CN104812373B - 用于敏感性和牙齿疼痛的口用凝胶 - Google Patents
用于敏感性和牙齿疼痛的口用凝胶 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104812373B CN104812373B CN201380063508.XA CN201380063508A CN104812373B CN 104812373 B CN104812373 B CN 104812373B CN 201380063508 A CN201380063508 A CN 201380063508A CN 104812373 B CN104812373 B CN 104812373B
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Abstract
本文公开了口腔可接受的局部止痛凝胶,所述凝胶在口腔可接受的凝胶基质中包含止痛油的混合物,所述混合物包含(a)丁香油和/或丁香酚、(b)冷却剂和(c)樟脑;所述凝胶基质包含阴离子聚合物和碱性氨基酸,并且在施用于牙齿之后,所述止痛凝胶提供止痛油混合物的受控释放;以及制备和使用所述凝胶的方法。
Description
发明背景
牙齿疼痛最通常由对牙齿的结构损害引起,其中通常被牙质和牙釉质良好保护的牙齿的神经暴露于外部刺激,例如作为龋齿、有裂缝的牙齿、暴露的牙根或牙釉质的腐蚀的结果,以及由牙龈疾病、脓肿或碰撞引起。牙疼的严重性范围可从慢性和轻微到急剧和极痛苦。疼痛可通过咀嚼或冷或热加重。未经牙齿检查,患者可能不能鉴定疼痛的起因。当前的症状治疗包括药用止痛剂(非甾体抗炎药,例如阿司匹林、布洛芬或对乙酰氨基酚)、含有利多卡因或苯佐卡因的局部凝胶麻醉剂和/或麻醉药例如可待因,但是这些药物各自具有它们自身的限制,在于没有处方它们可能不能得到,可能不具有立即的效果,和/或可具有不期望的副作用。家用药物可提供疼痛的暂时缓解,但是不会在牙齿上保留延长的时间,并且通常不提供活性成分的受控递送或持久的疼痛减轻。
需要治疗牙齿疼痛的改进的方法,其解决各种类型的疼痛,例如来自空洞以及来自牙齿过敏的疼痛,并且其提供立即和持久的疼痛减轻。
发明概述
在第一方面,本发明提供一种新的局部“留存型(leave on)”凝胶制剂,其允许向受影响的牙齿持久递送疼痛-减轻草本提取物。
本发明的口腔可接受的止痛“留存型”凝胶制剂在口腔可接受的凝胶基质中包含止痛油的混合物,所述混合物包含(a) 丁香油和/或丁香酚、(b) 冷却剂,例如,选自薄荷醇、薄荷油、薄荷酯、薄荷基氧基(menthoxy)链烷醇和对-薄荷烷甲酰胺(例如,N-乙基-对-薄荷烷-3-甲酰胺)和它们的混合物;和(c) 樟脑,所述凝胶基质包含阴离子聚合物和碱性氨基酸(例如精氨酸),在施用后所述制剂提供止痛油混合物的持久释放。在一个实施方案中,凝胶基质包含
a. 聚(丙烯酸),例如,卡波姆均聚物类型B,例如,Carbopol®974P NF;
b. 甲基乙烯基醚/马来酸酐(PVM/MA)共聚物;
c. 丙二醇;
d. 非离子表面活性剂,其选自泊洛沙姆、聚山梨酸酯和它们的混合物;
e. 碱性氨基酸,例如,精氨酸,例如,其量足以中和阴离子聚合物;
f. 水;和
g. 任选的增甜剂、矫味剂和/或防腐剂。
在其它方面,本发明提供制备所述制剂和使用所述制剂以减轻牙齿疼痛的方法。意外地发现这些油彼此组合更有效作为止痛剂,可能是因为它们影响不同的受体。制剂呈现一些挑战,由于口腔基本上为含水环境,并且止痛油仅可较差的溶于水中,但是提供的结构化的制剂得到稳定的制剂以及在施用后有效和持久释放止痛油。
