuel then burned in stove, to play the object of heating, and for the transport fuel of diesel oil or other internal combustion engines.The kerabitumen of extraction has roughly the same b.t.u. fuel value and combustion characteristics with the gasoline of the conventional grade of producing from traditional crude oil refineries or oil.These countries also do not have the hard currency coin of aequum or dollar to buy the traditional crude oil on international commodity market, but they have a large amount of page rocks (although be less than 4 percent of the weight of page rock self from the shale oil of these shale deposition layers extraction or the amount of kerabitumen, the page rock leaving 95 about percent is waste material) really.Can being liquefied in traditional condensing heat exchanger unit by condensing hydrocarbon compound of heat, and become kerabitumen fuel.Incondensability hydrocarbon (mainly methane) is then burned and be only released in air.These all short chains or light hydrocarbon compound are captured or are sealed in oil shale matrix of materials structure, and when heated, under stress, they are released from this matrix with the form of gas phase or release.

In the U.S., have found oil shale stone sedimentary deposit in many areas, and the major part in them all locates below ground level in the deep layer sedimentary deposit of 5 thousand to one ten thousand feet.Early to nineteen twenty, just there are many trials with exploitation from the shale formation (formation) of layering or extract kerabitumen oil.Although shale oil is proved to be most suitable hydrocarbon products, its cost of production is far beyond the market price of similar product, and therefore this situation is proved to be uneconomic.At that time, extra development and input are not proved yet.

These all factors and situation obtain in the past few years and change significantly, mainly due to fast Development and the development of two concrete technology.First of these concrete technology is careful control and steerable directional drilling technology, and this technology allows rig can drill vertically in beginning, is then controlled when being drilled into desired depth or handles to rotate to horizontal level.Then this probing can continue the distance that flatly drill well bores one section is suitable in shale formation.Second most important technical development is the application to old technique, i.e. the practice of the hydraulically vertical oil well that pressure break is old, to increase turnover rate and promote the further stimulation of old oil well and extend economic life in exhausted oil field thus.

In the past several years, much different technology was developed and implements, to attempt the Production Life extending old oil field and more ripe oil field.Water filling is the practice for keeping the reservoir sump pressure in exhausted oil field, and the methane gas (when available and do not have burned) injecting pressurization is to obtain identical result.Another kind of is use explosive " shaped-charge (shaped charges) " by the technology of attempting, this explosive is strategically placed in pit shaft (well casing), thus they can explode in oil-producing formation (pay zone) region in wellhole, and the power of these blasts is passed barrel and is caused crack and crackle to be opened.

For these methods of EOR (oil recovery of raising) in the specification being all petroleum industry for many years.But, some oil companies worry to use explosive as extend exhausted oil field Production Life method in danger, and, in the later stage in the 1940's, start to put into practice using water under high pressure and husky mixture with at generation crack, productive formation area and crackle.This technology by the turnover rate developing to increase in oil well, and for extending the Production Life of exhausted oil well and ripe oil well when not using explosive.In old oil-producing formation, hydraulically open new passage makes hydrocarbon that is liquid and gaseous state under bottom pressure, freely travel up to ground to be collected as crude oil and gasoline product is easier.

Also in this period, be widely used by the practice with the old oil well cylinder of the flowing of restriction hydrocarbon using workover rig to cause due to the accumulation of pitch or paraffin compound with cleaning.

The use of the practice of the stimulation of oil wells of all these types, and other improve the use of the technology of oil recovery, have continued a very long time and in during this period of time, have made a lot of improvement.One of these improvement are the stronger and more jumbo barite mud pumps of assisting needed for the probing of the deeper and deeper oil well in seashore and coastal waters.Some in these oil wells are drilled dark more than 8,000 feet in water, and further drilling depth adds the degree of depth more than 20,000 feet, and therefore also need to expand the capacity of hydraulic pressure fracturing pump and increase the pressure capability level of hydraulic pressure fracturing pump.

The discovery of the sedimentary deposit of multiple large oil shale formation adds the technology of newfound steerable directional drilling ability, and be coupled with using the ability of high-pressure and hydraulic fracturing unit, the fracturing technique allowing industry to use these new continues.They can directed in dark shale formation (vertically and flatly both) probing, and then hydraulically this stratum of pressure break be included in gaseous state in shale host material stratum and liquid hydrocarbon with release.These new technology result in the economy " sudden change " how the world evaluates the hydrocarbon of liquid state and gaseous state now in global energy commodity market.

But during becoming the time period more and more widely when the application of hydraulic pressure pressure break, from the angle of technology and operation, its growth is with very by accident, by chance, ad hoc ground mode carries out.Many improvement made are the tests of scientifically not developing and attempt mistakenly improving the productivity ratio of oil well and attempting the result of the economic life extending existing oil field.All these completes when not checking completely or understand science reason rational to these demand behinds of improving.What this best example solving the unscientific method of specific technological problems at view, there occurs in the use of proppant dissimilar in hydraulic pressure fracturing technology exactly and suitable selection.

After completing initial pressure (hydraulic) water pressure break, if the increase of the expectation of the turnover rate of the hydrocarbon of output will be realized, then in the crackle and crack that need powerful proppant material to remain on to be produced by pressure (hydraulic) water technology.Proppant is new opening or the mode selected by crack (crack) in " upwards supporting " stratum, thus continuation keeps new crack and crackle to open by they, and allow hydrocarbon compound freely to flow in wellhole, thus they can be discharged by the control appliance of well head.

When do not have enough strong and there is correct size to keep crackle forming continuous the suitable proppant opened, the productivity ratio of well will reduce fast, because proppant attenuates and softer material granule is filled with crackle.This will reduce the turnover rate of hydrocarbon and the final hydrocarbon that hinders flows into wellhole.Have heterogeneity, shape and size the proppant material of other types being permitted eurypalynous sand and such as alumina etc. tested.

Here the suitable proppant that crucial problem is be used for hydraulic pressure fracturing technology realizes and the single most important factor of suitable " air space ratio (voids ratio) " needed for remaining in the passage of the pressure (hydraulic) water pressure break of all advantages that can realize hydraulic pressure fracturing technology.

Although these consider that in hydraulic pressure pressure break in the oil well of vertical probing with the oil-producing formation chosen be important, when applying hydraulic pressure fracturing technology in the oil shale formation in flatly stratification, these considerations are more crucial and important.As the result of the importance of " shale gas revolution ", we have just started learn more and understand more Essence and characteristics about various types of shale formation now.

Oil shale be very over a long time before the sedimentary deposit of the main precipitation form deposited with the form of calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, calcium bicarbonate, quartz and earth materials and other compounds, when these oil shales are formed, these compounds become and are trapped in the matrix of material, and are finally deposited in our shale formation known to today.Many oil shale formations stride across the structural fault line in the earth, and their structure is discontinuous thus.Some oil shale formations vertically and on horizontal plane are tilting a little.As a result, cable tracking (wire line tracking) and 3-D seismics analysis become the pith of shale gas exploration and evolution.

Review the past, recognize and the proppant paying attention to having suitable structure and size is important optimally extracting and produce the key function realized in gaseous state and liquid hydrocarbon compound, wherein gaseous state and liquid hydrocarbon compound are products oil shale deposit layer being carried out to hydraulic pressure pressure break.This fact is not fully understood in the oil industry or recognizes, until the beginning of 21st century.To the latter stage of twentieth century, petroleum industry used on the oil well produced hydraulic pressure fracturing technique for improve oil recovery and oil well excitation exceed ISUZU company.All these hydraulic fracturing operations implemented before entering 21st century are all be designed for the Production Life of the oil well extending existing vertical probing or the oil well completed realized to the turnover rate of larger hydrocarbon.These all hydraulic fracturing operations are all implemented in the oil well of vertically probing, and the oil-producing formation that pressure break composition is mainly husky, and produce the liquid state of flowing and the hydrocarbon of gaseous state under the condition of bottom hole temperature (BHT) and pressure.The form of all is all sand of the feature with relatively high permeability and porosity value or good void content.

When steerable vertically introduce together with horizontal drilling equipment and very high pressure fracturing pump (some are called " booster (intensifiers) "), petroleum industry applies successfully have been developed and the identical hydraulic pressure fracturing technique used with in vertical oil well hydraulic fracturing operations, and identical process is applied to the wellhole of flatly drilling in dark shale formation, but result is barely satisfactory.Some oil shale formations are more voluminous than other, and attempted a large amount of methods increases besieged hydrocarbon amount to try, and besieged hydrocarbon is released by hydraulic pressure pressure break.Chemical agent is added to try the growth of the aquatic microorganisms controlling the flowing hindering hydrocarbon, and chemical agent is also added with control corrosion rate and crust.Also added the capillary chemical agent of minimizing makes pressure break water more can penetrate the crackle produced by water under high pressure to try.The region that some of these steps are combined in oil shale is more successful with the identical step taked than application in another oil shale formation, is especially the difference of the percentage of the amount of the hydrocarbon products finally extracted from the hydrocarbon content of the specified quantitative given oil shale deposit layer.

Until today, industry just comes to realise the conventional principle of petroleum technology can not by the trial newly developed be fully applied to the hydrocarbon extracting liquid state and the gaseous state of catching from Minerals And Rocks stratum, and this trial allows these hydrocarbon even freely to flow in dark HTHP position.Then Petroleum Engineer turns to the principle of application to the inspection of the hard rock mechanics of mineral geology, to seek comprehensive analysis to these problems and intelligible answer.Recently, result of study proves, all shale formations can be classified, and can be roughly divided into two different measuring and discernible classification, and these classifications are " soft shales " or " hard shale ".See, such as Denney, Dennis. (2012 March) .Fracturing-Fluid Effects on Shale and Proppant Embedment.JPT.pp.59-61.Test specification be based on the given material of measurement before pressure break and the value of post-fracturing young's modulus of elasticity or the principle of stress/strain.Described thermometrically nano impress of mineral (nano indentation) after being applied with specific stress level.Hard shale have recorded low nano impress value, and tested soft shale has measured high impression value.Hard shale mainly there is silica, calcium carbonate, calcite and quartz and the composition of colloidal clay; And soft shale has the composition of sodium acid carbonate, nahcolite and colloidal clay.

Determine that the ability of the real mineral characteristic of oil shale is optimized in selection or maximizes extremely important from the best operating technology needed for specific shale formation or sedimentary deposit final recovery of hydrocarbons composition exactly.After the hydraulic pressure water pressure of phase same level that experienced by identical soak time section, the reaction of soft oil shale formation is different from the reaction of hard oil shale formation.Under high hydraulic pressure, hard oil shale cracks or passage, and the penetration length of these crackles or passage is relatively short and the profile diameter of these crackles or flow channel is quite little.On the other hand, soft oil shale produces longer compared to the length obtained from the hydraulic pressure pressure break of the material in hard oil shale formation and that profile diameter is larger comparatively speaking crackle under identical high hydraulic pressure and soak time.

