CN1045618C - 与氟弹性体相容的润滑油用多官能添加剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
与氟弹性体相容的润滑油用多官能添加剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1045618C CN1045618C CN95118707A CN95118707A CN1045618C CN 1045618 C CN1045618 C CN 1045618C CN 95118707 A CN95118707 A CN 95118707A CN 95118707 A CN95118707 A CN 95118707A CN 1045618 C CN1045618 C CN 1045618C
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M149/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amido or imido group
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
- C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
- C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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- C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M149/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amino group
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/022—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amino group
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- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/022—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amino group
- C10M2217/023—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amino group the amino group containing an ester bond
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- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/024—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amido or imido group
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- Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
Abstract
一种用于润滑油的添加剂,该添加剂是一种粘度指数改进剂,由于它具有较大的剪切稳定性和改进的低温流变行为,因而具有分散特性并有助于氟弹性体稳定。上述添加剂通过聚合特定的聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯的组合物进行制备。
Description
本发明涉及用于润滑油的添加剂,该添加剂是一种粘度指数改进剂,由于它具有较大的剪切稳定性和改进的低温流变行为,因而具有分散特性并有助于氟弹性体稳定。
氟化的弹性体通常用作内燃机中的密封垫,特别用来避免零件与引擎接触部位的燃料损失。
事实上,氟化的弹性体几乎都具有极佳的热稳定性和耐各种流体的独特组合物。然而,上述氟化的密封垫在引擎的操作条件下会被含在润滑油中的含氮组分,特别是碱性的胺浸蚀。
事实上,上述浸蚀看来一定在于碱催化的作用将氢氟酸消除而形成不饱和。就机械性能而言,由于氟弹性体的品质变坏而失去其弹性和拉伸能力,从而失去其密封能力。
在润滑油工艺领域中人所共知,粘度指数改进剂添加剂(V.I.I)能够改善不同温度的流变行为。
属于这类的添加剂是在烷基中含有足够碳原子数,使其具有油溶性的丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的烷基酯的聚合物和共聚物。
