CN104620811B - Method for cultivating landscaping white bark pines in mountainous area of semi-arid region - Google Patents
Method for cultivating landscaping white bark pines in mountainous area of semi-arid region Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cultivating landscaping white bark pines in a mountainous area of a semi-arid region. Usually, landscaping white bark pine seedlings are cultivated in a flat land, and a method for cultivating the landscaping white bark pine seedlings in the mountainous area has not been reported. The method for cultivating the landscaping white bark pine seedlings in the mountainous area is different from common barrel hill afforestation and needs fineness and accuracy. According to the method for cultivating the landscaping white bark pine seedlings in the mountainous area in the semi-arid region, in the semi-arid region, the soil resources in the mountainous area are fully utilized, according to the biological and ecological characteristics of the white bark pines, the intensive cultivation and operation management technology is executed through manual means, and the white bark pines special for landscaping in the Northern area are cultivated. By means of various technological means of the method, the utilization value of the white bark pines is fully improved, the survival rate, the preserving rate, the increment, the quality and the economic benefits of the seedling cultivation and afforestation of the white bark pines are improved, and multiple benefits such as ecological benefits, economical benefits and social benefits are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation of lacebark pine, specially a kind of to cultivate lacebark pine Evergreen garden plant in semiarid zone mountain region
Method.
Background technology
Lacebark pine (Pinus bungeana Zucc.) Pinaceae, Pinus, aiphyllium, the rare protection of two grades of category country is planted
Thing, is a kind of exclusive, the in short supply rare tree of current China, is the unique three pins pine in Southeast Asia, is North China, northwest southern areas
One of Good Indigenous Tree Species, up to 30m, its tree-like magnificence is colourful, dark green tall and straight, and the peculiar white of bark has light, needle for the height of tree
It is verdant lovely.
Lacebark pine growth distributing region mainly on Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Hebei and other places, wherein with Shanxi,
Based on Shaanxi, Shanxi is distributed mainly on Moutains Taiyue, Zhongtiao Shan Mountain and Luliang Mountains.It is China North China city, flower garden, four side beautification and greenings
Rare tree, is mountain area or semiarid zone afforestation fine tree species, is also afforestation, Forest Park, scenic spot optimization
The fine tree species of configuration.
Generally lacebark pine nursery is carried out on the good level land of water and fertilizer condition, but now the good level land resource of water and fertilizer condition is tight
, cause the cultivation of lacebark pine relatively costly, and vast semiarid zone hill-land resource then can be considered for lacebark pine
Cultivate.But because the mountain region of semiarid zone has that the gradient is big, water condition, it is unfavorable for the cultivation of lacebark pine.Cause
This needs a kind of method that semiarid zone hill-land resource can be made full use of to cultivate lacebark pine.
The content of the invention
The present invention is to make full use of the land resource in mountain region in semiarid zone, is cultivated using intensive operation management technology
For the lacebark pine nursery stock of afforestation.
The basic intension of intensive management：Fine metaplasia is carried out in the more means of production of same area input and work
Produce, the forest land that product population is increased with the method for improving forest survival rate, storage rate, increment and yield per unit area is managed
Method.
The key property of intensive management：1st, it is the feature of Quality Management.Quality Management is placed in critical positions, to train
It is main target to support excellent landscaping sapling.2nd, it is the feature of scale management.Intensive management requires the phase of production factors
To concentrating, scale of operation.3rd, it is the feature of benefit efficiency operation.Intensive management is produced with increasing the benefit as final goal
During adhere to the operations objective of " low input, high production " and " many, fast, good, save ".4th, it is advanced and applicable technical management
Feature.Improve the scientific and technological content of links in production.
To the effect that lacebark pine mountain region Planting Techniques and lacebark pine mountain region big seedling cultivation technology of the invention.In half-dried nonirrigated farmland
Area makes full use of the land resource in mountain region, according to the biological and ecological characteristics of lacebark pine, using artificial measures intensive cultivation is implemented
Training and technique of management and administration, cultivate and adapt to the special lacebark pine nursery stock of northern area afforestation.By every skill of the present invention
Art measure, fully improves the value of lacebark pine, improve lacebark pine breeding and afforestation survival rate, storage rate, increment, quality and
Economic benefit, realizes the multiple benefits such as ecology, economy, society.
