CN104770097B

CN104770097B - Original soil improvement greening method based on the strand severe salt-affected soil that material mixes

Info

Publication number: CN104770097B
Application number: CN201510154564.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘广明; 李金彪; 杨劲松
Original assignee: Institute of Soil Science of CAS
Current assignee: Institute of Soil Science of CAS
Priority date: 2015-04-02
Filing date: 2015-04-02
Publication date: 2017-01-04
Anticipated expiration: 2035-04-02
Also published as: CN104770097A

Abstract

Original soil improvement greening method based on the strand severe salt-affected soil that material mixes, levels land strand severe salinized soil, and paving executes rough sand, Gypsum Fibrosum and straw, uses machinery to plough deeply for 23 times and material mixes the soil into the 0 60cm degree of depth；Described coarse sand particles size 3.1 ~ 3.7mm, the amount of mixing is 50m³/ mu；Described Gypsum Fibrosum active ingredient is CaSO₄·2H₂O, the amount of mixing is 2t/ mu；Described straw be pulverize after the corn straw of length 2 ~ 4cm, the amount of mixing is 30m³/ mu；Material incorporation soil, after 3 months, applies 180 ~ 220 kg/hm²N element and 120 ~ 160 kg/hm²P element increases soil available nutrient, and ridging is planted green plants, uses 20m after planting³The straw of/mu carries out ground mulching, carries out drenching salt with drip irrigation measure, carries out normal drip irrigation irrigation management.Suitable application region of the present invention is wide, popularizing application prospect is wide.

Description

Original soil improvement greening method based on the strand severe salt-affected soil that material mixes

Technical field

The invention belongs to strand severe salinized soil utilization and beautify construction technique field with ecological afforestation, relate to a kind of based on thing The strand severe salinized soil original soil quick improvement greening method that material mixes.

Background technology

The most both at home and abroad in salinization of soil Study of Prevention Technology, it is concentrated mainly on engineering measure Prevention Technique, physical measure The aspects such as Prevention Technique, biological control measure Prevention Technique and chemical Study of Prevention Technology.Wherein, engineering prevention and control mainly has Drainage salt engineering, draw flood warping works, level land, Rational Irrigation, the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, rationally the repairing of closed drainage salt discharge engineering Build, state's application closed drainage engineering large area transformation salt-soda soil such as Dutch, Pakistani, in seashore beach transformation, anti- The aspects such as construction of protecting a forest all achieve certain effect.Physical control measure mainly include physics blending soil remediation technology, Table physics covering etc..Bio-control method can be effectively increased the soil organism, promotes soil microorganism growth and breeding, improves Soil nutrient status and chemical property, increase soil fertility, mainly have salt tolerant inhale salt plant and seeds planting technology, enrich green Fertilizer, fertilizer, microorganism fertilizer etc. are improved the soil technology, straw-returning and biological cover technique etc..Chemical control methods is the most saline and alkaline The development of transformation agent and application, including using solubility calcium salt, acids and becoming acids chemical substance etc..Various Prevention Technique Optimize the focus that integrated application is then salinization of soil study on prevention the most both at home and abroad.Tejada etc. (2006) are to application of cotton stem heap The salt-affected soil of the organic substances such as fertilizer and poultry dung is monitored analyzing, it is indicated that organic substance processes and can be effectively improved soil table Various enzymes in the coverage rate of spontaneous vegetation, the stability of Soil structure, the content of water soluble carbohydrates and soil Activity, reduces soil conductivity and commutativity Na⁺Content.Clark etc. (2007) report bean dregs, canola residue, The impact of the gas chromatography confrontation salt-affected soil character such as poultry dung and sawdust, it is believed that applying of above-mentioned organic substance, can have Effect affects soil mineral nitrogen content, pH value, electrical conductivity, exchangeable cation content, dissolved organic carbon content and soil The indexs such as breathing, and be all conducive to the transformation of salt-affected soil character.Zhang Yuzhen etc. (2009) report biological control measure, ooze bank of tubes Salt, soil moved in improve the original raise the effect of the engineering measure salt affected soil coastal to Hebei province such as ground, the soil removal and replacement of big cave transformation, found that: big Cave soil moved in improve the original, bottom sets sealing coat and oozes bank of tubes salt, instant effect, and the soil moved in improve the original persistent period is long, afforests and beautifies effective.Open and wait quietly (2009) research shows, thiobacillus thiooxidans and thiobacillus thioparus can significantly reduce soil pH value.Pang shines into etc. (2009) and thinks, executes After microbial bacterial agent, in salt affected soil, B. mucilaginocus and Bacillus subtilis number, soil organic matter content and available N, P, K contain Amount situation is obviously higher than without adding microbial inoculum control treatment, and soil pH value and salinity all have and decline in various degree.Wei Feng nest etc. (2008) Coastal Saline Soil in Shanghai reform conceiving is combined, it is believed that transformation salinized soil answers treatment in accordance with local conditions, comprehensive reformation, biogenic reworking Being the optimal path improved the soil of science, afforestation is the highest form of biogenic reworking, should advocate energetically at Coastal beach salinized soil District plants trees.