在本技术领域中众所周知,通过将含氮的共聚或接枝的单体引入油溶性聚合物,使所得产品具有分散性并提高粘度指数可以获益。
这种含氮的可共聚单体,也称为分散单体,通常选自乙烯基咪唑、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙烯基吡啶和甲基丙烯酸N,N-二烷基氨基烷基酯。
如上所述,这些聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯是有效的粘度指数改进剂和分散剂,但其缺点是与氟弹性体不相容。
为了克服这些缺点,已知技术介绍了不含氮基团而通常是羟基(-OH)或烷氧基(-OR,式中R通常是单官能的C1-C4的烷基)的V.I.I.聚合物。这些聚合物对氟弹性体完全是惰性的,然而,其分散活性显然较差。
现在,已发现一种具有分散作用的新型粘度指数改进剂-共聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯,其中同时存在含氮和氧的基团,出乎意料地可以改进聚合物的粘滞性例如机械稳定性以及冷和热增稠,虽然它含有氮化了的官能团,但仍可与氟弹性体相容。
据此,本发明涉及一种具有分散作用并与氟弹性体相容、能改进粘度指数的聚合添加剂,所述聚合添加剂基本上由共聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯组成,其特征在于它可以通过在包括以下组分的单体组合物的惰性溶剂中共聚而制得:a)具有通式(Ⅰ)CH2=C(R)-COOR1的(甲基)丙烯酸酯,其用量为0-19%(以重量计),优选0-10%,式中,R选自-H和-CH3,R1选自直链或支链的C1-C4烷基;b)具有通式(Ⅱ)CH2=C(R)-COOR2的(甲基)丙烯酸酯,其用量为85-98%(以重量计),优选88-97%(以重量计),式中,R的定义同上,R2选自具有碳原子数为6-25,优选10-20的直链或支链的烷基;c)具有通式(Ⅲ)CH2=C(R)-CO-X-R3的(甲基)丙烯酸酯,其用量为1-6%(以重量计),优选1.5-5%(以重量计),式中,R的定义同上,-X-是氧或-NH或NR4,式中R4是具有1-5个碳原子的烷基,R3选自具有碳原子总数为4-20和叔氮原子数为1-2的直链、支链或环状的烷基;d)具有通式(Ⅳ)CH2=C(R)-COOR5的(甲基)丙烯酸酯,其用量为1-9%(以重量计),优选1.5-7%(以重量计),式中,R的定义同上,R5选自具有碳原子数为2-20和羟基和/或烷氧基类的氧原子数为1-2的直链、支链或环状的烷基,术语烷氧基是指-OR6基团,式中R6是直链或支链的C1-C4烷基,组分(a)-(d)的总百分率等于100,上述聚合单体的组合物的特征还在于(d)的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的氧的当量与(c)的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的氮的当量之比为1/1和2/1之间,优选1.1/1和1.6/1之间。
关于单体(a),典型的实例是(甲基)丙烯酸酯,优选甲基丙烯酸的甲酯、乙酯、丙酯、异丙酯、正丁酯、异丁酯、叔丁酯以及有关的混合物。
在优选的实施方案中,单体(b)是直链或支链的、来源于天然和合成的、具有碳原子数为10-20的伯醇混合物的甲基丙烯酸酯。上述混合物容易在市场上买到。属于这类的是由牛脂油制得的脂肪醇(具有碳原子数为16-20,通常为17.3)、由椰子油制得的脂肪醇(具有碳原子数为10-16,通常为12.6)、合成醇例如"Dobanol25"(具有碳原子数为12-15,通常为13.5的直链和支链醇的混合物)、C12-C15,通常为13.3的直链和支链伯醇,称为"LIAL 125"。
属于这类的(甲基)丙烯酸酯(c)是这样的一些化合物,其中-X-是-O-,和R3是二烷基胺的亚烷基,特别是(甲基)丙烯酸的2-二甲氨基和2-二乙氨基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸的3-二甲基和3-二乙基氨基丙酯。其中的-X-是-NH,例如N-(二甲氨基丙酯)(甲基)丙烯酰胺的化合物也属于这一类。
属于这类的还有这样的一些单体,其中氮是杂环产物的部分,例如(甲基)丙烯酸2-(1-咪唑基)乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-(4-吗啉)乙酯、N-(3-羟丙基)-N’-甲基-哌嗪的(甲基)丙烯酸酯以及相应的酰胺。
