CN104524592A - 交联剂和它们的用途 - Google Patents
交联剂和它们的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104524592A CN104524592A CN201410754003.4A CN201410754003A CN104524592A CN 104524592 A CN104524592 A CN 104524592A CN 201410754003 A CN201410754003 A CN 201410754003A CN 104524592 A CN104524592 A CN 104524592A
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- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
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- A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
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- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
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- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
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- A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
- A61K31/5365—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
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Abstract
带电荷或预带电荷交联剂部分以及包括带电荷或预带电荷交联剂部分的细胞结合剂和药物的缀合物,以及制备它们的方法。
Description
本申请是申请日为2009年4月30日、申请号为2009801252882、发明名称为“交联剂和它们的用途”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
本申请要求2008年4月30日提交的美国临时申请第61/049,291号和2009年1月28日提交的美国临时申请第61/147,966号的优先权。
发明领域
本申请涉及新型带电荷交联剂和可以通过靶细胞处理以提供带电荷部分的交联剂的合成。本发明也涉及制备细胞结合剂-药物缀合物的方法,包括:用这些交联剂修饰细胞结合剂、然后与药物反应,或者用这些交联剂修饰药物、然后与细胞结合剂反应。制备缀合物的改良的方法提供每个细胞结合剂连接更大数量药物分子的能力,产生了更大的效力和对所述缀合物提供了更大的水溶性。
发明背景
双官能改性剂3-(2-吡啶基二硫基)丙酸N-琥珀酰亚氨酯(SPDP)已经用于通过二硫键将两个蛋白质连接在一起。该试剂与第一蛋白质反应以在改性步骤中引入包含二硫键的活性基团。包含游离巯基的第二蛋白质然后被加入以在缀合步骤中在两个蛋白质之间形成二硫键。SPDP的多种衍生物和SPDP的二酰亚胺形式已经被描述(美国专利4,563,304;J.Carlsson等人173Biochem.J.723-737(1978);Goff D.A.,Carroll,S.F.1BioConjugate Chem.381-386(1990);L.Delprino等人,82 J.Pharm.Sci.506-512(1993);S.Arpicco等人,8BioConjugateChem 327-337(1997))。
细胞结合剂与高度细胞毒性药物的缀合物已经被描述(美国专利5,208,020、5,416,064、5,475,092、5,585,499、6,436,931、6,372,738和6,340,701;R.V.J.Chari等人,52CancerRes.127-131(1992))。在这些缀合物中,细胞结合剂首先用双官能剂诸如SPDP、SPP或SMCC改性,以引入活性二硫键部分或者马来酰亚胺基部分。与含巯基的细胞毒性药物的反应提供了这样的缀合物,其中细胞结合剂诸如单克隆抗体和药物经由二硫键或硫醚键连接。
包含硝基吡啶基二硫基、二硝基吡啶基二硫基、N.N-二烷基酰胺基吡啶基二硫基或二-(N.N-二烷基酰胺基)吡啶基二硫基基团和活性羧酸酯基团诸如N-琥珀酰亚胺酯基团或N-磺基琥珀酰亚胺酯基基团的异双官能交联剂已经被描述(美国专利6,913,748)。N-磺基琥珀酰亚胺基基团的存在声称对这些交联剂提供更高的水溶解性。然而,当细胞结合剂已经与这些交联剂反应时,对于改性的细胞结合剂和其药物缀合物,N-磺基琥珀酰亚胺基基团被取代和溶解性优点丧失。因为在细胞结合剂-药物缀合物中使用的细胞毒性药物通常在水溶液中只是微溶的,连接足够数量的药物分子到细胞结合剂而仍然保持水溶性通常是困难的。另外,反应不得不在稀释溶液中进行,这对于扩大规模是麻烦的,因为需要使用大体积的溶液。
发明概述
本发明提供带电荷交联剂,其中电荷在细胞结合剂的改性之后和在生成的药物缀合物中都保留。更具体地说,本发明涉及使用带电荷交联剂连接药物到细胞结合剂(例如,抗体)。在本发明的一方面,带电荷交联剂用于改性细胞结合剂并连接它们到药物。在本发明的另一方面,带电荷交联剂用于改性药物并连接它们到细胞结合剂。在本发明的更另一方面,带电荷交联剂用于同时连接药物和细胞结合剂。在所有情况下,优选的最终结果是药物-带电荷交联剂-细胞结合剂缀合物,其可以用下式表示:CB-(-Lc-D)q,其中CB是细胞结合剂,Lc是带电荷交联剂,D是药物分子,和q是1至20的整数。细胞结合剂-药物缀合物中的交联剂中的带电荷基团(一个或多个)的存在提供了多个优点,诸如i)最终产物的更大水溶解性,ii)以水溶液中更高浓度起作用的能力,iii)每个细胞结合剂分子连接更大数量药物分子的能力,产生了更高的效力,iv)带电荷缀合物种类被保留在靶细胞里的潜能,产生了更高效力和v)提高的多抗药性细胞灵敏性,其不能够从细胞输出带电荷药物种类。本发明也描述交联剂,其可以偶联到药物和细胞结合剂以生成缀合物,所述缀合物可以在细胞中代谢以产生包含一个或多个带电荷部分的药物代谢物。这些交联剂将被称为预带电荷(pro-charged)交联剂。在细胞处理后变为带电荷的交联剂的部分将被称为预带电荷部分。
在本发明的一方面,带电荷或预带电荷交联剂由式(I)表示,其中Y′可以与细胞结合剂反应并且Q可以用细胞毒性药物反应:
其中:
Y′表示能够与细胞结合剂反应的官能团;
Q表示经由二硫键、硫醚键、硫酯键、肽键、腙键、醚键、酯键、氨基甲酸酯键或酰胺键能够连接细胞毒性药物的官能团;
