CN104522829A - 用于澄清饮料的可可大麦精粉的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/70—Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter
- A23L2/72—Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter by filtration
- A23L2/74—Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter by filtration using membranes, e.g. osmosis, ultrafiltration
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/70—Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter
- A23L2/84—Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter using microorganisms or biological material, e.g. enzymes
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于澄清饮料的可可大麦精粉的制备方法,步骤如下:(1)将优质大麦去除杂质,经淘洗、晒干后用烤箱将其烘烤至大麦表皮发黄但不带有焦味,冷却后采用粉碎机粉碎。(2)将步骤(1)得到的大麦粉与可可粉混合加水,搅拌均匀得到可可大麦浆液A。(3)浆液A经复合酶解、离心、分离、陶瓷膜过滤、浓缩、喷雾干燥等步骤获得用于澄清饮料的可可大麦精粉C。本发明制备的产品具有浓郁自然的可可大麦香味,且溶解速度快,汁液清澈,较好的保留了大麦的营养成分;本发明制备过程不使用任何有机溶剂,为纯天然绿色产品,兼具水溶性热稳定性好,用于饮料不仅提升产品品质,还可以减少稳定剂的使用量,缩短饮料企业的加工周期,降低生产成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于澄清饮料的可可大麦精粉的制备方法,特别是一种通过加工原料复配、多酶复合酶解、陶瓷膜过滤及喷雾干燥等方式制备用于澄清饮料的可可大麦精粉的方法。
背景技术
可可粉是从天然可可豆中提取,经清杂、焙炒、脱壳、磨浆、压榨、制粉等工序精制而成的棕褐色粉末,香味纯正,粉质细腻,无杂质、无焦粒。含有蛋白质、多种氨基酸、高热量脂肪、铜、铁、锰、锌、磷、钾、维生素A、维D、维E、维B1、维B2、维B6及具有多种生物活性功能的生物碱。天然可可粉中生物碱具有健胃、刺激胃液分泌,促进蛋白质消化,减少抗生素不能解决的营养性腹泻。越来越多的研究结果表明,可可粉中的化学成份可以有效治疗心脏病、糖尿病、高血压以及血管性疾病等。
大麦,别名牟麦、饭麦、赤膊麦,富含淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪、B族维生素、尼克酸、叶酸、泛酸、钙、铁、可溶性纤维等营养成分,大麦是可溶性纤维极佳的来源,它可以降低血液中胆固醇的含量,还可以降低低密度脂蛋白的含量;据《本草经疏》记载:大麦,功用与小麦相似,而其性更平凉滑腻,故人以之佐粳米同食;或歉岁全食之,而益气补中,实五脏,厚肠胃之功,不亚于粳米。
目前市场上关于大麦类产品多以大麦茶、大麦精以及麦芽的形式生产销售,而生产以上产品所用的原料均以大麦经过物理炒制加工或简单的酶解、发酵加工而成,在澄清饮料加工领。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于为了弥补目前大麦饮料产品的缺陷和满足市场的需求,以优质大麦为原料,通过加工原料复配、多酶复合酶解、陶瓷膜过滤及喷雾干燥等方式制备用于澄清饮料的可可大麦精粉的方法。
