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CN104853280B - A kind of microphone and its control method of expansible dynamic range - Google Patents

A kind of microphone and its control method of expansible dynamic range Download PDF

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CN104853280B
CN104853280B CN201410050312.3A CN201410050312A CN104853280B CN 104853280 B CN104853280 B CN 104853280B CN 201410050312 A CN201410050312 A CN 201410050312A CN 104853280 B CN104853280 B CN 104853280B
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microphone
signal
sensitivity
dynamic range
analog
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CN104853280A (en
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孙丽娜
杨少军
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Gettop Acoustic Co Ltd
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Shandong Gettop Acoustic Co Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of microphone of expansible dynamic range, including:Microphone chip, charge pump circuit, front end buffer circuit, analog-digital converter, detection control circuit and tunable capacitor array;The detection control circuit is used to detect the extraneous acoustic pressure inputted and the sensitivity for controlling the microphone chip is decayed or restored;The tunable capacitor array is controlled by the detection control circuit, is converted between the ground terminal and the ends IN of the microphone.The present invention also provides a kind of microphone control methods of expansible dynamic range, including:S1:Input signal is converted and amplified using front end buffer circuit;S2:The analog signal of input is converted into digital signal using analog-digital converter;S3:The amplitude that analog-digital converter exports acoustic pressure is detected by detecting control circuit, the sensitivity of microphone is adjusted by controlling the number of the capacitance switch unit accessed in tunable capacitor array.

Description

A kind of microphone and its control method of expansible dynamic range
Technical field
The present invention relates to microphone techniques, more particularly to a kind of the microphone and its control method of expansible dynamic range.
Background technology
MEMS microphone have many advantages, such as it is small, reflowable weldering surface mount and be widely used in mobile phone, notebook The consumer electronics fields such as computer, tablet computer.The core of MEMS microphone system is by MEMS microphone chip and signal processing core Piece two parts form.MEMS microphone chip completes conversion of the voice signal to capacitance change signal, and signal processing chip is completed Conversion and amplification of the capacitance change signal to voltage signal.
The acoustic pressure overload point of common microphone is that the maximum sound pressure of input is allowed to be 120dBSPL, at this moment MEMS microphone system System has generated larger distortion(THD+N is more than 10%), affect the quality of sound.In certain special occasions, such as KTV, rock and roll Concert scene etc., acoustic pressure is likely larger than 120dBSPL.Common microphone cannot meet sound quality demand at this time, need The microphone of more high dynamic range is smaller come the distortion of signal when ensureing big acoustic pressure input.Corresponding to system structure, sound arrives Distortion in electric signal transfer process also consists of two parts, the distortion of MEMS microphone chip and the mistake of signal processing circuit Very, and the ratio that accounts for of the latter is great.The distortion of MEMS microphone chip is by the non-thread of variable quantity and the chip vibrating diaphragm displacement of capacitance Property caused by, it is general smaller.The distortion of signal processing circuit is due to the input signal amplitude from MEMS microphone chip Excessive generation clamper, amplifier saturation or analog-digital converter(ADC)It is limitation microphone system dynamic caused by the reasons such as saturation The principal element of range.
In conclusion how to improve the dynamic range of microphone, distortion is reduced, it is urgently to be resolved hurrily to become those skilled in the art The technical issues of.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to solve the disadvantage that the distinguishable acoustic pressure range of existing microphone is small, is easy distortion, one kind is provided The microphone and its control method of wider, the expansible dynamic range of the scope of application.
In order to achieve the above object, present invention firstly provides a kind of microphones of expansible dynamic range, including:
Microphone chip, for converting voice signal to capacitance change signal;The pin of the microphone chip includes BIAS offset sides and IN input terminals;
Charge pump circuit, is connected to the BIAS offset sides of the microphone chip, and biasing is provided for the microphone chip Voltage;
Front end buffer circuit is connected with the IN input terminals of the microphone chip, for realizing convert of capacitor to voltage and The amplification of signal;
Analog-digital converter is connected with the front end buffer circuit, for converting analog signals into digital signal;
Control circuit is detected, is connected with the analog-digital converter, the acoustic pressure for detecting extraneous input;When detecting acoustic pressure When reaching high sound pressure threshold value, decay to the sensitivity of the microphone chip;Threshold value is pressed in a low voice when detecting that acoustic pressure reaches When, restore the sensitivity of the microphone chip;
Tunable capacitor array, one end connect the ends BIAS of the microphone chip, and the other end is by the detection control circuit Control, converted between the ground terminal of the microphone and the ends IN of microphone chip, with complete to the microphone chip Sensitivity decaying and recovery.
