CN104614249B - Pressure chamber testing device and testing method for monitoring rock breaking multivariate precursory information - Google Patents
Pressure chamber testing device and testing method for monitoring rock breaking multivariate precursory information Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种监测岩石破坏多元前兆信息的压力室试验装置及实验方法，包括压力室，压力室进行防渗漏密封设计；压力室与上压盘传力柱系统相连，压力室内设有试样和监测元件，监测元件连接压力室外的数据收集设备，压力室内的试样与上压盘传力柱系统相接，上压盘传力柱系统与压力室的顶盖相连；试样的底部连接有压水管；压力室底部为基座，基座内设有围压水进水管道连通至压力室室体。本发明解决了岩石在围压与水压共同作用下室内试验压力室的问题，实现了岩石破坏全过程的可视化。同时将渗压、声发射和电阻率传感器布设在试样上，监测岩石在水压与围压作用下破坏前兆信息的演化规律，实现了在水压作用下岩石破坏多元前兆信息的监测。
The invention discloses a pressure chamber test device and method for monitoring multi-component precursory information of rock failure. The sample and the monitoring element, the monitoring element is connected to the data collection equipment outside the pressure chamber, the sample in the pressure chamber is connected to the upper pressure plate force transmission column system, and the upper pressure plate force transmission column system is connected to the top cover of the pressure chamber; The bottom is connected with a pressurized water pipe; the bottom of the pressure chamber is a base, and the base is provided with a confining pressurized water inlet pipe connected to the body of the pressure chamber. The invention solves the problem of the indoor test pressure chamber of the rock under the joint action of the confining pressure and the water pressure, and realizes the visualization of the whole process of rock destruction. At the same time, the osmotic pressure, acoustic emission and resistivity sensors are arranged on the sample to monitor the evolution law of the rock failure precursor information under the action of water pressure and confining pressure, and realize the monitoring of multiple precursor information of rock failure under the action of water pressure.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及本发明涉及一种室内试验压力室装置，尤其是一种用于监测在水压作用下岩石破坏多元前兆信息的压力室试验装置。The present invention relates to an indoor test pressure chamber device, in particular to a pressure chamber test device for monitoring multiple precursor information of rock failure under the action of water pressure.
背景技术Background technique
随着我国隧道及地下工程的飞速发展，隧道及地下工程的规模不断扩大，埋深不断增加，越来越多的工程转移到西南岩溶山区。受地下水体及岩溶影响，隧道发生突水突泥事故不断增加，因而造成大量的人员伤亡与财产损失。大量的工程案例表明，在突水突泥等地质灾害发生前一定会表现出各种不同的前兆信息，通过对前兆信息的准确捕捉与辨识，充分掌握前兆信息的演化规律，可以有效预报灾害的发生，避免人员伤亡和财产损失。其中，通过室内试验对在水压作用下岩石破坏多元前兆信息的监测研究为研究工程中发生突涌灾害提供理论基础。With the rapid development of tunnels and underground projects in China, the scale of tunnels and underground projects continues to expand, and the buried depth continues to increase. More and more projects are transferred to the karst mountainous areas in southwest China. Affected by groundwater and karst, water and mud inrush accidents in tunnels are increasing, resulting in a large number of casualties and property losses. A large number of engineering cases show that various precursory information will appear before geological disasters such as water and mud inrush occur. By accurately capturing and identifying precursory information and fully grasping the evolution law of precursory information, disasters can be effectively predicted. occur, avoiding personal injury and property damage. Among them, the monitoring research on the multivariate precursor information of rock failure under the action of water pressure through laboratory tests provides a theoretical basis for the study of inrush disasters in engineering.