It is an object of the invention to provide one kind afforests big tree cultivating method in semiarid zone mountain region lacebark pine, implement area
Domain Eco-economic Type industrial structure optimization pattern and the efficient management mode of ecological forestry, realize ecological environment treatment and economic development
Develop simultaneously, go on the road of conservation culture, economy and social sustainable development.
The present invention employs the following technical solutions realization：Cultivate lacebark pine Evergreen garden plant in a kind of semiarid zone mountain region
Method, comprise the following steps：
First, plantation measures
Select soil not hardened in semiarid zone, not ponding, subacidity to alkalescence, pH value between 6.5-8.0,
Height above sea level 800m-1200m, the native tor or loess hill field planting below 25 degree of the gradient；
2nd, afforestation and soil preparation
Method of soil preparation：Schattenseite, half Schattenseite, more than 50 centimetres of soil thickness are selected, well-drained hillside fields is previous afforesting
Rainy season in year or autumn carry out finishing ground；
Land preparation mode：Level-terrace site preparation, reaches the purpose of water conservation, soil conservation, fertilizer conservation；
Level-terrace site preparation method：On domatic from top to bottom, every 2～3 meters, terrace, terrace width are built along contour
Become with gradient size, soft terrace can be wide, otherwise can be narrow, 1～1.5 meter of terrace width；Dig in the middle of contour bench and plant trees
Hole, cheats a diameter of 50 centimetres, deep 40 centimetres, table earthen backfill；
3rd, the density of plantation
Seeding row spacing adopts 2m × 2m or 2m × 3m；
4th, lacebark pine nursery stock specification
Using the nutritive cube nursery stock of 2+2；
5th, Afforestation Time
Spring afforestation or Raining season wooding；
Spring soil thaws to more than 40 centimetres depth, starts to be afforested during bleeding, or according to various places weather conditions, can adopt
Use Raining season wooding；
6th, method for planting
Nursery stock shifts to an earlier date two days and pours once permeable, and nutritive cube or polybag are removed during plant will be put in hole with soil container seedling,
Surrounding fills out fine earth, stands solid with their feet, and planting depth is defined by container bag top with ground level；
7th, manage and protect after lacebark pine plant
Weeding；
Annual 6, the equal weeding of September part, loosen the soil once, winter carries out expansion disk, and running into arid season should water in good time；
Fertilising；
Lacebark pine fertilising will in a small amount repeatedly thin fertilizer be gently applied, and takes Chun Shi and Qiu Shi, starts within the 3rd year after plant fertilising, every year
In May-July, urea 1-2 time is applied, every plant of 40g-50g, November applies once-combined fertilizer, every plant of 40g-60g；
8th, disease pest rat plague control is done to lacebark pine
9th, commercial seedling is emerged
Grew through 8 ~ 10 years, sapling highly reaches 1.5-2.0 rice, now can emerge.
Generally lacebark pine landscaping sapling is cultivated on level land, is cultivated lacebark pine Evergreen garden plant in mountain region and is not seen
Report, cultivates lacebark pine Evergreen garden plant different with common afforestation in mountain region, needs fine and accurately method.
The present invention fully analyzes the ecological environment of Loess Region, social economy, forest resourceies and production status, according to
The biological and ecological characteristics of lacebark pine, carry out afforestation planning and job design, and science selects reproducing area, in semiarid zone
Mountain region adopts Prospect of Runoff Forestry entire technique, and from breeding strong sprout, in good time plantation, manages and protects and cultivate meticulously, and 8-10 cultivates capping
Type is good, tree performance is graceful, the height of tree 1.5-2.0 rice urban landscaping tree.