According to the microphone of expansible dynamic range provided by the invention, the tunable capacitor array includes multiple is in parallel Capacitance switch unit, each capacitance switch unit includes an a decaying capacitance and tandem tap.
According to the microphone of expansible dynamic range provided by the invention, the output signal of the analog-digital converter includes arteries and veins Rush density modulated signal and pulse code modulation signal;When output signal is pulse density modulated signals, the detection control Circuit determines whether to reach threshold value by detecting the percentage in the set time shared by high level, and the threshold value can be by designer It specifies in advance;When output signal is pulse code modulation signal, then the detection control circuit directly detects whether to reach threshold Value.
According to the microphone of expansible dynamic range provided by the invention, the tunable capacitor array uses binary coding Mode is controlled, and the number of required control signal is:N=log2P, wherein P are the number of capacitance switch unit in parallel.
According to the microphone of expansible dynamic range provided by the invention, the tunable capacitor array increases or decreases every time Time needed for one capacitance switch unit is:
t=t1/2NOr t=t2/2N
The step-length of the change of sensitivity of the microphone chip is:S=B/2N;
T in above formula1For the startup time needed for sensitivity decaying;t2Restore required release time for sensitivity;B is to increase Beneficial range.
In addition, the present invention also proposes a kind of microphone control method of expansible dynamic range, include the following steps:
S1:Input signal is converted and amplified using front end buffer circuit;
S2:The analog signal of input is converted into digital signal using analog-digital converter;
S3:The amplitude that analog-digital converter exports acoustic pressure is detected by detecting control circuit, by controlling tunable capacitor array The number of the capacitance switch unit of middle access adjusts the sensitivity of microphone.
According to the microphone control method of expansible dynamic range provided by the invention, control adjustable electric is controlled in step S3 Hold array method be:When the acoustic pressure of analog-digital converter output reaches high sound pressure threshold value, increases and accessed in tunable capacitor array Capacitance switch unit number to realize the decaying of sensitivity of microphone;It is pressed in a low voice when the acoustic pressure of analog-digital converter output reaches When threshold value, the number of the capacitance switch unit accessed in tunable capacitor array is reduced to realize the recovery of sensitivity of microphone.
According to the microphone control method of expansible dynamic range provided by the invention, the output of the analog-digital converter is believed Number include pulse density modulated signals and pulse code modulation signal.
According to the microphone control method of expansible dynamic range provided by the invention, when the output signal of analog-digital converter For pulse density modulated signals when, the detection control circuit by detect the percentage in the set time shared by high level come it is true Fixed whether to reach threshold value, the threshold value can in advance be specified by designer.
According to the microphone control method of expansible dynamic range provided by the invention, when the output signal of analog-digital converter For pulse code modulation signal when, the detection control circuit directly detects whether to reach threshold value.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The present invention realizes the extension of microphone dynamic range by introducing tunable capacitor array.When the sound for detecting input When sound signal reaches high sound pressure threshold value, the present invention can enable sensitivity of the tunable capacitor array with the MEMS microphone that decays so that The circuit for being already operated in limiting condition returns to normal working condition;When detecting that the voice signal of input begins lower than When pressing threshold value in a low voice, the present invention, which can close capacitor array, makes the sensitivity of MEMS microphone return to normal value.It can using the present invention So that there is microphone the dynamic range of 110dB, maximum to support the voice input of 140dBSPL, more general 90dB dynamic ranges Maximum supports the microphone of 120dB voice inputs to have the wider array of scope of application.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit model of well known microphone system;
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of microphone system in the prior art 1;
Fig. 3 is the circuit structure diagram of microphone system in the prior art 2;
Fig. 4 is the circuit structure diagram of the microphone of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of the microphone control method of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the regulation and control schematic diagram of the sensitivity of microphone of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained every other under the premise of not making the creative labor Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is the circuit model figure of currently known microphone system please referring initially to Fig. 1.The system is by MEMS microphone core Piece 101 and signal processing circuit(102,103,104)Two parts form.Wherein 102 be simulation prebuffer, and 103 be modulus Converter, 104 be the charge pump circuit for generating MEMS bias voltages.Two pin BIAS offset sides of MEMS microphone chip 105 and IN input terminals 106 export and simulate respectively the input of preposition amplification 102 with the charge pump circuit of signal processing chip 104 It is connected.N-diode 107 and p-type diode 108 and the input terminal of analog preamplifier and the input pin of microphone chip It is connected, input direct-current is stablized in 0V or so.Charge pump circuit 104 is used to generate a bias voltage for being higher than supply voltage VbiasMEMS is biased near 0.7 times of pick-up voltage.