室内试验是进行精细化测试的有效手段，通过研究实际工程中急需解决的关键问题与理论假设，得到研究对象内涵的演化规律来指导施工。传统的岩石破坏信息监测难以满足工程项目在复杂地质条件下的研究要求，监测项目单一，无法同时实现单轴、三轴(σ2＝σ3)受力状态；同时，未研究岩石在受高地应力及高水压双重作用下发生破坏所释放的前兆信息；缺乏对试样内部渗压的精确测试。Indoor test is an effective means of refined testing. By studying the key problems and theoretical assumptions that need to be solved urgently in actual engineering, the evolution law of the connotation of the research object can be obtained to guide the construction. Traditional rock failure information monitoring is difficult to meet the research requirements of engineering projects under complex geological conditions. The monitoring project is single and cannot simultaneously realize the stress state of uniaxial and triaxial (σ 2 =σ 3 ). Precursor information released by failure under the dual action of stress and high water pressure; lack of accurate test of the internal osmotic pressure of the sample.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为克服上述现有技术的不足，提供了在水压作用下岩石破坏多元前兆信息监测室内试验的压力室装置，该装置集声发射、电阻率和渗压监测为一体缩短了试验时间，加强了试验过程中数据采集的精确性；同时满足了试样在单轴与三轴(σ2＝σ3)受力条件下的试验研究；设计了适用于本试验压力室的试样规格，有利于营造高压水对岩石试样的作用；试样实现了试样与围压水、压力室与外界的密封性，真实模拟了在底部水压力作用下岩石破坏的全过程。The object of the present invention is to overcome above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, provide the pressure chamber device of multivariate precursor information monitoring laboratory test of rock failure under the action of water pressure, this device integrates acoustic emission, resistivity and osmotic pressure monitoring and shortens The test time strengthens the accuracy of data collection during the test; at the same time, it meets the test research of the sample under uniaxial and triaxial (σ 2 =σ 3 ) stress conditions; the test pressure chamber suitable for this test is designed. The sample specification is conducive to creating the effect of high-pressure water on the rock sample; the sample realizes the sealing between the sample and the confining water, the pressure chamber and the outside world, and truly simulates the whole process of rock destruction under the action of bottom water pressure.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用下述技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
监测岩石破坏多元前兆信息的压力室试验装置，包括压力室，压力室进行防渗漏密封设计；所述压力室与上压盘传力柱系统相连，所述压力室内设有试样和监测元件，所述监测元件连接压力室外的数据收集设备，所述压力室内的试样与上压盘传力柱系统相接，所述上压盘传力柱系统与压力室的顶盖相连，连接处设有密封元件；所述试样的底部连接有压水管，连接处设有密封元件；所述压力室底部为基座，所述基座内设有围压水进水管连通至压力室室体，所述基座的另一侧设有数据收集孔，所述监测元件通过数据收集孔进行采集信息的收集与分析。A pressure chamber test device for monitoring multivariate precursor information of rock failure, including a pressure chamber, which is designed to be leak-proof and sealed; the pressure chamber is connected to the upper pressure plate force transmission column system, and the pressure chamber is equipped with samples and monitoring components , the monitoring element is connected to the data collection equipment outside the pressure chamber, the sample in the pressure chamber is connected to the upper pressure plate force transmission column system, and the upper pressure plate force transmission column system is connected to the top cover of the pressure chamber, the connection A sealing element is provided; the bottom of the sample is connected with a pressurized water pipe, and a sealing element is provided at the connection; the bottom of the pressure chamber is a base, and the base is provided with a confining pressurized water inlet pipe connected to the body of the pressure chamber , the other side of the base is provided with a data collection hole, and the monitoring component collects and analyzes the collected information through the data collection hole.
所述压力室为透明压力室，由钢化玻璃材料制成，厚度为20mm，强度和刚度较大，透明可视。The pressure chamber is a transparent pressure chamber made of toughened glass material with a thickness of 20 mm, high strength and rigidity, and transparent and visible.
所述压力室的顶盖和基座设有凹槽与压力室的室体进行咬合拼接，凹槽拼接位置设置高强防水粘性物质，增强了压力室的密封性。The top cover and the base of the pressure chamber are provided with grooves for occlusal splicing with the body of the pressure chamber, and high-strength waterproof viscous substances are arranged at the splicing positions of the grooves to enhance the sealing of the pressure chamber.
所述试样为圆柱体，试样的底部钻孔，钻孔的尺寸不同，以此模拟在不同注水量作用下岩石试样的破裂情况，采集不同注水量条件下岩样破裂多场信息。The sample is a cylinder, and the bottom of the sample is drilled with different sizes to simulate the cracking of the rock sample under different water injection rates, and collect multi-field information on rock sample rupture under different water injection rates.