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10是相同的或者不同的,并且是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、具有2至6个碳原子的线性、支化或环状烯基或炔基、阴离子诸如但不限于SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、PO3 2-、X-PO3 2-、CO2 -和阳离子诸如但不限于含氮杂环、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13或苯基,其中:
R11、R12和R13是相同的或者不同的,并且是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基,和X表示苯基或者具有1至6个碳原子的线性烷基、或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基;
l、m和n是0或1至4的整数;和
A是苯基或取代的苯基,其中取代基是具有1至6个碳原子的线性烷基、或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基,或者选自下述的带电荷取代基:阴离子,例如但不限于SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、PO3 2-、X-PO3 2-、CO2 -,和阳离子,诸如但不限于含氮杂环、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13,其中X具有与以上相同的定义,和其中g是0或1;
Z是任选的式(OCH2CH2)p的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至约1000的整数,或者F1-E1-P-E2-F2单元,其中E1和E2是相同的或者不同的,并且是C=O、O或NR14,其中R14是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、具有2至6个碳原子的线性、支化或者环状烯基或炔基;P是长度在2和20个氨基酸之间的肽单元,其中E1或E2可以通过末端氮、末端碳或者通过肽的氨基酸之一的侧链连接到肽;以及F1和F2是相同的或者不同的,并且是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至约1000的整数,条件是当Z不是F1-E1-P-E2-F2时,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10中的至少一个是带电荷的取代基,或者当g是1时,A、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10中的至少一个是带电荷的取代基。
在另一方面,本发明提供式(II)的细胞结合剂-药物缀合物,其中细胞结合剂CB和药物D在带电荷或预带电荷交联剂的两端反应:
其中:
CB表示细胞结合剂;
D表示通过二硫键、硫醚键、硫酯键、肽键、腙键、醚键、酯键、氨基甲酸酯键或酰胺键连接到细胞结合剂的药物;
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10是相同的或者不同的,并且是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、具有2至6个碳原子的线性、支化或环状烯基或炔基、阴离子诸如但不限于SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、PO3 2-、X-PO3 2-、CO2 -,阳离子诸如但不限于含氮杂环、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13或苯基,其中:
R11、R12和R13是相同的或者不同的,并且是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基,和X表示苯基或者具有1至6个碳原子的线性烷基、或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基;
l、m和n是0或1至4的整数;和
A是苯基或取代的苯基,其中取代基是具有1至6个碳原子的线性烷基、或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基,或者选自下述的带电荷取代基:阴离子,例如但不限于SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、PO3 2-、X-PO3 2-、CO2 -,阳离子诸如但不限于含氮杂环、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13,其中X具有与以上相同的定义,和其中g是0或1;
Z是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至约1000的整数,或者F1-E1-P-E2-F2单元,其中E1和E2是相同的或者不同的,并且是C=O、O或NR14,其中R14是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、具有2至6个碳原子的线性、支化或者环状烯基或炔基;P是长度在2和20个氨基酸之间的肽单元,其中E1或E2可以通过末端氮、末端碳或者通过肽的氨基酸之一的侧链连接到肽;以及F1和F2是相同的或者不同的,并且是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至约1000的整数,条件是当Z不是F1-E1-P-E2-F2时,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10中的至少一个是带电荷的取代基,或者当g是1时,A、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10中的至少一个是带电荷的取代基;
Y表示羰基、硫醚基、酰胺基、二硫基或腙基;和q表示1至20的整数。
在进一步的方面,本发明提供式(III)的改性的细胞结合剂,其中细胞结合剂CB与交联剂反应,其仍然具有能够与细胞毒性药物反应的基团Q:
其中取代基如以上定义。
在更进一步的方面,本发明提供式(IV)的改性药物,其中药物D与交联剂反应,其仍然具有能够与细胞结合剂反应的基团Y′:
其中取代基如上定义。
本发明进一步涉及制备式(II)的细胞结合剂药物缀合物的方法,其中所述药物经由带电荷或预带电荷交联剂连接到细胞结合剂。
本发明也涉及制备式(III)的改性细胞结合剂的方法,其中所述细胞结合剂与带电荷或预带电荷交联剂反应。
本发明也涉及制备式(IV)的改性药物的方法,其中所述药物与带电荷或预带电荷交联剂反应。
本发明包括这样的组合物(例如,药物组合物),其包括:缀合物或其衍生物(和/或溶剂化物、水合物和/或其盐)和载体(药学上可接受的载体)。本发明也包括这样的组合物(例如,药物组合物),其包括:缀合物或其衍生物(和/或溶剂化物、水合物和/或其盐)和载体(药学上可接受的载体),进一步包括第二治疗剂。本发明组合物对于抑制异常的细胞生长或治疗哺乳动物(例如,人)中的增殖病症是有用的。
本发明包括抑制异常细胞生长或治疗哺乳动物(例如,人)中的增殖病症的方法,包括:单独地或者与第二治疗剂组合,给与所述哺乳动物治疗有效量的缀合物或其衍生物(和/或其溶剂化物和盐)或其组合物。
