CN104588654A - Processing method of flaky or rivet type silver nickel tungsten electric contact materials - Google Patents
Processing method of flaky or rivet type silver nickel tungsten electric contact materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN104588654A CN104588654A CN201410840513.3A CN201410840513A CN104588654A CN 104588654 A CN104588654 A CN 104588654A CN 201410840513 A CN201410840513 A CN 201410840513A CN 104588654 A CN104588654 A CN 104588654A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a processing method of flaky or rivet type silver nickel tungsten electric contact materials. The method comprises the following concrete steps that the consumption of required tungsten trioxide powder, nickel powder and silver nitrate is calculated according to the material mixture ratio of the silver nickel tungsten electric contact materials needed to be prepared, and in addition, the consumption of sodium hydroxide is calculated, and corresponding ingredients are weighed for use; the silver nitrate is taken and is prepared into a silver nitrate solution being 20 to 40w/w percent, and the tungsten trioxide powder and the silver nitrate solution are uniformly mixed to obtain a suspension; the sodium hydroxide is taken and is prepared into a sodium hydroxide solution being 10 to 30 w/w percent, and the sodium hydroxide solution is added into the suspension for reaction; precipitates are generated; filtering is carried out, and composite powder of silver oxide and tungsten trioxide is obtained; the composite powder is washed to neutral by water; drying and roasting are carried out; the obtained silver tungsten oxide composite powder is mixed with nickel powder; the obtained silver nickel tungsten oxide mixed powder is subjected to forming and sintering; obtained billets are subjected to hot extruding processing to obtain belt materials or wire materials, then flaky or rivet type silver nickel tungsten oxide contacts are obtained after machining is carried out, and next, the flaky or rivet type silver nickel tungsten electric contact materials are obtained through reduction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the processing method of a kind of sheet or rivet type silver nickel tungsten electrical contact material, belong to field of metal matrix composite.
Background technology
Silver nickel electric contact is widely used in various low-voltage electrical apparatus owing to having the advantages such as good heat-conductivity conducting performance, low and stable contact resistance, excellent processing characteristics, but due to its resistance fusion welding can be poor, have impact on the range of application of silver-colored nickel electric contact.Study discovery through forefathers, in silver-colored nickel electric contact, add appropriate W elements greatly can improve its resistance fusion welding energy, expand the use field of silver-colored nickel electric contact.At present, the preparation method adding Addition ofelements in silver-colored nickel electric contact mainly contains powder metallurgic method and Chemical coating method two kinds.Adopt powder metallurgic method preparation simple containing the technique of the silver-colored nickel electric contact of Addition ofelements, be applicable to producing in enormous quantities, but this kind of method exists Addition ofelements problem pockety; Adopt Chemical coating method preparation even containing the metallographic structure of the silver-colored nickel electric contact of Addition ofelements, high comprehensive performance, but in preparation process, need the noxious material that uses human body and bad environmental, and production cost is higher, is not suitable for industrial production.How under the prerequisite of protection of the environment, not obvious increase cost, prepare the silver-colored nickel material containing Addition ofelements of high comprehensive performance and even tissue, become difficult point and the focus of research at present.
Through retrieving prior art, publication number is the preparation method that the patent of invention of CN102800513A discloses a kind of used as electric contacts silver nickel material, specifically the nickel powder after reduction is placed in the mixed solution of one or more of zinc salt, mantoquita, silver salt, lanthanum salt, one or more utilizing chemical reaction to make in simple substance zinc, elemental copper, elemental silver or simple substance lanthanum are coated on nickel powder on the surface, then by the cleaning of coated good nickel powder, dry after to carry out with silver powder and the micro-metal oxide added mixing, sieve, shaping, finally obtain electrical contact material.This invention, by comprising one deck as silver and the transition metal contacting bridge between nickel on nickel powder surface, improves the combination interface between silver and nickel, and the silver-colored nickel material that gained silver nickel material is produced compared with conventional method has better performance.But in this patent, trace meter oxide adds with the form of mixed powder, can cause metal oxide skewness in silver-colored Ni substrate material, thus affect the service life of contact material.
