CN104646776A - Welding preparation process for nested hollow electrode for micro-electrolytic machining - Google Patents
Welding preparation process for nested hollow electrode for micro-electrolytic machining Download PDFInfo
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- CN104646776A CN104646776A CN201410848089.7A CN201410848089A CN104646776A CN 104646776 A CN104646776 A CN 104646776A CN 201410848089 A CN201410848089 A CN 201410848089A CN 104646776 A CN104646776 A CN 104646776A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
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Abstract
The invention relates to a welding preparation process for a nested hollow electrode for micro-electrolytic machining. The welding preparation process is used for solving the problem that electrolyte renewal and product discharge are difficult at the intervals of micro-electrolytic machining. The process comprises the following procedures, namely a micro hollow tube wire penetrating procedure, a medium-sized tube bonding procedure, a metal tube nesting size and position adjusting procedure and a nested hollow electrode welding procedure, and specifically comprises the steps: firstly, penetrating a cylindrical thin wire into a prepared micro hollow tube; secondly, inserting the micro hollow tube penetrated by the wire into an internal hole of a medium-sized tube, and bonding one end of the medium-sized tube to the external wall of the micro hollow tube penetrated by the wire , so as to form a combined electrode; then, extending the combined electrode into a large-sized tube, and controlling the length, extending into the large-sized tube, of the medium-sized tube of the combined electrode; finally, welding one end of the medium-sized tube to the large-sized tube, and then, welding the other end of the medium-sized tube to the micro hollow tube. The preparation process has the advantages that the coaxiality of the large-sized tube and the micro hollow tube can be guaranteed, and the hollow electrode can have a consistent electrical conductivity and a high-pressure electrolyte communication sealing ability; the process is accurate and controllable in the preparation process and is applicable to the batched mass production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of welding preparation technology of electrochemical micromachining nested type hollow electrode, belong to special process field.
Background technology
Electrochemical micromachining be the principle utilizing electrochemical redox reaction Anodic to dissolve anode workpiece ablation is shaped subtract material processing method.Processing electric current in gap makes the atom on metal works lose electronics to be become ion and dissolves from workpiece, on the procedural theory of this material of ablation in the form of an ion, its machining accuracy can reach micron even nanoscale, the working ability under this just makes electrochemical micromachining possess micro-scale in the mechanism of action.In addition, electrochemical micromachining is a kind of contactless electric processing method, and have not by the limitation of the mechanical property of materials, surface of the work does not produce residual stress, and cathode electrode is lossless, machining accuracy advantages of higher.Compared with traditional Electrolyzed Processing, electrochemical micromachining has himself feature, machining voltage as adopted in processing is low, pulse width, concentration of electrolyte is low, machining gap little (several microns to some tens of pm), and working (machining) efficiency and precision restrict mutually, current electrochemical micromachining is successfully applied to Aero-Space, medicine equipment, electronic equipment and automobile engine etc. manufacture field, but its development is also faced with a lot of challenge.
Electrochemical micromachining mainly contains the mode such as minute aperture Electrolyzed Processing and micro three-dimensional structure Electrolyzed Processing.Adopt the problems such as the form and dimensional precision that columnar electrode Milling Process three-dimensional structure can avoid cathode design, flow Field Design causes, good forming accuracy and surface quality can be obtained; Minute aperture Electrolyzed Processing generally adopts columnar electrode.Therefore, above-mentioned two kinds of processing modes communicate part in the selecting of tool-electrode.Conventional columnar electrode mainly contains the structure such as simple columnar electrode and column shaped electrode, and through the exploration of domestic and international researcher, these two kinds of electrodes have had development to a certain degree.
The preparation method of simple columnar electrode mainly contains line electrode filing and electrochemical erosion method etc.The insufficient rigidity of micro-electrode prepared by line electrode filing, rushing liquid can affect machining accuracy and even destroy micro-electrode, quiet liquid can only be adopted to process, in fine deep hole machining, have certain limitation.Prepare in the technique of micro-electrode at electrochemical erosion method, by measure and the resistance value controlled in current loop carrys out the diameter of control electrode, the measure error of resistance value will affect the dimensional accuracy of electrode, to be improved to the accurate control aspect of electrode size.
In electrochemical micromachining, the shaped electrode of employing has: variable cross-section electrode of processing with micro-spiral fluted shaped electrode, the electric spark backcopy process disk of 45 μm (its end to be diameter be) etc.Utilize column shaped electrode to carry out electrochemical micromachining, have working (machining) efficiency high, the advantages such as forming accuracy is high, but the shape relative complex of shaped electrode, prepare length consuming time, service life is short, is difficult to realize extensive use.