由下文提供的详细描述,本发明的适用性的其它领域将变得显而易见。应理解的是,虽然指示本发明的优选的实施方案,但是详细描述和具体实施例旨在仅为说明的目的,不旨在限制本发明的范围。
发明详述
优选实施方案的以下描述仅为举例说明的性质,绝不打算限制本发明、其应用或用途。
本文使用的术语“有效量”指提供抗敏感性或疼痛减轻效果所需的止痛油的量。牙齿疼痛可为龋齿、有裂缝的牙齿、暴露的牙根或牙釉质的腐蚀的结果,以及由于牙龈疾病、脓肿或碰撞。
在一些实施方案中,在第一实施方案中,本发明提供一种口腔可接受的局部止痛凝胶(制剂1),所述凝胶在口腔可接受的凝胶基质中包含口腔可接受的局部止痛凝胶,所述局部止痛凝胶包含止痛油的混合物,所述混合物包含(a) 丁香油和/或丁香酚、(b) 冷却剂和(c) 樟脑,所述凝胶基质包含阴离子聚合物和碱性氨基酸,在施用于牙齿之后制剂提供止痛油混合物的持久释放。
例如,本发明提供例如
1.1. 制剂1,其中在向牙齿施用制剂后,所述凝胶基质提供止痛草木植物油的持久释放,达至少3分钟,例如,至少5分钟,例如,至少10分钟,例如,至少20分钟的时间段。
1.2. 制剂1或1.1,其中所述止痛油的混合物占制剂的1-10重量%,例如,约5%。
1.3. 前述制剂中的任一种,其中(a)与(b)与(c)的比率为70-100:5-15:5-15,例如,约8:1:1-约10:1:1。
1.4. 前述制剂中的任一种,其中所述止痛油的混合物包含70-100:5-15:5-15,例如,约8:1:1-约10:1:1比率的丁香酚或丁香油:薄荷醇:樟脑。
1.5. 前述制剂中的任一种,其中所述冷却剂为TRMP8热感受器激动剂,例如,选自薄荷油、薄荷醇、薄荷基氧基链烷醇(例如,3-(1-薄荷基氧基)-2-甲基丙-1,2-二醇、3-(1-薄荷基氧基)乙醇、3-(1-薄荷基氧基)丙-1-醇和3-(1-薄荷基氧基)丁-1-醇)、薄荷酯(例如,乳酸薄荷酯和3-羟基丁酸薄荷酯)和对-薄荷烷3-甲酰胺(例如,N-乙基-对-薄荷烷-3-甲酰胺(WS-3)、(1R,2S,5R)-N-(4-甲氧基苯基)-对-薄荷烷甲酰胺(WS-12)、(2S,5R)-N-[4-(2-氨基-2-氧代乙基)苯基]-对-薄荷烷甲酰胺、N-环丙基-5-甲基-2-异丙基环己烷羰基甲酰胺(carbonecarboxamide)、3-(对-薄荷烷-3-甲酰氨基)乙酸乙酯(WS-5)、(1R,2S,5R)-N-(4-甲氧基苯基)-对-薄荷烷甲酰胺(WS-12)、N-乙基-2,2-二异丙基丁酰胺(WS-27)、N-环丙基-5-甲基-2-异丙基环己烷甲酰胺、N-(1,1-二甲基-2-羟基乙基)-2,2-二乙基丁酰胺(WS-116)、N-(4-氰基甲基苯基)-对-薄荷烷甲酰胺和N-(2-(吡啶-2-基)乙基)-3-对-薄荷烷甲酰胺;例如N-乙基-对-薄荷烷-3-甲酰胺)和它们的混合物。
1.6. 前述制剂中的任一种,其中所述冷却剂为薄荷醇。
1.7. 前述制剂中的任一种,其中所述碱性氨基酸选自精氨酸、赖氨酸、瓜氨酸(citrullene)、鸟氨酸、肌酸、组氨酸、二氨基丁酸、二氨基丙酸。
1.8. 前述制剂中的任一种,其中所述碱性氨基酸为精氨酸。
1.9. 前述制剂中的任一种,其中所述碱性氨基酸以足以部分或完全中和阴离子聚合物的量存在,例如,4-12%,例如,约8%。