本发明的化合物、其衍生物、或其缀合物和包括它们的组合物对于治疗或减轻病症的严重性是有用的,所述病症诸如以异常的细胞生长为特征(例如,癌)。本发明的化合物或缀合物的其它应用包括但不限于治疗骨质疏松、抑郁症、焦虑、紧张、恐怖症、恐慌、焦虑、精神病和疼痛或者作为抗癫痫药、抗菌药、利尿药和降血压药、降血脂药以及抗抑郁药。
本发明还涉及以下项目:
1.式(II)的细胞结合剂-药物缀合物,
其中:
CB表示细胞结合剂;
D表示通过二硫键、硫醚键、硫酯键、肽键、腙键、酯键、醚键、氨基甲酸酯键或酰胺键连接到所述细胞结合剂的药物;
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10是相同的或者不同的,并且是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、具有2至6个碳原子的线性、支化或环状烯基或炔基、选自阴离子和阳离子的带电荷取代基——所述阴离子选自SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、PO3 2-、X-PO3 2-、CO2 -和所述阳离子选自含氮杂环、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13、或苯基,其中:
R11、R12和R13是相同的或者不同的,并且是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基,和X表示苯基或者具有1至6个碳原子的线性烷基、或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基;
l、m和n是0或1至4的整数;
A是苯基或取代的苯基,其中取代基是具有1至6个碳原子的线性烷基、或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、或选自阴离子和阳离子的带电荷取代基——所述阴离子选自SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、PO3 2-、X-PO3 2-、CO2 -和所述阳离子选自含氮杂环、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13,其中X具有与以上相同的定义,和其中g是0或1;
Z是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至约1000的整数,或者F1-E1-P-E2-F2单元,其中E1和E2是相同的或者不同的,并且是C=O、O或NR14,其中R14是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、具有2至6个碳原子的线性、支化或者环状烯基或炔基;P是长度在2和20个氨基酸之间的肽单元,其中E1或E2可以通过所述肽的末端氮、末端碳或者通过所述肽的氨基酸之一的侧链连接到所述肽;以及F1和F2是相同的或者不同的,并且是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至约1000的整数,条件是当Z不是F1-E1-P-E2-F2时,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10中的至少一个是带电荷的取代基,或者当g是1时,A、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10中的至少一个是带电荷的取代基;
Y表示羰基、硫醚基、酰胺基、二硫基或腙基;和q表示1至20的整数。
2.根据项目1所述的缀合物,其中D选自:硫化三磷;环磷酰胺(CYTOXAN(TM));磺酸烷基酯,其选自白消安、英丙舒凡和嗪消安;吖丙啶类,其选自苯并多巴、卡波醌、美妥替哌和乌瑞替哌;氮丙啶类;和甲基密胺类;多聚乙酰类,其选自布拉它辛和布拉它辛酮;喜树碱;苔藓抑素;海绵多聚乙酰;CC-1065;CC-1065的阿多来新、卡折来新或比折来新合成类似物;自念珠藻环肽类;多拉司他汀;多卡米辛;多卡米辛的KW-2189或CBI-TMI合成类似物;软珊瑚醇;水鬼蕉碱;匍枝珊瑚醇;海绵司他汀;氮芥类,其选自苯丁酸氮芥、萘氮芥、胆磷酰胺、雌莫司汀、异环磷酰胺、氮芥、盐酸氧化氮芥、美法仑、新氮芥、苯芥胆甾醇、泼尼莫司汀、曲磷胺、乌拉莫司汀;亚硝基脲,诸如卡莫司汀、氯脲菌素、福莫司汀、洛莫司汀、尼莫司汀、雷莫司汀;抗生素,诸如烯二炔抗生素(例如加里刹霉素,尤其是加里刹霉素γ1和加里刹霉素θI);达内霉素,包括达内霉素A;埃斯培拉霉素;新制癌菌素生色团和相关的色蛋白烯二炔抗生素生色团类、阿克拉霉素、放线菌素、安曲霉素、偶氮丝氨酸、博来霉素类、放线菌素C、卡拉比星、去甲柔红霉素、嗜癌霉素;洋红霉素、防线菌素D、柔红霉素、地拖比星、6-重氮基-5-氧代-L-正亮氨酸、阿霉素、表柔比星、依索比星、依达比星、麻西罗霉素、丝裂霉素类、麦考酚酸、诺拉霉素、橄榄霉素、培洛霉素、泊非霉素、嘌罗霉素、三铁阿霉素、罗多比星、链黑霉素、链佐星、杀结核菌素、乌苯美司、净司他丁、佐柔比星;抗代谢药,其选自甲氨蝶呤和5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU);叶酸类似物,其选自二甲叶酸、甲氨蝶呤、蝶罗呤、三甲曲沙;嘌呤类似物,其选自氟达拉滨、6-巯基嘌呤、硫咪嘌呤、硫鸟嘌呤;嘧啶类似物,其选自安西他滨、阿扎胞苷、6-氮尿苷、卡莫氟、阿糖胞苷、二脱氧尿苷、去氧氟尿苷、依诺他滨、氟尿苷、5-FU;雄激素类,其选自卡普睾酮、丙酸甲雄烷酮、环硫雄醇、美雄烷、睾内酯;抗肾上腺类,诸如氨鲁米特、米托坦、曲洛司坦;叶酸补充剂,选自亚叶酸;醋葡醛内酯;醛磷酰胺糖苷;氨基乙酰丙酸;安吖啶;斑曲布星;比生群;依达曲沙;得佛法明;秋水酰胺;地吖醌;依氟尿氨酸;依利醋铵;埃博霉素;依脱格鲁;硝酸镓;羟基脲;香菇多糖;氯尼达明;美登木素生物碱类,其选自美登素和柄型菌素;米托胍腙;米托蒽醌;莫哌达醇;硝呋旦;喷司他丁;蛋氨氮芥;吡柔比星;鬼臼酸;2-乙基酰肼;丙卡巴肼;雷佐生;根霉素;西佐喃;锗螺胺;细格孢氮杂酸;三亚胺醌;2,2′,2″-三氯三乙胺;单端孢霉烯类,其选自T-2毒素、verracurin A、杆孢菌素A和安归啶;乌拉坦;长春地辛;达卡巴嗪;甘露莫司汀;二溴甘露醇;二溴尾矛醇;哌泊溴烷;gacytosine;阿糖胞苷(″Ara-C″);环磷酰胺;硫化三磷;紫杉烷类;苯丁酸芥;吉西他滨;6-硫鸟嘌呤;巯嘌呤;甲氨蝶呤;铂类似物,其选自顺铂和卡铂;长春碱;铂;依托泊苷(VP-16);异环磷酰胺;丝裂霉素C;米托蒽醌;长春新碱;长春瑞滨;诺维本;诺消灵;替尼泊苷;道诺霉素;氨喋呤;希罗达;伊班膦酸盐;CPT-11;拓扑异构酶抑制剂RFS 2000;二氟甲基鸟氨酸(DMFO);视黄酸;卡培他滨;抗激素药,其选自抗雌激素类,包括他莫昔芬、雷洛昔芬、芳香酶抑制4(5)-咪唑类、4-羟基他莫昔芬、曲沃昔芬、雷洛昔芬、LY117018、奥那司酮和托瑞米芬(Fareston);和抗雄激素类,其选自氟他胺、尼鲁米特、比卡鲁胺、醋酸亮丙瑞林和戈舍瑞林;siRNA或它们的组合;以及上述任一物质的药学上可接受的盐、酸或衍生物。
