CN104656142B - One kind is using vertical seismic profiling (VSP) and the united seismic layer labeling method of well logging - Google Patents
One kind is using vertical seismic profiling (VSP) and the united seismic layer labeling method of well logging Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention is using vertical seismic profiling (VSP) and the united seismic layer labeling method of well logging, deep relation and corridor stack section when measuring and obtaining compressional wave according to zero well constraint inversion data, log well and obtain acoustic logging and density log data, deep relation asks for the time difference when deep relation is with VSP when calculating sound wave, correction sound wave curve, log after correction obtains composite traces with seismic wavelet convolution, horizon calibration figure is made after determining the time shift amount and correct polarity in VSP corridors, horizon calibration is carried out to ground seismic profile according to the layering of known drilling geology.This invention removes acoustic logging error and frequency dispersion effect, synthetic record precision is improve, reduce the human factor in demarcating, improve calibration accuracy.
Description
Technical field
Field is explained the invention belongs to seismic exploration data, more particularly to it is a kind of using vertical seismic profiling (VSP) VSP
（Vertical Seismic Profiling,）With the united shake horizon calibration method of well logging.
Background technology
Seismic prospecting is that a kind of artificial method triggers crustal shock, describes the exploitation method of subsurface geology situation.It is conventional
Seismic prospecting lays shot point in adjacent ground surface, excites generation seismic wave to propagate downwards, is reflected upwards after running into reflecting layer, ground
Upper placement wave detector receives the back wave from subsurface interface.The exploitation method of this earthquake obtains the geology letter of reflecting interface
Breath, is finally shown in the form of lineups on seismic profile, and it only has the concept of time-domain, lacks the concept of Depth Domain.
Horizon calibration is the process that lineups on seismic profile and subsurface geology interface are set up corresponding relation, by lineups
The geological information of record is finally given on corresponding interface.Set up accurate earthquake-geology corresponding relation and be to ensure that construction solution
Whether reliable key is released, is the basis of fine reservoir interpretation, generally carrying out horizon calibration needs well-log information.At present, commonly use
Horizon calibration method mainly have two kinds, it is a kind of to be relevant comparative with sound wave synthetic seismogram and seismic trace near well and carry out
Horizon calibration method；Another kind is directly to carry out horizon calibration using VSP records.The logging method for participating in horizon calibration mainly has
Acoustic logging and density log.The time difference Δ t that acoustic logging measurement sound wave passes through earth-layer propagation（Namely the inverse of velocity of sound V）.It is close
Degree well logging is a kind of gammaphoton counting rate measure density of earth formations launched gamma ray by instrument, received by record
Method.Here the formation interval velocity that acoustic logging is recorded is designated as V, the density of earth formations that density log is recorded is ρ, then stratum
Impedance can be expressed as I=ρ V.
The reflectance factor on stratum is expressed as：
Due to being had differences between the speed of earthquake and the speed of well logging, it is many that the signal of earthquake contains noise, many subwaves etc.
Factor influences, and composite traces and the unmatched phenomenon of seismic channel usually occurs, and now relying on manually carries out certain correction so that
Seismic channel matches with composite traces.It can be seen that the human intervention of this method is stronger, precision is carried out during fine reservoir calibration not
It is enough.
VSP（Vertical seismic profiling (VSP)）It is to excite seismic signal on a kind of some points of near wellbore earth's surface, in the wellbore
Different depth places wave detector and receives seismic signal, explains to solve unique skill of geological problem by the treatment of seismic signal
Art.This unique observed pattern of areal receiver-array signal, reduce low velocity layer to the interference of seismic wave compared to surface seismic and
Absorb, lacked the decay of the energy, frequency of half way, the frequency and signal to noise ratio of data are higher, help accurately to portray reservoir.Simultaneously
VSP unique observed pattern causes there is time-domain and Depth Domain double-point information while signal is received, can be by earthquake
Time combines with the depth of geology.But VSP horizon calibrations there is also problems with：（1）VSP speed is the average speed on stratum
Degree, the stack velocity of seismic data is velocity equivalent, and both corresponding time waveforms are inconsistent；（2）VSP well logging detectors are placed in
In well, there is no half-wave loss, and surface seismic wave detector is embedded in ground, is on the half space interface of elastic fluid, exists
Half-wave loss, causes both polarity inconsistent（VSP corridor stack sections are negative polarity sections）；（3）Short-path multiple sees VSP
The downstream pulses energy enhancing of survey, can postpone the arrival time of pulse main energetic.