In addition, publication number is that the patent of invention of CN103710564A discloses a kind of preparation method containing additive silver nickel electric contact material.First compound containing Addition ofelements is made solution by the method, then join in silver powder or nickel powder and obtain composite mortar, composite mortar is dried, broken, sieve after mix with nickel powder or silver powder, after the processing such as isostatic pressed, sintering, extruding, obtain electrical contact material.In the described technical scheme of this invention, described composite mortar likely can cause the precipitation of Addition ofelements on silver powder or nickel powder matrix to produce segregation in drying course because the speed that evaporates is uneven, cause Addition ofelements to be reunited, thus make the skewness of Addition ofelements in silver-colored nickel electric contact tissue.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide the processing method of a kind of technique is simple, additive is evenly distributed in matrix material sheet or rivet type silver nickel tungsten electrical contact material, and silver-colored nickel tungsten electrical contact material obtained by this method metallographic structure is more even, electrical property is better.
The processing method of sheet of the present invention or rivet type silver nickel tungsten electrical contact material, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) calculate according to the material mixture ratio of the silver-colored nickel tungsten electrical contact of required preparation needed for the consumption of anhydrous wolframic acid powder, nickel powder and silver nitrate, and the consumption of the NaOH needed for silver oxide is generated according to the Dosage calculation silver nitrate of silver nitrate and NaOH reaction, take for subsequent use; Get silver nitrate is made into 20 ~ 40w/w% liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus by water-soluble solution, anhydrous wolframic acid powder and liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus are placed in reactor, stir, obtain the suspension containing silver nitrate and tungstic acid;
2) get NaOH is made into 10 ~ 30w/w% sodium hydroxide solution by water-soluble solution, join step 1) stirring reaction in the suspension of gained, there is precipitation to generate, filter, obtain the composite powder of silver oxide and tungstic acid;
3) silver oxide of gained and the composite powder of tungstic acid are washed to neutrality, carry out roasting after drying, pulverizing, then pulverize, obtain silver-colored tungsten oxide composite powder;
4) the silver-colored tungsten oxide composite powder of gained and nickel powder are carried out mixed powder, obtain silver-colored nickel tungsten oxide mixed powder;
5) gained silver nickel tungsten oxide mixed powder isostatic compaction, and then be placed in protective atmosphere and sinter, obtain silver-colored nickel tungsten oxide billet;
6) gained silver nickel tungsten oxide billet in protective atmosphere through hot extrusion be processed into band or wire rod, after through Rolling compund or drawing, then through punch process or rivet driver processing, obtain sheet or rivet type silver nickel tungsten oxide contact material;
7) gained sheet or rivet type silver nickel tungsten oxide contact material are placed in reducing atmosphere to reduce, namely obtain sheet or rivet type silver nickel tungsten electrical contact material.
The present invention is obtained by reacting the composite powder of silver oxide and tungstic acid, due to the density (7.16g/cm of anhydrous wolframic acid powder with NaOH and the silver nitrate suspension containing anhydrous wolframic acid powder
3) and react the silver oxide (7.143g/cm generated
3) density be close, anhydrous wolframic acid powder and silver oxide thus can be made to be mixed to get evenly, anhydrous wolframic acid powder is more evenly distributed in silver oxide matrix, effectively improves the phenomenon pockety of Addition ofelements in prior art; On the other hand, gained silver nickel tungsten oxide contact is further refinement tungsten particle in the process being reduced into silver-colored nickel tungsten contact, make that W elements distribution is in the base more even, disperse, thus make gained silver nickel tungsten electrical contact material have uniform metallographic structure, and then there is excellent electrical property.