The simple columnar electrode of general employing in minute aperture Electrolyzed Processing, and its machining gap is small, in processing, the general neutral electrolyte adopted cannot dissolve the sediment that electrochemical reaction produces, small machining gap blocks by the sediment that cannot discharge in time in machining area, and then hinder the smooth and easy renewal of electrolyte, affect the carrying out of electrochemical reaction; And these sediments also can cause the change of electrolytic conductivity, and then make processing electric current produce fluctuation, cause workpiece shapes precision and poor surface quality.Therefore, the discharge of electrolysate and the renewal of electrolyte are the key factors that the fine Fine and Deep Hole Electrolyzed Processing of maintenance is normally carried out.And compared with fine Fine and Deep Hole Electrolyzed Processing, it is open that micro-electrochemical machining Milling Process rushes pendular ring border; The working environment rather harsh of the tool-electrode in fine Fine and Deep Hole Electrolyzed Processing.Therefore, the achievement in research of micro-electrode preparation technology in fine Fine and Deep Hole Electrolyzed Processing, is extensiblely applied in micro three-dimensional structure electrolysis Milling Process.
In order to the problem that the renewal and product that solve electrolyte are got rid of, researcher both domestic and external proposes side blow electrolyte respectively and coordinates solid cylindrical electrode interval rollback method, low pressure rushes liquid-hollow electrode and the eccentric orbiting motion method of workpiece, and vacuum drawing liquid coordinates the minute aperture electrochemical machining method of hollow electrode method etc.Adopt solid cylindrical electrode interval rollback processing mode by the fast fallback of electrode, pressure in machining area to be reduced, form swabbing action, can fresh electrolyte be sucked, discharge product simultaneously.But when processing Fine and Deep Hole, in the method, small machining gap electrolyte inside flowing will slow down, and make working depth limited, and the feed motion repeated makes the dimensional accuracy of machining hole be difficult to control; Adopt there is eccentric track workpiece motion s processing method mainly by trade union college on the workbench that can do even eccentric motion, improve electrolyte flow situation by the reciprocating motion of workpiece.But make the maximal clearance between tool-electrode and hole be greater than 200 μm because workpiece does eccentric orbiting motion, be unsuitable for the fine Fine and Deep Hole processing diameter 100 ~ 200 μm; Vacuum drawing liquid method improves electrolyte stream field characteristic by the flow direction changing electrolyte, can reduce dispersion corrosion, improves processing stability.But this method adopts vavuum pump suck-back electrolyte, because the most high negative pressure of electrolyte is 0.1MPa, is difficult to realize the flow at high speed of electrolyte in small machining gap, is unfavorable for that product is discharged and electrolyte renewal.
Be Problems existing in the fine Fine and Deep Hole Electrolyzed Processing of 100 ~ 200 μm for aperture, propose the liquid-charging type adopting high pressure feed flow to coordinate hollow electrode, solve the problems referred to above.In this kind of method, high-voltage electrolyte up to several MPa pressure flows out from the endoporus high speed of electrode, smooth and easyly flow through small machining gap, make workpiece under the effect of redox reaction by continuous ablation, simultaneously electrolysate is taken out of machining area along with the electrolyte gone out to both sides, can solve electrolyte and upgrade and the problem of product eliminating.Therefore fine hollow tool electrode should possess following characteristics: one, tool-electrode are hollow structure and can bear several MPa high pressure, and fresh electrolyte can be made to go out from its endoporus, smooth and easyly flows through small machining area; Two, electrode is as the negative electrode of electrochemical reaction, possesses good conductive capability; Three, in process, tool-electrode does feed motion along with machine tool chief axis, and the tool-electrode direction of motion must be consistent with major axes orientation; Sediment four, in machining area and the outer liquid that rushes can produce impact to electrode, and therefore electrode should possess certain rigidity, ensures the stability of fine Fine and Deep Hole Electrolyzed Processing.
The tool-electrode preparation method of aforesaid electrochemical micromachining is as line electrode filing or electrochemical etching method, be difficult to prepare the micro-electrode with hollow structure, and utilize diameter to be that the hollow metal pipe of 100 ~ 200 μm rarely has report as the preparation method of micro-electrode, mainly restrict by following factor: the radial dimension of fine hollow metal pipe itself is very little, make the connected sum of fine hollow metal pipe and high-voltage electrolyte seal difficulty; In energising, fine hollow metal pipe upper conductor connects also more difficult; Clamping aspect, in guarantee high pressure sealing with under the prerequisite being communicated with electrolyte, ensure that the axiality of fine hollow metal pipe and main-shaft axis in clamping is all more difficult with the linearity of itself; Therefore, how solving the problem is key point in fine hollow electrode preparation technology.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the necessary welding preparation technology that a kind of electrochemical micromachining nested type hollow electrode is provided, this preparation technology can make the connected sum of fine hollow tube and high-voltage electrolyte seal easily, fine hollow tube upper conductor connection is also easier to, and can ensure axiality and the linearity of itself of fine hollow tube and main-shaft axis in clamping.