3.根据项目1或2所述的缀合物,其中D选自美登木素生物碱类、CC-1065类似物、阿霉素吗啉、紫杉烷类、加里刹霉素类、阿里他汀类、吡咯并苯并二氮杂二聚体、siRNA或它们的组合,以及以及上述任一物质的药学上可接受的盐、酸或衍生物。
4.根据项目1所述的缀合物,其中所述细胞结合剂结合到选自以下的靶细胞:肿瘤细胞,病毒感染细胞,微生物感染细胞,寄生虫感染细胞,自身免疫细胞,活化细胞,髓样细胞,活化的T-细胞,B细胞,或黑素细胞,表达一种或多种IGF-IR、CanAg、EGFR、EphA2受体、MUC1、MUC16、VEGF、TF、MY9、抗-B4、EpCAM、CD2、CD3、CD4、CD5、CD6、CD11、CD11a、CD18、CD19、CD20、CD22、CD26、CD30、CD33、CD37、CD38、CD40、CD44、CD56、CD79、CD105、CD138、EphA受体、EphB受体、EGFr、EGFRvIII、HER2/neu、HER3、间皮素、cripto、αvβ3整联蛋白、αvβ5整联蛋白、αvβ6整联蛋白、Apo2和C242抗原的细胞;以及表达胰岛素生长因子受体、表皮生长因子受体或叶酸受体的细胞。
5.根据项目1所述的缀合物,其中所述细胞结合剂是抗体、单链抗体、结合到靶细胞的抗体片段、单克隆抗体、单链单克隆抗体、或结合靶细胞的单克隆抗体、嵌合抗体、与靶细胞结合的嵌合抗体片段、结构域抗体、与靶细胞结合的结构域抗体片段、模拟抗体的adnectins、DARPins、淋巴因子、激素、维生素、生长因子、集落刺激因子或营养物质运输分子。
6.根据项目5所述的缀合物,其中所述抗体是表面重塑的抗体、表面重塑的单链抗体、或它们的表面重塑抗体片段。
7.根据项目5所述的缀合物,其中所述抗体是单克隆抗体、单链单克隆抗体、或它们的单克隆抗体片段。
8.根据项目5所述的缀合物,其中所述抗体是人抗体、人源化抗体或表面重塑抗体、人源化单链抗体、或它们的人源化抗体片段。
9.根据项目5所述的缀合物,其中所述抗体是嵌合抗体、嵌合抗体片段、结构域抗体、或其结构域抗体片段。
10.根据项目8所述的缀合物,其中所述抗体是My9-6、B4、C242、N901、DS6、EpCAM、EphA2受体、CD38、IGF-IR、CNTO 95、B-B4、曲妥单抗、帕妥珠单抗、比伐珠单抗、西罗珠单抗、帕妥珠单抗或利妥昔单抗。
11.根据项目4所述的缀合物,其中所述肿瘤细胞选自乳腺癌细胞、前列腺癌细胞、卵巢癌细胞、结直肠癌细胞、胃癌细胞、鳞状癌细胞、小细胞肺癌细胞和睾丸癌细胞。
12.治疗肿瘤的方法,包括给与需要治疗的对象治疗有效量的项目1所述的缀合物。
13.由式(I)表示的交联剂,
其中:
Y′表示能够与细胞结合剂反应的官能团;
Q表示经二硫键、硫醚键、硫酯键、肽键、腙键、酯键、醚键、氨基甲酸酯键或酰胺键能够连接细胞毒性药物的官能团;
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10是相同的或者不同的,并且是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、具有2至6个碳原子的线性、支化或环状烯基或炔基、选自阴离子和阳离子的带电荷取代基——所述阴离子选自SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、PO3 2-、X-PO3 2-、CO2 -和所述阳离子选自含氮杂环、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13、或苯基,其中:
R11、R12和R13是相同的或者不同的,并且是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基,和X表示苯基或者具有1至6个碳原子的线性烷基、或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基;
l、m和n是0或1至4的整数;
A是苯基或取代的苯基,其中取代基是具有1至6个碳原子的线性烷基、或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、或者选自阴离子和阳离子的带电荷取代基——所述阴离子选自SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、PO3 2-、X-PO3 2-、CO2 -和所述阳离子选自含氮杂环、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13,其中X具有与以上相同的定义,和其中g是0或1;和
Z是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至约1000的整数,或者F1-E1-P-E2-F2单元,其中E1和E2是相同的或者不同的,并且是C=O、O或NR14,其中R14是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、具有2至6个碳原子的线性、支化或者环状烯基或炔基;P是长度在2和20个氨基酸之间的肽单元,其中E1或E2可以通过所述肽的末端氮、末端碳或者通过所述肽的氨基酸之一的侧链连接到所述肽;以及F1和F2是相同的或者不同的,并且是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至约1000的整数,条件是当Z不是F1-E1-P-E2-F2时,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10中的至少一个是带电荷的取代基,或者当g是1时,A、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10中的至少一个是带电荷的取代基。
14.式(III)的化合物:
其中:
CB表示细胞结合剂,
Q表示能够经二硫键、硫醚键、硫酯键、肽键、腙键、酯键、醚键、氨基甲酸酯键或酰胺键连接细胞毒性药物的官能团;
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10是相同的或者不同的,并且是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、具有2至6个碳原子的线性、支化或环状烯基或炔基、选自阴离子和阳离子的带电荷取代基——所述阴离子选自SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、PO3 2-、X-PO3 2-、CO2 -和所述阳离子选自含氮杂环、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13、或苯基,其中:
R11、R12和R13是相同的或者不同的,并且是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基,和X表示苯基或者具有1至6个碳原子的线性烷基、或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基;
l、m和n是0或1至4的整数;