The step 1 of said method) in, in silver-colored nickel tungsten electrical contact material prepared by described needs, W content is 0.1 ~ 8wt%, and nickel content is 1 ~ 30wt%, and surplus is silver; The preferred W content that is chosen as is 1 ~ 2wt%, and nickel content is 10 ~ 20wt%, and surplus is silver.In this step, described anhydrous wolframic acid powder adopts particle mean size to be the anhydrous wolframic acid powder of 1 ~ 10 μm usually, preferably adopts particle mean size to be the powder of 2 ~ 3 μm; Described nickel powder adopts granularity to be the nickel powder of below-100 orders usually; Preferably silver nitrate is mixed with the liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus of 30 ~ 40w/w%, is more preferably the liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus being mixed with 30 ~ 35w/w%, the metallographic structure of gained electrical contact material can be made so more even.In this step, the consumption of NaOH is generally 4/17 ~ 5/17 of silver nitrate consumption, is more preferably 4.4/17.
The step 2 of said method) in, the speed that adds of described sodium hydroxide solution is preferably 0.1 ~ 1L/min; The concentration of described sodium hydroxide solution is preferably 15 ~ 25w/w%, and the metallographic structure of gained electrical contact material can be made so more even.In this step, stirring reaction carries out usually under normal temperature condition, and the time of stirring reaction is generally 0.3 ~ 1h.
The step 3 of said method) in, operation that is dry and that pulverize is same as the prior art, and in the application, preferably drying is until dry the composite powder of silver oxide and tungstic acid under 100 ~ 150 DEG C of conditions, usually needs the time of 12 ~ 18h; Normally the composite powder pulverizing of dried silver oxide and tungstic acid is crossed 100 ~ 200 eye mesh screens afterwards, extracting screen underflow enters next process.In this step, described roasting is roasting 2 ~ 6h under 400 ~ 500 DEG C of temperature conditions normally, then pulverizes (at least crossing 100 mesh sieves), obtains silver-colored tungsten oxide composite powder.
The step 4 of said method) in, the mixed powder of described silver-colored tungsten oxide composite powder and nickel powder operates same as the prior art, normally carries out at V-type blender or double cone mixer, preferably under rotating speed is the condition of 20 ~ 40r/min, stirs 2 ~ 4h.
The step 5 of said method) in, described isostatic compaction is identical with existing routine operation with sintering operation, and particularly, the briquetting pressure of isostatic compaction is generally 100 ~ 150MPa; Described protective atmosphere is generally vacuum, nitrogen or inert atmosphere, normally the pressed compact after isostatic compaction is placed in protective atmosphere and sinters 4 ~ 8h under 880 ~ 920 DEG C of temperature conditions, to obtain silver-colored nickel tungsten oxide billet.
The step 6 of said method) in, described protective atmosphere is generally vacuum, nitrogen or inert atmosphere.Described hot extrusion operation is identical with existing routine operation, and particularly, the temperature of hot extrusion is generally 750 ~ 900 DEG C, and extrusion ratio is 10 ~ 300.When band is processed in the hot extrusion of silver-colored nickel tungsten oxide billet, gained band in protective atmosphere through repeatedly Rolling compund, to be annealed to after required size through punch ram, obtain sheet silver nickel tungsten oxide contact material.When wire rod is processed in the hot extrusion of silver-colored nickel tungsten oxide billet, gained wire rod in protective atmosphere through repeatedly drawing, to be annealed to after required size through rivet driver processing, obtain rivet type silver nickel tungsten oxide contact material.
The step 7 of said method) in, described reducing atmosphere is generally hydrogen atmosphere, normally the sheet obtained or rivet type silver nickel tungsten oxide contact material are placed in hydrogen atmosphere under 600 ~ 900 DEG C of temperature conditions, reduces 8 ~ 15h, to obtain sheet or rivet type silver-colored nickel tungsten electrical contact material.