(甲基)丙烯酸酯(d)的实例是在R5的烷基链中特别是在链末端部位上具有-OH基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯,例如(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸3-羟丙酯。同样有用的是在烷基链的2位上具有羟基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯,例如2-羟丁基和2-羟丙基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯。(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟丙酯和(甲基)丙烯酸3-羟丙酯以及有关的混合物已证明是特别有意义的。上述羟基化了的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的各自的C1-C4烷基醚显然属于这一类。
本发明还涉及制备上述共聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯的方法,该方法的特征在于当聚合的(甲基)丙烯酸单体的总百分率为100时,a)在聚合反应器中装入数量为25-55%,优选30-50%的聚合单体和近于总量的反应催化剂,b)将其余量的聚合单体组合物在10-120分钟,优选15-80分钟内供入反应器,c)继续进行聚合直到单体的转化度大于97%,优选大于98%为止,上述过程在温度为75-130℃,优选80-100℃下进行。
采用上述方法,可制得具有分散作用、可与氟弹性体相容而且具有高剪切稳定性的V.I.I.聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯。由于润滑油是在电机磁场中应用,因此,剪切稳定性显然具有重要性。
虽然在步骤(b)中近于恒定的流量是优选的而且也易于保持,然而,该步骤仍可在恒定的或不同的流量下进行。
就有关的溶剂而论,可以将其全部装入反应器或将其一部分用来稀释步骤(b)中供入的单体。
如本技术领域的专家所知,聚合反应是在惰性气氛,优选氮气中进行的。从试剂和反应环境中除去痕量氧也是有益的;因此,适宜将试剂和反应环境预先脱气。
重要的是最初装入反应器的单体量和其后供入的单体量之间的比例应在上述范围内。事实上,已出乎意料地发现,像这样操作,聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯具有极佳的低温流变行为和改进的剪切稳定性。另一方面,使用相同类型和量的单体,V.I.I.和分散性以及对氟弹性体的稳定性几乎与采用其它方法(即,从一开始将聚合单体组合物全部装入反应器或在超出本发明规定的开始装入量和其后供入量之间的比例下操作)所得的产品相同。
共聚反应优选在760mm下沸点为至少300℃的惰性溶剂中进行。特别合适的是矿物油,例如100℃下5.4cSt的溶剂中性油,通常称为Solvent Neutral 150。
溶剂的用量优选在聚合反应结束时能获得聚合物浓度为30-65%(以重量计),优选50-60%的聚合溶液。这样,上述溶液就可直接用作润滑油的添加剂。
聚合反应在自由基引发剂存在下,在无氧、75-130℃,特别是80-100℃的条件下进行。
剩余的聚合组合物(步骤b)的添加时间虽然取决于聚合温度,然而通常为10-120分钟,优选15-80分钟。在实施方案的优选条件下进行操作,即温度为80-100℃,添加时间通常为20-45分钟,优选25-35分钟。
可以用于本发明方法的典型的自由基催化剂是过辛酸叔丁酯、过苯甲酸叔丁酯、偶氮二异丁腈、2,2’-偶氮二(2-甲基丁腈)、过氧化二苯甲酰、过氧化二月桂酰。上述催化剂的添加量为每100份单体0.2-3份(以重量计)。
当认为适当时,为了调节共聚物的分子量,反应混合物也可以含硫化物例如烷基硫醇、巯基乙醇和苯硫酚。这些硫化物的存在量可以为每100份单体0.01-0.5份。
聚合反应进行后,优选采用红外线分析法分析反应混合物的样品。
当单体的转化度≥97%,优选≥98%时,可以认为聚合反应进行完全。
本发明的共聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯可以从最终的聚合溶液中分离并可直接用于基油、矿物油或合成油,或该最终的聚合溶液可以作为浓缩液使用。当用作浓缩液时,可将该聚合溶液用另外的稀释剂例如石蜡油稀释到所需的浓度。
当将浓缩液直接混合制备调配油时,优选的稀释剂是与最终的润滑油相容的SN100或SN150矿物油。
当本发明的共聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯添加到用作燃料的基油中时,根据具体的用途,在最终润滑油中的聚合物(活性部分)的浓度优选为0.5-15%(以重量计),更优选1-8%(以重量计)。
燃料用的基油可以是矿物类(链烷的或环烷的)或合成的(聚烯烃或酯)。
本发明的共聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯可以用于润滑油与其它具有不同功能的添加剂例如抗氧化剂、洗涤剂、分散剂、抗磨剂,或与其它具有同样功能的化合物例如与其它粘度指数改进剂、其它分散剂、其它具有分散作用的V.I.I的混合物的最终配方。按规定比例含不同添加剂配方的这些其它的添加剂通常可以在市场上买到。例如典型的商品配方包括抗磨添加剂和抗氧化剂,例如二硫代膦酸锌,氮化了的无灰分散剂,例如聚异丁烯琥珀酰亚胺,洗涤利例如,金属磺酸盐或酚盐,消泡剂,例如硅油。