A是苯基或取代的苯基,其中取代基是具有1至6个碳原子的线性烷基、或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、或者选自阴离子和阳离子的带电荷取代基——所述阴离子选自SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、PO3 2-、X-PO3 2-、CO2 -和所述阳离子选自含氮杂环、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13,其中X具有与以上相同的定义,和其中g是0或1;
Z是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至约1000的整数,或者F1-E1-P-E2-F2单元,其中E1和E2是相同的或者不同的,并且是C=O、O或NR14,其中R14是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、具有2至6个碳原子的线性、支化或者环状烯基或炔基;P是长度在2和20个氨基酸之间的肽单元,其中E1或E2可以通过所述肽的末端氮、末端碳或者通过所述肽的氨基酸之一的侧链连接到所述肽;以及F1和F2是相同的或者不同的,并且是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至约1000的整数,条件是当Z不是F1-E1-P-E2-F2时,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10中的至少一个是带电荷的取代基,或者当g是1时,A、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10中的至少一个是带电荷的取代基;和
Y表示羰基、硫醚基、酰胺基、二硫基或腙基;和q表示1至20的整数。
15.式(IV)的化合物:
其中:
Y′表示能够与细胞结合剂反应的官能团;
D表示通过二硫键、硫醚键、硫酯键、肽键、腙键、酯键、醚键、氨基甲酸酯键或酰胺键连接到所述细胞结合剂的药物;
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10是相同的或者不同的,并且是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、具有2至6个碳原子的线性、支化或环状烯基或炔基、选自阴离子和阳离子的带电荷取代基——所述阴离子选自SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、PO3 2-、X-PO3 2-、CO2 -和所述阳离子选自含氮杂环、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13、或苯基,其中:
R11、R12和R13是相同的或者不同的,并且是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基,和X表示苯基或者具有1至6个碳原子的线性烷基、或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基;
l、m和n是0或1至4的整数;
A是苯基或取代的苯基,其中取代基是具有1至6个碳原子的线性烷基、或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、或者选自SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、PO3 2-、X-PO3 2-、CO2 -、含氮杂环、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13的带电荷取代基,其中X具有与以上相同的定义,和其中g是0或1;和
Z是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至约1000的整数,或者F1-E1-P-E2-F2单元,其中E1和E2是相同的或者不同的,并且是C=O、O或NR14,其中R14是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、具有2至6个碳原子的线性、支化或者环状烯基或炔基;P是长度在2和20个氨基酸之间的肽单元,其中E1或E2可以通过所述肽的末端氮、末端碳或者通过所述肽的氨基酸之一的侧链连接到所述肽;以及F1和F2是相同的或者不同的,并且是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至约1000的整数,条件是当Z不是F1-E1-P-E2-F2时,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10中的至少一个是带电荷的取代基,或者当g是1时,A、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10中的至少一个是带电荷的取代基。
16.一种药物组合物,其包括有效量的根据项目1所述的缀合物、其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物,以及药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂。
附图简述
图1显示包含磺酸的交联剂试剂的合成,其包含硝基吡啶基二硫基和活性羧酸酯。链烷酸羟酯首先转化为链烷酸二溴酯,如所示,然后α-溴取代基转化成为磺酸。
图2显示包含磺酸的交联剂的合成,其包含吡啶二硫基和活性羧酸酯。
图3、4和5显示合成具有活性羧酸酯和马来酰亚胺基取代基——能够通过硫醚键连接——的带电荷交联剂的各种路径。
图6和7显示包含磷酸根的交联试剂的合成,其包含吡啶基二硫基和活性羧酸酯。
图8显示包含磷酸根的交联试剂的合成,其包含硝基吡啶基二硫基和活性羧酸酯。
图9和10显示合成包含磷酸根的具有活性羧酸酯和马来酰亚胺取代基——能够经过硫醚键连接——的带电荷交联剂的不同路径。
图11显示包含磺酸的交联试剂的合成,其中磺酸根取代基连接到支链烷基。这些试剂也具有吡啶基二硫基和活性羧酸酯。
图12显示包含磺酸的交联试剂的合成,其中磺酸根取代基连接到支链烷基。这些试剂也具有活性羧酸酯和允许经过硫醚键连接的马来酰亚胺基。
图13显示包含季胺的交联试剂的合成,其包含吡啶基二硫基和活性羧酸酯。
图14显示季胺交联试剂的合成,其具有活性羧酸酯和马来酰亚胺取代基——使得能够经过硫醚键连接。
图15显示包含磺酸的交联试剂的合成,其包含吡啶基二硫基和活性羧酸酯。在这些化合物中,磺酸根取代基是在羧酸酯的β位置的碳原子上。
图16显示包含磷酸根的交联试剂的合成,其包含吡啶基二硫基和活性羧酸酯。在这些化合物中,磷酸根取代基是在相对于羧酸酯的β位置上。
图17、18和19显示各种包含磺酸的交联试剂的合成,其包含聚乙二醇(PEG)链,连同硝基吡啶基二硫基和活性羧酸酯。
图20和21显示各种包含磺酸的交联试剂的合成,其包含聚乙二醇(PEG)链,连同马来酰亚胺基和活性羧酸酯。
图22显示包含磷酸根交联试剂的合成,其中磷酸根取代基连接到芳香基团上。这些试剂也具有活性羧酸酯和允许经二硫键连接的硝基吡啶基二硫基。
图23显示包含磷酸根的交联试剂的合成,其中磷酸根取代基连接到支链烷基上。这些试剂也具有活性羧酸酯和允许经二硫键连接的硝基吡啶基二硫基。
图24-31显示包含磺酸根的交联试剂的合成,其也并入允许经酸不稳定键连接的酰肼部分。
