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CN104786777B - Full-electric vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system based on air compression and circulation - Google Patents

Full-electric vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system based on air compression and circulation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104786777B
CN104786777B CN201510152272.8A CN201510152272A CN104786777B CN 104786777 B CN104786777 B CN 104786777B CN 201510152272 A CN201510152272 A CN 201510152272A CN 104786777 B CN104786777 B CN 104786777B
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China
Prior art keywords
air
car
heat pump
electric vehicle
circulation
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201510152272.8A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN104786777A (en
Inventor
张春路
曹祥
李慧
邵亮亮
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Tongji University
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Tongji University
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Priority to CN201510152272.8A priority Critical patent/CN104786777B/en
Publication of CN104786777A publication Critical patent/CN104786777A/en
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Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00385Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
    • B60H1/00392Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00007Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
    • B60H1/00021Air flow details of HVAC devices
    • B60H1/00064Air flow details of HVAC devices for sending air streams of different temperatures into the passenger compartment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00321Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H1/00899Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3223Cooling devices using compression characterised by the arrangement or type of the compressor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a full-electric vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system based on air compression and circulation. The full-electric vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system comprises a turbine type air compressor, a turbine type air expander, a transmission coupler, a heat regenerator, a vehicle internal air cooler, a vehicle external air cooler, an air mixing box, a direct current fan, a water stop plate with a condensate water disc, a plurality of air-supply air channels, a plurality of air supply openings, a compartment, a vehicle external air inlet, an exhaust opening, a fresh air opening, an exhaust outlet, a three-way reversing valve and a connecting pipe. In comparison with the prior art, based on the semi-open type heat regeneration type air compression and circulation heat pump principle, the air compression and circulation refrigerating and heat pump technology is applied to a full-electric vehicle air-conditioner, and the problem that when a current full-electric vehicle is used in a severe cold region, the power consumption of the air-conditioner is large is solved.

Description

The pure electric vehicle heat pump type air conditioning system of circulation is compressed based on air
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of air conditioning system for vehicle, more particularly, to a kind of pure electric vehicle heat that circulation is compressed based on air Pump air conditioner system.
Background technology
Pure electric vehicle (EV), the more low-carbon environment-friendly compared with traditional combustion engine automobile, but due to the restriction of type of drive, its Self power is originally far smaller than orthodox car, using the teaching of the invention it is possible to provide is even more to the power of air conditioning system and is extremely limited, pure electric vehicle exists Course continuation mileage will decline to a great extent in the case of opening air-conditioning, and it is practical that air-conditioning power consumption has actually become restriction new type power motor vehicles One of major obstacle of change.Particularly in the winter time, traditional combustion engine automobile primary will be supplied by engine exhaust heat and critesistor PTC Warm, but pure electric vehicle adopts Motor drive, its electromotor cannot provide enough heat or at all without electromotor, can only rely on Thermal resistance PTC provides heat, and this will consume the electric energy of car load more than 30%, that is, shorten three one-tenth of course continuation mileage.It is pure ensureing While electric motor car operational reliability, also should provide to occupant and comfortably drive and take environment, the air conditioning energy consumption of pure electric vehicle Problems demand is solved.
Accordingly, it is considered to the use of heat pump air conditioner be that motor vehicles freeze and heating, power consumption is reduced.But relative to domestic air conditioning For, the running environment of automobile-used heat pump air conditioner is more severe, it is often necessary to run under the conditions of variable working condition;Carbon-hydrogen refrigerant steam Work efficiency of the compression type heat pump air conditioner system in the winter time under low temperature environment is relatively low, heats COP less than 2, i.e., using 1kWh electric energy The heat energy of 2kWh can not be provided.And be present external heat exchanger surface frosting during winter heating in vapor compression heat pump, make Heating effect is had a greatly reduced quality.Additionally, for the worry to greenhouse effect, it is each that vehicle air conditioning refrigerant replacement problem has become the world The important issue of state.