The steps such as selection, afforestation and soil preparation, the density of plantation of reproducing area belong to afforestation planning and designing, and afforestation planning and designing are to make
The element task of woods, exactly investigates thoroughly afforestation natural conditions, economic conditions and land resource；According to nature and economic law,
On the basis of reasonable arrangement Land_use change, deserted mountain suitable for afforestation and other land use for greening are analyzed and evaluated, are worked out scientific and reasonable
Afforestation planning, the applicable reforestation technique of advanced design makes afforestation once success.
Resistance to dry and cold according to the light of lacebark pine tree in step one, the not biological characteristics of wet-heat resisting can in semiarid zone
Select in topography variation less, landforms are more consistent than more complete, domatic big, environment, and the gradient, slope aspect and vegetation change not, and
Soil layer is deep, well-drained soil afforestation, is conducive to the growth of lacebark pine；2+2 nursery stocks in step 4 refer to sowing and educate
After seedling 2 years, seedling dress nutritive cube is further cultured for 2 years；In step 5 during spring afforestation, soil defrosting layer is thin, bankets not during plant
Real, ground temperature is low, and root system can not live, and can also produce physiological drought phenomenon；Too late, root system has little time healing for plant, and survival rate is reduced；
And the present invention selected afforestation opportunity（Soil thaws 40 centimetres, during bleeding）The problems referred to above can be avoided.Planting depth in step 6
It is advisable with ground level with container bag top, it is never deep to plant, in case rotten of ponding and needle cast fungi.Lacebark pine is required not fertility
Height, the unsuitable excessive and overrich of fertilising, can otherwise make branch excessive growth, and needle is elongated, hinders ornamental value.Step 7 is applied by middle white skin pine
Fertilizer will in a small amount repeatedly thin fertilizer be gently applied, and takes Chun Shi and Qiu Shi, so can as soon as possible accelerate the growth of lacebark pine sapling, and will not
Affect its ornamental value.
The present invention is to make full use of the land resource in mountain region in semiarid zone, special according to the biology and ecology of lacebark pine
Property, cultivated using artificial measures and adapt to the special lacebark pine nursery stock of northern area afforestation.It is different with common afforestation,
Fine and accurately method is needed, is devoted to promoting the value of lacebark pine, improved lacebark pine breeding and afforestation survival rate, preserve
Rate, increment, quality and economic benefit, realize the multiple benefits such as ecology, economy, society.Compared with common afforestation, we
Method can improve lacebark pine breeding and afforestation survival rate 10-30%, improve storage rate 20-40%, improves increment 30-50%.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment
A kind of method that lacebark pine Evergreen garden plant is cultivated in semiarid zone mountain region, comprises the following steps：
First, plantation measures：It is resistance to dry and cold according to the light of lacebark pine tree, the not biological characteristics of wet-heat resisting, semiarid
Area selects topography variation less, and landforms are complete, domatic big, environment is consistent, and the change of the gradient, slope aspect and vegetation is little, soil
Earth is not hardened, not ponding, subacidity to alkalescence, pH value between 6.5-8.0, height above sea level 800m-1200m, below 25 degree of the gradient
Native tor or loess hill field planting；
2nd, afforestation and soil preparation
Method of soil preparation：Schattenseite, half Schattenseite, more than 50 centimetres of soil thickness are selected, well-drained hillside fields is previous afforesting
Rainy season in year or autumn carry out finishing ground；