Except controlling microbial growth and preventing incrustation scale (scale) from crusting and the water supply of " smooth (slick) ", extract at most from given shale formation area or the suitable size of proppant and the selection of type that the operational capacity of the hydrocarbon of optimised quantity, most important factor is entered Fractured zone by pressure break water-band.If will be hard shale by the shale of pressure break, then proppant is sufficiently little thus can be brought in the crackle of the minor diameter that hard shale fracturing operation causes, and proppant is sufficiently strong so that passage or crackle can be kept to open the sufficiently long time, the liquid state comprised with permission and gaseous hydrocarbon product flatly and vertically flow freely in wellhole, thus can gather after being released to ground installation.If the proppant used is excessive for the crackle of small-diameter sized, proppant can not penetrate into crackle and remain there, and to keep crackle passage to open, will significantly can be reduced by the amount of the hydrocarbon of output of gathering.Alternatively, if operation is the hydraulic pressure pressure break in soft shale formation, the diameter with the proppant of suitable size should be larger than the proppant being suitable for being used in hard shale.In the crackle of this larger diameter that hydraulic pressure pressure break allowing proppant to be brought into soft shale is produced.The proppant of smaller szie will not have so effective, and this is by cause can the remarkable minimizing of amount of hydrocarbon products of output.

Now, we have the more scientific ground survey data about the difference at various types of oil shale formation, and industry more clearly recognizes the Economic Importance selected for the suitable proppant of various types of hydraulic pressure pressure breaks of oil shale formation now.When the best proppant of our the mineral shale soft for hydraulic pressure pressure break that it is now know that is different from the mineral shale when hydraulic pressure pressure break is hard, we need the best proppant used.Therefore, specific proppant is needed for specific oil shale.

Therefore, the object of example of the present invention all grout material the proppant of large-scale suitable dimension and composition, described grout material may be provided to be taken to ground and be comprised in the backwater from the hydraulic pressure pressure break of gas and oil formation by using.

The amount of hydraulic pressure pressure break of the oil shale deposit layer of the U.S.'s multiple different regions exploitation and the quick growth of degree, as a result, there are a large amount of ecosystem environment misgivings, if petroleum industry is successfully grown, must solve these misgivings.Such as, poisonous chemical agent (such as, glutaraldehyde) is used as biocide to kill, to control or to eliminate the aquatic microorganisms existed in the water that is used in hydraulic pressure fracturing technology.A kind of misgivings are had to be that such toxic chemical relevant with pressure break water may transfer to drinkable underground reservoir.Also worry, the chemical agent (such as, polyacrylamide) or the incrustation scale retardant (such as, phosphate) that reduce friction oneself enter underground reservoir and pollute the possibility of this underground reservoir.The chemical agent of detergent mixture and such as potassium chloride is commonly used for and reduces capillary surfactant and may produce public health problem.When inject in forward direction process well by the practice of the recirculation water of saline pollution be the public another misgivings.

In some examples of traditional fracture job, after the pit shaft of level of explosively boring a hole, aqueous mixtures is under high pressure injected in a large amount of single continuous pressure break districts, each pressure break district at two ends by packer sleeve seal.This allows aqueous mixtures in shale formation, to keep several days under stress, produce passage, crack or crackle, when hydraulic pressure is coiled the drilling operation release of (coiled), these passages, crack or crackle allow hydrocarbon gas state and liquid element to have the passage allowing to flow to ground.For each single pressure break district, the pressure in aqueous mixtures reduces continuously, thus flatly to be flowed back in wellhole by the water of step-down and then continue upward to ground elevation in vertical cement wellblock section.A lot of proppant remains on after these passages, but, a large amount of proppants from recirculation water out.

The water yield of recirculation water is less than 50 percent of the amount of the water injected for fracturing operation.The current of backflow also comprise the material from shale formation filtering, such as bicarbonate (such as, nahcolite).Recirculation water mixture is also with the particulate that proppant and their of many VOCs and microorganism remains, the salt dissolved arbitrarily or salt solution and a large amount of initial injections produce.Process and/or the disposal of described backflow are significant problems for industry.See such as Smyth, Julie Carr. (2012) .Ohio quakes put pressure on use of fracturing.Associated Press, pp.Dl, D6; Lowry, Jeff, et al. (2011 December) .Haynesvill trial well applies environmentally focused shale technologies.World Oil.pp.39-40,42; Beckwith, Robin. (2010 December) .Hydraulic Fracturing The Fuss, The Facts, The Future.JPT.pp.34-35,38-41; Ditoro, Lori K. (2011) .The Haynesville Shale.Upstream Pumping Solutions, pp.31-33; Walser, Doug. (2011) .Hydraulic Fracturing in the Haynesville Shale:What's Different? Upstream Pumping Solutions, pp.34-36; Bybee, Karen. (2011 March) .In-Line-Water-Separation Prototype Development and Testing.JPT.pp.84-85; Bybee, Karen. (2011 March) .Produced-Water-Volume Estimates and Management Practices.JPT.pp.77-79; Katz, Jonathan. (2012 May) .Report:Fracking to Grow U.S.Water-Treatment Market Nine-Fold by 2020.Industry Week; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2012/0012307A1, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2012/0024525A1, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2012/0070339A1, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2012/0085236A1, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2012/0097614A1.Each above-mentioned reference paper is incorporated into this by way of reference for all objects.

Current, common practice is the microorganism primitively or on the spot killed by the biocide of chemical agent or other types in aqueous mixtures, thus the hydrocarbon of the gaseous state be captured in the matrix strata of oil shale or liquid state freely can flow into the passage and crackle vacated by recirculation water mixture.Meanwhile, the proppant that the passage that fracturing technology produces must be brought into by the aqueous mixtures be injected at first in the crackle in Fractured zone stays open.If microorganism is not killed, they will promptly be bred, and if they are maintained in crackle, they will grow and reduce or fully hinder the flowing of the hydrocarbon from these crackles.The problem of another significant microorganism type is and finds and digest any free sulfur or the sulphur relevant with compound and produce the possible appearance of the strain bacterium that the hydrogen sulfide that must remove from the gas flow of any output is correlated with, because it is abnormally dangerous and carcinogenic material.If avoid this problem, the microorganism of all these types all must be eliminated.

Except microbial reproduction and the possibility of flowing hindering hydrocarbon products, the existence of the solid dissolved in aqueous also may be the problem at the aqueous mixtures injected.Oneself can be deposited as incrustation scale or crust by them in identical flow channel and crackle.If these crust are allowed to be deposited in these passages, minimizing or obstruction hydrocarbon are also flow to ground by these crust.In order to avoid this situation, current industry practice has been made and has been attempted making the solid of dissolving condense and they are attached in suspension or aqueous mixtures other the colloidal particle existed, to be removed being injected into Jing Zhongqian, but only part is effectively in these effort.See such as Denny, Dennis. (2012 March) .Fracturing-Fluid Effects on Shale and Proppant Embedment.JPT.pp.59-61; Kealser, Vic. (2012 April) .Real-Time Field Monitoring to Optimize Microbe Control.JPT.pp.30,32-33; Lowry, Jeff, et al. (2011 December) .Haynesville trial well applies environmentally focused shale technologies.World Oil.pp.39-40,42; Rassenfoss, Stephen. (2012 April) .Companies Strive to Better Understand Shale Wells.JPT.pp.44-48; Ditoro, Lori K. (2011) .The Haynesville Shale.Upstream Pumping Solutions, pp.31-33; Walser, Doug. (2011) .Hydraulic Fracturing in the Haynesville Shale:What's Different? Upstream Pumping Solutions, pp.34-36; Denney, Dennis. (2012 March) .Stimulation Influence on Production in the Haynesville Shale:A Playwide Examination.JPT.pp.62-66; Denney, Dennis. (2011 January) .Technology Applications.JPT.pp.20,22,26.Each above-mentioned reference paper is incorporated into this by way of reference for all objects.

In recent years, petroleum industry has attempted these misgivings of the multiple method process of exploitation.Ultraviolet and the common use of the amount reducing chemical-biological agent for killing are proved to be killing aquatic microorganisms part effectively.Also be like this when trial uses ultra-high frequency sound wave to kill microorganism.But these two kinds of systems lack earthquake intensity and intensity is effectively killed all aquatic microorganisms with the resident exposure passing through only one week short time and there is no residual effect.Two systems need some chemical-biological agent for killing effectively to kill the aquatic microorganisms in water.Equally, some companies use low frequency or low intensive electromagnetic wave generator as biocide/coalescer; But this is also proved to be only partly effective.

Therefore, the object of further example be process economically and solve satisfactorily some these there is the main environmental concerns of industry importance.Also have in addition the object of some examples be eliminate needs to saline treatment well, eliminate the use of toxic chemical (biocide or incrustation scale such as destroying microorganism prevent), eliminate all backflows of being used for reusing in ensuing hydraulic fracturing operations or the gathering of water of extraction.Example of the present invention provides technically reasonable public safety problems many in the hydraulic pressure pressure break making industry worry and economically feasible solution.

Summary of the invention

The advantage of each example of the present invention comprises needs less (or not needing) process salt solution, because the salt of substantially all dissolvings is condensed and is converted into suspended particulate, these particles separated and with regain proppant and particulate be combined to be included in feed to be melted in rotary kiln by pyrolytic.Similarly, example of the present invention eliminates the needs to chemical-biological agent for killing, because high strength, electromagnetic wave generator that is variable, ultra-high frequency killed the microorganism existed in water before water is injected into stratum.The formation that electromagnetic wave also prevents incrustation scale from crusting, therefore, does not need to add incrustation scale retardant in pressure break aqueous mixtures.As a result, substantially all recirculation waters from fracturing operation are used again, and all remaining solid materials are recovered and reassemble into and suitably form and have the proppant of suitable size, for use ensuing in fracturing operation.In addition, because volatile organic compound is burned and evaporation, the solid-waste treatment facility of any mud or other types is therefore no longer needed.

According to an aspect of the present invention, provide the system used in well fracturing operation, this system comprises: the first eliminator, and it comprises the slurry with the first water content and exports and slurry inlet; Second eliminator, it has slurry input and slurry exports, and the input of this slurry is positioned to receive the slurry exported from the slurry of the first eliminator, and the output of this slurry has second, lower water content; Kiln (kiln), its slurry being positioned to reception second eliminator exports and has output; Quencher (quench), it orientates the slag received from the output of kiln as; Mill, its be positioned to receive come from quencher by the slag of chilling; Grinder, it is positioned to receive the material of the pulverizing coming from mill; First sieve part, it is oriented to receive the material from the grinding of grinder, wherein the upper bound of the size determination proppant size of the first sieve part; And second sieves part, this second sieve part is oriented to receive the material sieved from the first sieve part, wherein the lower bound of the size determination proppant size of the second sieve part.In at least one example, described system also comprises proppant storage warehouse, and this proppant storage warehouse is positioned reception from the proppant between the first and second sieve parts.In another example, system also comprises and is positioned to receive from the blender of the proppant of described storage warehouse.In an example particularly, described first eliminator comprises water and exports, and this system also comprises: be positioned to receive from the water of the first eliminator water store tank, be positioned to receive from the biocide coalescer of the water of water store tank, described coalescer has the output to blender feed, and at least one fracturing pump of the water received from blender and at least proppant, wherein fracturing pump produces the flowing of the water for well fracturing operation.