通过下列实施例可以对本发明更好地了解。实施例1
为了生产300克聚合物,采用容量为0.5升的夹套式圆筒形反应器,其中装有其桨叶按搅拌棒定位的锚式搅拌器、热电偶和吹送氮气的浸没管、连接到恒温调节槽可以控制反应热的夹套。还采用微型计量泵。将132.6克矿物油SN150、48.2克(0.174摩尔)C12-C18烷基甲基丙烯酸单体(纯度98.5%)装入反应器;在搅拌下用氮气将所有的混合物脱气1小时。脱气结束时,添加1.13克(0.00785摩尔)甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯和0.9克(0.00573摩尔)甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯。
将112.5克(0.407摩尔)C12-C18甲基丙烯酸单体装入另一个容器中,并用氮脱气1小时。脱气结束时,添加2.63克(0.0183摩尔)甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯和2.1克(0.0134摩尔)甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯。在本实施例和以下实施例中所用的甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯是由75/25(以重量计)的2-羟丙酯和3-羟丙酯的混合物组成的商品。然后,在聚合过程中用计量泵将这种甲基丙烯酸酯的混合物供入反应器。
装入聚合反应器的甲基丙烯酸单体的量相当于所用单体总重的30%,而在泵的给料容器中的单体量相当于其余的70%。
在总的单体混合物中,甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯和甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯之间的摩尔比等于1.37∶1。
在总的单体混合物中,甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯和甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯的重量百分率分别为2.28%和1.82%。
将装在反应器中的反应混合物加热到80℃。
此时,添加0.96克,相当于0.32%(以重量计)反应混合物的2,2’-偶氮二(2-甲基丁腈),并使聚合温度升到90℃,此后,以能够在30分钟内加完的速率,添加装在计量泵的给料容器中的单体混合物。
控制反应温度,使整个聚合期间保持温度为90℃。反应进行后,每隔约30分钟从反应器中取出样品进行红外光谱分析。从光谱的分析结果可以观察到甲基丙烯酸单体混合物的吸收峰消失,而出现由于聚合物而产生的吸收峰。
当转化度高于98%时,可以认为反应进行完全;这是在聚合温度达到后,210分钟后出现的。所得的添加剂具有相当于54.1%(以重量计)的最终活性部分(采用渗析法测定)。
所得的添加剂具有清彻的外观,在100℃下测定其运动粘度的结果为970cSt。
该添加剂主要的流变特性按惯例用溶于SN150矿物油中的10%(以重量计)添加剂溶液测定。
这样得到的溶液具有以下特性:-100℃下运动粘度(KV):13.36cSt-40℃下KV:72.56cSt-粘度指数:189-剪切稳定性(CEC-L-14-A88试验):10.8%-剪切稳定性指数:17.5--20℃下动态粘度:2800cP-倾点:-33℃
为了评价用作润滑油的添加剂的产品,采用含有下列成分的SAE number 10W-40配方:-37.8%矿物碱,-38%合成碱,-14.7%商品添加利组(由二硫代膦酸锌、洗涤剂、分散剂、抗氧化剂体系组成),-9.5%粘度指数改进剂,其中6%由所述添加剂(将其作为SN150中55%的聚合物溶液)组成,其余部分由聚烯烃的非分散剂V.I.I添加剂组成。
进行第一个试验以检验用这样制备的配方与氟弹性体的相容性。
为此,进行称为"VW TEST PV 3344-Seal compatibiity"的试验。
上述试验的结果列于表1,其中,产品的规格极限在括号中表示。
表1
抗张强度(MPa) 9.0(≥8.0)
断裂伸长率(%) 210(≥160)
裂纹100% 无断裂(无断裂)
关于分散作用的汽车驾驶人员评价(motoristic evaluation),采用与上述相同的配方进行所谓Sequence V-E(procedure ASTMSTP 315H P3)的美国汽车驾驶人员测试(American motoristictest),测试结果以及括号中的产品的规格极限列于表2。
表2
平均发动机机油氧化沉积物 9.28(9分钟)
平均顶盖沉积物 9.25(7分钟)
平均发动机零件上胶状沉积 5.60(5分钟)