Land preparation mode：Level-terrace site preparation, the purpose for reaching water conservation, soil conservation, fertilizer conservation；
Level-terrace site preparation method：On domatic from top to bottom, every 2～3 meters, terrace, terrace width are built along contour
Become with gradient size, soft terrace can be wide, otherwise can be narrow, 1～1.5 meter of terrace width；Dig in the middle of contour bench and plant trees
Hole, cheats a diameter of 50 centimetres, deep 40 centimetres；Apply 10 kilograms of decomposed manures in table earthen backfill, conditional place, each hole；
3rd, the density of plantation
Seeding row spacing adopts 2m × 2m or 2m × 3m,
4th, lacebark pine nursery stock specification
Using the nutritive cube nursery stock of 2+2（After seeding and seedling raising 2 years, seedling dress nutritive cube is further cultured for 2 years）；
5th, Afforestation Time
Spring afforestation or Raining season wooding；
Spring soil thaws when bleeding is started and afforests, and soil defrosting layer is thin, bankets during plant unreal, and ground temperature is low, root system
Can not live, can also produce physiological drought phenomenon；Too late, root system has little time healing for plant, and survival rate is reduced；
Or Raining season wooding, according to various places weather conditions, Raining season wooding can be adopted（Taiyuan region 8-10 months）；
6th, method for planting
Nursery stock shifts to an earlier date two days and pours once permeable, and nutritive cube or polybag are removed during plant will be put in hole with soil container seedling,
Surrounding fills out fine earth, stands solid with their feet, and planting depth is advisable with container bag top with ground level, never deep to plant, in case rotten of ponding
And needle cast fungi；
7th, manage and protect after lacebark pine plant
Weeding：
Annual 6, the equal weeding of September part, loosen the soil once, winter carries out expansion disk, and running into arid season should water in good time；
Fertilising：
Lacebark pine is less demanding to fertility, the unsuitable excessive and overrich of fertilising, can otherwise make branch excessive growth, and needle is elongated, harm
Hinder ornamental value.Lacebark pine fertilising will in a small amount repeatedly thin fertilizer be gently applied preferably, takes Chun Shi and Qiu Shi, so can be accelerated as soon as possible white
The growth of skin pine tree seedling；Start within the 3rd year after plant fertilising, in annual May-July, apply urea 1-2 time, every plant of 40g-50 g, November
Part applies once-combined fertilizer, every plant of 40g-60 g；
Prune：
Bad to crown type after plantation 5-6, undershoot is more can suitably to be pruned with close, within intensity 20%；
8th, disease pest rat plague control
Lacebark pine pest and disease damage mainly has lacebark pine needle cast fungi, plague of rats etc.；
Lacebark pine needle cast fungi：There is yellowish color spot in 1～2 year raw needle of harm, the initial stage, gradually becomes yellowish-brown or brown disease
Spot, causes fallen leaves or dead leaf when serious.Prevention and controls：1st, strictly quarantine during outplanting, it is found that sick seedling will be eliminated；When the 2nd, transplanting
It is never deep to plant；3rd, remove and buried or burn the sick leaf of landing, reduce cause of disease；4th, the 5-6 months, to tree crown sprinkling equivalent formula 200
Times Bordeaux mixture or enemy's power take off 1200 times of liquid, every 20 days 1 time, spray 2 times altogether；5th, remove in lacebark pine root growth area miscellaneous
Deng；6th, Jing often loosens the soil and applies fertilizer, it is to avoid the hardening soil；
The plague of rats：Based on Myospalax fontanieri(Milne-Edwards) harm, treelet before harm life in 10 years gnaws lacebark pine root system, causes whole strain dead
Die.The hazard boom phase is 4～May, 9～October.Prevention and controls：1st, chemicals preventing and treating, mainly from zokor spirit, gram mouse star two
Medicine is planted, also can use zinc phosphide to mix potato block or green onion carries out being thrown in rat hole；Method is found, judges rat hole in preventing and treating area,