A welding preparation technology for electrochemical micromachining nested type hollow electrode, it comprises following operation: fine hollow tube wears wire process, and middle pipe bonding operation, the nested size of metal tube and position adjust operation and nested type hollow electrode welding sequence.Particularly, first in the fine hollow tube prepared, cylinder filament is worn; Secondly by wear the fine hollow tube after silk penetrate to be bonded in the endoporus of middle pipe and by one end of pipe in this described in wear the outer wall of the fine hollow tube after silk, form compound electrode; Again compound electrode is stretched into bassoon, the middle pipe controlling described compound electrode stretches into the length of described bassoon; Finally by one end of described middle pipe and described pipe welding, then the other end of described middle pipe is welded with described fine hollow tube.
Compared with prior art, hollow electrode prepared by the welding preparation technology of electrochemical micromachining nested type hollow electrode provided by the invention carries out nested encryptions successively by being convenient to be communicated with electrolyte, easy conductive, bassoon that easily diameter of clamping is larger and spacing middle pipe, fine hollow tube, the axiality of axis and the uniformity of electric conductivity between pipe at different levels can be ensured, and the high-pressure tightness between pipe at different levels and high-voltage electrolyte carrier pipe, this preparation method overcomes the little difficulty brought of radial dimension of fine hollow tube.The pipe larger to diameter is communicated with, conducts electricity and clamping, can solve the difficult problem utilizing fine hollow tube to make fine hollow electrode; Adopt welding method to connect bassoon, spacing middle pipe and fine hollow tube, fine hollow tube, spacing middle pipe can be ensured and there is between bassoon consistent electric conductivity and the sealability being communicated with high-voltage electrolyte.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the welding preparation technology of the electrochemical micromachining nested type hollow electrode that embodiment of the present invention provides.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the fine hollow tube that provides of embodiment of the present invention and middle pipe bonding and gluing.
Fig. 3 is the perspective view of the nested size of metal tube that embodiment of the present invention provides and position regulator.
Fig. 4 is the structure for amplifying schematic diagram of IV part in Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the pressure-dependent curve map of electrolyte flow rate of the hollow electrode prepared by the welding preparation technology of electrochemical micromachining nested type hollow electrode that embodiment of the present invention provides.
Main element symbol description
| Pipe limit clamp matrix at different levels | 1 |
| Middle pipe positioning V-shaped groove | 2 |
| Middle pipe | 3 |
| Refractory ceramics glue | 4 |
| Fine hollow tube positioning V-shaped groove | 5 |
| Fine hollow tube | 6 |
| Cylinder filament | 7 |
| Filament clamping device | 8 |
| XYZ three-dimensional adjustment platform | 9 |
| X-axis position adjustment knob | 10 |
| Y-axis position adjustment knob | 11 |
| Z axis position adjustment knob | 12 |
| Base | 13 |
| Bassoon location V-shaped groove | 14 |
| Bassoon | 15 |
| Filament positioning V-shaped groove | 16 |
| Large pipe clamping mechanism | 17 |
| Sealing cap | 18 |
| Universal angle guiding mechanism | 19 |
| Filament positioning unit | 20 |
| The nested size of metal tube and position regulator | 21 |
Following detailed description of the invention will further illustrate the present invention in conjunction with above-mentioned accompanying drawing.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments, the welding preparation technology of electrochemical micromachining nested type hollow electrode provided by the invention is described in further detail.
The welding preparation technology of electrochemical micromachining nested type hollow electrode provided by the invention mainly realize using diameter be the preparation methods of 100 ~ 200 microns of fine hollow metal pipes as the hollow electrode of fine hollow electrode.
Refer to Fig. 1, the welding preparation technology of described electrochemical micromachining nested type hollow electrode comprises following operation: fine hollow tube wears wire process, and middle pipe bonding operation, the nested size of metal tube and position adjust operation and nested type hollow electrode welding sequence.Particularly, first in the fine hollow tube prepared, cylinder filament is worn; Secondly by wear the fine hollow tube after silk penetrate to be bonded in the endoporus of middle pipe and by one end of pipe in this described in wear the outer wall of the fine hollow tube after silk, form compound electrode; Again compound electrode is stretched into bassoon, the middle pipe controlling described compound electrode stretches into the length of described bassoon; Finally by one end of described middle pipe and described pipe welding, then the other end of described middle pipe is welded with described fine hollow tube.
