CN104897544B - The vaporization prevention type double-ring infiltration instrument for being easily installed and fixing - Google Patents
The vaporization prevention type double-ring infiltration instrument for being easily installed and fixing Download PDFInfo
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- CN104897544B CN104897544B CN201510304528.2A CN201510304528A CN104897544B CN 104897544 B CN104897544 B CN 104897544B CN 201510304528 A CN201510304528 A CN 201510304528A CN 104897544 B CN104897544 B CN 104897544B
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- Prior art keywords
- ring
- inner ring
- cover plate
- outer shroud
- vaporization prevention
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- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920005479 Lucite® Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of vaporization prevention type double-ring infiltration instrument for being easily installed and fixing, it is made up of the water supply bottle on fixed support, inner ring, outer shroud, the fixed connecting rod for connecting inner and outer rings and percussion cover plate at the top of inner and outer ring and vaporization prevention cover plate.All parts are separate, convenient to carry, and field test is assembled again after starting.Inner and outer ring is connected by fixed connecting rod, improves the overall rigidity of inner and outer ring, prevents bicyclic bottom from being glanced off during entering the soil body.Installed additional at bicyclic top and tap cover plate, when tapping inner and outer rings, inner and outer ring will be used as a monolithic stability to enter in the soil body, will not tilt or tilt.In addition, in flow event, install vaporization prevention cover plate at the top of inner and outer ring additional, avoid largely evaporating caused by weather reason.Therefore, boundary condition is infiltrated in strict control while accurately measurement infiltration capacity, to obtain accurate soil body infiltration rate and grasp the infiltration character of the soil body.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of infiltration instrument of on-site measurement soil body infiltration rate, more particularly to a kind of it be easily installed and fix
Vaporization prevention type double-ring infiltration instrument.
Background technology
Infiltrate and refer to the process of that the moisture such as rainfall, irrigation enter the soil body, be that rainfall, surface water and groundwater mutually convert
One important step.The soil body infiltrates the close phase of the problems such as inducing geological disaster with the soil erosion, Surface Runoff, field irrigation, water
Close.Therefore, it is most important to recognize soil body infiltrating performance, the infiltration character of the particularly live soil body.At present, live soil body infiltration rate
Measure use monocyclic or double-ring infiltration method more, these test methods may following deficiency during experiment:
1. moisture horizontal proliferation is not one-dimensional infiltrates in infiltration process.In monocyclic method infiltration process moisture inevitably to
Horizontal direction spreads.The bicyclic method of tradition, inner and outer rings are independent, can not ensure inner and outer ring center one during ring is squeezed into the soil body
Cause so that moisture level diffusion will occur in infiltration process, influence the Accurate Determining of infiltration rate.
2. the soil body and inner and outer rings may be in contact seepage flow.When inner and outer rings are directly tapped, ring wall may occur
Tilt, gap can be formed between ring wall and the soil body during repairing anacline, seepage flow will be in contact in water infiltration process, influences the soil body
The measuring accuracy of infiltration rate.
3. influence of the evaporation to seepage discharge measurement is not considered.During live seepage tests, because of inner and outer rings fixed level
Liquid level area it is larger, ignore evaporation influence will cause gained infiltration rate it is bigger than normal.
4. infiltration capacity measurement accuracy is low.Traditional monocyclic or bicyclic method is supplied water using heavy caliber Markov bottle or directly falls water
Enter in ring, the volumetric errors for infiltrating moisture measured with this are very big, and the infiltration rate and actual value deviation being calculated are larger.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the present invention propose a kind of vaporization prevention type for being easily installed and fixing it is bicyclic enter
Ooze instrument.
In order to realize the above object the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:Including outer shroud and inner ring, and respectively with outside
The outer shroud water supply bottle and inner ring water supply bottle that ring connects with inner ring, described outer shroud is connected with inner ring by fixed connecting rod, described
Outer shroud and inner ring upper end, which are provided with, taps cover plate and vaporization prevention cover plate, during experiment installation tap cover plate by outer shroud and inner ring tap into
Enter the soil body to after requiring height, open and tap cover plate, remove fixed connecting rod and installed plug, then the progress of vaporization prevention cover plate is installed
Permeability intensity.
Described outer shroud is fixedly connected with inner ring by several fixed connecting rods, the position of fixed connecting rod and outer shroud and
The embedded depth of inner ring matches.
Described fixed connecting rod is provided with the mark of inner ring and outer rings correspondence position, can control bicyclic position and enter
Native depth.