According to another example of the present invention, the slurry provided for extracting from the hydrocarbon well of pressure break produces the method with the proppant of specific dimensions, and described method comprises: by water from pulp separation, produces stream of slurry and liquid stream; Stream of slurry is mixed with particulate, produces feed; Proppant material is fused into feed; Chilling is carried out to the proppant material of fusing; The proppant material of broken fusing; The size of the material of fragmentation is decided to be specific size; And the material of the fragmentation without specific size is mixed with feed.In examples more of the present invention, this method also comprises extracts slurry from the flowing of the fluid of hydrocarbon well extraction, wherein the fluid of extraction comprises water and slurry, wherein the separation of slurry produces at least two streams, one of wherein said at least two streams comprises the stream of the roughly liquid of water, and another of at least two streams comprises slurry.Slurry is comprised traditional three phase separator from the example of the acceptable device of the flow separation of the fluid of the extraction from hydrocarbon well.

In at least one example, described mixing comprises: efflux of solids is injected kiln; And particulate is injected kiln, and wherein the injection of particulate changes the viscosity of scorification material, and wherein scorification material comprises the particulate of efflux of solids and injection.In another example, particulate is injected the viscosity that kiln depends on the scorification material of kiln, wherein when scorification material is for time too sticky even flowing in kiln, the injection of particulate increases.In some instances, when the viscosity of scorification material too low to such an extent as to by the turnover rate of kiln for proppant material fusing too fast time, the injection of particulate reduces.

In another example, described chilling comprises: the proppant material of spraying fusing by liquid stream, and described fragmentation comprises: pulverize the proppant material of chilling and pulverize the proppant material of pulverizing.

In another example, described sizing comprise sieve and/or weight fraction from.

In some instances, described fusing comprises heating scorification material, and wherein in scorification material, the proppant material of volatile composition with gas phase release and in scorification material is melted.In the example that some are such, the turnover rate of the material of the fusing that kiln exports is measured, and based on the heating in described measuring and adjusting kiln.

In another example, described method also comprises the flow separation of slurry from the fluid by the extraction of hydrocarbon well, wherein the fluid of extraction comprises water and solid, wherein said separating slurry produces at least two streams, and wherein said at least two of flowing comprise the liquid stream of water substantially, another of described at least two streams comprises slurry.In the example that at least one is such, described method also comprises liquid stream electromagnetic pulse being applied to water substantially, and wherein before or after liquid stream electromagnetic pulse being applied to water substantially, proppant mixes with the liquid stream of water substantially.

According to a further aspect in the invention, the slurry provided for extracting from the hydrocarbon well by pressure break produces the system that some have the proppant of specific dimensions, and described system comprises: for by water from pulp separation, the device producing stream of slurry and liquid stream; Mix stream of slurry with particulate, produce the device of feed; For proppant material being fused into the device of feed; For the device of the proppant material of chilling fusing; For the device of the proppant material of fragmentation fusing; For giving the device of the surely specific size of broken material; With the device that the material for the fragmentation by not having specific dimensions mixes with feed.In at least one example, the device for the material mixing the fragmentation without specific dimensions comprises the device for melting.

For separating of the example of device comprise two phase separation pot, its lower end has funnel, and lower end has the conduit of the input being directed to auger (auger).Two phase separator tank uses the principle of gravitational settling unit (have or do not have baffle plate).The alternative of gravitational settling unit is the pressurized canister of hydrocone type system, and it forces slurry to the feed hopper with auger.

In another example; device for stream of slurry being mixed with particulate comprises: for stream of slurry being injected the device of kiln and being used for particulate to inject the device of kiln; wherein the injection of particulate changes the viscosity of scorification material, and wherein scorification material comprises the particulate of stream of slurry and injection.An example for stream of slurry being injected the available device of kiln comprises: the auger coming from this device, for being separated with kiln feed hopper.Along with auger makes stream of slurry shift to feed hopper, more water falls.Alternative comprises other devices that flight conveyer belt (flight conveyer belt), bucket type transfer system and those skilled in the art know.Specific example for useful device sand being injected kiln comprises the scooper conveyer (bucket-elevator conveyor) with variable drive, particulate (such as, husky) is taken away from the storehouse at these specific husky places by it.Variable drive depends on the temperature that records in the outlet of kiln and allows the change of husky amount.Temperature is relevant to viscosity.Such as, when temperature is around the set point change of about 2200F, the reduction along with temperature increases by husky feed.When the temperature increases, husky feed will reduce.In example particularly, for the change of about 5%, can not make a change, and for the change more than 5%, the amount of change will cause increase or the minimizing of the amount depending on other conditions that specific kiln, proppant solid feed and those skilled in the art know.Other examples for the device injected comprise other equivalents that belt conveyer or flight conveyer and those skilled in the art are known.

In another example, the device for chilling comprises the device (such as, having nozzle and/or water wall) using and spray the proppant material of fusing from the liquid stream of pulp separation.Further replacement device for cooling will be air quenching.In at least one example, on steel conveyer belt that the hot solids mixture coming from kiln is deposited on movement, that bore a hole, this steel conveyer belt is placed on water catch tray.Water on tape while be applied to mixture.

In another example, the device for fragmentation comprises the device of the proppant material for pulverizing chilling, and for pulverizing the device of pulverized proppant material.In a this example, the device for pulverizing comprises the mill with following characteristics: eccentric cycle mill (taper) thus comminuting space can change to obtain various sizes.The mill substituted comprises: jaw crusher, drum-type mill, ball mill and other devices well known to those skilled in the art.In some instances, the huge mixture of solidification is reduced to the block of the size range with about 1/4th inches to about 1/2nd inches by mill.

In some instances, the device for pulverizing comprises the edge mill with Types Below: excellent grinder, ball grinder, self-grind machine, benzvalene form grinder and other devices well known to those skilled in the art.In the example that at least some is such, the material of pulverizing is moved by conveyer and is expelled to and mixes/pulverize unit, is reduced in the size of this unit place material; In at least one example, the material of 98-99% passes the #30 sleeve openings of about 590 microns, and the material passed is similar to the fine sand of point in size with intensity.

In some instances, the device for sizing comprises the sieve with at least one sieve part.The receivable example of sieve is vibrosieve.If material is through sieve part, it is classified as " canonical sized ".If too little, it drops down onto too small feed, and too small feed is sent back to the input of the feed hopper of baker.If excessive, it is separated enters excessive feed, and this feed is provided to feed hopper in the input of kiln.In at least one example, excessive and too small stream was combined before being injected into kiln.Other acceptable devices for sizing comprise gravity flow screen part, rotary screen part and for weight fraction from device (such as, cyclone separator, broken material is by this eliminator, and/or the proportion in liquid solution is separated).The example of acceptable cyclone separator is known to those skilled in the art.For separating of another acceptable device comprise proportion in liquid solution and be separated.The acceptable piece-rate system of this type is known to those skilled in the art.

According to another example, the device for melting comprises the device for heating scorification material, and wherein in scorification material, volatile composition is released with gas phase, and the proppant material in scorification material is melted.An example for heating this device of scorification material comprises scorification rotary kiln, Sloped rotating kiln and horizontal kiln, and they have direct or indirect burning capacity.Replacement device for melting the proppant material in feed comprises: non-scorification kiln, vertically smelting furnace (such as, Hershoff smelting furnace, the vertical smelting furnace of Pacific multiple hearth), horizontal fire grate agglomerating furnace and other equivalents well known to those skilled in the art.In some instances, kiln operation relates to and grout material to be supplied in kiln and to add proppant to start the process of huge material block grout material being fused into together with proppant flowing.When mixture is moved downward to kiln discharge port, due to the heat generated by the burner of kiln, the temperature of mixture increases.Meanwhile, the viscosity of mixture reduces along with the rising of temperature.Period at one time, the organic material being brought into mixture is burned, evaporate and enter vent stack, the remaining solid material mixture flowed.The viscosity of the mixture of this flowing is regulated by the heat of the burner release increasing or reduce kiln, or regulates to mixture by increasing more or less proppant, or two kinds of methods are all used for regulating.

Examples more of the present invention also comprise the device of the turnover rate of the material for measuring the fusing exported from kiln.Example for the device measuring the flowing of the material of the fusing exported from kiln comprises the temperature pick up providing signal.Those skilled in the art also know other equivalent device.For being provided in other embodiments based on the device of the heat in described measuring and adjusting kiln.Example for the device based on the heat in this measuring and adjusting kiln comprises: based on temperature survey, changes the flowing of the proppant be input in kiln, and changes to the turnover rate of the fuel of kiln burner with the heat increased or minimizing discharges in kiln.

As mentioned above, cause at least two to flow in slurry with being separated of flowing of carrying out artesian well, wherein one of these at least two streams comprises the liquid stream being essentially water.And in the example that another is more detailed, provide the device for electromagnetic pulse being applied to the liquid stream being essentially water.For electromagnetic pulse being applied at least one example of the device of the liquid stream being essentially water at United States Patent (USP) 6,063, open in 267, this patent is incorporated herein by reference for all objects.Alternative for the disclosed in that patent equipment of various example of the present invention comprises: traditional biocide/coalescer (chemistry, electric with machinery), this knows to those skilled in the art.

In at least one example, the specific pulse applied has following characteristics: variable, ultra-high frequency in the scope about between 10 to 80kHz.There is enough frequencies to kill the microorganism that exists in water and to cause other pulses of the solid condensation of decomposing to be known to those skilled in the art, and can be depending on the specific performance of the water at specific Jing Chu.This pulse is by the cell of usual destroy microorganisms.

In another example of the present invention, provide the device for proppant to be mixed (for mixing before or after applying pulse) with the liquid stream being essentially water.Example for the device mixed in water by proppant comprises blender well known to those skilled in the art (such as, sieve part or the tank with grid opened).In some instances, surface tension reducer is also added in blender, and other compositions are the same as well known to the skilled person.Then this mixture is provided to the device (such as, fracturing pump, also known as " enhancer units ", as known to those skilled in the art) of the pressure increasing mixture, and the mixture of pressurization is injected in well.

In another example, by using the combination of kiln, mill, grinder and sieve part, proppant is formed into by recovered water and/or recirculation water and other sources has specific size, to produce the proppant with various sizes, those skilled in the art will recognize that this is wish in fracturing operation.See such as Mining Engineering, " Industrial Materials ", pp.59-61, June 2012 (www.miningengineering magazine.com), it is incorporated herein by reference.By regulating the grinder and sieve part that use, various sizes are made.

In another example, provide the method for the treatment of the hydrocarbon well crevice water (it comprises " recirculation water " and " recovered water " both) from hydrocarbon well, wherein said method comprises: be separated with crevice water by solid, wherein produces the current with suspended solid; Current are separated into multiple current; In multiple current, generate positive charge, wherein generate multiple current with positive charge; After described generation, by blended after described generation for multiple current with positive charge.In further example, described method also comprises: monitor oil/water interface level and the oil/water interface level controlled in eliminator.