VSP bridge-types are demarcated and can connected the depth of seismic time and geology, but the method master that bridge-type is demarcated at present
If making by hand, there is certain precision in this demarcation made by hand, and time-consuming, while the observation station of VSP is away from larger, one
As be 5m or 10m, during acquisition it is deep to spacing i.e. 5m or 10m, such precision can not meet fine reservoir mark
It is fixed.
The content of the invention
Present invention aim at provide it is a kind of reduce manual operation, obtain more accurately when deep relation, reach to reservoir
Carry out the utilization vertical seismic profiling (VSP) and the united seismic layer labeling method of well logging of Fine calibration.
Specific steps of the present invention include：
1）Measure and compressional wave time-depth relationship is obtained according to zero well constraint inversion data（Hi,Tvsp,i）；
Zero described well constraint inversion data is the zero-offset VSP data obtained with vertical seismic exploration.
Described compressional wave time-depth relationship（Hi,Tvsp,i）It is by defining observation system, according at the beginning of vertical component obtains compressional wave
Extremely, compressional wave time-depth relationship is obtained.HiIt is VSP Observational depths, Tvsp,iWhen being VSP round trips.
2）Corridor stack section is obtained according to zero well constraint inversion data；
Described acquisition corridor stack section is cut by true amplitude recovery, zero phase deconvolution, wave field separation and corridor
Except being obtained with overlap-add procedure.
3）Log well and obtain acoustic logging and density log data；If there is no density log curve, passed through using Gardner
Test formula and obtain density data；
Described well-log information includes sound wave or density or gamma logging data.
Described Gardner empirical equations are：ρ=0.31·ν0.25。
4）Calculate deep relation during sound wave（Hi,TAC,i）, deep relation is asked for the time difference during with VSP, then corrects sound wave curve（Figure
1）；
Deep relation during described calculating sound wave（Hi,TAC,i）Formula be：
In formula：ACiIt is i-th acoustic logging value of depth point, unit：Rice/microsecond；
TAC,iWhen being the sound wave round trip from first depth point to i-th point, unit：Second；
I is sound wave curve sample point number.
HiIt is the depth of i-th sampling point of sound wave curve, unit m；
H1It is the 1st depth of sampling point of sound wave curve, unit m.
Described correction sound wave curve is：Sound wave curve correcting value is asked for, depth during first with existing interpolation formula VSP
Relation is interpolated to the sonic depth sampling interval, the time difference of deep relation when then calculating VSP with sound wave, and during using mean filter pair
Difference is smoothed；
Sound wave curve correcting value formula：
Sound wave curve after correction is：
AC′i=ACi+0.5×106×dTi
In formula：I is sound wave curve sample point number；
M is mean filter road number；
TAC,jBe from first depth point to jth point at sound wave round trip when, unit：Second；
TVSP,jBe from first depth point to jth point at VSP round trips when, unit：Second；
dTiIt is i-th depth point sound wave curve correcting value, unit：Second；
ACiIt is i-th original acoustic wave log value of depth point, unit：Microsecond/rice；
AC’iIt is acoustic logging value, unit after i-th correction of depth point：Microsecond/rice.
5）Log after correction obtains composite traces with seismic wavelet convolution（Fig. 2）；
Described composite traces is that the record that stratum reflectance factor is obtained with seismic wavelet convolution, acoustic logging are asked in well logging
Record and be by the formation interval velocity after VSP corrections：
Wherein：AC’iIt is by i-th acoustic logging value of depth point, unit after VSP corrections：Microsecond/rice.υiIt is i-th
Depth point SVEL, unit：Meter per second.
The density of earth formations of density log record is ρi, unit：Gram per centimeter3；
The wave impedance on stratum is：
Ii=ρi×υi
The reflection R on stratumiFor：
Synthetic seismogram S (t) is：
S(t)=R(t)*W(t)
Discrete form：
Wherein：R (t) and Rj+iIt is reflectance factor, W (t) and Wn-jIt is seismic wavelet, seismic wavelet can use zero phase
Ricker wavelets are obtained from VSP records, and n is seismic wavelet length.S (t) is composite traces.