活塞裙胶状沉积 6.80(6.5分钟)
平均凸轮磨损(密耳) 0.50(5分钟)
最大凸轮磨损(″) 0.8(15分钟)实施例2
采用与实施例1相同的方法生产300克聚合物,不同的是,将单体总量的40%装入反应器,其余的60%用计量泵添加。
为此,将132.6克SN 150、64.28克(0.233摩尔)C12-C18烷基甲基丙烯酸单体(纯度98.5%)装入反应器中,并用氮脱气1小时。然后,添加2.31克(0.0147摩尔)甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯和2.54克(0.0176摩尔)甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯。将96.42克(0.349摩尔)C12-C18烷基甲基丙烯酸单体装入泵的给料容器中,并用氮脱气1小时。然后,添加3.47克(0.022摩尔)甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯和3.81克(0.0264摩尔)甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯。在总的单体混合物中,甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯和甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯之间的摩尔比等于1.2∶1。
在总的单体混合物中,甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯和甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯的重量百分率分别等于3.85%和3.50%。当反应混合物达到80℃时,添加0.96克聚合引发剂2,2’-偶氮二(2-甲基丁腈),并使温度升到90℃,此后,在30分钟内添加装在给料容器中的单体混合物。从反应开始210分钟后,采集样品并测定转化度,结果为98%。
SN150中10%的聚合物溶液具有以下特性:-100℃下运动粘度(KV):13.28cSt-40℃下KV:71.38cSt-粘度指数:191-剪切稳定性(CEC-L-14-A 88试验):10.6%-剪切稳定性指数:17.0--20℃下动态粘度:2800cP-倾点:-33℃
表3列出了VW Test PV 3344的结果
表3
抗张强度(MPa) 8.8(≥8.0)
断裂伸长率(%) 205(≥160)
裂纹100% 无断裂(无断裂)对比例3
只采用甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯作为分散单体,按实施例1的同样方法进行。将132.6克矿物油SN150、48.2克(0.174摩尔)纯度为98.5%的C12-C18烷基甲基丙烯酸单体装入反应器中;在搅拌下将所有混合物用氮脱气1小时。脱气结束时,添加1.73克(0.011摩尔)甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯。将112.5克(0.407摩尔)C12-C18甲基丙烯酸单体另外装入计量泵的给料容器中;将所有混合物用氮脱气1小时。脱气结束时,添加4.04克(0.0257摩尔)甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯。
聚合反应器中的甲基丙烯酸单体的存在量相当于所用单体总量的30%(以重量计),而计量泵的给料容器中包含其余的70%。
所用甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯的总量相当于甲基丙烯酸单体总重的3.5%。
当反应混合物加热到80℃后,添加0.96克聚合引发利2,2’-偶氮二(2-甲基丁腈)。将温度升到90℃,此后,在30分钟内添加装在给料容器中的甲基丙烯酸单体混合物,将反应温度保持在90℃。
从反应开始210分钟后,采集样品并测定转化度,结果为98%。
SN150中10%的聚合物溶液具有以下特性:-100℃下运动粘度(KV):13.10cSt-40℃下KV:71.59cSt-粘度指数:187-剪切稳定性(CEC-L-14-A 88试验):10.5%-剪切稳定性指数:17.0--20℃下动态粘度:3200cP-倾点:-33℃
表4列出了VW Test PV 3344关于与氟弹性体相容性的完全失败的结果。
表4
抗张强度(MPa) 6.5(≥8.0)
断裂伸长率(%) 155(≥160)
裂纹100% 断裂/破坏(无断裂)对比例4
只采用甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯作为分散单体,按实施例1的同样方法进行。