1.10. 前述制剂中的任一种,其中所述阴离子聚合物为聚羧酸酯,例如,选自聚(丙烯酸)(任选例如与聚烯基醚或二乙烯基二醇交联)并且任选另外包含马来酸酐或酸与另一种可聚合的烯属不饱和(ethylenically unsaturated)单体的1:4-4:1共聚物(例如,甲基乙烯基醚/马来酸酐(PVM/MA)共聚物),游离的或盐形式。
1.11. 前述制剂中的任一种,其中所述凝胶基质包含一种或多种非离子表面活性剂,例如,选自泊洛沙姆、聚山梨酸酯和它们的混合物。
1.12. 前述制剂中的任一种,其中所述凝胶基质的pH为6-8,例如,其中所述凝胶基质为约pH中性的。
1.13. 前述制剂中的任一种,其中所述凝胶基质还包含一种或多种收敛剂,例如,草本收敛剂,例如,选自榄仁阿朱(Terminalia arjuna)和刺槐(Acacia)提取物或粉末。
1.14. 前述制剂中的任一种,其中所述凝胶基质还包含可溶性钾盐,例如,硝酸钾。
1.15. 前述制剂中的任一种,其中所述凝胶基质还包含小颗粒闭塞剂,例如,小颗粒二氧化硅或碳酸钙,其d50小于5 μm,例如,0.5-5 μm,例如,小颗粒合成的无定形二氧化硅(例如,d50为约3-4 μm)和/或小颗粒沉淀碳酸钙(例如,d50为约0.5-3 μm)。
1.16. 前述制剂中的任一种,其中所述止痛油的混合物还包含温暖剂(warmingagent),例如,TRPV1热感受器激动剂,例如,黑胡椒油、姜油、香草提取物、香草基丁基醚、辣椒酊剂或任何这些物质的混合物,例如,姜油、胡椒油或它们的混合物。
1.17. 前述制剂中的任一种,其中所述止痛油的混合物还包含抗炎草木植物油,例如,酚类草木植物油,例如百里酚。
1.18. 前述制剂中的任一种,其中所述凝胶基质包含增甜剂,例如,糖精、矫味剂(除了止痛油以外)和/或防腐剂(例如,苯甲酸钠)。
1.19. 前述制剂中的任一种,其中所述凝胶基质包含:
a. 交联的聚(丙烯酸),例如,卡波姆均聚物类型B,例如,Carbopol®974P NF;
b. 丙二醇;
c. 非离子表面活性剂,其选自泊洛沙姆、聚山梨酸酯和它们的混合物;
d. 中和碱,例如,氢氧化钠;和
e. 水。
例如,在一方面,本发明提供制剂1.17,前述制剂中的任一种的口腔可接受的局部止痛凝胶,所述制剂包含
卡波姆均聚物类型B | 1-2%,例如,约1.5% |
甲基乙烯基醚/马来酸酐共聚物 | 1-3%,例如,约2% |
L-精氨酸 | 6-10%,例如,约8% |
丙二醇 | 10-20%,例如,约15% |
泊洛沙姆 | 5-15%,例如,约9% |
聚山梨酸酯 | 2-7%,例如,约5% |
糖精钠 | 0-0.5%,例如,约0.2% |
苯甲酸钠 | 0-0.5%,例如,约0.2% |
碱,例如,NaOH | 以调节至pH 6-8 |
丁香油或丁香酚 | 3-6%,例如,约4-5% |
樟脑 | 0.2-0.8%,例如,约0.5% |
薄荷醇 | 0.2-0.8%,例如,约0.5% |
水 | 30-75% |
在其它方面,本发明提供制备所述制剂和使用所述制剂来减轻牙齿疼痛的方法。