Refer to Fig. 2, wear in wire process at fine hollow tube, first, provide fine hollow tube 6 and cylinder filament 7, the length of this fine hollow tube 6 is 5 ~ 10 millimeters, and its material is metal material.Described cylinder filament 7 has higher cylindricity, and its diameter is less than the internal diameter 3 ~ 5 microns of described fine hollow tube 6, and its material is metal material.
Then with pure water cleaning described fine hollow tube 6 and described cylinder filament 7, post-drying.Again by the slide clamping of described fine hollow tube 6, be that the nitric acid of 0.5% ~ 5% is by smooth for the corrosion of its end face by concentration.Afterwards, be fixed on by slide on lucite matrix, penetrated by described cylinder filament 7 in the endoporus of described fine hollow tube 6 in microscopic fields of view, the length that this cylinder filament 7 passes described fine hollow tube 6 is 10 ~ 20 millimeters.Finally, wear the fine hollow tube after silk and be placed in pure water by above-mentioned and clean, post-drying.
In middle pipe bonding operation, provide middle pipe 3, its material is metal material.First, clean with the sidewall of pipe in sand papering 3, then wear the fine hollow tube after silk penetrate described in the endoporus of described middle pipe 3, controlling the length that described fine hollow tube 6 passes described middle pipe 3 is 0.5 ~ 1.5 millimeter.
Then provide pipe limit clamp matrix 1 at different levels, this pipe limit clamp matrix 1 at different levels has a middle pipe positioning V-shaped groove 2 and a fine hollow tube positioning V-shaped groove 5, and in this, pipe positioning V-shaped groove 2 and fine hollow tube positioning V-shaped groove 5 are oppositely arranged.Afterwards described fine hollow tube 6 put into described fine hollow tube positioning V-shaped groove 5 and clamp, described middle pipe 3 put into described pipe location V-shaped groove 2 and clamp, make the dead in line or parallel of the axis of described fine hollow tube 6 and described middle pipe 3, and clamped, ensure that its position can not move and deflect in subsequent operation.
Secondly, configuration refractory ceramics glue 4, the concentration ratio controlling pressed powder and liquid diluent is 1g:0.75ml ~ 1.5ml.Refractory ceramics glue 4 evenly filled up the gap of the junction of the lower surface of described middle pipe 3 and the sidewall of described fine hollow tube 6 in microscopic fields of view and sealed, controlling the flow range of refractory ceramics glue 4, avoiding blocking described fine hollow tube 6.Finally, adopt the mode of heating that refractory ceramics glue 4 is solidified completely, cleaning, post-drying, the above-mentioned nested metal tube completed is called compound electrode.
In the nested size of metal tube and position adjustment operation, first, provide bassoon 15, the material of this bassoon 15 is metal material.Polish, clean and dry described bassoon 15, cleaning fluid is followed successively by acetone, the gluconic acid sodium salt of 1% ~ 5% and pure water, and wherein gluconic acid sodium salt can improve the welding performance on the surface that will weld as a kind of metal cleaner.
Refer to Fig. 3, the nested size of metal tube and position regulator 21 are provided, the nested size of this metal tube and position regulator 21 comprise filament clamping device 8, XYZ three-dimensional adjustment platform 9, base 13, filament positioning unit 20, large pipe clamping mechanism 17 and universal angle guiding mechanism 19.
Described XYZ three-dimensional adjustment platform 9 and large pipe clamping mechanism 17 are separately positioned on described base 13, described filament clamping device 8 is arranged on described XYZ three-dimensional adjustment platform 9, described universal angle guiding mechanism 19 is arranged on described filament clamping device 8, and described filament positioning unit 20 is arranged on described filament clamping device 8.Described XYZ three-dimensional adjustment platform 9 is provided with X-axis position adjustment knob 10, Y-axis position adjustment knob 11 and Z axis position adjustment knob 12, wherein said X-axis adjustment knob 10, Y-axis adjustment knob 11 and Z axis adjustment knob 12 are all the graduated micrometer guiding mechanisms of band, by rotate X-axis position adjustment knob 10, Y-axis position adjustment knob 11 and Z axis position adjustment knob 12 can filament positioning unit 20 described in accurate adjustment in the position of X-axis, Y-axis and Z axis.In addition, described filament positioning unit 20 angle in all directions can also be regulated by adjusting described universal angle guiding mechanism 19.Described filament positioning unit 20 has filament positioning V-shaped groove 16, and described large pipe clamping mechanism 17 has bassoon location V-shaped groove 14, and the axis direction of this bassoon location V-shaped groove 14 is consistent with the axis direction of described filament positioning V-shaped groove 16.