Air compressing hot pump air-conditioning contributes to solving problem above.First, air is used as the natural medium being available anywhere, just It is cold-producing medium most environmentally friendly, economic in the world, and it is harmless.For air compressing hot pump, the height temperature-heat-source temperature difference Bigger, cooling system/heating capacity is also bigger, and this is consistent with the variation tendency of in-car cold heat load, better than traditional steam Compression heat pump;COP is much smaller with the traditional vapor compression heat pump of working conditions change Amplitude Ratio, and without heat exchanger frosting problem, Performance under worst cold case is more competitive.Therefore, introduce air and compress circulating heat pump as pure electric vehicle air-conditioning, in cold Area would is that the selection of a suitable green energy conservation with severe cold area.
At present pure electric vehicle generally uses critesistor PTC or steam compression heat pump air-conditioning heating, at low ambient temperatures Efficiency is very low.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is air compression circularly cooling and heat pump techniques to be applied in pure electric vehicle air-conditioning, solves mesh Front pure electric vehicle big problem of air-conditioning power consumption during the use of severe cold area, and one kind is provided with semi-open type backheating type air Compression circulating heat pump principle refrigeration and the pure electric vehicle heat pump type air conditioning system that circulation is compressed based on air for heating.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
It is a kind of based on air compress circulation pure electric vehicle heat pump type air conditioning system, including air compressor, air expander, Transmission coupling, regenerator, in-car air cooler, the outer air cooler of car, mixed bellows and compartment, described air compressor Machine driving is carried out by transmission coupling and air expander to be connected, described in-car air cooler is arranged in mixed bellows, Described mixed bellows are connected with fresh wind port, and described mixed bellows connect car by some supply air ducts with air outlet Jing connecting tubes Railway carriage or compartment, while compartment is connected with exhaust outlet, described regenerator has two interface channels, wherein on an interface channel, regenerator Entrance is connected respectively the outer air intake of car and compartment, regenerator outlet air compressor by three-way diverter valve and connecting tube Entrance, on another interface channel, regenerator entrance by three-way diverter valve respectively with in-car air cooler, the air cooling of car outer space But device connection, regenerator outlet is connected with air expander entrance, and described air compressor outlet is by connecting tube and threeway Reversal valve is connected respectively with in-car air cooler, the outer air cooler of car, and described air expander outlet passes through connecting tube It is connected air vent respectively with mixed bellows with three-way diverter valve.
DC fan, the water fender with condensation water pond and in-car air cooler are disposed with described mixed bellows.
The outer air intake of described car arranges filter in the connecting tube between three-way diverter valve.
Air filter, blower fan or air-valve are set in the connecting tube between described mixed bellows and fresh wind port.
Blower fan or air-valve are provided with connecting tube between described mixed bellows and compartment.
Connecting tube between described regenerator and compartment is provided with air filter.
Described air compressor is turbine type air compressor.
Described air expander is turbine type air expander.
Air compressor adopts turbo-compressor in the present invention, and air is compressed, and air compressor is swollen with air Swollen machine Jing transmission couplings machine driving interacts, and realizes the recovery of expansion work.Under heating condition, in-car air cooler is Air heat-exchange in the capital equipment for heating, the High Temperature High Pressure air in in-car air cooler heat exchanger channels and mixed bellows, plus Air in the mixed bellows of heat;It is single-phase fluid heat exchanger that regenerator is actual, higher from in-car air cooler temperature out Air Jing regenerators with from will air inlet compressor air heat-exchange, temperature reduce, reduce circulation pressure ratio, improve system System efficiency;Air expander adopts turbine type air expander, completes the pressure drop process for circulating, and air flow process drives air Decompressor rotates acting, and Jing transmission couplings pass to air compressor, and alternative partial air compressor rotates required energy Amount, the energy recycle device helps improve unit overall performance;The air Jing regenerators heat exchange that air expander low-pressure end is discharged After be directly discharged into air, the working medium of air compressor inlet part --- air can be extracted directly from environment.Unit is in low temperature Endotherm section does not use cryogenic heat exchanger but using the method for open by design, fundamentally solves current steam compression type heat Cryogenic heat exchanger frosting problem under the winter condition that pump is present.Meanwhile, can by compressing the specificity analysises of circulating heat pump to air To find out, when ambient temperature reduce or compartment in temperature raise when, the unit heat to be provided be also it is elevated, two Positive correlation between person so that heat is balanced for demand relation under different operating modes, also just solves steam compression type Contradiction present in heat pump between heat supply and demand.