From the point of view of in entirety, recent domestic enters about the research of beach saline land salinization of soil preventing and treating with improvement greening technique Exhibition is concentrated mainly on beach saline land soil moved in improve the original afforestation technology pattern and original soil afforestation technology model study two broad aspect.Wherein, shore The soil moved in improve the original afforestation technology mode mainly coupling of salt-soda soil, sea is used artificial soil removal and replacement, is laid the engineering such as sealing coat and underground webmaster Keep away salt measure, select the single technology such as salt tolerant nursery stock kind, as Tianjin research applies " gravel sealing coat+soil moved in improve the original ", " dark Bank of tubes is salty+fresh water pressure alkali+soil moved in improve the original ", the beach saline land soil moved in improve the original afforestation technology mode such as " raised fields pouring alkali ".Beach saline land Soil moved in improve the original afforestation technology mode has the advantage that instant effect, Afforestation Landscape are effective, the most main is suitable for square, urban road And the afforestation application of the key area such as garden, but often quantities is big, cost is high, in the greening in heavy salinized area Cost is up to 250-300 unit/m², the highest even up to 500 yuan/m²,.The states such as Israel started drip irrigation from the seventies in last century Technology is irrigated for salt-soda soil, and China started to prevent at arid area popularization and application under-film drip irrigations such as Xinjiang from the end of the nineties in last century Controlling arid and salination problem, the Chinese Academy of Sciences have developed and effectively transforms " drip irrigation+ridge culture+overlay film " of heavy salinized soil, " drips in recent years Filling+high ridge+overlay film ", the technology mode such as " salt water drip irrigation+high ridge+overlay film ", and obtain in the salt tolerant of jujube tree, Fructus Lycii is applied Good effect.

In recent years, along with scientific development and the progress of industry, the improvement of Coastal beach Soils In The Region and greening technique mostly are many Kind of physics, chemistry, biology techniques integrated, such as Tianjin Hailin Gardening Environmental Protection Technology Engineering Co., Ltd. and Beijing Forestry University The independent intellectual property right " marine solonchak is rapidly and efficiently improved and vegetation construction technique " of common research and development, main points: 1. original soil is carried out Improvement, does not change planting soil；2. be cut the subdrainage desalting systems such as stone, french drain, pouring layer；The most experimental field surrounding takes measures for seepage cutoff； 4. from ground to drenching the layer laying dust devil hole penetrating system of group；5. topsoil mixes organic fertilizer, straw etc..Tianjin is water-saving saline and alkaline The improvement of beach physical chemistry ecology synthesis and the enforcement of vegetation construction technique, by water conservancy and farmland construction, reduce and get rid of Soil salt, introduce salt-tolerant plant and to improve hydraulic engineering, agricultural measures and biotechnology that its salt resistance ability combines integrated System engineering, wherein use organic fertilizer and the peat composed of rotten mosses to join and execute ferrous sulfate, improve soil fertility, add crumb structure, Have adjusted soil pH, make the soil property of Tianjin Binhai saline-alkali soil and vegetation growth state be improved at short notice.Zhao A name man of virtue and ability has summed up " subtracting steaming decorporation " in area, Harbor, Tianjin through exploratory experiment for many years and observational study, " the collection attached salt of rain is prevented Steam " saline-alkali soil forestation reclamation pattern, " subtracting steaming decorporation " pattern technology main points are for utilizing water-permeable pipe net laying to set drainage system (pipe diameter 200mm spacing 6m, buried depth 1m), plant pit surface sets cover layer, suitable Tree Species Selection, reasonably plants maintenance etc. after afforestation； " integrate rain resistance the anti-steaming of salt " pattern technology main points are built the back of the body as trench digging, are arranged collection rain bed and collecting and arrange every salt deposit table bottom rain face, plant pit Face arranges covering, suitable Tree Species Selection, reasonably plants and field management etc..Both of which all can effectively slow down salinity Accumulation, reduce salinity content, improve salt rejection rate, nutrient content is improved, plant percent improve.