For ideal microphone model, according to principle of charge conservation, it can obtain:
V in above formulabiasFor bias voltage, VinFor input voltage;C0For the initial capacitance of microphone chip 101, numerical value About 1~3pF;Δ C is the capacitance change that microphone chip 101 is generated when there is extraneous acoustic pressure.
The voltage of IN input terminals 106 is after abbreviation:
For common microphone system, when there is the input of 94dBSPL voice signals, VinAmplitude be about 10mV;When there is the input of 120dBSPL voice signals, VinAmplitude be 200mV;When there is the input of 140dBSPL voice signals, VinAmplitude be 2V.Since the conducting voltage of diode is about 0.6V, N-diode 107 and p-type diode 108 exist While the input direct-current point of high resistant is provided, also by input signal clamper between -0.6V to 0.6V.Therefore work as input signal width Serious distortion is necessarily led to due to clamper when degree is higher than 0.6V.Even if inclined come the 0V direct currents for providing the ends IN without using diode It sets, larger input signal also results in internal amplifier saturation or ADC saturations, to generate distortion.Therefore high to construction The system of dynamic range, it is necessary to reduce signal from input terminal, that is, reduce the sensitivity of MEMS microphone.
The prior art 1(US2011/0142261)It discloses a kind of by reducing bias voltage VbiasTo reduce microphone spirit The method of sensitivity.As shown in Fig. 2, the circuit structure of the prior art 1 includes MEMS microphone 201, is put for carrying out signal buffer Big and analog-to-digital conversion signal processing circuit 202, control circuit 203, offset generating circuit 205 and input impedance circuit 204.When When control circuit 203 detects that signal increases to certain threshold value, bias-voltage generating circuit 205 is sent control signals to so that Bias voltage reduces, and sensitivity of microphone declines;When control circuit 203 detects that signal is reduced to certain threshold value, control is sent out Signal processed is to bias-voltage generating circuit 205 so that bias voltage increases, and sensitivity of microphone is restored to normal level.
The problem of when prior art 1 is implemented, is that the rising and falling time of bias voltage is longer so that microphone system Not in time to the response of big acoustic pressure, cause subjective sense of hearing bad.In addition, for technology general in the industry, due to bias voltage Adjustability often introduce the noise of bigger, microphone also can be than the microphone of fixed bias voltage when usually working It can be weaker.
The prior art 2(CN102845079)Disclose another system that can reduce sensitivity of microphone.Its circuit structure As shown in figure 3, including MEMS microphone 11, ADC12, attenuation control circuit 32, amplitude limit observation circuit 30, input impedance circuit 24 And programmable capacitor array 34a, 34b, 34c and 34d.The prior art 2 is by increasing C0Method reduce the sensitive of microphone Degree.The number of " 1 " is monitored in being flowed by the PDM exported to ADC to determine the threshold value for reaching amplitude limit monitoring, is supervised in not up to amplitude limit When the threshold value of survey, the both ends of capacitor array are all grounded, and the sensitivity of MEMS is normal;After reaching threshold value, opens capacitor array and open 34a, 34b, 34c and 34d are closed, capacitor array is connected in parallel between the input terminal of MEMS and ground, to increase initial capacitance value.
Increase C in the prior art 20Method change the method for bias voltage than the prior art 1 and be more easy to implement, and will not be because For not short enough the flaw brought acoustically of transformation period of bias voltage.But disadvantage is that capacitance utilization rate compares It is low.In fact, in order to by dynamic range expansion 20dB, the capacitance needed is probably 9 times of MEMS capacitances.General MEMS capacitances are 1~3pF, therefore usually probably need the capacitance of 9~27pF.This partition capacitance area is larger, correspondingly, occupies more core Piece resource.In the scheme of document 2, the both ends of this partition capacitance are all grounded when acoustic pressure is low, are not utilized rationally.