See also Fig. 4, sealing cap 18 is provided, seal the lower surface of described bassoon 15 with sealing cap 18, then described bassoon 15 is vertically clamped in described bassoon location V-shaped groove 14.Then, control one end that described compound electrode makes the middle pipe 3 in compound electrode have refractory ceramics glue 4 and stretch in the endoporus of described bassoon 15, then the cylinder filament 7 in described compound electrode is clamped in filament location V-shaped groove 16.By adjusting described X-axis position adjustment knob 10, Y-axis position adjustment knob 11 and Z axis position adjustment knob 12 and described universal angle guiding mechanism 19, ensure the axiality of compound electrode and bassoon 15 axis.The position that the lower surface finally compound electrode being adjusted to described middle pipe 3 overlaps with the upper surface of described bassoon 15, think to be " zero point " of described bassoon 15 herein, adjustment Z axis position adjustment knob 12, stretch into the length of described bassoon 15 by pipe 3 in mike accurate control combination electrode, controlling this length is 0.2 ~ 1 millimeter.The long meeting of built-in length makes the pressure local losses of hollow electrode inside excessive, thus impact is by the electrolyte flow rate of hollow electrode, and built-in length is too short, and welding operation difficulty, easily blocks hollow electrode.
The described effect middle pipe 3 being bonded in fine hollow tube 6 is the restriction radial and axial position of fine hollow tube 6 in described bassoon 15 endoporus on the one hand, and in this, pipe 3 plays guiding, spacing and clamping, makes fine hollow tube 6 be in controlled state.On the other hand, there is velocity gradient in the radial direction in electrolyte in bassoon 15, comparatively large near axis place flow velocity, pipe 3 during electrolyte maximum for flow-passing surface place shear rate in bassoon imports by middle pipe 3, and then improve the flow velocity flowing out electrolyte from fine hollow tube 6.
In nested type hollow electrode welding sequence, one end of described middle pipe 3 is welded with described bassoon 15, then the other end of described middle pipe 3 is welded with described fine hollow tube 6.In welding sequence, the parameters such as major control welding temperature and weld interval.First, adjustment welding temperature to 295 DEG C ~ 305 DEG C, welds the side of described middle pipe 3 lower end and bassoon 15 with water-soluble scolding tin and temperature control flatiron, controls weld interval at 3 ~ 6 seconds.Weld interval, the long amount that scolding tin may be caused to enter in hollow electrode gap was too much, easily blocked hollow electrode.Then, adjustment welding temperature to 265 DEG C ~ 275 DEG C, utilizes water-soluble scolding tin and temperature control flatiron the end face of described middle pipe 3 upper end and described fine hollow tube 6 to be welded, controls weld interval at 1 ~ 3 second.Then clean hollow electrode, post-drying.
In the nested size of metal tube and position adjustment operation, described sealing cap 18 is utilized to be control the amount that melting scolding tin flows into gap between described middle pipe 3 and bassoon 15 by the effect that bassoon 15 lower surface seals.Under short time high temperature effect, the air undergoes rapid expansion of bassoon 15 inside, because the lower surface of this bassoon 15 seals, in the buoyant gas of this bassoon 15 upper surface and expansive force and gap, the gravity of scolding tin reaches balance very soon, scolding tin is made to be evenly distributed in gap, by adjustment welding temperature and time, control the flow range of scolding tin in gap, can prevent from blocking described fine hollow tube 6.
The operation of cleaning hollow electrode is may further include after the welding of described nested type hollow electrode welding sequence completes, detailed process is: first alcohol is heated to 60 ~ 80 DEG C, described hollow electrode is placed on ultrasonic cleaning in alcohol and constant temperature soaks a period of time, then take out hollow electrode, and it is vertically placed.Make so repeatedly respectively to wash bubble once at alcohol and pure water.Then dry, in drying course, keep hollow electrode to be the state of vertically placing, be convenient to get rid of cleaning fluid.