The lower end of described inner ring and outer rings is arranged to facilitate access for the cutting edge shape of the soil body.
There is graduated scale on the ring wall of described inner ring and outer rings, as control embedded depth and the mark of depth of accumulated water
Chi.
The ring wall of described outer shroud is provided with opening, and the flexible pipe between inner ring water supply bottle and inner ring passes through the opening.
Cover is provided with described outer shroud water supply bottle and inner ring water supply bottle, air inlet pipe and water filling are provided with cover
Mouthful, described air inlet pipe is inserted into the delivery port opening position of water supply bottle bottom, on the bottle of outer shroud water supply bottle and inner ring water supply bottle
It is provided with water level pipe.
Described cover is lucite cover, and cover is set to groove structure, O-ring is provided with groove.
Rubber sheet gasket is set between described percussion cover plate and vaporization prevention cover plate and outer shroud, and passes through bolt and outer ring flange
It is connected, vaporization prevention cover plate lower end corresponds to endocyclic position and sets neck, and rubber sheet gasket is set between neck and inner ring top.
Air-vent is provided with described vaporization prevention cover plate.
Compared with prior art, all parts of the present invention are independent that convenient to carry, field test is carried out again after starting
Assembling.Inner and outer ring is connected by fixed connecting rod, is improved the overall rigidity of inner and outer ring, is prevented bicyclic bottom from entering soil body mistake
Glanced off in journey, the position of fixed connecting rod matches with bicyclic embedded depth, and there are inner ring and outer rings on fixed connecting rod
The mark of correspondence position, control bicyclic position and embedded depth.Installed additional at bicyclic top and tap cover plate, when percussion inner and outer rings
When, inner and outer ring will be used as a monolithic stability to enter in the soil body, will not tilt or tilt so that infiltrating for inner ring is bigger
Change is infiltrated close to one-dimensional.In addition, in flow event, install vaporization prevention cover plate at the top of inner and outer ring additional, avoid caused by weather reason
A large amount of evaporations.The present invention uses the water supply bottle with thin footpath water level pipe to be supplied water for permeability intensity and measure infiltration capacity, according to inside and outside
The difference of ring seepage discharge sets its water supply bottle diameter, can obtain the high-precision infiltration capacity of inner ring and outer rings simultaneously.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is overall schematic of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the top view of fixed connecting rod in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is to tap cover plate top view;
Fig. 4 is vaporization prevention cover plate top view;
Wherein, 1, lucite cover;2nd, air inlet pipe;3rd, water filling port;4th, Water filling valve;5th, O-ring;6th, inner ring supplies water
Bottle;7th, water level pipe;8th, inner ring water supply bottle valve;9th, cover plate rubber washer;10th, flange bolt;11st, flange gasket;12nd, lid is tapped
Plate;13rd, fixed support;14th, outer shroud;15th, inner ring;16th, fixed connecting rod;17th, waterline;18th, connecting rod pad;19th, connect
Bar fixing bolt;20th, inner ring valve;21st, outer shroud valve;22nd, outer shroud water supply bottle valve;23rd, flexible pipe;24th, vaporization prevention cover plate;
25th, air-vent;26th, above-ground route;27th, outer shroud water supply bottle;28th, connecting rod rubber washer;29th, neck.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, inner ring water supply bottle 6 of the invention and outer shroud water supply bottle 27 are both placed on fixed support 13.Water supply bottle
Based on Markov bottle principle, it is made up of lucite cover 1 and lucite cylinder, the cover 1 of lucite cylinder upper end is provided with groove
Structure, groove is interior to set suitable O-ring 5.There are two openings on cover 1, one of opening insertion air inlet pipe 2 to water supply bottle
Bottom water outlet height, another opening is water filling port 3, is thus located when the water surface is too low in water supply bottle toward water filling in bottle.Supply water
Bottle sidewall opening connection thin footpath water level pipe 7, there is graduated scale on water level pipe 7, according to the height of water level of water level pipe 7 in infiltration process
Change the volume of inverse Infiltration water.Inner ring water supply bottle 6 and outer shroud water supply bottle 27 by two sections of flexible pipes 23 respectively with inner ring 15 and
Outer shroud 14 connects, and the both ends of flexible pipe 23 are respectively equipped with inner ring water supply bottle valve 8, inner ring valve 20, outer shroud water supply bottle valve 22 and outer
Ring valve door 21.