6）Determine the time shift amount and correct polarity in VSP corridors；
The time shift amount and correct polarity in described determination VSP corridors be：
（1）Well is calculated according to well coordinate and seismic profile trace header coordinate and is crossing the cdp positions of well seismic profile, VSP is walked
Composite traces is inlaid into the position behind corridor and correction；
（2）Calibration maps are shown with absolute amplitude form, by the energy and surface seismic of composite traces behind VSP corridors and correction
Energy relationship correspondence, determines the time shift amount in VSP corridors, i.e. calibration position；
（3）Calibration maps are shown with waveform, VSP corridors and composite traces polarity is converted, with surface seismic ripple group corresponding relation
Good polarity is correct polarity.
7）Horizon calibration figure is made, deep relation is Depth Domain well-log information, Depth Domain composite traces, Depth Domain during by VSP
Composite traces that corridor stack section is obtained with time-domain corridor stack section, step 5, time-domain seismic profile are coupled together,
Horizon calibration is carried out to ground seismic profile according to the layering of known drilling geology（Fig. 4）.
The present invention makes full use of the advantage of VSP and well logging, both is combined, using VSP seismic bands
Speed data correct high frequency SVEL, eliminate acoustic logging error and frequency dispersion effect, improve synthetic record
Precision, calibration position and earthquake polarity are determined using absolute amplitude display, reduce the human factor in demarcating, and improve demarcation
The degree of accuracy, VSP and the united seismic layer labeling method of well logging are realized to geology fine stratum calibration, improve reservoir calibration
Precision, be that the geologic interpretation of later stage seismic data has established solid foundation.
Brief description of the drawings
Deep relation correction sound wave curve figure when Fig. 1 utilizes VSP；Wherein a：Deep relation comparison diagram when VSP is with sound wave；b：VSP
The time difference of deep relation during with sound wave；c：Sound wave curve before and after correction.
Sound wave composite traces demarcates comparison diagram with VSP corridors and surface seismic section before and after Fig. 2 corrections；（a）Before correction（b）
After correction.
Fig. 3 VSP and the united earthquake polarity check figure of well logging；
Fig. 4 VSP and the united seismic layer labeling figure of well logging.
Specific embodiment
Specific implementation step of the present invention is as follows：
1）VSP is measured and is obtained compressional wave time-depth relationship according to zero well constraint inversion data（Hi,Tvsp,i）；
2）Cut off by true amplitude recovery, zero phase deconvolution, wave field separation and corridor according to zero well constraint inversion data and folded
Plus treatment obtains corridor stack section；
3）Log well and obtain acoustic logging and density log data；If there is no density log curve, passed through using Gardner
Test formula and obtain density data, Gardner empirical equations are：ρ=0.31·ν0.25。
4）Calculate deep relation during sound wave（Hi,TAC,i）, deep relation is asked for the time difference during with VSP, then corrects sound wave curve（Figure
1）；Calculate deep relation during sound wave（Hi,TAC,i）Formula be：
In above formula：ACiIt is i-th acoustic logging value of depth point, unit：Rice/microsecond；
TAC,iWhen being the sound wave round trip from first depth point to i-th point, unit：Second；
I is sound wave curve sample point number.
HiIt is the depth of i-th sampling point of sound wave curve, unit m；
H1It is the 1st depth of sampling point of sound wave curve, unit m.
Correction sound wave curve method：Sound wave curve correcting value is asked for, deep relation during first with existing interpolation formula VSP
The sonic depth sampling interval is interpolated to, the time difference of deep relation when then calculating VSP with sound wave, and the time difference is entered using mean filter
Row smoothing processing；Sound wave curve correcting value formula：
Sound wave curve after correction is：
AC′i=ACi+0.5×106×dTi
In above formula：I is sound wave curve sample point number；
M is mean filter road number；
TAC,jBe from first depth point to jth point at sound wave round trip when, unit：Second；
TVSP,jBe from first depth point to jth point at VSP round trips when, unit：Second；
dTiIt is i-th depth point sound wave curve correcting value, unit：Second；
ACiIt is i-th original acoustic wave log value of depth point, unit：Microsecond/rice；
AC’iIt is acoustic logging value, unit after i-th correction of depth point：Microsecond/rice.
Deep relation correction sound wave curve figure when Fig. 1 is using VSP, deep relation pair when deep relation is with sound wave when Fig. 1 a are VSP
It is both time difference maps than, Fig. 1 b, Fig. 1 c are to correct sound wave anterioposterior curve figure using VSP, deep relation during sound wave curve after correction
Deep relationship consistency during with VSP.