In example particularly, method also comprises the turnover rate slowing down described multiple current has the current of suspended solid turnover rate to make it be less than.Slow down turnover rate to allow at the more residence time generating positive charge step.In water the increase of the amount of positive charge be considered to be of value to the microorganism killed in water and provide remaining positive charge a period of time when water is injected into hydrocarbon from being of value to during the stratum of its output.In water geo-logical terrain, the existence of positive charge is considered to be of value to the appearance of the structure reducing various reduction flowing in stratum.

In another particular example, it is each that the method generating positive charge in current comprises with the multiple current of electromagnetic flux process.

In another example, the solid that major part suspends is less than about 100 microns.In the example that some are such, substantially all suspended solids are less than about 100 microns.In the one group of example more limited, most of suspended solid is less than about 10 microns.And in the another one group of example more limited, substantially all suspended solids are less than about 10 microns.By reducing the size of suspended solid, when suspended solid close to 100 microns and as solid softer material (such as, PVC), time close to 10 microns or less, it is possible for making water pass through for generating the feasible equipment of positive charge in water by using such as stainless steel pipe with rational cost.

In some further point example, be separated and comprise the second-order separation.In the example that at least one is such, the second-order separation comprises: make crevice water by three phase separator, wherein produces the water exported from three phase separator; And make the water exported from three phase separator pass through two phase separator.In the method that at least one is such, three phase separator comprises four material eliminators, and it has at least four outputs, and described output comprises: slurry, the water wherein with suspended solid, liquid hydrocarbon and gaseous hydrocarbon.

According to another example of the present invention, provide the system for the treatment of the hydrocarbon well crevice water from hydrocarbon well, described system comprises the device for being separated from crevice water by solid, wherein produces the current with suspended solid; For current being divided into the device of multiple current; For generating the device of positive charge in multiple current, wherein produce multiple current with positive charge; And for blended multiple device with the current of positive charge.

In the system that at least one is such, for separating of device comprise three-phase, four material eliminators.Such as, and an example particularly, for separating of device comprise the second two phase separator further, described two phase separator comprises the input for receiving the current from three-phase oil separator, and for the output of the current with suspended solid.In another example, also provide: for monitoring the device of oil/water interface level, and for controlling the device of the oil/water interface level in the first and second eliminators.In such example, the device for monitoring comprises oil/water interface level indicator and control valve sensor (such as, cascade control system (cascade control system)).

In some instances, device for current being separated into multiple current comprises manifold, this manifold has input port for receiving the current with suspended solid and multiple output port, and the section area of each output port is less than the section area of the input of manifold; And wherein the section area sum of output port is greater than the section area of input port, and the turnover rate leaving manifold with this is less than the turnover rate entering manifold.In at least one example, manifold comprises 1:12 manifold (such as, the diameter of section of its output port is 4 inches, and input port has larger diameter of section).In alternative exemplary, the device for current being separated into multiple current comprises the waterwheel (water truck) with multiple compartment, and each compartment is oriented to the part receiving current.

In another example, the device for generating positive charge comprises each device with multiple current described in electromagnetic flux process.At least one such example is, comprises with each device of multiple current described in electromagnetic flux process: at least one electric coil managing and have and manage roughly coaxial axis.In the example that some are such, pipe is roughly made up of non-conducting material.In the example that some are such, pipe is roughly made up of stainless steel.In various example, also provide the ringing current on-off circuit being connected to coil.In the example that some are such, ringing current on-off circuit runs to the frequency about between 80kHz with about 10kHz under full-wave.

In another example, comprise manifold for blended device, this manifold has output port and for multiple input port with the current of positive charge.In such example, also comprise Jing Yalieshui and mixed with proppants device for blended device.In various example, most of suspended solid is less than about 100 microns.In the example that some are such, substantially all suspended solids are less than about 100 microns.In the one group of example more limited, most of suspended solid is less than about 10 microns.In the one group of example even more limited, substantially all suspended solids are less than about 10 microns.

In example particularly, for separating of device comprise second-stage separator.In such example, second-stage separator comprises: three phase separator, and it has water and exports, and this water exports the input being connected to two phase separator.In another example, three phase separator comprises four material eliminators, and it has at least four outputs, comprising: slurry, the water wherein with suspended solid, liquid hydrocarbon and gaseous hydrocarbon.

In another example of the present invention, provide the system for the treatment of hydrocarbon well crevice water, this system comprises: multiphase separator; There is the input port of the output being connected to multiphase separator and there is the manifold of multiple output port; Multiple pipe, each pipe has the coil be wrapped on pipe, and wherein each pipe has the input of the output port being connected to manifold, and each pipe has output; Blended manifold, it has the input port of the output being connected to described multiple pipe.

In the system that at least one is such, additionally provide proppant-water mixer, it is connected to the output of blended manifold.

In the system that at least one is such, multiphase separator comprises multiple-stage separator.In example particularly, multiple-stage separator comprises second-stage separator, and wherein the first order of second-stage separator comprises three phase separator, and the second level of second-stage separator comprises two phase separator.In example even particularly, three phase separator comprises four material eliminators, and this four materials eliminator comprises oil-water interface control system.

In another example of the present invention, provide the method for controlling water in three phase separator/liquid hydrocarbon interface, described method comprises: in three phase separator, set up water/liquid hydrocarbon interface; Measure the water/liquid hydrocarbon interface in three phase separator, wherein produce water/liquid hydrocarbon interface level measurement signal; Water/liquid hydrocarbon interface level measurement signal is compared with set point, wherein produces comparison signal; When comparison signal points out water/liquid hydrocarbon interface higher than set point, reduce the recirculation water or the recovered water that enter the three phase separator of hydrocarbon well crevice water; And when comparison signal points out water/liquid hydrocarbon interface lower than set point, increase and enter the flowing of three phase separator, the flowing wherein increased comprise coming artesian well hydrocarbon well crevice water and from the compensation water in holding vessel or lagoon.

In another example, method also comprises: when the flowing entering three phase separator reduces, leave the flowing of three phase separator with the minimizing of identical speed to realize balance, and when the flowing entering three phase separator increases, leave the flowing of three phase separator with identical balancing speed increase.

In another example, provide the system for controlling water in three phase separator/liquid hydrocarbon interface, wherein said system comprises: for setting up the device at water/liquid hydrocarbon interface in three phase separator; For measuring the device at the water/liquid hydrocarbon interface in three phase separator, wherein produce water/liquid hydrocarbon interface level measurement signal; For the device compared with set point by water/liquid hydrocarbon interface level measurement signal, wherein produce comparison signal; When comparison signal points out water/liquid hydrocarbon interface higher than set point, reduce the flowing entering the three phase separator of hydrocarbon well crevice water, and when comparison signal points out water/liquid hydrocarbon interface lower than set point, increase the device entering the flowing of three phase separator, the current wherein increased comprise hydrocarbon well crevice water and compensation water.

In at least one example, the device for setting up water/liquid hydrocarbon interface comprises barrier film net (diaphragm wier).In another example, the device for measuring water/liquid hydrocarbon interface comprises the sensor of liquid level indicator controller type.In further example, water/liquid hydrocarbon interface level measurement signal is compared with set point and comprises continuous capacitance liquid level transmitter.

In some instances, the device for reducing and increase the flowing entering three phase separator comprises turbine flow meter and enters type control valve, its consistent with the input of three phase separator (in line with).

In another example, additionally provide: during for reducing when the flowing entering three phase separator, reduce the flowing leaving three phase separator with balance and the device leaving the flowing of three phase separator during for increasing when the flowing entering three phase separator with the speed increase of identical balance with identical speed.

In the example that at least one is such, comprise flow pattern measuring instrument (flow-type meter) for reducing and increase the device leaving three phase separator, this flow pattern measuring instrument connects for export consistent with the water of three phase separator.In another example, comprise pass flow control valve (orifice-type flow controller) for reducing and increase the device leaving three phase separator, its water controlling three phase separator exports.

Example of the present invention is illustrated further in accompanying drawing, and accompanying drawing is illustrated and is not intended to as Graphing of Engineering or assembly drawing and is not pro rata.Multiple parts are represented by symbolism, and in multiple position, " window " that enter parts illustrates material from a position to the flowing of another position.But, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art which parts is usually closed.Gathering in various technology in this manual, those skilled in the art should know in drawing and description the restrictions that should not be interpreted as any claim terms being represented to other meanings being different from its conventional meaning.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the diagram of well location, it illustrates the flowing for the various materials in each example of the present invention.

Fig. 2 A with 2B, when being connected along their respective dotted lines, is the lateral view of example of the present invention.

Fig. 2 A1 is the alternate embodiment of Fig. 2 A.

Fig. 2 C is the schematic diagram for the control system at least one example of the present invention.

Fig. 3 A with 3B, when being connected by the overlapping member on their dotted line side, is the plan view of the example of Fig. 2 A and 2B.

Fig. 3 C and 3D is isometric view and the lateral view in an orientation of the example of Fig. 2 A-2B and Fig. 3 A-3B respectively.

Fig. 4 is the lateral view of another example of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is the plan view of the example of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is the diagram of well location, it illustrates the flowing for the various materials in each example of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is the diagram of well location, it illustrates the flowing for the various materials in each example of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is the top view of example of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is the lateral view of example of the present invention.

Figure 10 A is the lateral view of the supporting leg 100 of Fig. 8.

Figure 10 B depicts the top view of the foot 101 of Figure 10 A.

Figure 11 is the sectional view intercepted along the line A of Fig. 9.

Figure 12 is the sectional view intercepted along the line C of Fig. 8.

Figure 13 is the sectional view intercepted along the line B of Fig. 8.

Figure 14 A is the top view of the parts of example of the present invention.

Figure 14 B is the sectional view of the parts of Figure 14 A.

Figure 15 is the schematic diagram of control system useful in example of the present invention.

Figure 16 is the representative diagram of system useful in example of the present invention.

Figure 17 is the schematic diagram in the useful control system of example according to the present invention.

Figure 18 is the phantom drawing of example of the present invention.

Figure 19 is the phantom drawing implementing equipment of the present invention.

Figure 20 is the exploded view of the pipe unit of the equipment of Figure 19.

Figure 21 is the longitudinal sectional view intercepted along the pipe unit of Figure 19.

Figure 22 is the circuit diagram of the simplification of the pipe unit of Figure 19.

Figure 23 is the detailed schematic diagram of the circuit of the pipe unit of Figure 19.

The diagram of some waveform that the pipe unit that Figure 24 shows Figure 19 produces at run duration.

Figure 25 is the circuit diagram being similar to Fig. 4, but shows the embodiment of remodeling of the present invention.

Figure 26 is the view being similar to Figure 21, but shows the embodiment of remodeling of the present invention, and in this embodiment, pipe unit only has a coil around liquid flow pipe.

Figure 27 is the detailed circuit diagram being similar to Figure 23, but shows the circuit for using together with the pipe unit of Figure 27.

Figure 28 is the chart of the current preferred value of some parameter indicating the equipment of Figure 19 to 24.

Detailed description of the invention

Referring now to Fig. 1, Fig. 1, be the flow chart that the present invention uses in hydrocarbon well, described hydrocarbon well tools has wellhole 1, and this wellhole 1 has cement tube (cemented casing) 3, and this cement tube 3 is through the Fractured zone of being isolated by packer.Coil pipeline 9 inserts the fracturing operation known for those skilled in the art by rig 11.