Referring to Fig. 2, one is connected into by connecting rod fixing bolt 19 by fixed connecting rod 16 between inner ring 15 and outer shroud 14
Individual entirety, bicyclic overall rigidity is improved, and have the mark of inner ring 15 and the correspondence position of outer shroud 14 on fixed connecting rod 16.When
When tapping in the bicyclic entrance soil body, inner and outer ring ring wall can be avoided to glance off.It is provided with and opens at certain altitude on the ring wall of outer shroud 14
Mouthful, the flexible pipe between inner ring water supply bottle 8 and inner ring 15 passes through outer shroud ring wall opening, and outer shroud ring wall opening is slightly larger than hose diameter,
The opening while the ventilation mouth as outer shroud 14.Outer shroud 14 and the ring wall of inner ring 15 have graduated scale, as control it is bicyclic enter
The scale of native depth and depth of accumulated water.The bottom of outer shroud 14 and inner ring 15 is cutting edge form, facilitates it to enter the soil body.
Referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, bicyclic top is provided with two kinds of cover plates, it is a kind of be tap it is bicyclic into the soil body when percussion installed
Cover plate 12 so that inner and outer ring monolithic stability enters the soil body during percussion, and can prevent bicyclic be damaged.Another kind is to infiltrate examination
The vaporization prevention cover plate 24 installed during testing, taps cover plate 12 and the upper and lower of vaporization prevention cover plate 24 is provided with cover plate rubber washer
9.Tap the lower end of cover plate 12 and neck 29 is set, for fixing inner ring 15, rubber washer, outer shroud are placed between neck 29 and inner ring 15
14 upper ends set flange to be connected with cover plate by flange bolt 10, and flange bolt 10 is provided with flange gasket 11.Vaporization prevention cover plate
Micro ventilation hole 25 is provided with 24.
All parts of the present invention include inner ring 15, outer shroud 14, fixed connecting rod 16, percussion cover plate 12, vaporization prevention cover plate 24
Etc. being independent, convenient to carry, field test is assembled again after starting.Inner and outer ring is connected solid by some fixed connecting rods 16
It is fixed, the overall rigidity of inner and outer ring is improved, prevents bicyclic bottom from being glanced off during entering the soil body.The position of fixed connecting rod 16
Put and match with bicyclic embedded depth, and have the mark of inner ring and outer rings correspondence position on fixed connecting rod 16, control bicyclic
Position and embedded depth.Installed additional at bicyclic top and tap cover plate 12, when tapping inner and outer rings, inner and outer rings will be used as an entirety
It is stable to enter in the soil body, it is not susceptible to tilt or tilts.In addition, in flow event, vaporization prevention lid is installed at the top of inner and outer ring additional
Plate 24, avoid largely evaporating caused by weather reason.
The water supply bottle of the present invention is positioned on fixed support, and two water supply bottles pass through flexible pipe 23 and inner ring 15, outer shroud respectively
14 connections, the both ends of flexible pipe 23 are provided with valve.First with fixed connecting rod 16 fix inner and outer ring, install tap cover plate 12 after it is small
Bicyclic tap is entered the soil body to height is required by the heart, is then opened and is tapped cover plate 12, removes fixed connecting rod 16 and installed plug,
Vaporization prevention cover plate 24 is installed again, after water supply bottle is filled into water, valve is opened, starts permeability intensity.
Water supply bottle is made up of lucite cover and lucite cylinder, and lucite cylinder has covered two openings, is respectively
Water filling port and air inlet.Water supply bottle side wall has the water level pipe 7 of thin footpath with being connected inside water supply bottle, has graduated scale on water level pipe 7.
Two water supply bottles are respectively inner ring water supply bottle 6 and outer shroud water supply bottle 27.
Inner ring 15 and the inwall of outer shroud 14 have graduated scale.Inner ring 15 and outer shroud 14 are connected by fixed connecting rod 16, Gu
The position and bicyclic embedded depth for determining connecting rod 16 match, and have the mark of inner ring and outer rings correspondence position on fixed connecting rod 16
Note, controls bicyclic position and embedded depth.