Due to coastal tidal area there is shortage of fresh water, feature, the soil such as the repeatability of salinization of soil, soil nutrient wane Earth desalination difficulty, trees are almost difficult to grow, and there is the problem such as the long-lasting difference of saline and alkaline preventing and treating, greening difficulty.

Summary of the invention

Solve the technical problem that: the present invention is directed to current strand severe Amelioration of saline soil difficulty, landscape engineering cost A series of realistic problems such as height, the easy accumulation of salt in the surface soil of soil, soil fertility condition difference, it is provided that a kind of strand severe salinized soil mixed based on material The original soil improvement greening method of earth.

Technical scheme: original soil improvement greening method based on the strand severe salt-affected soil that material mixes, by strand severe Salinized soil is leveled land, and paving executes rough sand, Gypsum Fibrosum and straw, uses machinery to plough deeply for 2-3 time and mixes material into the 0-60cm degree of depth Soil；Described coarse sand particles size 3.1 ~ 3.7mm, the amount of mixing is 50m³/ mu；Described Gypsum Fibrosum active ingredient is CaSO₄·2H₂O, The amount of mixing is 2t/ mu；Described straw be pulverize after the corn straw of length 2 ~ 4cm, the amount of mixing is 30m³/ mu；Material mixes soil After earth 3 months, apply 180 ~ 220 kg/hm²N element and 120 ~ 160 kg/hm²P element increases soil available nutrient, and ridging is planted Plant green plants, after planting, use 20m³The straw of/mu carries out ground mulching, carries out drenching salt with drip irrigation measure, carries out normal drip irrigation Irrigation management.

The plant specific requirement of green plants of described ridging is: row spacing 2m, face, ridge is smooth, 20cm width of ditching between ridge, 20cm Deeply；Described pouring salt drip irrigation is carried out after green plants is planted and Soil Straw covers immediately, and point 2 day time completes, every day drip irrigation Water yield 25m³/ mu；Described normal drip irrigation is carried out according to soil moisture content situation, when 0-30cm soil moisture content is less than field water holding Amount 50% time start drip irrigation, make soil moisture content reach 80% field capacity after drip irrigation.

Described strand severe salt-affected soil refers to soil salt content >=15g/kg in the 1m soil body, and saturated hydraulic conductivity is 0.

The sowing amount of described increase soil available nutrient is N element 200 kg/hm², P element is 150 kg/hm² 。

The 0-20 cm topsoil soils unit weight of described strand severe salt-affected soil is 1.65 g/cm³, soil salt content is 30 ~ 40g/kg；PH is 8.75.

Beneficial effect: by rough sand, Gypsum Fibrosum, the mixing of straw, reduces the soil weight, improves soil porosity situation, carries High noncapilarry porosity ratio, improves soil permeability rate.Soil quick desalination can not only be made by intermittent drip irrigation, and soil can be kept Earth for a long time in the not accumulation of salt in the surface soil, be conducive to maintaining table soil " desalination layer ", it is ensured that greening seedling survival rate.Increased by the input of nitrogenous fertilizer Soil available nitrogen, promotes the growth of green plants, by the situation putting into the supplementary serious phosphorus deficiency of soil of diammonium phosphate. By the input of Gypsum Fibrosum, the pH value that suppression soil causes in desalination processes rises.Suitable application region of the present invention is wide, before popularization and application Scape is wide.China coastline is up to 4000 kilometers, and beach salty soil resource is the abundantest.The strand severe salt mixed based on material Stain soil original soil quick improvement technical system has that engineering measure is simple, material is easy to get, low cost, the feature such as easy and simple to handle, is me The important channel of state's strand severe salting regional soil improvement, is also the important step of coastal region ecological construction simultaneously.This skill Art system is applicable not only to severe salting region, strand, is simultaneously applicable to other cement severe salinized soil regions, inland.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the quick original soil improvement greening method schematic flow sheet of the strand severe salt-affected soil mixed based on material；