On the basis of fully considering advantage and disadvantage of the prior art 1 with the prior art 2, the present invention proposes a kind of expansible dynamic The MEMS microphone sensitivity control program of state range.It is well known that the capacitance C of MEMS microphone0Actually include two parts, Effective capacitance C and parasitic capacitance Cp.Voice signal can only cause changing proportionally for effective capacitance C, i.e. Δ C=ε C;It is parasitic Capacitance Cp will not then be influenced by voice signal and be changed, and exactly this partition capacitance causes the loss of sensitivity of microphone.One As in the case of, technical staff will minimize Cp when designing microphone, to realize higher signal-to-noise ratio.The present invention is just It is the problem of being utilized to evade in usual microphone design, by the ends bias voltage BIAS of MEMS microphone and input IN Hold parallel parasitic capacitance Cp come the sensitivity of MEMS microphone when reducing big acoustic pressure.
After introducing Cp, formula(3)It can be changed to:
Unlike 2 thinking of the prior art, the present invention is connected to bias voltage BIAS when pressing in a low voice, by load capacitance Cp Between end and ground, by increasing the load capacitance of bias voltage, the noise bandwidth of bias voltage can be reduced, bias voltage is reduced Noise, in a low voice press when rationally utilize Cp capacitances to optimize the overall performance of microphone.
The microphone circuit structure of the present invention is described in detail below.As shown in figure 4, the microphone of the present invention is by MEMS Mikes Wind chip 301 and signal processing circuit(Including 302,303,304,305,306)Two parts form.Constitute signal processing circuit In module, 302 be front end buffer circuit, realizes C V conversion and signal amplification, 303 be analog-digital converter, and 304 are to provide biasing The charge pump circuit of voltage, 305 be to detect and control circuit, is responsible for whether monitoring acoustic pressure reaches threshold value and control whether to MEMS Sensitivity decays, and 306 be tunable capacitor array, is made of multiple capacitance switch units being in parallel, each capacitance switch Unit includes a decaying capacitance and a tandem tap.One termination MEMS microphone chip 301 of tunable capacitor array 306 The ends BIAS307, the examined control with control circuit 305 of other end are inputted in high sound pressure(Higher than high sound pressure threshold value VH)When The ends IN308 for connecing MEMS microphone chip 301, decay to the sensitivity of MEMS microphone chip 301;In pressure input in a low voice (Less than pressure threshold value VL in a low voice)When be grounded, increase the load capacitance of charge pump 304, reduce the bandwidth of bias voltage, reduce biasing The noise of voltage is conducive to system and obtains higher signal-to-noise ratio.
The tunable capacitor array 306 of the present invention is controlled using binary coding mode, the number of required control signal For:N=log2P, wherein P are the number of capacitance switch unit in parallel.
Time for increasing or decreasing needed for a capacitance switch unit is tunable capacitor array 306 every time:
t=t1/2NOr t=t2/2N;The step-length of the change of sensitivity of the microphone chip is:S=B/2N;
T in above formula1For the startup time needed for sensitivity decaying;t2Restore required release time for sensitivity;B is to increase Beneficial range.
Corresponding with above-mentioned microphone, the present invention additionally provides a kind of microphone control of expansible dynamic range simultaneously Method, as shown in figure 5, its step includes:
S1:Input signal is converted and amplified using front end buffer circuit;
S2:The analog signal of input is converted into digital signal using analog-digital converter;
S3:The amplitude that analog-digital converter exports acoustic pressure is detected by detecting control circuit, by controlling tunable capacitor array The number of the capacitance switch unit of middle access adjusts the sensitivity of microphone.
The method of control tunable capacitor array is in wherein step S3:When the acoustic pressure of analog-digital converter output reaches loud When pressing threshold value, increase the number of the capacitance switch unit accessed in tunable capacitor array to realize the decaying of sensitivity of microphone; When the acoustic pressure of analog-digital converter output, which reaches, presses threshold value in a low voice, the capacitance switch unit accessed in tunable capacitor array is reduced Number is to realize the recovery of sensitivity of microphone.
In order to ensure that good sense of hearing, the present invention formulate the following rules:When the output of analog-digital converter is impulse density tune System(PDM)When signal, the percentage of " 1 " in detection control circuit detection a period of time, if the percentage of " 1 " reaches 56.2%, Reach output -5dBFS when high sound pressure threshold value.When the output of analog-digital converter is pulse code modulation(PCM)When signal, then Directly detection output reaches -5dBFS.At this moment detection circuit can send out signal in next zero crossing to control circuit so that open The switching of pass is all happened at signal zero-crossing, ensures the continuity of input direct-current.