In addition, bicyclic top is provided with two kinds of cover plates, it is a kind of be tap it is bicyclic into the soil body when percussion cover plate 12 installed, make
Inner and outer ring monolithic stability enters the soil body during must tapping, while fixed connecting rod improves the integral rigidity (strength of inner and outer ring
Degree), the deformation of percussion process middle ring body material can be avoided by tapping cover plate combination fixed connecting rod, improve bicyclic ring body use it is resistance to
Long property.Another kind is the vaporization prevention cover plate 24 installed during permeability intensity, and two kinds of cover plates are respectively provided with cover plate rubber washer up and down,
Tap cover plate lower end and neck 29 is set, for fixing inner ring 15, rubber washer, outer shroud upper end are placed between neck 29 and inner ring 15
Flange is set to be bolted with cover plate.Air-vent is provided with vaporization prevention cover plate.
The specifically used step of the present invention is as follows:
(1) first, testing pits for suitable dimension is excavated in the place for permeability intensity being carried out in plan.
(2) after inner and outer ring being positioned over into the center of testing pits, according to the upper inner ring 15 of fixed connecting rod 16 and the correspondence position of outer shroud 14
Mark, connect inner and outer ring, after bolting on, check fixed connecting rod and inner and outer ring, it is ensured that inner and outer ring is highly consistent;
(3) outer shroud 14 is connected with tapping cover plate after rubber washer being placed on outer ring flange and on percussion cover plate 12
12, the rear symmetrical cover plate rubber washer 9 tapped on cover plate 14 is connected, taps the bicyclic soil body of entering with weight, and utilize
The scale control embedded depth of bicyclic inwall, avoids run-off the straight, when fixed connecting rod reaches the position of above-ground route 26, stops
Tap bicyclic;
(4) it will hit against cover plate 12 to open, after removing fixed connecting rod 16 and the installed plug between inner and outer ring, then install anti-
Evaporate cover plate 24;
(5) inner and outer rings water supply bottle is respectively placed on the fixed support 13 on side, water supply bottle and ring is connected with flexible pipe 23
Valve on wall;
(6) water is filled in water supply bottle, and setting height is filled in inner ring 15 and outer shroud 14, opens water supply bottle and ring
Valve beside wall, start permeability intensity, during experiment, when water level is too low in water supply bottle, by the water filling of water filling port 3, no
Disconnected regulation inner ring and outer rings inlet valve, when waterline in inner and outer ring 17 be maintained at require highly constant when, start to measure the soil body
Infiltration rate, separated in time records the change of water supply bottle side wall water level pipe height, and inverse infiltration capacity is to calculate entering for the soil body
Ooze rate.
All parts of the present invention are independent, and convenient to carry, field test is assembled again after starting.Inner and outer ring by
Fixed connecting rod is connected, and improves the overall rigidity of inner and outer ring, prevents bicyclic bottom from being glanced off during entering the soil body,
The position of fixed connecting rod matches with bicyclic embedded depth, and has the mark of inner ring and outer rings correspondence position on fixed connecting rod
Note, controls bicyclic position and embedded depth.Installed additional at bicyclic top and tap cover plate, when tapping inner and outer rings, inner and outer ring will be made
For a monolithic stability enter the soil body in, will not tilt or tilt so that inner ring infiltrate bigizationner close to it is one-dimensional enter
Ooze.In addition, in flow event, install vaporization prevention cover plate at the top of inner and outer ring additional, avoid largely evaporating caused by weather reason.This hair
It is bright to use the water supply bottle with thin footpath water level pipe to be supplied water for permeability intensity and measure infiltration capacity, be advantageous to obtain the more accurately soil body
Infiltration rate, and its water supply bottle diameter is set according to the difference of inner and outer ring seepage discharge, it is high-precision inner ring and outer rings can be obtained simultaneously
Infiltration capacity.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. vaporization prevention type double-ring infiltration instrument for being easily installed and fixing, it is characterised in that:Including outer shroud (14) and inner ring (15) the outer shroud water supply bottle (27) and inner ring water supply bottle (6), and being respectively connected with outer shroud (14) and inner ring (15), described is outer Ring (14) and inner ring (15) are connected by fixed connecting rod (16), and described outer shroud (14) and inner ring (15) are connected by several fixations Extension bar (16) is fixedly connected, and the position of fixed connecting rod (16) and the embedded depth of outer shroud (14) and inner ring (15) match, institute The fixed connecting rod (16) stated is provided with the mark of inner ring (15) and outer shroud (14) correspondence position, can control bicyclic position with Embedded depth, described outer shroud (14) and inner ring (15) upper end, which are provided with, taps cover plate (12) and vaporization prevention cover plate (24), experiment When installation tap cover plate (12) and tap outer shroud (14) and inner ring (15) and enter the soil body to after requiring height, open percussion cover plate (12) fixed connecting rod (16) and installed plug, are removed, then vaporization prevention cover plate (24) is installed and carries out permeability intensity.