图32-36显示包含磷酸根的交联试剂的合成,其也并入允许经酸不稳定键连接的酰肼部分。
图37-38显示包含季胺的交联试剂的合成,其也并入允许经酸不稳定键连接的酰肼部分。
图39-42显示带电荷的交联试剂的合成,其也并入聚乙二醇(PEG)部分。
图43-44显示包含磷酸根的交联试剂的合成,其中磷酸根取代基连接到芳香残基或烷基。这些试剂也具有活性羧酸酯和允许经二硫键连接的硝基吡啶基二硫基。
图45-49显示带电荷交联剂的合成,其具有活性羧酸酯和卤代乙酰基取代基——使得能够经硫醚键连接。
图50显示预带电荷交联剂的合成,其将生成带负电的羧酸酯代谢物。
图51显示交联剂158与药物和单克隆抗体的缀合物以及该缀合物将在靶细胞的溶酶体中如何加工以生成包含具有带负电荷羧酸酯的药物的代谢物。
图52显示预带电荷交联剂的合成,其将生成包含带正电荷的胺的代谢物。
图53显示预带电荷交联剂与药物和单克隆抗体的缀合物以及该缀合物将在靶细胞的溶酶体中如何加工以生成具有带正电荷胺的药物的代谢物。
图54显示预带电荷交联剂的合成,其将生成带电荷的羧酸酯代谢物。
图55显示交联剂172与药物和单克隆抗体的缀合物以及该缀合物将在靶细胞的溶酶体中如何加工以生成包含具有羧酸和赖氨酸残基的药物的代谢物。
图56显示带电荷交联剂在改性细胞结合剂和产生具有带电荷交联剂的细胞结合剂-药物缀合物中的应用。
图57(A)、(B)和(C)显示其中并入带电荷交联剂的细胞结合剂-药物缀合物的体外效力;图57(A)、(B)和(C)显示抗-CD56(huN901)抗体-美登木素生物碱缀合物的细胞毒性。
图58显示具有带电荷交联剂的细胞结合剂-药物缀合物的体外效力和靶选择性;图58左上图显示细胞毒性:huC242-磺酸酯交联剂-DM4,(5.4D/A)对COKO205&MOLT-4细胞;图58右上图显示细胞毒性:huC242-磺酸酯交联剂-DM4,(6.3D/A)对COKO205&MOLT-4细胞;图58右下图显示细胞毒性:huC242-磺酸酯交联剂-DM1,(5.4D/A)对COKO205&MOLT-4细胞。
图59显示具有带电荷交联剂的细胞结合剂-药物缀合物的质谱,显示huC242-磺酸酯交联剂-DM41缀合物的质量分析;
去糖基化的C242-SPDB()SO3-DM1(DAPENG)
ACL_010507_SEC_C242_SPDB_DM1_335(7.805)Sb(25,10.00);M1[Ev-96612,lt11](Gs,1.700,2406:4000,2.00,L40,R40):Sb(25,10.00);Cm(31:49)1:TOF MS ES+3.72e3。
图60显示对于COLO205细胞,抗-CanAg(huC242)-磺酸酯交联剂-美登木素生物碱缀合物的细胞毒性,其具有增加的美登木素生物碱负载(E:A)。
图61显示对于多抗药性COLO205-MDR细胞,抗-CanAg(huC242)-磺酸酯交联剂-美登木素生物碱缀合物的细胞毒性,其具有增加的美登木素生物碱负载(E:A)。
图62比较交联剂中具有或不具有磺酸酯基的抗-CanAg(huC242)-美登木素生物碱缀合物对于多抗药性(多药耐性)COLO205-MDR细胞的细胞毒性。
图63比较交联剂中具有或不具有磺酸酯基的抗-EpCAM(B38.1)-美登木素生物碱缀合物对于多抗药性(多药耐性)COLO205-MDR细胞的细胞毒性。
图64比较交联剂中具有或不具有磺酸酯基的抗-EpCAM(B38.1)-美登木素生物碱缀合物对于多抗药性(多药耐性)HCT15细胞的细胞毒性。
图65比较交联剂中具有或不具有磺酸酯基的抗-EpCAM(B38.1)-美登木素生物碱缀合物对于多抗药性(多药耐性)COLO205-MDR细胞的细胞毒性。
图66显示抗-EpCAM抗体-美登木素生物碱缀合物对COLO205mdr异种移植物(个体肿瘤)的体内抗肿瘤活性。
图67显示抗-EpCAM抗体-美登木素生物碱缀合物对COLO205异种移植物(个体肿瘤)的体内抗肿瘤活性。
图68-70显示合成包含磺酸的交联试剂的方法。这些试剂具有活性羧酸酯和允许经硫醚键连接的马来酰亚胺基。
图71显示合成包含季胺的交联试剂的方法。这些试剂也具有活性羧酸酯和允许经二硫键连接的吡啶基二硫基。
图72(A)和(B)显示在CD-1小鼠中分别以12.9mg/kg和7.9mg/kg给药(i.v.)的、具有3.5DM4/Ab或6.4DM4/Ab的huC242抗体-磺基-马来酰亚胺基(Mal)-[3H-标记]-DM4缀合物的血浆药物动力学。A.Ab浓度(通过ELISA或3H计数测量)对给药后的时间。B.美登木素生物碱(DM4)/抗体(Ab)比对给药后的时间。
在图1-71中,当适用时,n表示0或1至10的整数,和m表示0或1至2000的整数。
发明详述
本文公开的新型的缀合物使用带电荷或预带电荷的交联剂。一些合适的交联剂的实例和它们的合成在图1至10中显示。优选地,带电荷或预带电荷的交联剂是包含磺酸酯取代基、磷酸酯取代基、羧基取代基或季胺取代基的那些,其显著增加改性细胞结合剂和细胞结合剂-药物缀合物的溶解性,特别是对于2至20药物/抗体连接的单克隆抗体-药物缀合物。由包含预带电荷部分的交联剂制备的缀合物在缀合物在细胞中代谢后将产生一个或多个带电荷部分。
交联剂
产生本发明的带电荷交联剂的合成路径在图1-49中显示。产生具有预带电荷部分的交联剂的合成路径在图50、52和54中显示。图51、53和55显示各预带电荷的交联剂中每一个与药物和单克隆抗体的缀合物,以及这些缀合物如何在靶细胞中代谢以生成带电荷代谢物。交联剂具有三个组成部分:a)带电荷或者当使用这些交联剂的缀合物在细胞中代谢时将变成带电荷的取代基。电荷将是阴离子,诸如但不限于羧酸根、磺酸根或者磷酸根,或者阳离子,诸如但不限于叔胺、季胺或者伯胺或含氮杂环,b)能够与细胞结合剂反应的基团,诸如N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯、马来酰亚胺基、卤代乙酰基和酰肼,以及c)能够与药物反应的基团,诸如但不限于二硫基、马来酰亚胺基、卤代乙酰基和酰肼。带电荷或预带电荷的取代基可以通过本文描述的方法引入。例如,磺酸根电荷可以这样引入:首先用硫代乙酸酯处理商业可获得的卤代酯化合物以产生硫代乙酰基化合物、然后使用过氧化氢将硫代乙酰基氧化为磺酸根基团。包含磷酸根的交联剂可以通过本文描述的方法合成。首先,期望的活性基团,诸如但不限于巯基、马来酰亚胺、卤代乙酰基和酰肼,通过图6-10中显示的反应引入,然后通过水解磷酸酯生成具有磷酸根的带电荷交联剂。带正电荷季胺取代基可以通过胺与α,β-不饱和酮的反应引入交联剂中(参见例如图13和37)。可选地,带电荷的胺取代基可以通过用选择的胺或含氮杂环取代卤素引入。
优选地,交联剂是以下式(I)的化合物:
Y′表示能够与细胞结合剂反应的官能团;
Q表示能够经二硫键、硫醚键、硫酯键、肽键、腙键、酯键、醚键、氨基甲酸酯键或酰胺键连接药物的官能团;
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10是相同的或者不同的,并且是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、具有2至6个碳原子的线性、支化或环状烯基或炔基、阴离子诸如但不限于SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、PO3 2-、X-PO3 2-、CO2 -,阳离子诸如但不限于含氮杂环、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13或苯基,其中:
R11、R12和R13是相同的或者不同的,并且是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基,和X表示苯基或者具有1至6个碳原子的线性烷基、或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基;
l、m和n是0或1至4的整数;和
A是苯基或取代的苯基,其中取代基是具有1至6个碳原子的线性烷基、或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基,或者选自下述的带电荷取代基:阴离子,例如但不限于SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、PO3 2-、X-PO3 2-、CO2 -,和阳离子诸如但不限于含氮杂环、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13,其中X具有与以上相同的定义,和其中g是0或1;
Z是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至约1000的整数,或者F1-E1-P-E2-F2单元,其中E1和E2是相同的或者不同的,并且是C=O、O或NR14,其中R14是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、具有2至6个碳原子的线性、支化或者环状烯基或炔基;P是长度在2和20个氨基酸之间的肽单元,其中E1或E2可以通过末端氮、末端碳或者通过肽的氨基酸之一的侧链连接到肽;以及F1和F2是相同的或者不同的,并且是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至约1000的整数,条件是当Z不是F1-E1-P-E2-F2时,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10中的至少一个是带电荷的取代基,或者当g是1时,A、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10中的至少一个是带电荷的取代基。
能够与细胞结合剂反应的官能团Y′的实例包括:胺反应剂,诸如但不限于N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯、对-硝基苯基酯、二硝基苯基酯、五氟苯基酯;巯基反应剂,诸如但不限于吡啶基二硫化物、硝基吡啶基二硫化物、马来酰亚胺、卤代乙酸酯和羧酸氯化物。
能够连接细胞毒性药物的官能团Q的实例包括能够经二硫键、硫醚键、硫酯键、肽键、腙键、酯键、氨基甲酸酯键或酰胺键连接的基团。这些官能团包括但不限于巯基、二硫基、氨基、羧基、醛基、马来酰亚胺基、卤代乙酰基、酰肼和羟基。
线性烷基的实例包括甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基和己基。具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基的实例包括异丙基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基和环己基。
具有2至6个碳原子的线性烯基的实例包括乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基、己烯基。具有2至6个碳原子的支化或环状烯基的实例包括异丁烯基、异戊烯基、2-甲基-1-戊烯基、2-甲基-2-戊烯基。
具有2至6个碳原子的线性炔基的实例包括乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基。具有多至6个碳原子的支化或环状炔基的实例包括3-甲基-1-丁炔、3-甲基-1-戊炔、4-甲基-2-己炔。
在优选的实施方式中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R9、R10中的一个是选自磺酸根、磷酸根或三烷基铵的带电荷取代基,并且其余是H,l、g和m每个是0,n=1,Q和Y′每个独立地是二硫键取代基、马来酰亚胺基、卤代乙酰基或者N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯。在另一个更优选的实施方式中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R9、R10中的一个是磺酸根,并且其余是H,l、g和m每个是0,n=1,Q是二硫键、马来酰亚胺基或卤代乙酰基部分,和Y′是马来酰亚胺基部分或N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯。在进一步更优选的实施方式中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R9、R10中的一个是磺酸根,并且其余是H,l、g和m每个是0,n=1,Q是吡啶基二硫基或硝基吡啶基二硫基、马来酰亚胺基或卤代乙酰基部分,和Y′是N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯。
式(I)的包含2-二硫代硝基吡啶基和2-二硫代-二硝基吡啶基的交联剂的合成例如在图1、2中显示,以及相应的式(I)的包含4-二硫代硝基吡啶基和4-二硫代-二硝基吡啶基的交联剂的合成例如在图6中显示。具有磺酸基的式(I)的包含马来酰亚胺基的带电荷交联剂的合成例如在图3、4和5中显示。具有磷酸基的式(I)的包含马来酰亚胺基的带电荷交联剂的合成例如在图9和10中显示。式(I)的包含季胺的带电荷交联剂的合成例如在图13和14中显示。式(I)的包含聚乙二醇的带电荷交联剂的合成例如在图17-21中显示。式(I)的具有能够经酸不稳定键连接的酰肼部分的带电荷交联剂的合成例如在图24-36中显示。
细胞结合剂-药物缀合物
使用带电荷或者预带电荷交联剂,可以引入高数量(>6)的药物分子。在非限制性实例中,图57示例使用本发明的带电荷交联剂制备的细胞结合剂-药物缀合物显示高的效力。另外,效力是靶选择性的(参见,例如,图58),因为即使在连接高数量的药物分子之后,缀合物对于靶细胞是高效力的,但是对于非靶细胞是非常小的效力。如在图59中示例,质谱分析表明药物经带电荷交联剂共价连接到细胞结合剂。
本发明的缀合物可以由下式CB-(-Lc-D)q表示,其中CB是细胞结合剂,Lc是带电荷或预带电荷交联剂,D是药物分子,和q是1至20的整数。
优选地,缀合物具有下式(II):
其中CB表示细胞结合剂,
D表示通过二硫键、硫醚键、硫酯键、肽键、腙键、酯键、氨基甲酸酯键或酰胺键连接到细胞结合剂的药物;