Zokor spirit or 5 or so, gram mouse star are thrown in the rat hole one or both sides hole excavated out at 30cm, then seals hole, adhere to throwing throughout the year
Put medicine.The apparatuses such as the 2nd, manual catching and killing's preventing and treating, employing elastic force ground arrow, bow and arrow are catched and killed, and method is to find rat hole, is excavating hole
Arrow is catched and killed in placement at the 20cm of top, then lives hole with grave, using the method trapping in the stifled hole of the habits such as the afraid of the wind, water of zokor；
9th, commercial seedling is emerged
Through the meticulous culture of 8-10, grow tall substantially to 1.5-2.0 rice, now can emerge.Nursery stock wood will be wanted
Selected, selected nursery stock not damaged, the nursery stock of no disease and pests harm；Simultaneously it is noted that maturity, will select branch epidermis smooth, new
Fresh, little moisture loss, without the good nursery stock of elephant skin, maturity.It is certain it is noted that retaining 40 centimetres of lateral root, nursery stock must be with soil ball during lifting
Transplanting.Soil ball standard is 8-10 times of bottom footpath, is packed, transports and is transplanted with straw rope.During transport, plant, also to prevent
Damage；Ying Suiqi, with plant, shortens the nursery stock exposed phase with fortune.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method that lacebark pine Evergreen garden plant is cultivated in semiarid zone mountain region, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
First, plantation measures
Select soil not hardened in semiarid zone, not ponding, subacidity to alkalescence, pH value between 6.5-8.0, height above sea level
800m-1200m, the native tor or loess hill field planting below 25 degree of the gradient；
2nd, afforestation and soil preparation
Method of soil preparation：Select Schattenseite, half Schattenseite, more than 50 centimetres of soil thickness, well-drained hillside fields, in afforestation the previous year rain
Season or autumn carry out finishing ground；
Land preparation mode：Level-terrace site preparation, reaches the purpose of water conservation, soil conservation, fertilizer conservation；
Level-terrace site preparation method：On domatic from top to bottom, every 2～3 meters, terrace is built along contour, terrace width is with slope
Spend size and become, soft terrace width, on the contrary narrow, 1～1.5 meter of terrace width；The hole that plants trees is dug in the middle of contour bench, diameter is cheated
It is deep 40 centimetres for 50 centimetres, table earthen backfill；
3rd, the density of plantation
Seeding row spacing adopts 2m × 2m or 2m × 3m；
4th, lacebark pine nursery stock specification
Using the nutritive cube nursery stock of 2+2；
5th, Afforestation Time
Spring afforestation or Raining season wooding；
Spring soil thaws to more than 40 centimetres depth, starts to be afforested during bleeding, or according to various places weather conditions, using rainy season
Afforestation；
6th, method for planting
Nursery stock shifts to an earlier date two days and pours once permeable, and nutritive cube or polybag are removed during plant will be put in hole with soil container seedling, surrounding
Fine earth is filled out, is stood solid with their feet, planting depth is defined by container bag top with ground level；
7th, manage and protect after lacebark pine plant
Weeding；
Annual 6, the equal weeding of September part, loosen the soil once, winter carries out expansion disk, and running into arid season should water in good time；
Fertilising；
Lacebark pine fertilising will in a small amount repeatedly thin fertilizer be gently applied, and takes Chun Shi and Qiu Shi, starts within the 3rd year after plant to apply fertilizer, and annual May-
In July, urea 1-2 time is applied, every plant of 40g-50g, November applies once-combined fertilizer, every plant of 40g-60g；
8th, disease pest rat plague control is done to lacebark pine
9th, commercial seedling is emerged
Grew through 8 ~ 10 years, sapling highly reaches 1.5-2.0 rice, now can emerge.