- 2. according to a kind of vaporization prevention type double-ring infiltration instrument for being easily installed and fixing described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is described Inner ring (15) and the lower end of outer shroud (14) be arranged to facilitate access for the cutting edge shape of the soil body.
- 3. according to a kind of vaporization prevention type double-ring infiltration instrument for being easily installed and fixing described in claim 2, it is characterised in that:It is described Inner ring (15) and outer shroud (14) ring wall on have graduated scale, as control embedded depth and depth of accumulated water scale.
- 4. according to a kind of vaporization prevention type double-ring infiltration instrument for being easily installed and fixing described in claim 3, it is characterised in that:It is described The ring wall of outer shroud (14) be provided with opening, the flexible pipe between inner ring water supply bottle (6) and inner ring (15) passes through the opening.
- 5. according to a kind of vaporization prevention type double-ring infiltration instrument for being easily installed and fixing described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is described Outer shroud water supply bottle (27) and inner ring water supply bottle (6) on be provided with cover (1), be provided with cover (1) air inlet pipe (2) and note The mouth of a river (3), described air inlet pipe (2) are inserted into the delivery port opening position of water supply bottle bottom, and outer shroud water supply bottle (27) and inner ring supply Water level pipe (7) is provided with the bottle of water bottle (6).
- 6. according to a kind of vaporization prevention type double-ring infiltration instrument for being easily installed and fixing described in claim 5, it is characterised in that:It is described Cover (1) be lucite cover, cover (1) is set to groove structure, and O-ring (5) is provided with groove.
- 7. according to a kind of vaporization prevention type double-ring infiltration instrument for being easily installed and fixing described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is described Percussion cover plate (12) and vaporization prevention cover plate (24) and outer shroud (14) between rubber sheet gasket is set, and pass through bolt and outer ring flange It is connected, vaporization prevention cover plate (12) lower end corresponds to inner ring (15) position and sets neck (29), and neck (29) pushes up with inner ring (15) Rubber sheet gasket is set between end.
- 8. according to a kind of vaporization prevention type double-ring infiltration instrument for being easily installed and fixing described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is described Vaporization prevention cover plate (24) on be provided with air-vent (25).
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CN201510304528.2A CN104897544B (en) | 2015-06-04 | 2015-06-04 | The vaporization prevention type double-ring infiltration instrument for being easily installed and fixing |
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CN201510304528.2A CN104897544B (en) | 2015-06-04 | 2015-06-04 | The vaporization prevention type double-ring infiltration instrument for being easily installed and fixing |
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CN104897544B true CN104897544B (en) | 2018-01-12 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
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CN105572016A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-05-11 | 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 | Device for determining infiltration coefficient of channel water |
CN106092858A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2016-11-09 | 山东科技大学 | Dicyclo Automatic-seepage water tester |
CN108333092A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-07-27 | 青岛理工大学 | Water seepage detection device and method |
CN113655198B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2024-03-15 | 长江大学 | Test device and method for testing in-situ leaching soil organic matter component change |
Citations (1)
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CN204666477U (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2015-09-23 | 长安大学 | Be easy to install and fixing vaporization prevention type double-ring infiltration instrument |
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US2540096A (en) * | 1949-08-19 | 1951-02-06 | Almond D Bull | Automatic recording infiltrometer |
BR8603659A (en) * | 1986-06-27 | 1988-02-09 | Univ Pernambuco | MINI-INFILTROMETER |
DE4311032A1 (en) * | 1993-03-30 | 1993-10-21 | Juergen Dipl Phys Dr Re Punzel | Double ring tension infiltration measuring device for determining hydraulic conductivity of soil in field - has infiltration system connected to water supply system and is divided into two separate complete concentric infiltration chambers |
CN2684182Y (en) * | 2004-03-24 | 2005-03-09 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Automatic water-supplying double-ring infiltration instrument |
CN202372431U (en) * | 2011-12-26 | 2012-08-08 | 浙江大学城市学院 | Buoyancy type mechanical automatic control soil infiltration instrument |
CN202793984U (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2013-03-13 | 西安理工大学 | Field infiltration instrument |
CN203643303U (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-06-11 | 东北农业大学 | Double-ring soil infiltration and runoff measuring instrument |
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CN204666477U (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2015-09-23 | 长安大学 | Be easy to install and fixing vaporization prevention type double-ring infiltration instrument |
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