所述监测元件包括声发射传感器、电阻率传感器和渗压传感器，所述声发射传感器和电阻率传感器设置在试样侧壁上，并做好防水防爆措施；所述渗压传感器设于试样的内部。The monitoring element includes an acoustic emission sensor, a resistivity sensor and an osmotic pressure sensor. The acoustic emission sensor and the resistivity sensor are arranged on the side wall of the sample, and waterproof and explosion-proof measures are taken; the osmotic pressure sensor is arranged on the sample internal.
所述渗压传感器采用微型渗压传感器，保证岩石试样的结构完整性。The osmotic pressure sensor adopts a miniature osmotic pressure sensor to ensure the structural integrity of the rock sample.
所述数据收集孔处采用高强防水粘性物质粘接，进行密封。The data collection hole is bonded and sealed with a high-strength waterproof viscous substance.
所述试样外壁上包裹有热缩管，以此隔绝围压介质入渗，影响试验效果。The outer wall of the sample is wrapped with a heat-shrinkable tube to isolate the infiltration of the confining pressure medium and affect the test effect.
所述压力室的顶部设有排气阀。排气阀在进行三轴(σ2＝σ3)试验前排尽压力室内空气，在进行三轴试验时关闭排气阀。The top of the pressure chamber is provided with an exhaust valve. The exhaust valve exhausts the air in the pressure chamber before the triaxial (σ 2 =σ 3 ) test, and closes the exhaust valve during the triaxial test.
利用压力室试验装置进行实验，包括以下步骤：The experiment is carried out using the pressure chamber test device, including the following steps:
步骤1：首先进行试样的安放，试样顶部和底部涂抹少量黄油，以减小端部摩擦；Step 1: First place the sample, apply a small amount of butter on the top and bottom of the sample to reduce end friction;
步骤2：将监测元件进行布设，并从数据收集孔处将数据线引出，然后采用高强防水玻璃胶粘接，进行密封；Step 2: Lay out the monitoring components, lead out the data line from the data collection hole, and then use high-strength waterproof glass glue to seal it;
步骤3：将压力室顶盖穿过上压盘传力柱系统，沿压力室顶盖的凹槽和基座的凹槽安放透明压力室，并采用高强防水玻璃胶粘接；Step 3: Put the top cover of the pressure chamber through the force transmission column system of the upper platen, place the transparent pressure chamber along the groove of the top cover of the pressure chamber and the groove of the base, and glue it with high-strength waterproof glass glue;
步骤4：最后完成室内试验压力室的安装，接入有压水管深入试样内部，在基座内部布设围压水进水管。Step 4: Finally, the installation of the indoor test pressure chamber is completed, the pressurized water pipe is connected to the inside of the sample, and the confining water inlet pipe is arranged inside the base.
进行单轴试验时，所述步骤4中围压水进水管处于关闭状态。When performing the uniaxial test, the confining water inlet pipe in step 4 is closed.
进行三轴试验时，所述步骤4中，打开围压水进水管，构造试样的围压σ2＝σ3。When performing the triaxial test, in step 4, open the confining pressure water inlet pipe to construct the confining pressure σ 2 =σ 3 of the sample.
本发明的压力室试验装置可实现单轴和三轴(σ2＝σ3)试验，单轴试验过程中关闭围压水进水孔，试样不存在水的围压作用。三轴(σ2＝σ3)条件下的围压水，在基座处留存围压水的进水管，进水管与基座采用高强防水玻璃胶进行防渗漏密封处理。The pressure chamber test device of the present invention can realize uniaxial and triaxial (σ 2 =σ 3 ) tests. During the uniaxial test, the confining pressure water inlet hole is closed, and the sample does not have the effect of confining pressure of water. For confining water under triaxial (σ 2 =σ 3 ) conditions, the water inlet pipe of the confining water is reserved at the base, and the water inlet pipe and the base are sealed with high-strength waterproof glass glue for anti-leakage.