为达到上述目的,本发明的方法采用如下技术方案
一种用于澄清饮料的可可大麦精粉的制备方法,其特征在于该方法具有如下的具体步骤:
(a)将优质大麦去除杂质,经淘洗、晒干后用烤箱将其烘烤,烘烤温度为200~300℃,至大麦表皮发黄但不带有焦味,冷却后采用粉碎机粉碎至20~60目;
(b)将步骤(a)得到的大麦粉与可可粉按质量比混合,比例为1:1~8:1,加入5-12倍混合原料重量的水,搅拌均匀得到可可大麦浆液A;
(c)将可可大麦浆液A温度升到40~45℃,加入浆液A总重量的0.01%~0.2%的蛋白酶进行酶解,pH值为7.5;保温搅拌酶解3.0~5.0h,酶解完毕灭酶后调整温度降到45~50℃;加入体系质量的0.1%~0.3%的淀粉酶进行酶解,保温搅拌酶解1.5~4.5h,酶解完毕灭酶后再调整温度降到45~50℃,pH为6.5;加入体系质量的0.1%~0.2%的麦芽糖酶进行酶解,保温搅拌酶解2.0~5.0h,酶解完毕加热高温灭酶15~20min;得到经酶解的可可大麦浆液B;
(d)将经酶解的可可大麦浆液B冷却至室温后,离心分离,离心机的转速为大于2000转/分钟,得到可可大麦清液;可可大麦清液经陶瓷复合膜过滤,参数为:过滤面积0.8m2,温度20~50℃,压力0.3~0.6MPa,孔径50nm;然后CT真空浓缩,进料量50~70L/H,系统温度35~50℃,真空度-75~-95KPa,加热蒸汽温度80~95℃;至固形物含量达30~55%,进行喷雾干燥,参数为:进风温度180~220℃、出风温度80~95℃;最终得到可可大麦精粉C。
本发明不但充分保留了可可、大麦中的有效成分,并且继承了可可、大麦香醇浓厚的风味,同时,这种可可大麦精粉的面世,为饮料企业生产澄清大麦饮料带来了福音。本发明的优点:
1、本发明首先通过加工原料复配,经多种酶进行复合酶解,使其复配原料可可粉与大麦粉中的有效成分得到彻底释放,再经陶瓷膜过滤、浓缩、喷雾干燥等方法获得用于澄清饮料的可可大麦精粉。最大化地保持了可可、大麦原汁原味的特征,开辟了一条制备用于澄清饮料的可可大麦精粉的新途径。
2、本发明采用陶瓷复合膜对其粗滤的清液进行超滤,除去其中的沉淀物和悬浮物以及导致浑浊或沉淀的未水解的蛋白质或淀粉等大分子物质,并且分离过程不需要加热,不会破坏被分离的物质,从而保留了可可、大麦的营养成分,同时保证终产品在水中的澄清度。
3、本发明采用CT(Centritherm)蒸发器进行浓缩,它是一种薄膜,单效,旋转锥蒸发器;具有工作温度低、物料停留时间短、一次通过时的浓缩程度高等特点,虽然现在膜浓缩技术具有常温浓缩、营养成分保留完整等特点,但浓缩效率低、能耗大,与之相比,CT浓缩的生产效率高、加工周期短,适合工业化生产。
4、本发明取材天然,加工过程不使用任何有机溶剂,为纯天然绿色产品,作为食品配料,可提升终产品的产品品质,提高产品质量。
5、本发明制备的产品兼具水溶性热稳定性好,水溶液清澈透明,用于饮料中不仅提升产品品质,还可以减少稳定剂及食用香精的添加量,符合现代食品的健康理念,对于喜欢饮用清爽澄清饮料的消费者,提供又一选择;同时对于饮料企业来说,可以缩短加工周期,保持产品稳定性,延长货架期,降低生产成本。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施案例详细说明本发明的方法:
实施例一
(1)将优质大麦去除杂质,经淘洗、晒干后用烤箱将其烘烤至大麦表皮发黄但不带有焦味,冷却后采用粉碎机粉碎至20~60目。
(2)将步骤(1)得到的大麦粉与可可粉按质量比2:1混合,加入12倍混合原料重量的水,搅拌均匀得到可可大麦浆液A。