Additionally, the system also possesses refrigerating capacity in hot environment.Under cooling condition, in-car air (all-fresh air refrigeration work Condition working medium is the outer air of car) it is preheated, it is compressed into the air of High Temperature High Pressure.The air of High Temperature High Pressure is in the outer air cooler of car With the outer air heat-exchange of car, temperature reduction.Jing regenerators again, with in-car air heat-exchange, temperature is further reduced, and increases refrigerating capacity, System effectiveness is improved, power consumption is reduced.Pressure-air pressure drop under decompressor effect, temperature reduces producing refrigeration effect. The cold air of generation mixes with fresh air (without supplementary fresh air under all-fresh air cooling condition) and in-car return air, and the air after eliminating water is direct Send in compartment, reduce temperature in compartment.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of present system.
In figure, 1 is the outer air intake of car, and 3,9,13,19 is three-way diverter valve, and 5 is regenerator, and 7 is air compressor, 11 For in-car air cooler, 16 is air expander, and 17 is transmission coupling, and 21 is air vent, and 22 are mixed bellows, and 23 is direct current Blower fan, 24 is the water fender with condensation water pond, and 26 is fresh wind port, and 28 is compartment, and 29 is some supply air ducts and air outlet, and 31 are Exhaust outlet, 34 is the outer air cooler of car, and remaining is connecting tube, and wherein connecting tube 2,27,32 can match air filter, even Adapter 25,27,30 can match independent blower fan or air-valve.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment.
Embodiment
A kind of pure electric vehicle heat pump type air conditioning system that circulation is compressed based on air, as shown in figure 1, including the outer air intake of car 1, three-way diverter valve 3,9,13,19, regenerator 5, air compressor 7, in-car air cooler 11, air expander 16, transmission Shaft coupling 17, air vent 21, mixed bellows 22, DC fan 23, the water fender 24 with condensation water pond, fresh wind port 26, compartment 28, if Dry supply air duct and air outlet 29, exhaust outlet 31, the outer air cooler 34 of car, connecting tube 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,15,18, 20、25、27、30、32、33、35、36。
Wherein, air compressor 7 carries out machine driving and is connected by transmission coupling 17 with air expander 16, direct current wind Machine 23, the water fender 24 with condensation water pond and in-car air cooler 11 are set gradually in mixed bellows 22, mix bellows 22 and fresh air Mouthfuls 26 connect by connecting tube 27, mixed bellows 22 by some supply air ducts and the Jing connecting tubes open car 28 of air outlet 29, together When compartment 28 connected by connecting tube 30 with exhaust outlet 31, regenerator 5 has two interface channels, wherein on an interface channel, The entrance of regenerator 5 by connecting tube 2 is connected car air intake 1 outward respectively by connecting tube 4 with after three-way diverter valve 3, by company The open car 28 of adapter 32, the outlet of regenerator 5 connects the entrance of air compressor 7 by connecting tube 6, on another interface channel, The entrance of regenerator 5 is connected by connecting tube 14 with the in-car air cooler 11 of connecting tube 12 is passed through after three-way diverter valve 13 respectively, Connected by the outer air cooler 34 of connecting tube 35 and car, the outlet of regenerator 5 is by connecting tube 15 and the entrance of air expander 16 Connection, the outlet of air compressor 7 is by passing through connecting tube 10 with in-car air cooler 11 after connecting tube 8 and three-way diverter valve 9 Connection, is connected by the outer air cooler 34 of connecting tube 33 and car, and the outlet of air expander 16 is changed by connecting tube 18 and threeway To after valve 19 respectively by the connection air vent 21 of connecting tube 20, by the mixed bellows 22 of the connection of connecting tube 36.
Preferably, optional tubulature internal filter in connecting tube 2, carries out air filtration.Can in connecting tube 25 Blower fan or air-valve are chosen to install, return air amount is controlled.Optional fixed filter in connecting tube 27, cross air filtering, or pipe in can choose to install blower fan or Air-valve, controls resh air requirement.Blower fan or air-valve can be chosen to install in connecting tube 30, exhaust air rate is controlled.Optional fixed filter in connecting tube 32, Cross air filtering.Air compressor 7 is turbine type air compressor.Air expander 16 is turbine type air expander.