本发明的压力室试验装置解决了岩石在围压与水压共同作用下室内试验压力室的问题，实现了岩石破坏全过程的可视化。同时将渗压、声发射和电阻率传感器布设在试样上，监测岩石在水压与围压作用下破坏前兆信息的演化规律，实现了在水压作用下岩石破坏多元前兆信息的监测。试验过程更加真实可信，试验结果与实际工程更加接近。具有以下优点：The pressure chamber testing device of the present invention solves the problem of indoor testing of the pressure chamber under the joint action of confining pressure and water pressure on rocks, and realizes the visualization of the whole process of rock destruction. At the same time, the osmotic pressure, acoustic emission and resistivity sensors are arranged on the sample to monitor the evolution law of the rock failure precursor information under the action of water pressure and confining pressure, and realize the monitoring of multiple precursor information of rock failure under the action of water pressure. The test process is more authentic and credible, and the test results are closer to the actual project. Has the following advantages:
1、压力室选用高强度的透明材料，能够增强试验过程的可视化，实现试验过程的直观观测，有利于提高试验过程的准确性，保证试验结果的精确度；1. The pressure chamber is made of high-strength transparent materials, which can enhance the visualization of the test process and realize the intuitive observation of the test process, which is conducive to improving the accuracy of the test process and ensuring the accuracy of the test results;
2、压力室选用刚度较大的钢化玻璃材料，采用高强防水玻璃胶粘接，能够保证压力室的密封性；2. The pressure chamber is made of toughened glass material with high rigidity, which is bonded with high-strength waterproof glass glue, which can ensure the tightness of the pressure chamber;
3、试验系统合理设计多种防水密封手段，根据装置性能，在不同部位充分发挥各种防水材料的优势；尤其根据密封要求，设计了应用于反复伸缩位置的滑动密封方法，能够保证压力室使用过程的密封性；3. A variety of waterproof sealing methods are reasonably designed for the test system. According to the performance of the device, the advantages of various waterproof materials are fully utilized in different parts; especially according to the sealing requirements, a sliding sealing method applied to the repeated expansion and contraction position is designed to ensure the use of the pressure chamber Process tightness;
4、采用高强防水玻璃胶粘接，将安装好的进水孔与数据收集孔进行密封，用料简单、方法实用，降低了生产成本。4. Use high-strength waterproof glass glue to seal the installed water inlet and data collection holes. The materials are simple and the method is practical, which reduces the production cost.
5、整个压力室的构造清晰，整体质量较轻，减少了设备在移动过程中的难度。5. The structure of the entire pressure chamber is clear, and the overall weight is light, which reduces the difficulty of moving the equipment.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的压力室实验装置的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of pressure chamber experiment device of the present invention;
图2为试样的纵剖面示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic longitudinal section of the sample;
图3a为横截面为10mm×10mm的试样的横剖面示意图；Figure 3a is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sample with a cross-section of 10mm x 10mm;
图3b为横截面为10mm×15mm的试样的横剖面示意图；Figure 3b is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sample with a cross-section of 10mm x 15mm;
图3c为横截面为10mm×20mm的试样的横剖面示意图；Figure 3c is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sample with a cross-section of 10mm x 20mm;
图中，1.上压盘传力柱系统；2.排气阀；3.O型密封圈；4.压力室顶盖；5.钢化玻璃；6.渗压传感器；7.电阻率传感器；8.声发射传感器；9.有压水管；10.围压水进水孔；11.数据收集孔；12.压力室底部基座；13.热缩管；A为试样。In the figure, 1. Upper pressure plate force transmission column system; 2. Exhaust valve; 3. O-shaped sealing ring; 4. Pressure chamber top cover; 5. Tempered glass; 6. Osmotic pressure sensor; 7. Resistivity sensor; 8. Acoustic emission sensor; 9. Pressurized water pipe; 10. Confining water inlet hole; 11. Data collection hole; 12. Base at the bottom of the pressure chamber; 13. Heat shrinkable tube; A is the sample.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