5）Log after correction obtains composite traces with seismic wavelet convolution（Fig. 2）；
Composite traces is that the record that stratum reflectance factor is obtained with seismic wavelet convolution, acoustic logging record warp are asked in well logging
Cross VSP correction after formation interval velocity be：
Wherein：AC’iIt is by i-th acoustic logging value of depth point, unit after VSP corrections：Microsecond/rice.υiIt is i-th
Depth point SVEL, unit：Meter per second.
The density of earth formations of density log record is ρi, unit：Gram per centimeter3；
The wave impedance on stratum is：
Ii=ρi×υi
The reflection R on stratumiFor：
Synthetic seismogram S (t) is：
S(t)=R(t)*W(t)
Discrete form：
Wherein：R (t) and Rj+iIt is reflectance factor, W (t) and Wn-jIt is seismic wavelet, seismic wavelet can use zero phase
Ricker wavelets are obtained from VSP records, and n is seismic wavelet length.S (t) is composite traces.
Fig. 2 is sound wave composite traces and VSP corridors and surface seismic section demarcation comparison diagram before and after correction, and Fig. 2 a are corrections
Preceding composite seismogram calibration result, is closed in superficial part composite traces and earthquake, and in deep, composite traces is not closed with earthquake, and Fig. 2 b are
Composite seismogram calibration result after correction, shallow medium and deep composite traces is all closed with earthquake.
6）Determine the time shift amount and correct polarity in VSP corridors, specific point of following three steps：
（1）Well is calculated according to well coordinate and seismic profile trace header coordinate and is crossing the cdp positions of well seismic profile, VSP is walked
Composite traces is inlaid into the position behind corridor and correction；
（2）Calibration maps are shown with absolute amplitude form, by the energy and surface seismic of composite traces behind VSP corridors and correction
Energy relationship correspondence, determines the time shift amount in VSP corridors, i.e. calibration position；
（3）Calibration maps are shown with waveform, VSP corridors and composite traces polarity is converted, with surface seismic ripple group corresponding relation
Good polarity is correct polarity.
Fig. 3 is VSP and the united earthquake polarity check figure of composite traces, and Fig. 3 a are when being shown to determine to demarcate with absolute amplitude
Shifting amount, VSP and composite traces are demarcation time shift amount, Fig. 3 b with the coefficient correlation of the surface seismic absolute amplitude maximum corresponding time
It is the polarity calibration maps for increasing correspondence trough with impedance, Fig. 3 c are the polarity calibration maps for increasing correspondence crest with impedance, and contrast can
See, Fig. 3 c demarcate more preferable, so that it is determined that earthquake polarity is impedance increases correspondence crest.
7）Horizon calibration figure is made, according to time shift amount and polarity that step 6 determines to demarcate, deep relation is depth during by VSP
Domain well-log information（SVEL, density, gamma）, Depth Domain composite traces, Depth Domain corridor stack section and time-domain corridor
Composite traces that stacked section, step 5 are obtained, time-domain seismic profile are coupled together, according to the layering of known drilling geology over the ground
Face seismic profile carries out horizon calibration and reservoir calibration.
Fig. 4 is VSP and the united seismic layer labeling figure of well logging, from left to right the sound wave interval velocity in display depth domain successively
With VSP interval velocities, geologic horizon title, the density curve of Depth Domain, the gamma curve of Depth Domain, the composite traces of Depth Domain and
Time that VSP corridor stacks section, geologic horizon depth, geologic horizon are demarcated on surface seismic section, the VSP of time-domain are walked
Corridor stacked section, the VSP corridors of time-domain and composite traces are mounted to surface seismic section, and Fig. 4 realizes VSP and well-log information
Horizon calibration is carried out to surface seismic in combination.