例如,本发明提供一种减轻牙齿疼痛的方法,所述方法包括向受影响的区域给予有效量的制剂1及以下制剂中任一种的组合物,例如,其中在施用后,所述组合物留在受影响的区域上达例如至少1分钟,例如,至少5分钟。本发明还提供用于减轻牙齿疼痛的制剂1及以下制剂中的任一种。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供止痛油的混合物以及阴离子聚合物和碱性氨基酸在制备口腔可接受的局部止痛凝胶(例如,制剂1及以下制剂中任一种的凝胶)以减轻牙齿疼痛中的用途,所述混合物包含(a) 丁香油和/或丁香酚、(b) 冷却剂(例如,如前所述,例如,选自薄荷醇、薄荷油、薄荷酯、薄荷基氧基链烷醇和对-薄荷烷甲酰胺(例如,N-乙基-对-薄荷烷-3-甲酰胺)和它们的混合物);和(c) 樟脑。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供一种制备口腔可接受的局部止痛凝胶的方法,例如,如前所述,例如,制剂1及以下制剂中的任一种,所述口腔可接受的局部止痛凝胶包含止痛油的混合物以及口腔可接受的凝胶基质,所述混合物包含(a) 丁香油和/或丁香酚、(b) 冷却剂和(c) 樟脑;所述凝胶基质包含交联的聚(丙烯酸)聚合物、非离子表面活性剂、碱性氨基酸和水,所述方法包括首先形成油包水型乳液,其中油相包含止痛油的混合物,水相包含聚(丙烯酸)聚合物和水,并且所述非离子表面活性剂促进乳液形成,随后加入碱性氨基酸,以提高这样形成的乳液的pH至足以使交联的聚(丙烯酸)聚合物上的羧基电离的水平,从而形成稳定的凝胶。
止痛油:在各种实施方案中,本发明提供组合物,所述组合物包含止痛油的混合物,所述混合物包含(a) 丁香油和/或丁香酚;(b) 冷却剂,例如,选自薄荷油、薄荷醇、薄荷酯、薄荷基氧基链烷醇和对-薄荷烷3-甲酰胺)和它们的混合物;和(c) 樟脑。这些止痛油可来自天然来源或者可为合成的。丁香油从丁香植物(丁香(Syzygium aromaticum))的芽、叶子或茎提取。当使用丁香油代替丁香酚时,可调节所用的量,使得丁香酚的量(通常为丁香油的80-90%)恒定。樟脑可从植物提取,例如,从月桂树或迷迭香提取,或者通过合成生产,例如,由松节油的油生产。冷却剂为本领域已知的并且描述于例如Leffingwell,“CoolingIngredients and Their Mechanisms of Action (冷却成分和它们的作用机理)”,第65章, Barel等人(编辑),Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology(化妆品科学技术手册),第3版,Informa Healthcare (2009),其内容通过引用结合到本文中。冷却剂包括天然或合成的TRMP8热感受器激动剂,例如,薄荷醇,其为薄荷油及其各种衍生物的占优势的组分,例如,具有对-薄荷烷(1-甲基-4-异丙基-环己基)部分的化合物,例如薄荷酯、薄荷基氧基链烷醇和对-薄荷烷3-甲酰胺。在一些实施方案中,止痛油可另外包含一种或多种温暖剂,例如,TRPV1热感受器激动剂,例如,黑胡椒油、姜油、香草提取物、香草基丁基醚、辣椒酊剂或它们的混合物,例如其量为0.1-2%,例如,约0.5%姜油和0.5%黑胡椒油。在一些实施方案中,止痛油可另外包含一种或多种抗炎草木植物油,例如,选自酚类草木植物油,例如百里酚,例如其量为0.1-2%,例如,约0.5%百里酚。