Fig. 2 is that material mixes before and after's 0-20cm soil layer soil weight；

Fig. 3 is that material mixes before and after's 0-20cm soil layer maximum water holding capacity；

Fig. 4 is that material mixes before and after's 0-20cm soil layer soil porosity；

Fig. 5 is that material mixes before and after's 0-20cm soil layer saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil；

Fig. 6 is that material mixes different times soil salt in before and after's 0-60cm soil body；

Fig. 7 is that material mixes different times soil pH in before and after's 0-60cm soil body；

Fig. 8 is that material mixes different soil soil organic matter content in before and after's 0-60cm soil body.

Detailed description of the invention

Test plot is positioned at Cao Feidian new district, Tangshan, Hebei Province, and this district is located in Circum-Bohai Sea economy-zone.Study area is former mostly to be Mud beach and the shrimp pond, fish pond of mud backfill, earth's surface major part is that sea water covers, and belongs to coastal tidal landforms, sea reclamation After, shallow groundwater salt water, depth to water is shallow, and soil decapacitation grows the extremely strong halophytes (such as Herba suadeae glaucae) of salt tolerance outward, often The rule green plants such as crops and lawn, flowers, shrub, arbor all can not grow.

Embodiment 1:

Cao Feidian strand, Tangshan, Hebei Province severe salinized soil, 0-20 cm topsoil soils unit weight is 1.65 g/cm³Soil Salinity is 30 ~ 40g/kg；PH is 8.75；If 3 repetitions, each repetition 100 m²(experimental plot specification 10 m × 10 m). The green plants planted is false indigo.Comparison is not for carry out mixing the original soil of process.Place: Cao Fei pasture, Tangshan, Hebei Province is ecological City；Geographical position, experimental plot is east longitude 118 ° 30 ', north latitude 39 ° 10 ', away from 7.2 kilometers of coastline.

The original soil improvement greening method of the strand severe salt-affected soil mixed based on material, its core be to utilize rough sand, Straw directly improves the constructional aspect that the soil texture glues partially, increases soil porosity, especially noncapillary poropsity situation, increases Saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil, can increase soil organic matter content simultaneously after Straw decomposing；Utilize the Ca in Gypsum Fibrosum²⁺In displacement soil Na⁺, improve alkalization of soils situation；By the improvement of soil physics structure, beneficially drip irrigation washed off soil salinity, reduces in the soil body Salinity can be within the scope of the salinity that bears of normal growth to general salt-tolerant plant.Concrete link is as follows:

(1) salinized soil is leveled land, mix material

Strand severe salinized soil is leveled land, spreads a certain amount of rough sand, Gypsum Fibrosum, straw, use machinery plough deeply for 2-3 time by Material mixes the soil into the 0-60cm degree of depth.Described coarse sand particles size 3.1 ~ 3.7mm, the amount of mixing is 50m³/ mu, described Gypsum Fibrosum Active ingredient is CaSO₄·2H₂O, the amount of mixing is 2t/ mu；Described straw be pulverize after the corn straw of length 2 ~ 4cm, the amount of mixing For 30m³/ mu.

(2) ridging is planted green plants

Apply 200 kg/hm²N element and 150 kg/hm²P element increases soil available nutrient；Playing row spacing 2m, face, ridge is put down Whole, 20cm width of ditching between ridge, 20cm is deep；Plant and use 20m after green plants³The corn straw of/mu carries out ground mulching.