Claims (9)
1. it is a kind of to utilize vertical seismic profiling (VSP) with the united seismic layer labeling method of well logging, it is characterised in that to implement step
It is as follows：
1) measure and compressional wave time-depth relationship is obtained according to zero well constraint inversion data；
2) corridor stack section is obtained according to zero well constraint inversion data；
3) log well and obtain acoustic logging and density log data；It is public using Gardner experiences if there is no density log curve
Formula obtains density data；
4) sound wave time-depth relationship is calculated, is asked for the time difference with compressional wave time-depth relationship, then correct sound wave curve；
5) sound wave curve after correcting obtains composite traces with seismic wavelet convolution；
6) the time shift amount and correct polarity in VSP corridors are determined；
7) horizon calibration figure is made, by VSP time-depth relationships Depth Domain well-log information, Depth Domain composite traces, Depth Domain corridor
Stacked section and time-domain corridor stack section, step 5) composite traces that obtains, time-domain seismic profile couple together, according to
Oneself knows that drilling geology layering carries out horizon calibration to ground seismic profile；
Wherein step 6) described in determination VSP corridors time shift amount and correct polarity be：
(1) well is calculated crossing the cdp positions of well seismic profile according to well coordinate and seismic profile trace header coordinate, VSP corridors with
Composite traces is inlaid into the position after correction；
(2) calibration maps are shown with absolute amplitude form, by the energy and surface seismic energy of composite traces behind VSP corridors and correction
Relation pair is answered, and determines the time shift amount in VSP corridors, determines calibration position；
(3) calibration maps are shown with waveform, converts VSP corridors and composite traces polarity, it is good with surface seismic ripple group corresponding relation
Polarity is correct polarity.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1) described in zero well constraint inversion data be to be explored with vertical seismic
The zero-offset VSP data of acquirement.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1) described in compressional wave time-depth relationship be by defining observation system
System, obtains compressional wave first arrival and obtains according to vertical component.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 2) described in acquisition corridor stack section be by real amplitude
The excision of recovery, zero phase deconvolution, wave field separation and corridor and overlap-add procedure are obtained.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 3) described in Gardner empirical equations be：ρ=0.31 ×
v0.25, ρ is density of earth formations, and v is depth point SVEL.
6. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 4) described in the formula of calculating sound wave time-depth relationship be：
In formula：ACkIt is k-th acoustic logging value of depth point；
TAC, iWhen being the sound wave round trip from first depth point to i-th point；
I, k are sound wave curve sample point numbers；
HiIt is the depth of i-th sampling point of sound wave curve；
H1It is the 1st depth of sampling point of sound wave curve.
7. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 4) described in correction sound wave curve be：Ask for sound wave curve school
Compressional wave time-depth relationship, sound wave curve depth sampling interval is interpolated to first with existing interpolation formula by positive quantity, is then calculated
The time difference of VSP and sound wave time-depth relationship, and the time difference is smoothed using mean filter；
Sound wave curve correcting value formula：
Sound wave curve after correction is：
AC’i=ACi+0.5×106dTi
In formula：I is sound wave curve sample point number；
M is mean filter road number；
TAC, jBe from first depth point to jth point at sound wave round trip when；
TVSP,jBe from first depth point to jth point at VSP round trips when；
dTiIt is i-th depth point sound wave curve correcting value；
ACiIt is i-th acoustic logging value of depth point；
AC’iIt is acoustic logging value after i-th correction of depth point.
8. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 5) described in composite traces be that stratum reflection system is asked in well logging
The record that number is obtained with seismic wavelet convolution, acoustic logging records and is by the formation interval velocity after VSP corrections：
Wherein：AC’iIt is by i-th acoustic logging value of depth point after VSP corrections；υiIt is i-th depth point SVEL, it is single
Position：Meter per second；
The density of earth formations of density log record is ρi：
The wave impedance on stratum is：
Ii=ρi×υi
The reflection R on stratumiFor：
Composite traces S (t) is：
S (t)=R (t) * W (t)
Discrete form：
Wherein：R (t) and Rj+iIt is reflectance factor, w (t) and Wn-jIt is seismic wavelet, seismic wavelet can use zero phase Ricker
Wavelet is obtained from VSP records, and n is seismic wavelet length, and S (t) is composite traces.
9. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 7) described in well-log information include sound wave or density or gamma
Well-log information.
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| CN116413790B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2024-06-11 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | VSP-based depth domain seismic section horizon calibration method and device |
| CN114355451B (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2024-08-20 | 西南石油大学 | Well earthquake calibration method based on multi-channel earthquake superposition |
| CN114488305B (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-09-30 | 重庆科技学院 | Fine calibration method for seismic data geological horizon in new exploratory area without well |
| CN114545523B (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2023-03-24 | 成都理工大学 | Depth domain well logging and seismic data direct calibration method |
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