在各种实施方案中,本发明的凝胶利用阴离子聚合物,其倾向于粘附于口腔的软和硬表面,并且提供止痛油的靶向持久递送。卡波姆或聚丙烯酸酯(例如各种Carbopol®产品)为交联的聚(丙烯酸)聚合物,并且在某些实施方案中,可形成凝胶的主要结构化物。例如,凝胶可包含交联的聚(丙烯酸),例如,卡波姆均聚物类型B,例如Carbopol®974P NF。这些聚合物在低pH下具有低粘度,允许凝胶的各种组分混合,并且形成止痛油的乳液或悬浮液,但是当通过加入碱性材料而提高pH时,羧基部分电离,并且彼此排斥,引起聚合物溶胀和粘度提高。在基质中捕集的油滴保持稳定悬浮于制剂中,并且在施用后随后释放。因此,聚丙烯酸酯组分通常以游离酸形式加入,并且随后在最终的制剂中用合适的碱部分或完全中和,以形成水溶性碱金属(例如,钾和钠)或铵盐。提供聚丙烯酸酯,其量足以在最终的制剂中提供粘稠的凝胶,例如,0.5-3%,例如1-1.5%。在一些实施方案中,本发明的组合物可包含另外的聚合物,例如马来酸酐或酸与另一种可聚合的烯属不饱和单体的1:4-4:1共聚物(例如,甲基乙烯基醚/马来酸酐(PVM/MA)共聚物),例如,分子量(M.W.)为约30,000-约1,000,000,最优选约300,000-约800,000。甲基乙烯基醚/马来酸酐(PVM/MA)共聚物包括Gantrez®产品线,例如,AN 139 (M.W. 500,000)、AN 119 (M.W. 250,000),优选药用级S-97 (M.W. 700,000);可得自ISP Technologies,Inc.,Bound Brook,N.J. 08805。
当存在时,另外的阴离子聚合物可以约0.05-约3重量%的量存在。最后,在一些实施方案中,组合物包含另外的增稠剂,例如,可存在聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP,例如,Plasdone® S-630)或/和二氧化硅增稠剂,其在含水介质中形成聚合结构或凝胶。注意这些二氧化硅增稠剂在物理上和功能上不同于通常用于洁齿剂制剂的颗粒二氧化硅研磨剂,因为二氧化硅增稠剂磨得非常碎,并且提供很少或不提供研磨剂作用。其它增稠剂可包括羧基乙烯基聚合物、角叉菜胶、羟乙基纤维素和/或纤维素醚的水溶性盐,例如羧甲基纤维素钠和羧甲基羟乙基纤维素钠。还可掺入天然树胶,例如刺梧桐树胶、阿拉伯胶和黄蓍胶。胶态硅酸铝镁也可用作增稠组合物的组分,以进一步改善组合物的质地。在某些实施方案中,除了聚羧酸酯以外,可使用增稠剂,发现其量为组合物总量的约0.5%-约10.0重量%。
可用于本发明的组合物和方法的碱性氨基酸不仅包括天然存在的碱性氨基酸,例如精氨酸、赖氨酸和组氨酸,而且还包括在分子中具有羧基和氨基的任何碱性氨基酸,其为水溶性的,并且提供7或更大的pH的含水溶液,因此可用于至少部分中和制剂的酸性阴离子聚合物。因此,碱性氨基酸包括但不限于精氨酸、赖氨酸、瓜氨酸、鸟氨酸、肌酸、组氨酸、二氨基丁酸、二氨基丙酸,它们的盐或它们的组合。在一个具体的实施方案中,碱性氨基酸选自精氨酸、瓜氨酸和鸟氨酸。在某些实施方案中,碱性氨基酸为精氨酸,例如,l-精氨酸或其盐。碱性氨基酸的量取决于具体的制剂,在一些实施方案中,简单地为为制剂提供6-8的pH所需的量,例如,约中性pH。在各种实施方案中,碱性氨基酸以制剂的4-12% w/w,例如,约8%的量存在。