Recirculation water (and/or recovered water) is directed into three-phase solid/liquid/gas/hydrocarbon/separator 10, arbitrary liquid hydrocarbon and gaseous hydrocarbon produce from this eliminator, and the water from this eliminator 10 is directed into pressure break water store tank 17, this holding vessel can also comprise the water (being also called " supply " water) from other sources.Wet solid is passed to two phase separator 14 from three phase separator 10, and two phase separator produces water and slurry, and wherein water is passed to chilling system 32, and slurry is passed to kiln 24.Slag is passed to mill 40 from kiln 24 by chilling system 32 and is then passed to grinder 40.The material of milling is separated into specific size at sieve part 50 place, and the material be milled with specific dimensions is sent to proppant storage warehouse 26, and proppant storage warehouse also can comprise the proppant from other sources (such as, husky supplier).Water is provided to biocide/coalescer unit 13.Proppant is provided to blender 15 from storehouse 26, and water is supplied to blender 15 from biocide/coalescer unit 13; Then mixed water and proppant are provided to fracturing pump 19, and mixture pumps in well by this fracturing pump, and mixture is pressure break oil shale layer 21 in well.If needed, other additive can be provided to blender 15.Meanwhile, in alternative exemplary, proppant can be added to the water prior to before biocide/coalescer unit 13.

Example of the present invention is from being produced the proppant with specific dimensions scope by the slurry extracted the hydrocarbon well of hydraulic pressure pressure break.

Example more specifically can be seen in Fig. 2 A and 2C and Fig. 3 A-3D.In this example, slurry from be gathered in traditional three phase separation tank 10 (it has general design well known by persons skilled in the art) bottom gravitational settling slurry extract.In the concrete example of Fig. 2 A, as those skilled in the art expect, water/liquid hydrocarbon interface level by means of the inner or outside dipperstick (not shown) installed help from any liquid hydrocarbon product of backflow or extraction current (when it enters eliminator 10, under it is in pressure) separation and gather.Indicator sends low/high liquid level flow cavitation result data integrator (not shown) of level measuring signal to pre-programmed.When the water level in eliminator 10 reaches high level-set point, data integrator actuation control passes through the control valve (not shown) of the flowing of water service pipe 10a (being marked with " water inlet ") to reduce the water yield entering three phase separator, and turnover rate continues to reduce, until reach inflow and the point that balance equal with the water yield of extracting out from three phase separator.On the contrary, if the drawdown in three phase separator 10 is to lower than low level-set point, data integrator activates and opens further and enters control valve in pipe 10a to increase discharge or rate of flow of water, and this discharge or rate of flow of water are enough to stable interface liquid level.If extra water shortage is to be stabilized in the water level of interface level, then integrator actuated pump (not shown) and open another control valve (not shown) of the discharge pipe (not shown) being arranged in water store tank 17 (Fig. 1).Discharge pipe is connected to and enters pipe 10a, continues to flow into three phase separator, until the water level in eliminator 10 reaches suitable interface level thus together with water and the backflow of pressure break water store tank 17 or the water of extraction.Then, compensation water control valve is closed and is compensated water pump and closes down.In order to realize by refluxing or separation and stable state and the continuous print operational stability in gathering of bringing any liquid hydrocarbon product of three phase separator to current into of extraction, this control sequence is needs.

Weir plate helps being separated and gathering of liquid hydrocarbon product with the structure (being usually known as gas/oil separative element) of baffle plate, if any, by interface level being used as the maximum height of the water in eliminator and liquid hydrocarbon product weir plate being flow through at it in the top allowing lighter liquid hydrocarbon to float over water layer then and is drawn out of by as liquid hydrocarbon product after hydrocarbon liquid product Outlet flange connecting portion is drawn out of.Horizontal baffle under weir plate limits the potential water yield that then may be blended with liquid hydrocarbon product stream.When the current of backflow or extraction enter three phase separator 10, decompressor discharges lighter gaseous hydrocarbon and their release helps the floating and gaseous hydrocarbon product of liquid hydrocarbon product by the release of outlet 10c.Water flows to compensator (not shown) by pipe 10b and then by blowback water pot 17 (Fig. 1) from eliminator 10.

What slurry was moved upward to two-phase water/solid knockout drum 14 from eliminator 10 by motor-driven positive displacement diaphragm type slush pump 12 enters opening, produces by pump 19 pump to the liquid stream 18 of quencher (being labeled as " Q ") and efflux of solids 16.From the bottom of two-phase water/solid knockout drum 14, the grout material of the precipitation of the bottom from water/solid knockout drum 14 is upwards transported from the liquid level of water and they is discharged to feed hopper 22 (Fig. 2 B) by scooper conveyer 20.Effluent can from Fig. 2 A, it carries out along dotted line, dotted line is connected with the dotted line on Fig. 2 B left side, and slurry is shown as in the feed hopper 22 being gathered in scorification, rotary kiln 24 in fig. 2b, leaves slurry water and is retained in water/solid knockout drum 14 and elevator 20 to make it.As a result, all separation (current puts into practice) at atmosheric pressure but not in pressurizing vessel realize.

In feed hopper 22, the grout material from water/pulp separation tank mixes with the specification proppant from storehouse 26 (Fig. 1) and from the too small or excessive solid material of final sieve part unit 50 (describing below).

Along with the fusion process of proppant material continues, inorganic proppant material is molten into consistent block, and may appear at from water/solid knockout drum 14 to the burned and evaporation before gas is finally discharged to air-exhaust ventilator 30 of the volatile organic material in stream.

The proppant material left from rotary kiln 24 when it occurs from the outlet of kiln 24, by with current chilling to reduce the temperature of material.In some instances, the material of discharge flows on perforation, motor-driven stainless steel conveyor belt 35 and water pours on the band 35 of movement by spreader nozzle 34, thus solidification cooled supports agent material.Water for chilling proppant material comes from water/solid knockout drum 14 (see Fig. 2 A), by using such as motor-driven centrifugal pump 19 water to be pushed to the chilling nozzle 34 of Fig. 3 B.Excessive water catch tray 36 is placed in below conveyer belt 35 to collect and to gather any excessive chilled water (chw) and its pipeline returning " R " by motor-driven centrifugal pump 21 and the flowing be shown as in Fig. 2 A is transmitted backwater/solid knockout drum 14.

Due to the high internal stress that uneven contraction and the rapid quench of proppant material cause, when the proppant material of heat is discharged from kiln 24, the proppant material of this heat of chilling causes a large amount of crack that is random, different temperatures or crack.The block of the different size of proppant material is directly entered materials pulverizer 40.

Pulverize or broken proppant material large irregular piece and reduce them size in some instances by motor drivings well known by persons skilled in the art, vertical axes, cycle, the cone of bias or jaw crusher complete.The degree that size reduces is regulated by change interval or mill gap, allows thus to produce scantlings different in certain limit, as is known to persons skilled in the art.

The size of determining proppant material is after proppant material is discharged to the bottom of mill, by the proppant material pulverized grinding or pulverized.In the example shown in the series of figures, material is upwards sent to ball grinder 46 by scooper conveyer 44.In at least one alternative exemplary, employ excellent grinder.Grinder 46 is conditioned with the rotation by changing rod in grinder 46 or ball, size and interval (or rotation of grinder) and proppant material is pulverized into different specific dimensions scopes.

Ground proppant material to flow downward pulverizing district and being discharged on the sieve part 50 of vibration by grinder due to gravity, and the size of mesh opening of sieve part 50 is optionally designed to specific sieve aperture value.Such as, for soft mineral shale, mesh opening is in the scope of 590 microns or #30 sieve aperture.(such as) for hard mineral shale, mesh opening is by the scope of 150 microns or #100 sieve aperture.The proppant material with suitable size is flowed downward due to gravity and to be exported by the sieve part of the selectable size of tool at " A " place.The proppant material that the sieve part 53 of the vibration by tilting is excessive is escape on band 51a (more preferably illustrating in figure 3b), and part 55 is sieved in remaining falling.Proppant material between sieve part 53 and the size of 55 is left as the proppant with correct size at " A " place and is sent to storehouse 26 (Fig. 1).Too small proppant drops on band 51a, and band 51a transmits too small and excessive proppant to band 51b, and proppant is then transmitted back to kiln 24 by elevator 25 by band 51b.Fig. 3 A and 3B illustrates the top view of example of the present invention, in this example, parts and biocide and miscellaneous part (such as, seeing Figure 4 and 5) are installed on trailer or skid mounted equipment together, and this trailer or skid (skid) are assembled in well location.Such trailer or skid pass through leveling jack 81 in some instances by leveling.

As illustrated in figures 3 c and 3d, elevator 25 to deposit a material in the top of feed hopper 22 and the material from storehouse is deposited in feed hopper 22 from lower horizontal plane by the opening feed hopper 22 by elevator 23.

The proppant material stream with suitable size is due to gravity by being fed to for being sent to specification proppant storage warehouse 26 (Fig. 1) in specification sand bin (not shown), and this storage warehouse also can comprise the specification proppant from another source.

Referring now to Fig. 2 B, control the viscosity of proppant feed mixture thus to obtain the stability maintaining optimum fusion temperature (in some instances, optimum temperature is 2200 degrees Fahrenheits) be expect.Along with proppant feed mixture temperature rises, due to the heat in kiln 24, when the temperature in proppant mixture reaches the fusion temperature of silica or sand, the process various inorganic material being melted to consistent viscosity block is implemented.The viscosity of proppant material is the function of material own temperature.Such control realizes in many ways.

In at least one example, the temperature of the material of fusing is measured by any means well known to those skilled in the art, such as, when the material melted leaves kiln, measures with the optics pyrostat in chilling system 32.If temperature is higher than the fusing point of material, material will be too liquid, thus will reduce to the fuel of kiln.Meanwhile, more specification proppant can be added to feed hopper 22.This affects temperature, because uneven also moist from the material of slurry, adds the level and smooth variability of proppant from storehouse.

Referring now to Fig. 2 C, Fig. 2 C, show schematic diagram, wherein sensor 67 sends the signal of the temperature of the output of kiln 24 to integrator 69.Then, integrator 69 controls variable speed machine 90 (Fig. 3 A), this variable speed machine operation elevator 23 (see Fig. 3 B), this elevator 23 sends the proppant of the bottom in self-supporting agent storehouse 26 and is discharged to scorification rotary kiln feed hopper 22.Different flow of material is blended in feed hopper 22 before they enter the rotary drum of kiln 24.Based on the change of the composition of the material from water/solid knockout drum 14, specification proppant needs to be added to and is conditioned from the amount of the flow of material of water/solid tank 14 or ratio.Which increase the uniformity of the proppant material feed mixture that kiln 24 uses in fusion process.In at least one example, if temperature is too high, the fuel adding burner to reduces; If this can't the too high problem of correcting temperature, then the amount of adding the proppant of kiln to will increase.Similarly, if temperature is too low, the fuel adding burner to increases, and if those inoperative words, the amount of proppant reduces.To those skilled in the art, the layout substituted can be expected.