(3)将可可大麦浆液A温度升到40~45℃,加入浆液A总重量的0.09%的蛋白酶进行酶解,pH值为7.5,保温搅拌酶解5.0h,酶解完毕灭酶后调整温度降到45~50℃,加入体系质量的0.2%的淀粉酶进行酶解,保温搅拌酶解3.5h,酶解完毕灭酶后再调整温度降到45~50℃,pH为6.5,加入体系质量的0.15%的麦芽糖酶进行酶解,保温搅拌酶解4.0h,酶解完毕加热高温灭酶15~20min;得到经酶解的可可大麦浆液B。
(4)将经酶解的可可大麦浆液B冷却至室温后,离心分离,得到可可大麦清液;可可大麦清液经陶瓷复合膜过滤,参数为:过滤面积0.8m2,温度30~40℃,压力0.3~0.4MPa,孔径50nm;然后CT真空浓缩,进料量60~65L/H,系统温度45~50℃,真空度-75~-95KPa,加热蒸汽温度80~95℃;至固形物含量约为40~45%,进行喷雾干燥,参数为:进风温度200℃、出风温度90℃,得到可可大麦精粉C。
实施例二
与实施例一相同,所不同的是:本实施例将减少步骤(2)中用于制备浆液A的用水量及改变初始原料复配比例增加大麦粉的含量;将烘烤后的优质大麦,粉碎过40目筛,大麦粉与可可粉按质量比3:1混合后加入10倍原料重量的水,搅拌均匀得到大麦茶浆液A。同时减少步骤(3)中酶的添加量,将组分A温度控制在40~45℃,加入组分A总重量的0.08%的蛋白酶进行酶解,pH值7.5,保温搅拌酶解5h。减少制备组分A的用水量、酶的添加量以及可可粉的使用量,可以达到同样的效果,减少能源消耗,降低生产成本。
实施例三
与实施例二相同,所不同的是:本实施例步骤(4)中提高CT浓缩时的进料量及降低喷雾干燥时的进风温度,CT真空浓缩,进料量65~70L/H,系统温度45~50℃,真空度-75~-85KPa,加热蒸汽温度80~95℃;喷雾干燥时的进风温度190℃、出风温度90℃,提高CT浓缩时的进料量和降低喷雾干燥时的进风温度可以达到相同效果的同时,缩短加工周期,增加产出,提高生产效率。
实施例四
与实施例一相同,所不同的是:本实施例步骤(4)中增加陶瓷复合膜过滤压力以及降低喷雾干燥时的出风温度;陶瓷复合膜过滤,参数为:过滤面积0.8m2,温度30~40℃,压力0.4~0.5MPa;喷雾干燥时的进风温度200℃、出风温度85℃。增加陶瓷复合膜过滤压力以及降低喷雾干燥时的出风温度,同样可以达到效果的同时,降低能耗,提高生产效率。
Claims (1)
1.在一种用于澄清饮料的可可大麦精粉的制备方法,其特征在于该方法具有以下具体步骤:
(a)将优质大麦去除杂质,经淘洗、晒干后用烤箱将其烘烤,烘烤温度为200~300℃,至大麦表皮发黄但不带有焦味,冷却后采用粉碎机粉碎至20~60目;
(b)将步骤(a)得到的大麦粉与可可粉按质量比混合,比例为1:1~8:1,加入5-12倍混合原料重量的水,搅拌均匀得到可可大麦浆液A;
(c)将可可大麦浆液A温度升到40~45℃,加入浆液A总重量的0.01%~0.2%的蛋白酶进行酶解,pH值为7.5;保温搅拌酶解3.0~5.0h,酶解完毕灭酶后调整温度降到45~50℃;加入体系质量的0.1%~0.3%的淀粉酶进行酶解,保温搅拌酶解1.5~4.5h,酶解完毕灭酶后再调整温度降到45~50℃,pH为6.5;,加入体系质量的0.1%~0.2%的麦芽糖酶进行酶解,保温搅拌酶解2.0~5.0h,酶解完毕加热高温灭酶15~20min;得到经酶解的可可大麦浆液B;
(d)将经酶解的可可大麦浆液B冷却至室温后,离心分离,离心机的转速为大于2000转/分钟,得到可可大麦清液;可可大麦清液经陶瓷复合膜过滤;参数为:过滤面积0.8m2,温度20~50℃,压力0.3~0.6MPa,孔径50nm;然后CT真空浓缩,进料量50~70L/H,系统温度35~50℃,真空度-75~-95KPa,加热蒸汽温度80~95℃;至固形物含量达30~55%,进行喷雾干燥,参数为:进风温度180~220℃、出风温度80~95℃;最终得到可可大麦精粉C。
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