(3) drip irrigation carries out drenching salt and normal irrigation

Planting and after Soil Straw covering completing green plants, i.e. carry out drenching salt with drip irrigation measure, point 2 day time is complete Become, every day drip irrigation water yield 25m³/ mu；Then normal drip irrigation irrigation is carried out, when 0-30cm soil contains according to soil moisture content situation The water yield starts drip irrigation when being less than the 50% of field capacity, makes soil moisture content reach 80% field capacity after drip irrigation.

(3) result and evaluation

By embodiment it can be seen that after material mixes, in the 0-60 cm soil body, soil salt is remarkably decreased, by under 15 g/kg It is down to 3 ~ 4 g/kg(Fig. 6), desalting effect is obvious, and soil pH slightly raises.Simultaneously the physicochemical property of soil be improved significantly, Topsoil soils unit weight drops to be well suited to 1.2 ~ 1.4 g/cm of plant growing after material mixes³, topsoil soils total porosity Dramatically increasing, water-holding capacity significantly increases, and the ventilating permeable of soil strengthens, beneficially the drip washing of salinity can preferably adsorb guarantor Hold soil nutrient；Soil organic matter content dramatically increases (Fig. 8), is conducive to increasing soil microorganism and the activity of soil animal, Soil tilth strengthens.

Compared with single gypsum improvement salinized soil, the use quick improvement of the rough sand soil weight, increase within a short period of time Add non-capillary pores quantity, but the rapid drip washing of salinity；Straw be suitable for the content adding the soil organism, on the one hand Supply of long duration nutrient for needed for plant growing, on the other hand avoids because Gypsum Fibrosum is manured into soil the excessive rising of pH.

Compared with existing engineering improvement of salt and alkaline land mode, the mode that material mixes is easy, quick, saves manpower, necessarily Improvement cost is reduced in degree；Soil continues desalination, and the landscape effect that green plants growth is formed is good.

Claims

1. the original soil improvement greening method of the strand severe salt-affected soil mixed based on material, it is characterised in that: by strand severe Salinized soil is leveled land, and paving executes rough sand, Gypsum Fibrosum and straw, uses machinery to plough deeply for 2-3 time and mixes material into the 0-60cm degree of depth Soil；Described rough sand granular size 3.1 ~ 3.7mm, the amount of mixing is 50m³/ mu；Described Gypsum Fibrosum active ingredient is CaSO₄·2H₂O, The amount of mixing is 2t/ mu；Described straw be pulverize after the corn straw of length 2 ~ 4cm, the amount of mixing is 30m³/ mu；Material mixes soil After earth 3 months, apply 180 ~ 220 kg/hm²N element and 120 ~ 160 kg/hm²P element increases soil available nutrient, and ridging is planted Planting green plants, the plant specific requirement of green plants of described ridging is: row spacing 2m, and face, ridge is smooth, 20cm width of ditching between ridge, 20cm is deep；20m is used after planting³The straw of/mu carries out ground mulching, carries out drenching salt with drip irrigation measure, carries out normal drip irrigation irrigation Management, described pouring salt drip irrigation is carried out after green plants is planted immediately, and point 2 day time completes, every day drip irrigation water yield 25m³/ mu； Described normal drip irrigation is carried out according to soil moisture content situation, opens when 0-30cm soil moisture content is less than the 50% of field capacity Beginning drip irrigation, makes soil moisture content reach 80% field capacity after drip irrigation.

The original soil improvement greening method of the strand severe salt-affected soil mixed based on material the most according to claim 1, it is special Levying and be that described strand severe salt-affected soil refers to soil salt content >=15g/kg in the 1m soil body, saturated hydraulic conductivity is 0.

The original soil improvement greening method of the strand severe salt-affected soil mixed based on material the most according to claim 1, it is special Levy and be that the sowing amount of described increase soil available nutrient is N element 200 kg/hm², P element is 150 kg/hm²。

The original soil improvement greening method of the strand severe salt-affected soil mixed based on material the most according to claim 1, it is special Levy and be that the 0-20 cm topsoil soils unit weight of described strand severe salt-affected soil is 1.65 g/cm³, soil salt content is 30 ~ 40g/kg；PH is 8.75.