Get back to Fig. 2 C, integrator 69 goes back control valve 63 to increase or to reduce the supply for the fuel 61 of kiln burner 65.

Refer again to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 shows an example of the present invention, and wherein eliminator 10 supplies slurry to eliminator 14, and combines the injection to be used in new fracture job from the water of eliminator 10 and new " supply " water (in tank 17).That combines flows through United States Patent (USP) 6,063, electromagnetic biological agent for killing/the coalescer 13 of the type described in No. 267 processes, this patent is for all objects (described electromagnetic biological agent for killing/coalescer commercially can have been bought as Dolphin model_2000) incorporated herein by reference, it is set as applying electromagnetic pulse at least one example, and this electromagnetic pulse has following feature: at optional, the variable and adjustable frequency about between 10-80KHz in scope.Such pulse foot, to kill biologic artifact and to make positive charge be applied to water, makes the solid dissolved to precipitate in well and to condense.

Figure 4 and 5 are lateral view and the top view of system on exemplary trailer-mounted or skid respectively, described system comprises a set of biocide/coalescer 70a-70l, and it is organized as the pressure break tank water received for the turnover rate type in common shale fracturing operation.These unit are advanced from electric control panel 72, and electric control panel is connected to built on stilts (overhead) electric power and controls dispensing rack 73, and this is connected to built on stilts power feeding section part 71a-71l.Electric power is supplied by the motor 75 of electric rotating generator (electrical generator) 77, and this electric generator is connected to power feeding section 79 for supplying electric power in manners known to the person skilled in the art.

Referring now to Fig. 2 A1, it illustrates the alternate embodiment of the embodiment in Fig. 2 A, wherein the water level of two phase separator 14 is the same with the water level of three phase separator 10.In such embodiments, exist and be communicated with by the fluid of diaphragm pump 12, and under tank is in atmospheric pressure, make gas-liquid interface in identical liquid level.

Referring now to Fig. 6, according to another example of the present invention, there is provided system for the hydrocarbon well crevice water of process from hydrocarbon well, described system comprises the device for being separated from crevice water by solid, this device comprises three-phase, four material eliminators 10, and the flowing wherein with the water of suspended solid causes it to flow to pressure break water store tank 17.At this place, so-called " compensation water " can be added in crevice water holding vessel 17, and current are by the device for current being separated into multiple current (describing in detail below); To the device (such as, a set of biocide coalescer as above or unit) for generating positive charge in multiple current, wherein produce multiple current with positive charge.For mix multiple device with the current of positive charge water be passed to blender 15 for ensuing well fracturing operation in before positive charge more uniformly in dispensing water.

Fig. 7 illustrate for separating of device also comprise the example of the second level, two phase separator 14, two phase separator comprises the input for receiving the current from three-phase oil separator.Current from three phase separator obtain from the middle part of eliminator, and most solid drops on bottom, as mentioned above.But the water from three phase separator comprises the suspended solid that may damage biocide coalescer or unit.Thus, in one exemplary embodiment, the current from three phase separator 10 are passed to the input of two phase separator 14, and two phase separator 14 also comprises the output of the current of the less suspended solid for having suspension.Solid is also dropped on its underpart section by two phase separator 14 in a form of slurry.Slurry from three phase separator 10 and two phase separator 14 is processed (such as, described above) in some other way further or is disposed.

Referring now to Fig. 8 and 9, illustrated therein is the position according to useful three-phase, four material eliminators 90 and the three phase separator 10 of some embodiments of the present invention, as can be seen.Eliminator 90 comprises input 92, slurry output 94, liquid hydrocarbon output 98 and gas and exports 80.As shown in Figure 10 A, eliminator 90 is soldered to the leg 100 of the sidepiece of eliminator 90 (it comprises foot 101, supports as shown in Figure 10 B).

Refer again to Fig. 9 and Figure 11 (it is the sectional drawing intercepted along the line A in Fig. 9) and Figure 13 (it is the sectional drawing intercepted along the line B in Fig. 8), baffle plate 111 allows the water with some suspended solids to leave eliminator 90, and larger solid leaves as slurry at outlet at bottom 94.Figure 12 illustrates the sectional drawing (the line C along Fig. 8 intercepts) of input 92, and wherein input pipe 92 is supported by support portion 120, and this support portion is connected to the bottom of eliminator 90 and keeps input pipe 92 and saddle portion (saddle).

In another example, also provide: for monitoring the device of oil/water interface level; With the device for controlling the oil/water interface level in the first and second eliminators.In such example, the device for monitoring comprises oil/water interface level indicator and control valve sensor (such as, cascade control system).

As shown in figure 18, in some instances, device for current being separated into multiple current comprises manifold 181, its have input port valve 183 with receive from for separating of the current with the solid of suspension of device, and described manifold 181 also has the multiple output ports being attached to biocide coalescer unit 184, the cross sectional area of each output port is less than the cross sectional area of the input of manifold.In some instances, the summation of the cross sectional area of output port is greater than the cross sectional area of input port, and the turnover rate leaving manifold is thus less than the turnover rate entering manifold.In at least one example, manifold 181 comprises 1:12 manifold (such as, having diameter of section is the output port of 4 inches and the input port of more heavy in section diameter).In alternative exemplary, the device for current being separated into multiple current comprises waterwheel (not shown) as known in the art, and it has multiple compartment, and each compartment is oriented to the part receiving current.In operation, water enters manifold 181 by valve 183, and flowing when the biocide coalescer unit 184 that current are connected in parallel is divided into parallel current and slow down, to increase the life period for applying electromagnetic flux, thus maximizing the positive charge that electromagnetic flux is applied to water.The output of unit 184 mixes in manifold 186, and the output of manifold 186 is controlled by valve 188.The whole assembly of manifold and biocide coalescer unit is installed on framework 184 in some instances, and it is upper or in the flat board of the truck for transporting that framework 184 can be lifted to the platform (pad) of well location by harness (harness) 186.

In another example, the device for generating positive charge comprises each device for using the multiple current of electromagnetic flux process.At least one such example is shown in Figure 19-28, and wherein for using each device of the multiple current of electromagnetic flux process to comprise: pipe and at least one electric coil, this electric coil has the axis roughly coaxial with pipe.In the example that some are such, pipe is made up of non-conducting material substantially.In the example that some are such, pipe is made up of stainless steel substantially.In multiple example, also provide ringing current on-off circuit, it is connected to coil.In the example that some are such, ringing current on-off circuit runs at about 10KHz with full-wave to the frequency about between 80KHz.

Particularly, still see Figure 19-28, first forward Figure 19 to, implement equipment of the present invention and be roughly appointed as 910, and substantially comprise pipe unit 912 and AC power 914.Pipe unit 912 comprises pipe 916, by pipe 916 on the liquid flow direction pointed out in arrow A by processed liquid.Pipe 916 can be made of a variety of materials, but the process of liquid affected due to managed unit 912 relates to electromagnetic flux by the wall of pipe and the path entered through in the liquid of pipe, pipe is preferably made up of non-conducting material be consumed in the eddy current that the flux avoiding arriving liquid sets up due to some flux in tube material and reduce.Other parts of pipe unit 912 are comprised in or are arranged on around on the housing 918 of the roughly cylindricality of pipe 916.

Pipe unit 912 preferably and operated by relatively low voltage source for being designed to as mentioned below, such as, there is the power supply that voltage is the frequency of 911V (rms) to 37V (rms) and 60Hz, therefore, illustrated power supply 914 is voltage step-down transformers, it has primary side and exports electric wire 924, primary side is connected to by connector 922 adaptation to be connected to the input electric wire 920 of standard mains (such as with the mains supply that 120V 60Hz or 240V 60Hz power), output is wired to the primary side of transformer and supplies lower voltage electricity to pipe unit 912.Pipe unit 912 can be designed to use together with the pipe 916 with different-diameter, and the specific output voltage provided by power supply 914 is selected as the size of the diameter of the most applicable pipe and the associated components of pipe unit and design.

Pipe unit 912, except housing 918 and pipe 916, substantially form by around the electric coil device of pipe and on-off circuit, this on-off circuit for controlling electric current by coil device, to produce by the consecutive periods of the ringing current of coil device and the continuous print ringing cycle of the electromagnetic flux through the liquid in pipe 916 that causes.Forming the quantity of the coil of coil device, design and layout can be different, and such as, in Figure 20 and 21, coil device is shown as has four coils, L ₁, L ₂-outer, L ₂-Nei and L ₃, they are to be similar to United States Patent (USP) 5,702, and the mode of 600 is arranged, this patent is incorporated herein by reference for all reasons.As shown in Figure 20 and 21, the coil longitudinal section 926,928 and 930 different from three of pipe 916 is associated.That is, coil L ₁bobbin 932 is wound around along this bobbin, and this bobbin then extends along tube section 926, coil L ₃bobbin 934 is wound around along this bobbin, and this bobbin extends along tube section 930 oneself, and two coil L ₂-Nei and L ₂-external bobbin 936 is wound around, and this bobbin 936 extends along tube section 928 self, its coil L ₂-be wrapped in coil L outward ₂on-Nei.Two coil L ₂-Nei and L ₂-outer face on the other wrapped around one another, or closely related to one another, and produce the winding electric capacity between two coils, this forms all or part of of the electric capacity of series resonant circuit hereinafter described.

See Figure 20, the housing 918 of pipe unit 912 is made up of cylindrical shell 938 and two annular end parts 940 and 942.The parts of composition on-off circuit are carried by end pieces 940, and at least some in described parts is installed in and is fixed on heat sink 944 of end pieces 940 by screw 946.In the assembling of pipe unit 912, end pieces 940 is slided on pipe 916 by the right-hand member of pipe first as can be seen from Fig. 20, slide into the position of some distances of right-hand member apart from pipe, and then fastened screw 948 is fixed to pipe.Then three coil bobbins 932,936 and 934 and their coil move to pipe 916 continuously from the left end of pipe, until they against each other with end pieces 940, between bobbin and pipe, be applied with adhesive, so that bobbin is adhesively bonded to pipe.Annular collar 950 then from the left end of pipe slide into pipe and with coil L ₃become abutting relation, and fastened screw 960,960 is fixed to pipe.Then shell 938 slides and is fixed to end pieces 940 at its right-hand member by screw 962,962 on pipe.Finally, end pieces 942 to slide at pipe 916 from the left end of pipe and is then fixed to shell 938 by screw 964 and is fixed to pipe by holding screw 966.

Figure 22 shows the basic wiring diagram of pipe unit 912.The input terminal being connected to power supply 914 is marked as 968 and 970.These input terminals 968 and 970 are connected to coil and on-off circuit 972 by the mode shown in the linkage that comprises thermal overload switch 974 by the linkage comprising illustrated conductor.Arrow B indicates the clockwise direction of coil winding, and with this with reference to consistent, coil L ₃with coil L ₂-be wound around around pipe 916 in the clockwise direction outward, and coil L ₁and L ₂-Nei is wound around around pipe in the counterclockwise direction.Consider these winding directions and illustrated electrical connection, will be appreciated that and work as current i _cwhen the direction that arrow C is pointed out flows through coil, through each coil center and illustrated by arrow E, F, G and H in fig. 22 by the direction of the magnetic flux of the liquid in pipe thus.That is, through coil L ₁, L ₂-Nei and L ₃the flux at center move on a longitudinal direction of pipe, and through coil L ₂the flux at-outer center moves in the opposite direction.Depend on the design of on-off circuit 972, may need or expect for on-off circuit 972 provides Local earth grounds, and in this case, on-off circuit be connected to input terminal 968 and 970 by isolating transformer 976, as shown in figure 22.