Under heating condition, the outer air of car is inhaled into from the outer air intake 1 of car, Jing connecting tubes 2 (optional tubulature internal filter, Carry out air filtration), three-way diverter valve 3, connecting tube 4, into regenerator 5, is preheated.Air Jing connecting tubes 6 after preheating, Compression is sucked by turbine type air compressor 7, turbine type air compressor 7 is by external power device drives.High temperature after compression Pressure-air, Jing connecting tubes 8, three-way diverter valve 9, connecting tube 10 air cooler 11 into the car.In air cooler 11, Air heat-exchange, cooling in High Temperature High Pressure air and mixed bellows 22, Jing connecting tubes 12, three-way diverter valve 13, connecting tube 14 is entered Regenerator 5.Cooled air is further exchanged heat, cooled down in regenerator 5 with the air into turbine type air compressor 7. Regenerator flow out pressure-air Jing connecting tubes 15, into turbine type air expander 16, during promote turbo-expander Acting, pressure drop.The work done Jing transmission coupling 17 of turbine type air expander 16 passes to turbine type air compressor 7 Realize the recovery of work(.The air Jing connecting tubes 18 of air expander 16 are flowed out, three-way diverter valve 19, connecting tube 20 arrives air vent 21, it is discharged to outside car, complete the circulation of air compressing hot pump.Air Jing connecting tubes 25 in compartment 28 (can choose to install blower fan or wind in pipe Valve, controls return air amount) mixed bellows 22 are sent into, as air-conditioning return air.The outer fresh air Jing fresh wind ports 26 of car, connecting tube 27 is (in pipe Optional fixed filter, crosses air filtering;Blower fan or air-valve can be chosen to install in pipe, resh air requirement is controlled), mixed bellows 22 are entered, as air-conditioning Fresh air.The fresh air and return air mixing in mixed bellows 22, Jing DC fans 23 condense the water fender 24 of water pond, with in-car through band After High Temperature High Pressure air in air cooler 11 is exchanged heat, it is heated.Heated air through some supply air ducts and Air outlet 29 enters compartment 28, for heating and defrosting.In-car air draft Jing connecting tubes 30 (blower fan or air-valve can be chosen to install in pipe, Control exhaust air rate), exhaust outlet 31 is discharged.Complete heating operations.
Under interior circulation cooling condition, three-way diverter valve 3,9,13,19, compared to heating condition, direction reversion.In compartment 28 Air Jing connecting tubes 32 (pipe in optional fixed filter, cross air filtering), three-way diverter valve 3, connecting tube 4, into regenerator 5, Preheating.Air Jing connecting tubes 6 after preheating, by turbine type air compressor 7 compression is sucked, and turbine type air compressor 7 is by outer Portion's power equipment drives.High Temperature High Pressure air after compression, Jing connecting tubes 8, three-way diverter valve 9, connecting tube 33 enters car outer space Gas Cooler 34.After the outer air heat-exchange of air and car, the cooling of High Temperature High Pressure, Jing connecting tubes 35, three-way diverter valve 13, connecting tube 14, into regenerator 5.Cooled air is further changed in regenerator 5 with the air into turbine type air compressor 7 Heat, cooling.Regenerator flow out pressure-air Jing connecting tubes 15, into turbine type air expander 16, during promote turbine Formula air expander 16 does work, temperature drop while pressure drop.Work done Jing of turbine type air expander 16 transmission connection Axle device 17 passes to the recovery that turbine type air compressor 7 realizes work(.Flow out the Cryogenic air then Jing connections of air expander 16 Pipe 18, three-way diverter valve 19, connecting tube 36 enters mixed bellows 22, completes air cycle refrigeration circulation.Air Jing in compartment 28 Connecting tube 25 (blower fan or air-valve can be chosen to install in pipe, control return air amount) sends into mixed bellows 22, used as air-conditioning return air.The outer fresh sky of car Gas Jing fresh wind ports 26, (optional fixed filter, crosses air filtering to connecting tube 27 in pipe;Blower fan or air-valve can be chosen to install in pipe, fresh air is controlled Amount), mixed bellows 22 are entered, as air conditioner fresh air.The Cryogenic air of fresh air, return air and turbine type air expander 16 outlet exists Mixing in mixed bellows 22.Mixing air removes condensed water after DC fan 23 by the water fender 24 with condensation water pond, passes through In-car air cooler 11, some supply air ducts of Jing and air outlet 29 enter compartment 28, for reducing temperature in compartment.In-car Air draft Jing connecting tubes 30 (can choose to install blower fan or air-valve, control exhaust air rate) in pipe, exhaust outlet 31 is discharged.Interior circulation process of refrigerastion is complete Into.