将132.6克矿物油SN150、48.2克(0.174摩尔)纯度为98.5%的C12-C18烷基甲基丙烯酸单体装入反应器中;在搅拌下将所有混合物用氮脱气1小时。脱气结束时,添加1.91克(0.0132摩尔)甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯。将112.5克(0.407摩尔)C12-C18甲基丙烯酸单体另外装入计量泵的给料容器中;将所有混合物用氮脱气1小时。脱气结束时,添加4.45克(0.031摩尔)甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯。
聚合反应器中的甲基丙烯酸单体的存在量相当于所用单体总量的30%(以重量计),而计量泵的给料容器中包含其余的70%。
所用甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯的总量相当于甲基丙烯酸单体总重的3.85%。
将反应混合物加热到80℃后,添加0.96克聚合引发剂2,2’-偶氮二(2-甲基丁腈)。
将温度升到90℃,此后,在30分钟内添加装在给料容器中的甲基丙烯酸单体混合物,将反应温度保持在90℃。
从反应开始210分钟后,采集样品并测定转化度,结果为98%。
SN150中10%的聚合物溶液具有以下特性:-100℃下运动粘度(KV):13.20cSt-40℃下KV:70.49cSt-粘度指数:192-剪切稳定性(CEC-L-14-A 88试验):10.5%-剪切稳定性指数:17.0--20℃下动态粘度:3300cP-倾点:-33℃
表5列出了VW Test PV 3344关于与氟弹性体相容性的结果。
表5
抗张强度(MPa) 10.2(≥8.0)
断裂伸长率(%) 240(≥160)
裂纹100% 无断裂(无断裂)对比例5
采用相同的反应器,但在反应开始时就供入所有反应混合物的组分,因而不用计量泵和有关的给料容器。将132.6克SN150和160.7克(0.582摩尔)C12-C18烷基甲基丙烯酸单体(纯度为98.5%)供入反应器中,在搅拌下用氟脱气1小时。脱气结束时,添加5.78克(0.0368摩尔)甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯和6.35克(0.0441摩尔)甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯。
在总的单体混合物中,甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯和甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯的摩尔比与实施例2一样为1.2∶1。将装在反应器中的反应混合物加热到80℃。
此时,添加1.44克聚合引发剂2,2’-偶氮二(2-甲基丁腈),其量相当于0.48%(以重量计)反应混合物。
将温度升到90℃,并使此温度保持150分钟。取样并测定转化度,结果为98%。
SN150中10%的聚合物溶液具有以下特性:-100℃下运动粘度(KV):13.30cSt-40℃下KV:72.21cSt-粘度指数:189-剪切稳定性(CEC-L-14-A 88试验):15.5%-剪切稳定性指数:26--20℃下动态粘度:3000cP-倾点:-33℃
表6列出了与氟弹性体相容性试验的结果
表6
抗张强度(MPa) 8.9(≥8.0)
断裂伸长率(%) 211(≥160)
裂纹100% 无断裂(无断裂)表7是一览表,从其中容易比较上述产品的一些特性。在该表中VW表示VW PR 3344试验,开头的SSI表示剪切稳定指数,CCS-20℃是-20℃下的粘度,Ve是VE驾驶人员测试。
表7
实施例 评价结果
VW试验 SSI CCS-20℃ VE
1 通过 17.5 2800cP 通过
2 通过 17.0 2800cP --
对比例3 失败 17.0 3200cP --
对比例4 通过 17.0 3300cP --
对比例5 通过 25.0 3000cP --实施例1和2(采用含有两种含氮和氧单体的混合物的添加剂)与实施例3和4(只含氮化了的(实施例3)或氧化了的(实施例4))单体相对应,表明:A)在相同量的氮化了的单体存在下(实施例2和3)同样与氟弹性体相容;B)在低温下粘度较低,因此按稠化润滑油(5W-X和10W-X)配方的性能较好。
对比例5中,所有的试剂在反应开始时装入,另一方面明确地表现出剪切稳定性较低。
Claims (12)