Figure 23 is the wiring diagram illustrating in greater detail on-off circuit 972 in Figure 22 and linkage.See Figure 23, on-off circuit 972 comprises 12V power supply electronic circuit 976, comparator electronic circuit 978, timer electronic circuit 980, switch 982 and indicator electronic circuit 984.

Parts D2, R5, C5, R6 and Z1 comprise 12V DC power supply electronic circuit 976, and power supply electronic circuit is powered to the miscellaneous part of circuits for triggering.Resistance R1 and R2 and operational amplifier U1 forms comparator electronic circuit 978.Resistance R1 and R2 forms divider, and this divider sends with the signal of the AC voltage in proportion applied to operational amplifier U1.Electric capacity C1 shakes to prevent amplifier U1 for filtering any " noise " voltage that may be present in ac input voltage.Amplifier U1 is connected the output voltage to produce " low " (zero) on online 986 for timing whenever the AC voltage applied, and when AC voltage be bear time generation " height " (+12V) output.

When AC supply voltage strides across zero and starts to become positive voltage, amplifier U1 is switched to low output.This triggers 555 timer chip U2 to produce high output on its pin 93.It is instantaneous to make trigger impulse that electric capacity C2 and R3 is used as high-pass filter, and non-stable.Be retained as low about half millisecond at the voltage of the pin 92 of U2.This instantaneous low trigger voltage causes U2 on pin 93, keep the high voltage (+12V) maintained.

Switch 982 can adopt various different form, and the electronic circuit that can be made up of multiple independently parts, and be three terminals or the triode switch respectively with first, second, and third terminal 988,990 and 992 in all situations, wherein the 3rd terminal 992 is gate terminals, and switch is designed to by the signal of telecommunication is applied to gate terminal 992, switch can the first and second terminals relative to each other closed opening between pass (OFF) situation that (ON) situation and the first and second terminals relative to each other open switch.Illustrated in Figure 23 and in preferred situation, switch 982 is single MOSFET (Q1).Once the voltage being applied to gate terminal 992 becomes positive voltage owing to appearing at the input AC voltage striding across input terminal 968 and 970 and becomes positive voltage, MOSFET (Q1), with regard to conducting, is set to the situation relative to each other closed by terminal 988 and 990.This allows electric current at coil L conversely ₁, L ₂-Nei, L ₂-outer and L ₃middle formation.When after the time constant passage that the vector product (product) by resistance R4 and electric capacity C3 is formed, the pin 93 of 555 chip U2 is returned to low output, and MOSFET (Q1) is changed to its OFF situation.When this closedown of (Q1) occurs, any electric current still flowed in coil is transferred to the electric capacity striding across (Q1) terminal 988 and 990 and occur.As shown in figure 23, this electric capacity is by primarily of two coil L ₂-Nei and L ₂the wiring capacitance C that-outer tight association causes _ccomposition.This winding electric capacity self is enough to be used in the object creating useful series resonant circuit with coil, if but need extra electric capacity, then it can by tuning capacitance (C other separately _t) supply.

When switch (Q1) forwards OFF to or opens situation, any electric current still flowed in coil is transferred to electric capacity (C _cand/or C _t), the formation series resonant circuit and this electric capacity combines with coil and power supply, this series resonant circuit makes electric current by coil to present ringing waveform and to produce the ring electromagnetic flux by the liquid in pipe 916 thus.By regulating variable resistor R4, the timing of opening of switch (Q1) can be conditioned much earlier or later occur in each operation half period of ac input voltage.Preferably, carry out regulating circuit by such mode: start with the maximum resistance of R4, and then at leisure by it towards lower resistance value adjusting, till the LED indicator 994 of indicator electronic circuit 984 is lighted.This ought stride across electric capacity (C _cand/or C _t) the peak voltage that formed occurs more than during 150V, at this voltage, two Zener diode Z2 can conducting.Zener diode charges to electric capacity 962, and the voltage produced opens LED 994.When this indicator LED is luminous, then the adjustment of resistance R4 becomes contrary direction, until LED just extinguishes, and this arranges switch (Q1) thus to generate the bell signal of 150V.

Figure 24 illustrates the function of the circuit of Figure 23 by the waveform occurred during the operation of circuit.See this figure, waveform 996 is across the waveform of the AC supply voltage that input terminal 968 and 970 applies, and described voltage is alternating voltage, and it has first group of half period 998 of the positive voltage replaced with second group of half period 900 with negative voltage.The circuit of Figure 23 is the circuit operated under half wave mode, during this half wave mode has the ringing current only produced in the coil of pipe unit in response to each positive half period 998.Waveform 902 represent the open and close of switch (Q1) duration, and according to this waveform, can notice, during each positive half period 998 of supply voltage, switch (Q1) is closed during the initial part of described half period, and the time before the end for a long time of this half period opens (accurate timing of wherein this generation can be regulated by adjustable resistor R4).

The opening and closing of switch (Q1) produce the current waveform being expressed as 904 in fig. 24, this is for each positive half period of supply voltage, make during the beginning of this half period, to be started from scratch increase by the electric current of coil, switch (Q1) cuts out in the meantime, opening then based on switch (Q1), the time period that electric current ring one section is given.The voltage that the coil striding across pipe unit occurs is illustrated by the waveform 906 of Figure 24, and presents ring shape based on the voltage opened of switch (Q1), and this shape has a lot of maximum voltage doubly of voltage being greater than power supply 914 and providing.

The frequency of the ringing current produced in coil and the frequency striding across the ringing voltage that coil produces can stride across by change the electric capacity (C that switch (Q1) occurs _cand/or C _t) and change, and be preferably set to the frequency in the scope of 10kHz to 80kHz.

The parameter of the equipment in Figure 19-24, comprises rated pipe size, layout from the coil the angle of the number of turn, spacing and length, tuning capacitance electric capacity and the rated supply voltage that is associated provides in the form of a table among Figure 28.

As mentioned above, to Figure 22,23 and 24 relevant and to describe and illustrated on-off circuit is can by the ringing current of the length of each alternate half-cycles that operates to produce for the supply voltage applied and ringing voltage.But if needed, on-off circuit also can be designed to operate under full-wave, each half period wherein for supply voltage during ringing current and ringing voltage produces.As shown in figure 25, this can be realized to increase second switch circuit 908 by the circuit changed in Figure 22, and second switch circuit is identical with the first on-off circuit 972, except being contrary directions with the first circuit 972 in electric current and voltage.That is, in fig. 25, first circuit 972 presses aforesaid operations during each positive half period of the voltage applied, and second circuit 908 operates by identical mode during the negative half-cycle of the voltage applied, as a result, electric current and the quantity during voltage of ring in preset time section double by quantity during the circuit in Figure 22 produces compared in the identical time period.

Equally, as mentioned above, the variable amounts of the coil used in pipe unit 912, and if if required, pipe unit 912 can be only made up of a coil and not depart from the present invention.Figure 26 is relevant to this structure with 27, and wherein Figure 26 shows and has single coil 910 and to be wrapped on bobbin 912 and around the pipe unit of pipe 916.The on-off circuit used together with the unicoil pipe unit of Figure 26 illustrates in figure 27, and be roughly similar to the on-off circuit of Figure 23, except not producing significant wiring capacitance due to single coil 910, need the tuning capacitance (C that the first and second terminals 988 and 990 striding across switch (Q1) are provided _t).In addition, because coil device is made up of single coil 910 and is fully positioned on the side of switch (Q1), do not need to provide the isolating transformer 976 in Figure 23 to set up the Local earth grounds for the parts of on-off circuit.

In another example shown in Figure 18, comprise manifold 186 for blended device, this manifold has the input port for having the flowing of positive charge from the multiple devices for generating positive charge 184 multiple and is connected to the output current with positive charge are directed to the output port of blender for the valve 188 of well fracturing operation.In multiple example, the solid that major part suspends is less than about 100 microns.In the example that some are such, substantially all suspended solids are less than about 100 microns.In the one group of example more limited, the solid that major part suspends is less than 10 microns.In the one group of example even more limited, substantially all levitated objects are all less than 10 microns.

See Figure 16 and 17, show the system at the water/liquid hydrocarbon interface controlled in three phase separator, wherein said system comprises: for setting up the device at water/liquid hydrocarbon interface in three phase separator; For measuring the device at the water/liquid hydrocarbon interface in three phase separator, wherein produce water/liquid hydrocarbon interface level measurement signal; For by the water/device of liquid hydrocarbon interface level measurement signal compared with set point, wherein produce compare result signal; When comparison signal show water/liquid hydrocarbon interface higher than during set point for reducing the flowing of the three phase separator entering hydrocarbon well crevice water ,and when comparison signal shows that water/liquid hydrocarbon interface is lower than increasing the device entering the flowing of three phase separator during set point, the flowing wherein increased comprises hydrocarbon well crevice water and compensation water.

In at least one example, as shown in figs. 14 a-b, comprise barrier film net 140 for the device setting up water/liquid hydrocarbon interface, and ideally, oil-water interface produces at net bottom 140b place.Controlled by the flow meter in Figure 15 and 16 and control valve.

Referring now to Figure 17, provide three-phase, four material eliminators interface level control more detailed example.As shown in the figure, the entering of recirculation water to eliminator is flowed by turbine measuring instrument (FE-101)/transmitter (FT-101) measurement and is controlled via flow governor (FIC-101) by flow control valve (FV-101).Compensation water enters flowing and is measured by orifice plate (FE-103)/dP transmitter (FT-103) and controlled via flow governor (FIC-103) by flow control valve (FV-103).Go out current measured by orifice plate (FE-102)/dP transmitter (FT-102) and controlled via flow governor (FIC-102) by flow control valve (FV-102).In eliminator, oil and the interface level of water are also measured by continuous capacitance liquid level transmitter (LT-100) by magnetic fluid level gauge (LG-100).Two level gauges are all installed on the outside liquid level inter-access piece be made up of 2 inch diameter pipes.Inter-access piece comprise hand-operated valve (HV-1, HV-2, HV-3, HV-4, HV-5, HV-6, HV-9 and HV-10) for those skilled in the art the maintenance of instrument of thinkable inter-access piece and attachment.HV-1 and HV-2 is used to inter-access piece and process (process) to isolate.HV-3 and HV-4 is respectively applied for drainage and ventilation inter-access piece.HV-5 and HV-6 is used to content gauge and process to isolate.HV-9 and HV-10 is used to liquid level transmitter chamber and process to isolate.Each apparatus preparation on inter-access piece has the valve for safeguarding.HV-7 and HV-8 is a part for content gauge and is respectively applied for drainage and ventilation content gauge.HV-11 is a part for liquid level transmitter chamber and is used to this chamber of drainage.