Embodiment
Refer to Fig. 2, wear in wire process at fine hollow tube, fine hollow tube and cylinder filament are provided, in this fine hollow tube, wear cylinder filament.Concrete, first, provide fine hollow tube 6 and cylinder filament 7, the material of this fine hollow tube 6 is brass, is of a size of length 6.5 millimeters, external diameter 130 microns, internal diameter 60 microns.Described fine hollow tube 6 is dried with alcohol washes.Described cylinder filament 7 is stainless steel yarn, and the diameter of this stainless steel yarn is 50 microns, and length is 100 millimeters, and this stainless steel yarn is cleaned and dried.Then, in described fine hollow tube 6, cylinder filament 7 is worn.First described fine hollow tube 6 is clamped with slide, nitric acid with 2% is by smooth for the corrosion of its end face, then slide is fixed on lucite matrix, in microscopic fields of view, described cylinder filament 7 is penetrated in the endoporus of described fine hollow tube 6, and the length passing described fine hollow tube 6 left side is 15 millimeters, clean above-mentioned wear silk after fine hollow tube and dry.
In middle pipe bonding operation, provide middle pipe, by wear the fine hollow tube after silk and penetrate to be bonded in the endoporus of described middle pipe and by one end of pipe in this described in wear the outer wall of the fine hollow tube after silk, form compound electrode.Concrete, provide middle pipe 3, in this, the material of pipe 3 is brass, and the external diameter of middle pipe 3 is 0.6 millimeter, and internal diameter is 0.2 millimeter, and the end face of the pipe 3 in this of polishing and side, then use alcohol washes post-drying.Then penetrate wearing the fine hollow tube after silk in the endoporus of described middle pipe 3, controlling described fine hollow tube 6 through the length of described middle pipe 3 is 1 millimeter.There is provided pipe limit clamp matrix 1 at different levels afterwards, this pipe limit clamp matrix 1 at different levels has a middle pipe positioning V-shaped groove 2 and a fine hollow tube positioning V-shaped groove 5, and in this, pipe positioning V-shaped groove 2 and fine hollow tube positioning V-shaped groove 5 are oppositely arranged.Afterwards described fine hollow tube 6 put into described fine hollow tube positioning V-shaped groove 5 and clamp, described middle pipe 3 put into described pipe location V-shaped groove 2 and clamp, making the dead in line of the axis of described fine hollow tube 6 and described middle pipe 3, and clamped.
Then configure refractory ceramics glue 4, the ratio controlling pressed powder and liquid diluent in this refractory ceramics glue 4 is 1g:1ml, and this pressed powder is inorganic oxide copper and ceramic powders.Then refractory ceramics glue 4 is evenly filled up the gap of the lower surface of described middle pipe 3 and the sidewall junction of described fine hollow tube 6 in microscopic fields of view and its junction is sealed.Adopt the mode of heating that refractory ceramics glue 4 is solidified, and clean post-drying with pure water.The nested metal tube completed is called compound electrode.
In the nested size of metal tube and position adjustment operation, provide bassoon, compound electrode is stretched into described bassoon, the middle pipe controlling described compound electrode stretches into the length of described bassoon.Concrete, first, provide bassoon 15, the material of this bassoon 15 is brass, and this bassoon 15 is of a size of external diameter 2.0 millimeters, internal diameter 0.65 millimeter, this bassoon 15 is successively placed on acetone, 5% gluconic acid sodium salt, clean in pure water and then dry.
Then, refer to Fig. 3, the nested size of foregoing metal tube and position regulator 21 are provided.See also Fig. 4, sealing cap 18 is provided, seal the lower surface of described bassoon 15 with sealing cap 18, then this bassoon 15 is vertically clamped in described bassoon location V-shaped groove 14.Then, control one end that described compound electrode makes the middle pipe 3 in compound electrode have refractory ceramics glue 4 and stretch in the endoporus of described bassoon 15, then the cylinder filament 7 in described compound electrode is clamped in filament location V-shaped groove 16.By adjusting described X-axis position adjustment knob 10, Y-axis position adjustment knob 11 and Z axis position adjustment knob 12 and described universal angle guiding mechanism 19, ensure the axiality of compound electrode and bassoon 15 axis.The length stretching into bassoon 15 finally by pipe 3 in the accurate control combination electrode of mike is 0.5 millimeter.
In nested type hollow electrode welding sequence, by one end of described middle pipe and described pipe welding, then the other end of described middle pipe is welded with described fine hollow tube.First adjust welding temperature to 300 DEG C, with water-soluble scolding tin and temperature control flatiron, the side of described middle pipe 3 lower end and bassoon 15 are welded, 5 seconds weld intervals.Secondly, adjustment welding temperature to 270 DEG C, utilize water-soluble scolding tin and temperature control flatiron the end face of middle pipe 3 upper end and described fine hollow tube 6 to be welded, weld interval is 2 seconds; Finally, clean hollow electrode and dry.