Compared with prior art, feature of the present invention is:
1, the present invention is obtained by reacting the composite powder of silver oxide and tungstic acid, due to the density (7.16g/cm of anhydrous wolframic acid powder with NaOH and the silver nitrate suspension containing anhydrous wolframic acid powder
3) and react the silver oxide (7.143g/cm generated
3) density be close, anhydrous wolframic acid powder and silver oxide thus can be made to be mixed to get evenly, anhydrous wolframic acid powder is more evenly distributed in silver oxide matrix, effectively improves the phenomenon pockety of Addition ofelements in prior art; On the other hand, gained silver nickel tungsten oxide contact is further refinement tungsten particle in the process being reduced into silver-colored nickel tungsten contact, make that W elements distribution is in the base more even, disperse, thus make gained silver nickel tungsten electrical contact material have uniform metallographic structure, and then there is excellent electrical property;
2, the method for the invention technique is simple, to human body and environmental pollution little, be applicable to suitability for industrialized production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the metallographic structure figure (200 ×) of the electrical contact product that the embodiment of the present invention 1 obtains;
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure figure (200 ×) of the electrical contact product that the embodiment of the present invention 2 obtains.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, and to understand content of the present invention better, but the present invention is not limited to following examples.
Embodiment 1
1) first required anhydrous wolframic acid powder, nickel powder and silver nitrate consumption is calculated according to preparation 10kg Ag-Ni (10)-W (1.5) material mixture ratio, take anhydrous wolframic acid powder 0.189kg, nickel powder 1kg and silver nitrate 13.93kg, weighing sodium hydroxide 3.605kg again, wherein anhydrous wolframic acid powder employing particle mean size is the powder of 2 ~ 3 μm, nickel powder is-200 order nickel powders, for subsequent use; The silver nitrate taken is made into the liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus of 40w/w% by water-soluble solution, the liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus of the anhydrous wolframic acid powder taken and preparation is placed in reactor, stir (stirring 120min), obtains the suspension containing silver nitrate and tungstic acid;
2) sodium hydroxide solution that NaOH water is made into 25w/w% is got, under stirring condition, the sodium hydroxide solution (rate of addition is 0.2L/min) adding 25w/w% in the suspension of silver nitrate and tungstic acid is contained to above-mentioned, reaction 1h, obtains the composite powder of silver oxide and tungstic acid after filtration;
3) the composite powder deionized water of the above-mentioned silver oxide that is obtained by reacting and tungstic acid is washed till neutrality at centrigugal swing dryer supernatant, under 120 DEG C of temperature conditions, 10h is dried with being placed in baking oven, take out, the silver oxide of oven dry and tungstic acid composite powder are placed in broken (the rotating speed 25r/min of bipyramid blender, time 1h), gained powder is placed in potoven roasting 4h under 450 DEG C of temperature conditions, broken (the rotating speed 25r/min of bipyramid blender is placed in again after taking-up, time 1h), then cross 200 eye mesh screens, obtain silver-colored tungsten oxide composite powder;
4) the silver-colored tungsten oxide composite powder of above-mentioned gained and nickel powder are placed on bipyramid blender and carry out mixed powder (rotating speed is 25r/min, and the time is 2h), obtain silver-colored nickel tungsten oxide mixed powder;
5) gained mixed powder shaping on isostatic pressing machine (briquetting pressure is 120MPa), and the pressed compact after shaping is placed in vacuum with 880 DEG C of temperature sintering 4h, obtain silver-colored nickel tungsten oxide billet;
6) by the silver-colored nickel tungsten oxide billet of gained under nitrogen protection hot extrusion be processed into wire rod, extrusion temperature is 850 DEG C, and mold preheating temperature is 150 DEG C, and extrusion ratio is 300; Gained wire rod under nitrogen protection through repeatedly drawing, be annealed to required size after be processed into rivet type silver nickel tungsten oxide contact material with rivet driver;
7) gained rivet type silver nickel tungsten oxide contact material is placed in hydrogen atmosphere with 800 DEG C of temperature reduction 8h, namely obtains rivet type silver nickel tungsten (Ag-Ni (10)-W (1.5)) electrical contact material.