Outer circulation cooling condition is similar with interior circulation cooling condition process.Difference is:
1st, the direction of three-way diverter valve 3 changes, and the air no longer Jing connecting tubes 32 in compartment 28 enter three-way diverter valve 3, change Sucked by the outer air intake 1 of car for the outer air of car, Jing connecting tubes 2 (optional fixed filter, crosses air filtering in pipe) are changed into threeway To valve 3;
2nd, fresh wind port 26 is closed.
Remaining process interior circulation cooling condition is consistent.
The above-mentioned description to embodiment is that invention is understood that and used for ease of those skilled in the art. Person skilled in the art obviously easily can make various modifications to these embodiments, and described herein general Principle is applied in other embodiment without through performing creative labour.Therefore, the invention is not restricted to above-described embodiment, ability Field technique personnel announcement of the invention, the improvement made without departing from scope and modification all should be the present invention's Within protection domain.

Claims (8)

1. it is a kind of that the pure electric vehicle heat pump type air conditioning system for circulating, including air compressor, air expander, biography are compressed based on air Dynamic shaft coupling, in-car air cooler, mixed bellows and compartment, described air compressor is by transmission coupling and air expansion Machine carries out machine driving connection, and described in-car air cooler is arranged in mixed bellows, and described mixed bellows are connected with fresh wind port, Described mixed bellows are by some supply air ducts and air outlet Jing connecting tube open cars, while compartment is connected with exhaust outlet, its It is characterised by, also including regenerator and the outer air cooler of car, described regenerator there are two interface channels, wherein a connection On passage, regenerator entrance is connected respectively the outer air intake of car and compartment, regenerator outlet by three-way diverter valve and connecting tube Connection air compressor inlet, on another interface channel, regenerator entrance is cold with in-car air respectively by three-way diverter valve But the outer air cooler connection of device, car, regenerator outlet is connected with air expander entrance, and described air compressor outlet is logical Cross connecting tube to connect with in-car air cooler, the outer air cooler of car respectively with three-way diverter valve, described air expander Outlet is connected respectively air vent with mixed bellows by connecting tube with three-way diverter valve.
2. a kind of pure electric vehicle heat pump type air conditioning system that circulation is compressed based on air according to claim 1, its feature exists In being disposed with DC fan, the water fender with condensation water pond and in-car air cooler in described mixed bellows.
3. a kind of pure electric vehicle heat pump type air conditioning system that circulation is compressed based on air according to claim 1, its feature exists In the outer air intake of described car arranges filter in the connecting tube between three-way diverter valve.
4. a kind of pure electric vehicle heat pump type air conditioning system that circulation is compressed based on air according to claim 1, its feature exists In arranging air filter, blower fan or air-valve in the connecting tube between described mixed bellows and fresh wind port.
5. a kind of pure electric vehicle heat pump type air conditioning system that circulation is compressed based on air according to claim 1, its feature exists In being provided with blower fan or air-valve in the connecting tube between described mixed bellows and compartment.
6. a kind of pure electric vehicle heat pump type air conditioning system that circulation is compressed based on air according to claim 1, its feature exists In the connecting tube between described regenerator and compartment is provided with air filter.
7. a kind of pure electric vehicle heat pump type air conditioning system that circulation is compressed based on air according to claim 1, its feature exists In described air compressor is turbine type air compressor.
8. a kind of pure electric vehicle heat pump type air conditioning system that circulation is compressed based on air according to claim 1, its feature exists In described air expander is turbine type air expander.
CN201510152272.8A 2015-04-01 2015-04-01 Full-electric vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system based on air compression and circulation Expired - Fee Related CN104786777B (en)

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CN113007919B (en) * 2021-02-07 2023-01-31 浙江理工大学 Air compression heat pump device for experimental animal room
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