The operation of cleaning hollow electrode is comprised further after nested type hollow electrode welding sequence.Concrete, first alcohol is heated to 80 DEG C.Described hollow electrode is placed on ultrasonic cleaning in alcohol and constant temperature soaks a period of time, then takes out hollow electrode, and it is vertically placed.Make so repeatedly respectively to wash bubble once at alcohol and pure water.Keep hollow electrode to be the state of vertically placing in drying course, be convenient to get rid of cleaning fluid.Finally take out the cylinder filament 7 in described hollow electrode.
Carry out the electrolyte pressure-flow speed characteristic test of hollow electrode afterwards.Described bassoon 15 be connected with electrolyte pipe and seal, then connecting electrolyte liquid-supplying system.Test the Changing Pattern of electrolyte flow rate with pressure of the hollow electrode prepared by welding.Refer to Fig. 5, in Fig. 5, curve represents that fine hollow tube 6 total length is respectively 6.5 millimeters respectively, and the electrolyte flow rate of three kinds of hollow electrodes of 8.0 millimeters and 10 millimeters is with the curve of pressure change in pipeline.As can be seen from curve: 1. along with the increase of pipeline inner pressure, fine hollow electrode flow velocity steadily increases; 2. the flow speed characteristic difference of the Different electrodes that fine hollow tube 6 length is identical is little; 3. within the specific limits, the length of fine hollow tube 6 is less, and the flow velocity performance of electrolyte is better, and flow velocity is up to more than 9m/s.
Carry out the test of hollow electrode electric conductivity.Electric conductivity test being carried out to fine hollow electrode, obtaining its bulk resistor for being about 0.03 ohm, show the fine hollow electrode of nested type prepared by welding, the requirement of electrochemical micromachining to electrode conductivuty can be met completely.
Hollow electrode prepared by the welding preparation technology of the electrochemical micromachining nested type hollow electrode that the present embodiment provides carries out nested encryptions successively by being convenient to be communicated with electrolyte, easy conductive, bassoon that easily diameter of clamping is larger and spacing middle pipe, fine hollow tube, the axiality of axis and the uniformity of electric conductivity between pipe at different levels can be ensured simultaneously, and the high-pressure tightness between pipe at different levels and high-voltage electrolyte carrier pipe, the little difficulty brought of the radial dimension the method overcoming fine hollow tube.The pipe larger to diameter is communicated with, conducts electricity and clamping, can solve the difficult problem utilizing fine hollow tube to make fine hollow electrode.Adopt welding method to connect bassoon, spacing middle pipe and fine hollow tube, fine hollow tube, spacing middle pipe can be ensured and there is between bassoon consistent electric conductivity and the sealability being communicated with high-voltage electrolyte.And utilize the nested size of the metal tube in the embodiment of the present invention and position regulator can realize making fine hollow tube and bassoon meet the requirement of very high-axiality to axial location with the accurate control of nested size.
The welding preparation technology of the electrochemical micromachining nested type hollow electrode that the present embodiment provides has the following advantages: one, solve using the diameter key issue that to be 100 ~ 200 microns of fine hollow metal pipes prepare as electrodes such as the connection electrolyte of fine hollow electrode, conduction and clampings, avoids designing complicated electrode holder and production equipment; Two, in the process of welding and adjust, each step has all carried out the operation of accurate control and quantification, especially embedded length, welding temperature, the technological parameter that weld interval etc. are crucial, ensure that the uniformity of the electrode characteristic that the present embodiment makes; Adjusting device three, by designing the nested size of metal tube and position ensure that the axiality of fine hollow tube and bassoon; Four, utilize fine hollow metal pipe to be prepared electrode as raw material, greatly reduce cost, be suitable for producing in batch.
In addition, those skilled in the art can also do other change in spirit of the present invention, and these changes done according to the present invention's spirit all should be included in the present invention's scope required for protection.
Claims (9)
1. an electrochemical micromachining welding preparation technology for nested type hollow electrode, it comprises following operation:
Fine hollow tube wears wire process, middle pipe bonding operation, the nested size of metal tube and position adjustment operation and
Nested type hollow electrode welding sequence,
Wear in wire process at fine hollow tube, in the fine hollow tube prepared, wear cylinder filament;
In middle pipe bonding operation, by wear the fine hollow tube after silk penetrate to be bonded in the endoporus of middle pipe and by one end of pipe in this described in wear the outer wall of the fine hollow tube after silk, form compound electrode;
In the nested size of metal tube and position adjustment operation, compound electrode is stretched into bassoon, and the middle pipe controlling described compound electrode stretches into the length of described bassoon;
In nested type hollow electrode welding sequence, by one end of described middle pipe and described pipe welding, then the other end of described middle pipe is welded with described fine hollow tube.