2. the method that lacebark pine Evergreen garden plant is cultivated in semiarid zone mountain region as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that white
Skin pine pest and disease damage mainly has lacebark pine needle cast fungi, the plague of rats；
Lacebark pine needle cast fungi prevention and controls：（1）, outplanting when strictly quarantine, find sick seedling to eliminate；（2）, plant when never
It is deep to plant；（3）, remove and buried or burn the sick leaf of landing, reduce pathogeny；（4）, the 5-6 months, to tree crown sprinkling equivalent formula 200
Times Bordeaux mixture or enemy's power take off 1200 times of liquid, every 20 days 1 time, spray 2 times altogether；（5）, remove in lacebark pine root growth area it is miscellaneous
Grass；（6）, Jing often loosens the soil and applies fertilizer, it is to avoid the hardening soil；
Based on Myospalax fontanieri(Milne-Edwards) harm, treelet before harm life in 10 years, the hazard boom phase is 4～May, 9～October to the plague of rats；Preventing and treating
Method：（1）, chemicals preventing and treating, mainly from zokor spirit, two kinds of medicines of gram mouse star, also can use zinc phosphide to mix potato block or green onion
Carry out being thrown in rat hole；Method is found, rat hole is judged, at 30cm in the rat hole one or both sides hole excavated out in preventing and treating area
Zokor spirit or 5 or so, gram mouse star are thrown in, then seals hole, adhere to throwing in medicine throughout the year；（2）, manual catching and killing preventing and treating, using elastic force
Ground arrow, bow and arrow apparatus are catched and killed, and method is to find rat hole, and arrow is catched and killed in the placement at 20cm above excavation hole, then lives hole with grave
Mouthful, the method trapping in, water habit stifled hole afraid of the wind using zokor.
3. the method that lacebark pine Evergreen garden plant is cultivated in semiarid zone mountain region as claimed in claim 1 or 2, its feature exists
In, when commercial seedling is emerged, nursery stock wood to be selected, select nursery stock not damaged, the nursery stock of no disease and pests harm；While it is noted that
Maturity, will select smooth, fresh branch epidermis, little moisture loss, without the good nursery stock of elephant skin, maturity；Retain lateral root 40 during lifting
Centimetre, nursery stock must be with ball transplanting；Soil ball standard is 8-10 times of bottom footpath, is packed, transports and is transplanted with straw rope；Transport,
During plant, also to prevent from damaging；Ying Suiqi, with plant, shortens the nursery stock exposed phase with fortune.
4. the method that lacebark pine Evergreen garden plant is cultivated in semiarid zone mountain region as claimed in claim 1 or 2, its feature exists
In also including shearing procedure in managing and protecting after lacebark pine plant：In order to cultivate good crown type, after plantation 5-6, to crown type not
Good, undershoot is more can suitably to be pruned with close, within intensity 20%.
5. the method that lacebark pine Evergreen garden plant is cultivated in semiarid zone mountain region as claimed in claim 1 or 2, its feature exists
In in step 2, each tree well applies 10 kilograms of decomposed manures.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510034464.9A CN104620811B (en) | 2015-01-23 | 2015-01-23 | Method for cultivating landscaping white bark pines in mountainous area of semi-arid region |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510034464.9A CN104620811B (en) | 2015-01-23 | 2015-01-23 | Method for cultivating landscaping white bark pines in mountainous area of semi-arid region |
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| CN102318479A (en) * | 2011-07-27 | 2012-01-18 | 句容市仑山花木场 | A kind of southern domestication and breeding method of white bark pine |
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| CN103947501A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-07-30 | 徐华龙 | High-yield afforestation planting method of high-quality milk jujube |
| CN104255386A (en) * | 2014-09-11 | 2015-01-07 | 徐华龙 | Method for fast-growing high-yield afforestation of hackberries |
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| CN102318479A (en) * | 2011-07-27 | 2012-01-18 | 句容市仑山花木场 | A kind of southern domestication and breeding method of white bark pine |
| CN103907467A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-07-09 | 徐华龙 | Cultivation method of good-quality zelkova schneideriana seedlings |
| CN103947501A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-07-30 | 徐华龙 | High-yield afforestation planting method of high-quality milk jujube |
| CN104255386A (en) * | 2014-09-11 | 2015-01-07 | 徐华龙 | Method for fast-growing high-yield afforestation of hackberries |
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Inventor after: Kuang Li Gang Inventor after: Zhao Yuming Inventor after: Pei Shuanwei Inventor after: Yu Guanghe Inventor after: Wang Hongxing Inventor after: Zhang Wanxia Inventor before: Kuang Li Gang Inventor before: Zhao Yuming Inventor before: Pei Shuanwei Inventor before: Yu Guanghe Inventor before: Wang Hongxing Inventor before: Zhang Wanxia |
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