Carry out metallographic structure analysis to gained contact material, as shown in Figure 1, in Ag-Ni (10)-W (1.5) material that result display adopts technical scheme to prepare, tungsten particle is evenly distributed in silver-colored Ni substrate material.
Embodiment 2
1) first required anhydrous wolframic acid powder, nickel powder and silver nitrate consumption is calculated according to preparation 10kg Ag-Ni (15)-W (5) material mixture ratio, take anhydrous wolframic acid powder 0.63kg, nickel powder 1.5kg and silver nitrate 12.593kg, weighing sodium hydroxide 3.259kg again, wherein anhydrous wolframic acid powder employing particle mean size is the powder of 5 ~ 10 μm, nickel powder is-200 order nickel powders, for subsequent use; The silver nitrate taken is made into the liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus of 20w/w% by water-soluble solution, the liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus of the anhydrous wolframic acid powder taken and preparation is placed in reactor, stir (stirring 100min), obtains the suspension containing silver nitrate and tungstic acid;
2) sodium hydroxide solution that NaOH water is made into 30w/w% is got, under stirring condition, the sodium hydroxide solution (rate of addition is 0.6L/min) adding 30w/w% in the suspension of silver nitrate and tungstic acid is contained to above-mentioned, reaction 1h, obtains the composite powder of silver oxide and tungstic acid after filtration;
3) the composite powder deionized water of the above-mentioned silver oxide that is obtained by reacting and tungstic acid is washed till neutrality at centrigugal swing dryer supernatant, under 150 DEG C of temperature conditions, 12h is dried with being placed in baking oven, take out, the silver oxide of oven dry and tungstic acid composite powder are placed in broken (the rotating speed 25r/min of bipyramid blender, time 1h), gained powder is placed in potoven roasting 2h under 500 DEG C of temperature conditions, broken (the rotating speed 25r/min of bipyramid blender is placed in again after taking-up, time 1h), then cross 200 eye mesh screens, obtain silver-colored tungsten oxide composite powder;
4) the silver-colored tungsten oxide composite powder of above-mentioned gained and nickel powder are placed on bipyramid blender and carry out mixed powder (rotating speed is 40r/min, and the time is 2h), obtain silver-colored nickel tungsten oxide mixed powder;
5) gained mixed powder shaping on isostatic pressing machine (briquetting pressure is 150MPa), and the pressed compact after shaping is placed in vacuum with 920 DEG C of temperature sintering 8h, obtain silver-colored nickel tungsten oxide billet;
6) by the silver-colored nickel tungsten oxide billet of gained under nitrogen protection hot extrusion be processed into band, extrusion temperature is 880 DEG C, and mold preheating temperature is 150 DEG C, and extrusion ratio is 13; Gained band under nitrogen protection through Rolling compund, be annealed to required size after be processed into sheet silver nickel tungsten oxide contact material with punch ram;
7) gained sheet silver nickel tungsten oxide contact material is placed in hydrogen atmosphere with 800 DEG C of temperature reduction 15h, namely obtains sheet silver nickel tungsten (Ag-Ni (15)-W (5)) electrical contact material.
Carry out metallographic structure analysis to gained contact material, as shown in Figure 2, in Ag-Ni (15)-W (5) material that result display adopts technical scheme to prepare, tungsten particle is evenly distributed in silver-colored Ni substrate material.
Embodiment 3
Repeat the method for embodiment 1, unlike:
Step 1) in, calculate required anhydrous wolframic acid powder, nickel powder and silver nitrate consumption according to preparation 10kg Ag-Ni (30)-W (8) material mixture ratio and take for subsequent use, take appropriate NaOH for subsequent use simultaneously, wherein anhydrous wolframic acid powder employing particle mean size is the powder of 3 ~ 5 μm, nickel powder is-200 object powder, the silver nitrate taken is made into the liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus of 30w/w% by water-soluble solution;
Step 2) in, the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution is 15w/w%;
Step 5) in, the briquet after shaping is put in vacuum with 900 DEG C of temperature sintering 6h;
Step 7) in, the temperature of reduction is 900 DEG C, and the time is 12h.