如图1所示，用于监测在水压作用下岩石破坏多元前兆信息的压力室试验装置，包括透明的压力室，压力室包括压力室顶盖4、钢化玻璃5、基座12，压力室采用高强防水玻璃胶粘接；上压盘1与压力室顶盖4相连，二者采用O型密封圈进行滑动式密封处理；上压盘1与试样A相接，试样A顶部与底部涂抹部分黄油；试样A的底部采用O型密封圈进行密封，防止有压水渗漏，围压水通过围压水进水孔10进入压力室；声发射传感器8、电阻率传感器7和渗压传感器6分别布设到试样A中，前兆信息采集数据线通过数据收集孔11连接外部设备；有压水管9连接基座12处的接头，提供高压水。试样在进行单轴压缩试验时关闭围压水进水孔10，进行三轴(σ2＝σ3)试验时，试样A采用热缩管13进行防水，注水时打开排气阀2，当注满时关闭排气阀2。渗压传感器6、电阻率传感器7、声发射传感器8分别采用埋入和粘黏的方式，布设在试样A中。As shown in Figure 1, the pressure chamber test device used to monitor the multiple precursor information of rock failure under the action of water pressure includes a transparent pressure chamber, and the pressure chamber includes a pressure chamber top cover 4, tempered glass 5, base 12, pressure chamber It is bonded with high-strength waterproof glass glue; the upper pressure plate 1 is connected with the top cover of the pressure chamber 4, and the two are sealed with an O-ring for sliding; the upper pressure plate 1 is connected with the sample A, and the top of the sample A is connected to the bottom Apply some butter; the bottom of the sample A is sealed with an O-ring to prevent pressurized water from leaking, and the confining pressure water enters the pressure chamber through the confining pressure water inlet hole 10; The pressure sensors 6 are respectively arranged in the sample A, and the precursory information collection data line is connected to the external equipment through the data collection hole 11; the pressure water pipe 9 is connected to the joint at the base 12 to provide high-pressure water. When the sample is subjected to the uniaxial compression test, the confining water inlet hole 10 is closed, and when the triaxial (σ 2 =σ 3 ) test is performed, the sample A uses the heat shrinkable tube 13 for waterproofing, and the exhaust valve 2 is opened when injecting water. Close the vent valve 2 when full. The osmotic pressure sensor 6, the resistivity sensor 7, and the acoustic emission sensor 8 are arranged in the sample A by embedding and sticking, respectively.
透明压力室，采用钢化玻璃材料制成，厚度为20mm，强度和刚度较大，透明可视。The transparent pressure chamber is made of toughened glass material with a thickness of 20mm, high strength and rigidity, transparent and visible.
如图2-图3c所示，试样为圆柱体，尺寸为Φ50mm×100mm，底部钻孔，孔深60mm，孔的横截面积(长和宽)尺寸分为10mm×10mm、10mm×15mm、10mm×20mm。As shown in Figure 2-Figure 3c, the sample is a cylinder with a size of Φ50mm×100mm, and a hole is drilled at the bottom with a depth of 60mm. The dimensions of the cross-sectional area (length and width) of the hole are divided into 10mm×10mm, 10mm×15mm, 10mm×20mm.
进行单轴压缩试验时，首先进行试样的安放，试样顶部和底部涂抹少量黄油，以减小端部摩擦，将监测元件按试验要求进行布设，并从数据收集孔处将数据线引出，然后采用高强防水玻璃胶粘接，进行密封；穿过传力柱上压盘，沿凹槽安放透明压力室，并采用高强防水玻璃胶粘接，最后完成室内试验压力室的安装，接入有压水管深入试样内部，同时围压水进水管处于关闭状态。三轴(σ2＝σ3)试验只需接入围压水，打开围压水的进水管，构造试样的围压(σ2＝σ3)。When performing a uniaxial compression test, first place the sample, apply a small amount of butter on the top and bottom of the sample to reduce end friction, arrange the monitoring components according to the test requirements, and lead the data line out from the data collection hole. Then use high-strength waterproof glass glue to bond and seal; pass through the upper pressure plate of the force transmission column, place a transparent pressure chamber along the groove, and use high-strength waterproof glass glue to bond, and finally complete the installation of the indoor test pressure chamber and connect it to the The pressurized water pipe goes deep into the sample, while the confining pressurized water inlet pipe is closed. The triaxial (σ 2 =σ 3 ) test only needs to connect the confining pressure water, open the inlet pipe of the confining pressure water, and construct the confining pressure of the sample (σ 2 =σ 3 ).
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。Although the specific implementation of the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it does not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay creative work Various modifications or variations that can be made are still within the protection scope of the present invention.
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