Fig. 6 gives regulation and control schematic diagram of the present invention for sensitivity of microphone.As shown in fig. 6, high sound pressure threshold value refers to When acoustic pressure changes from low to high, capacitor array switch is closed, input sound pressure level when sensitivity of microphone is decayed.Threshold value is pressed in a low voice When referring to that acoustic pressure changes from high to low, capacitor array switch disconnects, input sound pressure level when sensitivity of microphone restores normal.This High sound pressure threshold value is set in invention higher than threshold value is pressed in a low voice, can make the sound that not will produce click click when sound pressure variations are violent Sound.Gain ranging refers to when input acoustic pressure reaches high sound pressure threshold value, and to the range of sensitivity of microphone decaying, it determines dynamic The degree of state range extension.Such as gain ranging is -20dB, then dynamic range can increase 20dB on the basis of the original.
When input acoustic pressure reaches high sound pressure threshold value, control circuit receives the signal that detection circuit is sent out, and will control capacitance The switch of array is closed one by one, interior on startup, certain gain ranging that sensitivity of microphone is decayed.When input acoustic pressure drop It will first be kept a period of time as low as threshold value, control circuit is pressed in a low voice(Retention time), then within release time, by microphone spirit Sensitivity is restored to original numerical value.
In conclusion according to the microphone and its control method of expansible dynamic range provided by the invention, when input When voice signal reaches high sound pressure threshold value, such as when 115dBSPL, the present invention can enable tunable capacitor array with the MEMS wheats that decay The sensitivity of gram wind so that the circuit for being already operated in limiting condition returns to normal working condition;When the sound of input When signal begins lower than pressure threshold value in a low voice, such as when 110dBSPL, the present invention, which can close capacitor array, makes the spirit of MEMS microphone Sensitivity returns to normal value.The dynamic range of 110dB may be implemented in the present invention, and maximum supports the voice input of 140dBSPL, compared with one As 90dB dynamic range maximums support 120dB voice inputs microphone have the wider array of scope of application.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations;Although with reference to the foregoing embodiments Invention is explained in detail, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that:It still can be to previous embodiment Recorded technical solution is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features;And these are changed or replace It changes, the spirit and scope for technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of microphone of expansible dynamic range, which is characterized in that including:
Microphone chip, for converting voice signal to capacitance change signal;The pin of the microphone chip includes BIAS Offset side and IN input terminals;
Charge pump circuit, is connected to the BIAS offset sides of the microphone chip, and bias voltage is provided for the microphone chip;
Front end buffer circuit is connected with the IN input terminals of the microphone chip, for realizing convert of capacitor to voltage and signal Amplification;
Analog-digital converter is connected with the front end buffer circuit, for converting analog signals into digital signal;
Control circuit is detected, is connected with the analog-digital converter, the acoustic pressure for detecting extraneous input;When detecting that acoustic pressure reaches When high sound pressure threshold value, decay to the sensitivity of the microphone chip;It is extensive when detecting that acoustic pressure reaches pressure threshold value in a low voice The sensitivity of the multiple microphone chip;
Tunable capacitor array, one end connect the ends BIAS of the microphone chip, and the other end is controlled by the detection control circuit System, is converted between the ground terminal of the microphone and the ends IN of microphone chip, to complete the spirit to the microphone chip The decaying and recovery of sensitivity.
2. the microphone of expansible dynamic range according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the tunable capacitor array packet Multiple capacitance switch units being in parallel are included, each capacitance switch unit includes a decaying capacitance and a tandem tap.
3. the microphone of expansible dynamic range according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the analog-digital converter it is defeated It includes pulse density modulated signals and pulse code modulation signal to go out signal;When output signal is pulse density modulated signals, The detection control circuit determines whether to reach preset by detecting the percentage in the set time shared by high level Threshold value;When output signal is pulse code modulation signal, then the detection control circuit directly detects whether to reach sets in advance Fixed threshold value.
4. the microphone of expansible dynamic range according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the tunable capacitor array is adopted It is controlled with binary coding mode, the number of required control signal is:N=log2P, wherein P are the capacitance switch of parallel connection The number of unit.
5. the microphone of expansible dynamic range according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the tunable capacitor array is every The secondary time increased or decreased needed for a capacitance switch unit is:
T=t1/2NOr t=t2/2N
The step-length of the change of sensitivity of the microphone chip is:S=B/2N
T in above formula1For the startup time needed for sensitivity decaying;t2Restore required release time for sensitivity;B is gain model It encloses.
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