Embodiment 4
Repeat the method for embodiment 2, unlike:
Step 1) in, calculate required anhydrous wolframic acid powder, nickel powder and silver nitrate consumption according to preparation 10kg Ag-Ni (1)-W (0.5) material mixture ratio and take for subsequent use, take appropriate NaOH for subsequent use simultaneously, wherein anhydrous wolframic acid powder employing particle mean size is the powder of 3 ~ 5 μm, nickel powder is-200 object powder, the silver nitrate taken is made into the liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus of 20w/w% by water-soluble solution;
Step 2) in, the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution is 10w/w%.
The contact material that embodiment 1 is obtained carries out Performance Detection, and compares with the silver-colored nickel contact product that existing routine mixes the interpolation tungsten that powder-extrusion obtains, and result is as shown in following table 1 and table 2:
Table 1 embodiment 1 and existing routine mix wire product performance prepared by powder-extrusion
Table 2 embodiment 1 and existing routine mix the electric life of rivet type contact prepared by powder-extrusion
From table 1 and table 2, the performance of silver-colored nickel tungsten contact material prepared by technical scheme is better than the silver-colored nickel contact material performance that existing routine mixes tungstenic prepared by powder-extrusion.
Claims (5)
1. a processing method for sheet or rivet type silver nickel tungsten electrical contact material, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) calculate according to the material mixture ratio of the silver-colored nickel tungsten electrical contact of required preparation needed for the consumption of anhydrous wolframic acid powder, nickel powder and silver nitrate, and the consumption of the NaOH needed for silver oxide is generated according to the Dosage calculation silver nitrate of silver nitrate and NaOH reaction, take for subsequent use; Get silver nitrate is made into 20 ~ 40w/w% liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus by water-soluble solution, anhydrous wolframic acid powder and liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus are placed in reactor, stir, obtain the suspension containing silver nitrate and tungstic acid;
2) get NaOH is made into 10 ~ 30w/w% sodium hydroxide solution by water-soluble solution, join step 1) stirring reaction in the suspension of gained, there is precipitation to generate, filter, obtain the composite powder of silver oxide and tungstic acid;
3) silver oxide of gained and the composite powder of tungstic acid are washed to neutrality, carry out roasting after drying, pulverizing, then pulverize, obtain silver-colored tungsten oxide composite powder;
4) the silver-colored tungsten oxide composite powder of gained and nickel powder are carried out mixed powder, obtain silver-colored nickel tungsten oxide mixed powder;
5) gained silver nickel tungsten oxide mixed powder isostatic compaction, and then be placed in protective atmosphere and sinter, obtain silver-colored nickel tungsten oxide billet;
6) gained silver nickel tungsten oxide billet in protective atmosphere through hot extrusion be processed into band or wire rod, after through Rolling compund or drawing, then through punch process or rivet driver processing, obtain sheet or rivet type silver nickel tungsten oxide contact material;
7) gained sheet or rivet type silver nickel tungsten oxide contact material are placed in reducing atmosphere to reduce, namely obtain sheet or rivet type silver nickel tungsten electrical contact material.
2. processing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 1) in, need in the silver-colored nickel tungsten electrical contact material of preparation, W content is 0.1 ~ 8wt%, and nickel content is 1 ~ 30wt%, and surplus is silver.
3. processing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 1) in, get silver nitrate is made into 30 ~ 40w/w% liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus by water-soluble solution.
4. processing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 1) in, the consumption of NaOH is 4/17 ~ 5/17 of silver nitrate consumption.
5. processing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 2) in, the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution is 15 ~ 25w/w%.
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