Water in eliminator/liquid hydrocarbon interface (namely " oil/water interface ") liquid level is kept by fluid level controller (LIC-100), and enters flow governor (FIC-101) to backflow, compensation water enters flow governor (FIC-103) and go out water flow controller (FIC-102) and carry out cascade Mach-Zehnder interferometer (cascade control).Cascade Mach-Zehnder interferometer by fluid level controller send remote setting point (RSP) to the flow governor be associated and the set point resetting them to keep interface level to realize.

All controllers are set to for steady-state condition to keep normal liquid level (NLL=50%).The set point of independent controller is determined by the capacity expected and separator size.

In an operational example, along with interface level increases, fluid level controller resets out water flow controller and opens to choke valve, resets backflow simultaneously and enters flow governor to choke valve closedown to keep normal liquid liquid level.High liquid level (HLL=80%) alarm is triggered by interface level transmitter, and this transmitter sends analog signal to operator, allows operator to take suitable action to regain the control to interface level or operation conditions.

Along with interface level reduces, fluid level controller will go out water flow controller and be reset to choke valve cut out, backflow be entered flow governor simultaneously and be reset to choke valve and open to keep normal liquid liquid level.If interface level is reduced to low liquid level (LLL=10%), compensating flow controller is placed in cascade Mach-Zehnder interferometer by software switch LX-100 from interface level controller by system.

Should be borne in mind that above-described embodiment represents by means of only the mode of example, and creationary concept should be defined as specific physique.According to this description, those skilled in the art will expect that some change, and do not depart from the purpose and scope of the invention.Each element of stating in appended claims and step are understood to include all equivalent elements and step.Claim can by any form legal covering the present invention as broadly as possible used with it.The equivalent scheme of the invention described in claim is also intended to be included within the scope of the claims.The all patent pointed out herein, patent application and alternative document are incorporated into this by way of reference for all objects.

Claims (52)

1., for the treatment of a method for the hydrocarbon well crevice water from hydrocarbon well, described method comprises:

Solid is separated with crevice water, wherein causes producing the current with suspended solid;

Described current are separated into multiple current;

In described multiple current, generate positive charge, wherein cause producing multiple current with positive charge;

Described generation is multiple there are the current of positive charge after, by blended for described multiple current with positive charge.

2. the method for claim 1, also comprises:

Monitor oil/water interface level; With

Control the described oil/water interface level in eliminator.

3. the method for claim 1, also comprises the turnover rate slowed down in described multiple current, makes it lower than the turnover rate of current with suspended solid.

4. the method for claim 1, wherein said in current, generate that positive charge comprises with in multiple current described in electromagnetic flux process each.

5. the method for claim 1, the major part of wherein said suspended solid is less than about 100 microns.

6. method as claimed in claim 5, wherein substantially all described suspended solids are less than about 100 microns.

7. method as claimed in claim 5, the major part of wherein said suspended solid is less than about 10 microns.

8. method as claimed in claim 7, wherein substantially all described suspended solids are less than about 10 microns.

9. the method for claim 1, wherein said separating step comprises the second-order separation.

10. method as claimed in claim 9, wherein said the second-order separation comprises:

Make described crevice water through three phase separator, wherein cause producing the water exported from described three phase separator; With

Make the water exported from described three phase separator through two phase separator.

11. methods as claimed in claim 10, wherein said three phase separator comprises four material eliminators, and this four materials eliminator comprises at least four outputs, and described output comprises: slurry, the water wherein with suspended solid, liquid hydrocarbon and gaseous hydrocarbon.

12. 1 kinds of systems processed from the hydrocarbon well crevice water of hydrocarbon well, described system comprises:

For the device that solid is separated with crevice water, wherein cause producing the current with suspended solid;

For described current being separated into the device of multiple current;

For generating the device of positive charge in described multiple current, wherein cause producing multiple current with positive charge; With

For blended described multiple device with the current of positive charge.

13. systems as claimed in claim 12, wherein for separating of described device comprise three-phase, four material eliminators.

14. systems as claimed in claim 13, wherein for separating of described device also comprise the second two phase separator, described two phase separator comprises for receiving the input from the current of described three-phase oil separator and the output for the current with suspended solid.

15. systems as claimed in claim 13, also comprise:

For monitoring the device of oil/water interface level; With

For controlling the device of the oil/water interface level in the first and second eliminators.

16. systems as claimed in claim 15, the described device wherein for monitoring comprises oil/water interface level indicator and control valve sensor.

17. systems as claimed in claim 15, the described device wherein for controlling comprises cascade control system.

18. systems as claimed in claim 12, device wherein for current being separated into multiple current comprises manifold, this manifold has reception and has the input port of the current of suspended solid and multiple output port, and the section area of each described output port is less than the section area of the input of described manifold; And

The section area of wherein said output port and the section area that is greater than described input port, the turnover rate leaving described manifold is thus less than the turnover rate entering described manifold.

19. systems as claimed in claim 18, wherein said manifold comprises 1:12 manifold.

20. systems as claimed in claim 12, the device wherein for current being separated into multiple current comprises waterwheel, and this waterwheel has multiple compartment, and each described compartment is oriented to the part receiving described current.

21. systems as claimed in claim 12, the described device wherein for generating positive charge comprises each device with multiple current described in electromagnetic flux process.

22. systems as claimed in claim 21, wherein comprise with each device of multiple current described in electromagnetic flux process:

Pipe; With

At least one electric coil, this electric coil has the axis roughly coaxial with described pipe.

23. the system as claimed in claim 22, wherein said pipe is made up of non-conducting material substantially.

24. the system as claimed in claim 22, wherein said pipe is made up of stainless steel substantially.

25. the system as claimed in claim 22, also comprise the ringing current on-off circuit being connected to described coil.

26. systems as claimed in claim 25, wherein said ringing current on-off circuit runs under full-wave.

27. systems as claimed in claim 25, wherein said ringing circuit has at about 10kHz to the frequency about between 80kHz.

28. systems as claimed in claim 12, wherein comprise manifold for blended described device, and this manifold has for multiple input port and the output port with the current of positive charge.

29. systems as claimed in claim 28, wherein also comprise Jing Yalieshui and mixed with proppants device for blended described device.

30. systems as claimed in claim 12, the major part of wherein said suspended solid is less than about 100 microns.

31. systems as claimed in claim 30, wherein substantially all described suspended solids are less than about 100 microns.

32. systems as claimed in claim 31, the major part of wherein said suspended solid is less than about 10 microns.

33. systems as claimed in claim 32, wherein substantially all described suspended solids are less than about 10 microns.

34. systems as claimed in claim 12, wherein for separating of described device comprise second-stage separator.

35. systems as claimed in claim 34, wherein said second-stage separator comprises:

Three phase separator, its water with the input being connected to two phase separator exports.

36. systems as claimed in claim 35, wherein said three phase separator comprises four material eliminators, and this four materials eliminator comprises at least four outputs, and described output comprises: slurry, the water wherein with suspended solid, liquid hydrocarbon and gaseous hydrocarbon.

37. 1 kinds of systems for the treatment of hydrocarbon well crevice water, described system comprises:

Multiphase separator;

Manifold, it has the input port of the output being connected to described multiphase separator, and has multiple output port;

Multiple pipe, each pipe has winding coil on the tube, and wherein each pipe has the input of the output port being connected to described manifold, and each pipe has output;

Blended manifold, it has the input port of the output being connected to described multiple pipe.

38. systems as claimed in claim 37, also comprise proppant-water mixer, this blender is connected to the output of described blended manifold.

39. systems as claimed in claim 37, wherein said multiphase separator comprises multiple-stage separator.

40. systems as claimed in claim 39, wherein said multiple-stage separator comprises second-stage separator, wherein:

The first order of described second-stage separator comprises three phase separator; With

The second level of described second-stage separator comprises two phase separator.

41. systems as claimed in claim 40, wherein said three phase separator comprises four material eliminators.

42. systems as claimed in claim 41, wherein said four material eliminators comprise oil-water interface control system.

43. 1 kinds of methods controlling the water/liquid hydrocarbon interface in three phase separator, described method comprises:

Water/liquid hydrocarbon interface is set up in three phase separator;

Measure the water/liquid hydrocarbon interface in described three phase separator, wherein cause producing water/liquid hydrocarbon interface level measurement signal;

Described water/liquid hydrocarbon interface level measurement signal is compared with set point, wherein causes producing comparison signal;

When described comparison signal points out described water/liquid hydrocarbon interface higher than described set point, reduce the recirculation water or the recovered water that enter the three phase separator of described hydrocarbon well crevice water; With

When described comparison signal points out described water/liquid hydrocarbon interface lower than described set point, increase and enter the current of described three phase separator, the current of wherein said increase comprise coming artesian well hydrocarbon well crevice water and from the compensation water in holding vessel or lagoon.

44. methods as claimed in claim 43, also comprise:

When the current entering described three phase separator reduce, reduce the current leaving described three phase separator with identical speed, to balance with the current entering described three phase separator; With

When the current entering described three phase separator increase, leave the current of described three phase separator with the speed increase of phase homostasis.

45. 1 kinds of systems controlling the water/liquid hydrocarbon interface in three phase separator, described method comprises:

For setting up the device at water/liquid hydrocarbon interface in three phase separator;

For measuring the device at the water/liquid hydrocarbon interface in described three phase separator, wherein cause producing water/liquid hydrocarbon interface level measurement signal;

For the device that described water/liquid hydrocarbon interface level measurement signal is compared with set point, wherein cause producing comparison signal;

For pointing out that when described comparison signal described water/liquid hydrocarbon interface is higher than reducing the current entering the three phase separator of hydrocarbon well crevice water during described set point, and when described comparison signal points out that described water/liquid hydrocarbon interface is lower than increasing the device entering the current of described three phase separator during described set point, the current of wherein said increase comprise hydrocarbon well crevice water and compensation water.

46. systems as claimed in claim 45, the described device wherein for setting up water/liquid hydrocarbon interface comprises barrier film net.

47. systems as claimed in claim 45, the described device wherein for measuring described water/liquid hydrocarbon interface comprises the sensor of liquid level indicator controller type.

48. systems as claimed in claim 45, wherein for the described device that described water/liquid hydrocarbon interface level measurement signal compares with set point is comprised continuous capacitance liquid level transmitter.

49. systems as claimed in claim 45, wherein for reduce or described device for increasing the flowing entering described three phase separator comprises the inlet type control valve consistent with the input of three phase separator and turbine flow meter.

50. systems as claimed in claim 45, also comprise:

During for reducing when the current entering described three phase separator, reduce with identical speed and balance the current leaving described three phase separator, and when the current entering described three phase separator increase, leave the device of the current of described three phase separator with the speed increase of phase homostasis.

51. systems as claimed in claim 50, the described device wherein for reducing and increase the current leaving described three phase separator comprises orifice flowmeter, and it connects for export consistent with the water of described three phase separator.

52. systems as claimed in claim 50, the described device wherein for reducing and increase the current leaving described three phase separator comprises pass flow control valve, and its water controlling described three phase separator exports.