在一些实施方案中,本发明包含能堵塞牙质小管和降低牙齿的敏感性的小颗粒闭塞剂。小颗粒闭塞剂可为例如小颗粒二氧化硅或碳酸钙,其d50小于5 μm,例如,0.5-5 μm,例如,小颗粒合成的无定形二氧化硅(d50为约3-4 μm)和/或小颗粒沉淀碳酸钙(d50为约0.5-3μm)。例如,市售可得的Sorbosil AC43二氧化硅的d50为3.95 μm。使用本领域已知的粒径测量技术测量d50。例如,可使用Malvern粒径分析仪Mastersizer 2000型号(或可比的型号)(Malvern Instruments,Inc.,Southborough,Mass.)测量粒径分布,其中通过含有二氧化硅(例如,悬浮于含水溶液中的二氧化硅水凝胶颗粒)的透明的池投射氦-氖气体激光束。透过颗粒的光线通过与粒径成反比的角度散射。光检测器完全以若干预定的角度测量光的量。随后针对由理论颗粒预测的散射模式,例如,如样品和含水分散剂的折射指数定义的,通过微计算机系统处理与测量的光通量值成比例的电信号,以测定二氧化硅水凝胶的粒径分布。应理解的是,测量粒径的其它方法为本领域已知的,并且基于本文描述的公开内容,熟练的技术人员将理解如何计算本发明的颗粒的中值粒径、平均粒径和/或粒径分布。
在某些实施方案中,通过表面活性剂促进油在本发明的凝胶中的乳化。在一些实施方案中,表面活性剂为非离子表面活性剂。可用于本发明的组合物的说明性非离子表面活性剂包括通过环氧烷基团(通常为亲水性的)与可为脂族或烷基芳族的有机疏水化合物的缩合生产的化合物。非离子表面活性剂的实例包括但不限于泊洛沙姆(例如,包含侧面有两个聚氧乙烯(聚(环氧乙烷))的亲水链的聚氧丙烯(聚(环氧丙烷))的中心疏水链的非离子三嵌段共聚物,例如以商品名Pluronic®或Kolliphor®市售可得的,例如,泊洛沙姆407)、聚山梨酸酯(被脂肪酸酯化的聚乙氧基化的脱水山梨糖醇,例如作为Alkest®、Canarcel®或吐温®市售可得的,例如聚山梨酸酯20)和它们的混合物。可使用的其它非离子表面活性剂包括烷基酚的聚环氧乙烷缩合物、衍生自环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷和乙二胺的反应产物的缩合的产物、脂族醇的环氧乙烷缩合物、长链叔胺氧化物、长链叔膦氧化物、长链二烷基亚砜和这样的材料的混合物。表面活性剂或相容的表面活性剂的混合物可以足以允许在(i) 水和凝胶的其它亲水组分和(ii) 止痛油之间形成水包油型乳液的量存在于本发明的组合物中,例如,约0.1%-约20.0%,例如组合物总量的约5%-约20重量%。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的组合物的粘度大于约1,000厘泊(cPs)并且小于约900,000 cPs,在一个更具体的实施方案中,大于约10,000 cP并且小于约100,000 cPs,在一个更具体的实施方案中,大于 50,000 cPs并且小于900,000 cPs,在一个甚至更具体的实施方案中,约200,000 cPs-约600,000 cPs。
本发明的组合物可任选包含其它组分,例如湿润剂,例如,丙二醇和/或甘油、矫味剂(除了止痛油以外)、增甜剂(例如,糖精钠)、防腐剂(例如,苯甲酸钠)、碱化剂(例如,氢氧化钠)和/或着色剂。
从始至终使用的范围作为缩写使用,该缩写用于描述在该范围内的每一个和所有值。可选择在该范围内的任何值作为范围的端点。此外,本文引用的所有参考文献通过引用而全文结合到本文中。在本公开中的定义与引用的参考文献冲突的情况下,以本公开为准。
除非另外指定,否则本文和在说明书的其它地方表述的所有百分数和量应理解为指重量百分数。给出的量基于材料的活性重量。
在以下实施例中进一步描述本发明的实施方案。实施例仅为举例说明性的,绝不限制所描述和要求保护的本发明的范围。
实施例
实施例1
使用以下成分制备凝胶:
简要地,将卡波姆在丙二醇和水中分散,搅拌;随后将表面活性剂、甜味剂和防腐剂预混合,加入,搅拌。随后加入油共混物,将混合物均化。最后加入碱,其提高混合物的pH,并且引起卡波姆上的羧酸酯基团电离,导致稠厚的凝胶。制备具有不同量的油组分的以上制剂,观察制剂的性质,将制剂施用于志愿者的牙齿和牙龈:
虽然没有一个制剂完全不可接受,但是5%共混物看起来稳定,尽管有较高的油水平,提供有效水平的活性剂的良好递送。
油共混物组合物的优化:随后使用如下不同的油共混物组合物改变上述5%油制剂:
制备较大量的最终制剂,以及包含0.5%甲醇但是没有丁香油或樟脑的安慰剂制剂,以及使用丁香油代替丁香酚的另外的制剂(调节丁香油的量以提供等量的丁香酚),如在表7 (以下)中描述的。将这些制剂在受试者中测试,与安慰剂制剂相比,发现选项1和1A的制剂具有良好的施用和保留性质以及提供牙齿疼痛的优良减轻。
实施例2
通过任选使用小颗粒二氧化硅以提供用于敏感性减轻的牙质小管快速堵塞,和/或任选使用另外的止痛油和/或钾盐以提供另外的疼痛减轻,进一步优化上述凝胶,用于提供空洞和敏感性疼痛的缓解效果。另外的聚合物粘合剂例如聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(Plasdone® S-630) 或甲基乙烯基醚/马来酸酐共聚物(Gantrez®)提供另外的基质支撑,以保持和控制从制剂释放小颗粒二氧化硅或其它活性剂和/或草木植物油。如在前面的实施例中,组合物被乳化剂稳定并且含有其它赋形剂,例如增甜剂、湿润剂和防腐剂。将这些留存型凝胶制剂直接施用于受影响的牙齿表面上或沿着牙龈线以提供空洞和敏感性相关疼痛的立即和长久减轻。由于使用草木植物油和闭塞剂制备凝胶的方法具有挑战,因此试图各种组合以得到最稳定的组合物。
发现以下制剂原型具有良好凝胶和递送性质:
根据以下流程制备制剂:
1. 在配方量的丙二醇和一部分的水中分散Carbopol 974P NF。
2. 借助均化器,在丙二醇和水共混物中确保均匀分散和润湿Carbopol。
3. 避免非常高的搅拌,以防止空气捕集和大块形成。
4. 向剩余量的水中加入配方量的泊洛沙姆407、聚山梨酸酯20、糖精钠和苯甲酸钠。
5. 在混合机中,在低速下将所有成分混合在一起。
6. 继续混合,直至得到均匀的分散体。
7. 在确保两种共混物均匀分散后,在混合机中,向泊洛沙姆分散体加入聚合物分散体。
8. 允许两者混合,直至得到光滑的均匀分散体。
9. 向分散体中加入配方量的油共混物,并且在无真空下混合一些时间。
10. 随后在完全真空下在高速下混合,以确保完全乳化。
11. 在高速和完全真空下向分散体中加入配方量的碱,以中和聚合物,并且得到最终稠厚的凝胶。
当存在时,在加入和分散Carbopol之前,电解质(像硝酸钾)在丙二醇-水共混物中加入。当存在时,在完全乳化过程之后加入AC-43二氧化硅。在加入所有其它油和活性物质之后,但是在中和过程之前,加入另外的非活性成分,像增稠二氧化硅。在以下表9中提供本发明的一些示例性组合物的详细的成分列举。
实施例3
进一步优化上述凝胶,通过使用精氨酸而不是氢氧化钠来中和聚合物,用于提供空洞和敏感性的减轻效果。精氨酸提供持久和舒缓的缓冲效果,此外能够与口腔中的可用的矿物质形成复合物,以堵塞牙质小管,从而降低敏感性。当其代替前述实施例的氢氧化钠用于中和阴离子聚合物和固定乳液作为稳定的凝胶的目的时,精氨酸在配制过程结束时加入。
Claims (24)
1.一种口腔可接受的局部止痛凝胶,所述凝胶包含:
止痛油的混合物,所述混合物包含(a)丁香油和/或丁香酚、(b)冷却剂和(c)樟脑,其中(a)与(b)与(c)的比率为70-100∶5-15∶5-15;和
口腔可接受的凝胶基质,所述凝胶基质包含:
阴离子聚合物和碱性氨基酸;
其中在施用于牙齿之后,所述凝胶基质提供止痛油混合物的受控释放。
2.权利要求1的止痛凝胶,其中30秒后,所述凝胶基质向牙齿释放有效量的止痛油。
3.权利要求1或权利要求2的止痛凝胶,其中60秒后,所述凝胶基质向牙齿释放有效量的止痛油。
4.权利要求1或权利要求2的止痛凝胶,其中所述凝胶基质向牙齿递送有效量的止痛油至少5分钟。
5.权利要求1或权利要求2的止痛凝胶,其中所述凝胶基质向牙齿递送有效量的止痛油最多120分钟。
6.权利要求1的止痛凝胶,其中所述止痛油的混合物占制剂的1-10重量%。
7.权利要求1的止痛凝胶,其中所述冷却剂为薄荷醇。
8.权利要求1的止痛凝胶,其中(a)与(b)与(c)的比率为8∶1∶1-10∶1∶1。
9.权利要求1的止痛凝胶,其中所述止痛油的混合物包含8∶1∶1-10∶1∶1比率的丁香油∶薄荷醇∶樟脑。
10.权利要求1的止痛凝胶,其中所述碱性氨基酸选自精氨酸、赖氨酸、瓜氨酸、鸟氨酸、肌酸、组氨酸、二氨基丁酸、二氨基丙酸。
11.权利要求10的止痛凝胶,其中所述碱性氨基酸为精氨酸。
12.权利要求1或权利要求10的止痛凝胶,其中所述碱性氨基酸以足以部分或完全中和阴离子聚合物的量存在。
13.权利要求1的止痛凝胶,其中阴离子聚合物包含交联的聚(丙烯酸)。
14.权利要求1的止痛凝胶,其中所述凝胶基质包含甲基乙烯基醚/马来酸酐(PVM/MA)共聚物。
15.权利要求1的止痛凝胶,其中所述凝胶基质包含一种或多种选自泊洛沙姆、聚山梨酸酯和它们的混合物的非离子表面活性剂。
16.权利要求1的止痛凝胶,其中所述凝胶基质的pH为6-8。
17.权利要求1的止痛凝胶,其中所述凝胶基质包含一种或多种收敛剂。
18.权利要求1的止痛凝胶,其中所述凝胶基质包含可溶性钾盐。
19.权利要求1的止痛凝胶,其中所述凝胶基质包含小颗粒闭塞剂。
20.权利要求1的止痛凝胶,其中所述止痛油的混合物还包含温暖剂。
21.权利要求1的凝胶,其中所述凝胶基质包含:
a)交联的聚(丙烯酸);
b)丙二醇;
c)选自泊洛沙姆、聚山梨酸酯和它们的混合物的非离子表面活性剂;和
d)中和碱。
22.权利要求1的止痛凝胶在制备用于减轻牙齿疼痛的产品中的用途。
23.包含(a)丁香油和/或丁香酚、(b)冷却剂和(c)樟脑的止痛油的混合物以及阴离子聚合物和碱性氨基酸在制备口腔可接受的局部止痛凝胶中的用途,其中(a)与(b)与(c)的比率为70-100∶5-15∶5-15,所述止痛凝胶用于减轻牙齿疼痛和/或敏感性。
24.一种制备口腔可接受的局部止痛凝胶的方法,所述凝胶包含止痛油的混合物和口腔可接受的凝胶基质,所述混合物包含(a)丁香油和/或丁香酚、(b)冷却剂和(c)樟脑,其中(a)与(b)与(c)的比率为70-100∶5-15∶5-15;所述凝胶基质包含交联的聚(丙烯酸)聚合物、非离子表面活性剂、碱性氨基酸和水,所述方法包括:
a)形成油包水型乳液,其中油相包含止痛油的混合物,水相包含聚(丙烯酸)聚合物和水,并且所述非离子表面活性剂促进乳液形成,
b)加入碱性氨基酸,以提高这样形成的乳液的pH至足以使交联的聚(丙烯酸)聚合物上的羧基电离的水平,从而形成稳定的凝胶。
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