2. the electrochemical micromachining as claimed in claim 1 welding preparation technology of nested type hollow electrode, it is characterized in that: wear in wire process at fine hollow tube, penetrated by described cylinder filament in microscopic fields of view in the endoporus of described fine hollow tube, the length that this cylinder filament passes described fine hollow tube is 10 ~ 20 millimeters.
3. the electrochemical micromachining welding preparation technology of nested type hollow electrode as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in middle pipe bonding operation, and controlling the length that described fine hollow tube passes described middle pipe is 0.5 ~ 1.5 millimeter.
4. the electrochemical micromachining as claimed in claim 3 welding preparation technology of nested type hollow electrode, it is characterized in that: in middle pipe bonding operation, configuration refractory ceramics glue, the concentration ratio controlling pressed powder and liquid diluent is 1 gram: 0.75 milliliter ~ 1.5 milliliters, refractory ceramics glue is evenly filled up the gap of the junction of the lower surface of described middle pipe and the sidewall of described fine hollow tube in microscopic fields of view and is sealed.
5. the electrochemical micromachining as claimed in claim 4 welding preparation technology of nested type hollow electrode, it is characterized in that: in the nested size of metal tube and position adjustment operation, utilize the nested size of metal tube and position regulator adjustment compound electrode and the axiality of bassoon axis, and the length that the middle pipe of control combination electrode stretches into described bassoon is 0.2 ~ 1 millimeter.
6. the electrochemical micromachining as claimed in claim 5 welding preparation technology of nested type hollow electrode, it is characterized in that: the nested size of described metal tube and position regulator comprise filament clamping device, XYZ three-dimensional adjustment platform, base, filament positioning unit, large pipe clamping mechanism and universal angle guiding mechanism, described XYZ three-dimensional adjustment platform and large pipe clamping mechanism are separately positioned on described base, described filament clamping device is arranged on described XYZ three-dimensional adjustment platform, described universal angle guiding mechanism is arranged on described filament clamping device, described filament positioning unit is arranged on described filament clamping device.
7. the electrochemical micromachining as claimed in claim 6 welding preparation technology of nested type hollow electrode, it is characterized in that: described XYZ three-dimensional adjustment platform is provided with X-axis position adjustment knob, Y-axis position adjustment knob and Z axis position adjustment knob, wherein said X-axis adjustment knob, Y-axis adjustment knob and Z axis adjustment knob are all the graduated micrometer guiding mechanisms of band, by rotate X-axis position adjustment knob, Y-axis position adjustment knob and Z axis position adjustment knob can filament positioning unit described in accurate adjustment in the position of X-axis, Y-axis and Z axis; Described filament positioning unit has filament positioning V-shaped groove, and described large pipe clamping mechanism has bassoon location V-shaped groove, and the axis direction of this bassoon location V-shaped groove is consistent with the axis direction of described filament positioning V-shaped groove.
8. the electrochemical micromachining as claimed in claim 7 welding preparation technology of nested type hollow electrode, it is characterized in that: in the nested size of metal tube and position adjustment operation, sealing cap is provided, the lower surface of described bassoon is sealed with sealing cap, then described bassoon is vertically clamped in described bassoon location V-shaped groove, then, controlling one end that described compound electrode makes the middle pipe in compound electrode have refractory ceramics glue stretches in the endoporus of described bassoon, again the cylinder filament in described compound electrode is clamped in described filament location V-shaped groove, by adjusting described X-axis position adjustment knob, Y-axis position adjustment knob and Z axis position adjust knob and described universal angle guiding mechanism, make compound electrode and bassoon axis coaxle.
9. the electrochemical micromachining as claimed in claim 1 welding preparation technology of nested type hollow electrode, it is characterized in that: in nested type hollow electrode welding sequence, adjustment welding temperature to 295 DEG C ~ 305 DEG C, with water-soluble scolding tin and temperature control flatiron by one end of described middle pipe and pipe welding, control weld interval at 3 ~ 6 seconds, adjustment welding temperature to 265 DEG C ~ 275 DEG C, utilize water-soluble scolding tin and temperature control flatiron by the other end of described middle pipe and described fine hollow tube welding, control weld interval at 1 ~ 3 second.
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| CN112391603A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-02-23 | 北京信息科技大学 | System and method for preparing hollow electrode side wall insulating layer based on vapor deposition method |
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