1.具有分散作用并与氟弹性体相容作为粘度指数改进剂的聚合添加剂,所述聚合添加剂基本上由共聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯组成,其特征在于它可以通过在包括以下组分的单体组合物的惰性溶剂中共聚而制得:b)具有通式(Ⅱ)CH2=C(R)-COOR2的(甲基)丙烯酸酯,其用量为85-98%(以重量计),式中,R的定义同上,R2选自具有碳原子数为6-25的直链或支链的烷基;c)具有通式(Ⅲ)CH2=C(R)-CO-X-R3的(甲基)丙烯酸酯,其用量为1-6%(以重量计),式中,R的定义同上,-X-是氧或-NH或NR4,式中R4是具有1-5个碳原子的烷基,R3选自具有碳原子总数为4-20和叔氮原子数为1-2的直链、支链或环状的烷基;d)具有通式(Ⅳ)CH2=C(R)-COOR5的(甲基)丙烯酸酯,其用量为1-9%(以重量计),式中,R的定义同上,R5选自具有碳原子数为4-20和羟基和/或烷氧基类的氧原子数为1-2的直链、支链或环状的烷基,术语烷氧基是指-OR6基团,式中R6是直链或支链的C1-C4烷基,组分(b)-(d)的总百分率等于100,上述聚合单体的组合物的特征还在于(d)的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的氧的当量与(c)的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的氮的当量之比为1/1和2/1之间。
2.根据权利要求1的添加剂,其特征在于该聚合组合物包括:2)(甲基)丙烯酸酯(b),用量为88-97%(以重量计);3)(甲基)丙烯酸酯(c),用量为1.5-5%(以重量计);4)(甲基)丙烯酸酯(d),用量为1.5-7%(以重量计);组分(b)-(d)的总百分率等于100。
3.根据权利要求1的添加剂,其特征在于(d)的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的氧的当量与(c)的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的氮的当量之比为1.1/1和1.6/2之间。
4.根据权利要求1的添加剂,其特征在于在从(b)至(d)的所有单体中,-R-等于-CH3。
5.根据权利要求1的添加剂,其特征在于(甲基)丙烯酸酯(b)中,-R2-是C10-C20烷基的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1的添加剂,其特征在于(甲基)丙烯酸酯(c)中,-X-是-O-,和-R3-是-CH2-CH2-N-(CH3)2。
7.根据权利要求1的添加剂,其特征在于(甲基)丙烯酸酯(d)中,-R5-选自2-羟丙酯和3-羟丙酯以及有关的混合物。
8.制备根据权利要求1的共聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯的方法,其特征在于当聚合的(甲基)丙烯酸单体的总百分率为100时,a)在聚合反应器中装入数量为25-55%的聚合单体和近于总量的反应催化剂,b)将其余量的聚合单体组合物在10-120分钟内供入反应器,c)继续进行聚合直到单体的转化度大于97%,上述过程在温度为75-130℃下进行。
9.根据权利要求8的方法,其特征在于一开始就将占聚合组合物总量30-50%的单体装入聚合反应器。
10.根据权利要求8的方法,其特征在于在步骤(b)中将其余量的聚合组合物在15-80分钟内供入。
11.根据权利要求8的方法,其特征在于聚合继续进行直到单体的转化度大于98%为止。
12.根据权利要求8的方法,其特征在于聚合过程在温度为80-100℃下进行。
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EP0708170A1 (en) | 1996-04-24 |
DE69510426T2 (de) | 1999-11-25 |
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GR3030686T3 (en) | 1999-11-30 |
MY115380A (en) | 2003-05-31 |
CN1132784A (zh) | 1996-10-09 |
ATE181566T1 (de) | 1999-07-15 |
RU2154091C2 (ru) | 2000-08-10 |
KR100405388B1 (ko) | 2004-02-11 |
SI0708170T1 (en) | 1999-10-31 |
JPH08225619A (ja) | 1996-09-03 |
ES2132487T3 (es) | 1999-08-16 |
SG48695A1 (en) | 1998-05-18 |
IT1270673B (it) | 1997-05-07 |
KR960014313A (ko) | 1996-05-22 |
ITMI942132A1 (it) | 1996-04-19 |
DK0708170T3 (da) | 1999-11-22 |
DE69510426D1 (de) | 1999-07-29 |
US5726136A (en) | 1998-03-10 |
RO117802B1 (ro) | 2002-07-30 |
JP3773566B2 (ja) | 2006-05-10 |
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