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10是相同的或者不同的,并且是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、具有2至6个碳原子的线性、支化或环状烯基或炔基、阴离子诸如但不限于SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、PO3 2-、X-PO3 2-、CO2 -和阳离子诸如但不限于含氮杂环、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13或苯基,其中:
R11、R12和R13是相同的或者不同的,并且是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基,和X表示苯基或者具有1至6个碳原子的线性烷基、或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基;
l、m和n是0或1至4的整数;
A是苯基或取代的苯基,其中取代基是具有1至6个碳原子的线性烷基、或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基,或者选自下述的带电荷取代基:阴离子,例如但不限于SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、PO3 2-、X-PO3 2-、CO2 -,阳离子诸如但不限于含氮杂环、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13,其中X具有与以上相同的定义,和其中g是0或1;
Z是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至约1000的整数,或者F1-E1-P-E2-F2单元,其中E1和E2是相同的或者不同的,并且是C=O、O或NR14,其中R14是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、具有2至6个碳原子的线性、支化或者环状烯基或炔基;P是长度在2和20个氨基酸之间的肽单元,其中E1或E2可以通过末端氮、末端碳或者通过肽的氨基酸之一的侧链连接到肽;以及F1和F2是相同的或者不同的,并且是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至约1000的整数,条件是当Z不是F1-E1-P-E2-F2时,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10中的至少一个是带电荷的取代基,或者当g是1时,A、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10中的至少一个是带电荷的取代基;
Y表示羰基、硫醚基、酰胺基、二硫基或腙基;和q表示1至20的整数。
如以下更详细地描述,药物可以是多种小分子药物中的任一种,包括但不限于美登木素生物碱类(maytansinoids)、CC-1065类似物、吗啉类、阿霉素类、紫杉烷类、自念珠藻环肽类(cryptophycins)、埃博霉素类(epothilones)、加里刹霉素类(calicheamicins)、阿里他汀类(auristatins)和吡咯并苯并二氮杂二聚体类(pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimmers)。
在优选的实施方式中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R9、R10中的一个是选自磺酸根、磷酸根、羧酸根或三烷基铵的带电荷取代基,并且其余是H,l、g和m每个是0,n=1,D是美登木素生物碱、CC-1065类似物或吡咯并苯并二氮杂二聚体。在另一个更优选的实施方式中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R9、R10中的一个是磺酸根,并且其余是H,l、g和m每个是0,n=1,D是经二硫键、硫酯键或硫醚键连接的美登木素生物碱、CC-1065类似物或吡咯并苯并二氮杂二聚体。在进一步更优选的实施方式中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R9、R10中的一个是磺酸根,并且其余是H,l、g和m每个是0,n=1,和Q是美登木素生物碱、CC-1065类似物或紫杉烷。
在优选的实施方式中,当Z是F1-E1-P-E2-F2单元时,E1和E2是相同的或者不同的,并且是C=O或NR14,其中R14是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基,P是长度在2和8个氨基酸之间的肽单元,其中E1或E2可以通过末端氮、末端碳或者通过肽的氨基酸之一的侧链连接到肽,优选的氨基酸残基是甘氨酸(gly)、丙氨酸(ala)、亮氨酸(leu)、谷氨酸(glu)或赖氨酸(lys),其可以以任何组合或任何顺序(例如,gly-gly-gly或ala-leu-ala-leu等)使用;以及F1和F2是相同的或者不同的,并且是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至约1000的整数。
在更优选的实施方式中,当Z是F1-E1-P-E2-F2单元时,E1和E2是相同的或者不同的,并且是C=O或NR14,其中R14是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基,P是长度在2和5个氨基酸之间的肽单元,其中E1或E2可以通过末端氮、末端碳或者通过肽的氨基酸之一的侧链连接到肽;以及F1和F2是相同的或者不同的,并且是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至24的整数。
优选地,结合到每个细胞结合剂的药物的数目q是1-20,更优选为2-18,和甚至更优选为2-16,和最优选为2-10。
为了合成缀合物,细胞结合剂可以用本发明的交联剂改性以引入活性二硫基、马来酰亚胺基、卤代乙酰基或酰肼基。经二硫键连接的细胞结合剂-药物缀合物的合成,通过改性细胞结合剂中的二硫键和包含游离巯基的药物之间的二硫键交换实现。经硫醚键连接的细胞结合剂-药物缀合物的合成,通过马来酰亚胺或卤代乙酰基改性的细胞结合剂和包含游离巯基的药物的反应实现。具有酸不稳定腙连接的缀合物的合成通过羰基与交联剂中的酰肼部分的反应、通过现有技术中已知的方法实现(参见,例如P.Hamann等人,BioConjugate Chem.,13;40-46,2002;B.Laguzza等人,J.Med.Chem.,32;548-555,1959;P.Trail等人,Cancer Res.,57;100-105,1997)。
可选地,药物可以用本发明的交联剂改性以生成具有能够与细胞结合剂反应的官能团的式(IV)的改性药物。例如,包含巯基的药物可以与具有马来酰亚胺基取代基的带电荷或预带电荷的式(I)交联剂在中性pH、在水缓冲液中反应,生成经硫醚键连接到带电荷交联剂的药物。包含巯基的药物可以与具有吡啶基二巯基部分的带电荷交联剂进行二硫键交换,生成经二硫键连接到带电荷交联剂的改性药物。具有羟基的药物可以与具有卤素的带电荷或预带电荷的交联剂在弱碱存在下反应,生成具有醚连接键的改性药物。包含羟基的药物可以与具有羧基的式(I)的带电荷交联剂在脱水剂诸如二环己基碳酰亚胺存在下缩合,生成酯连接。包含氨基的药物可以与在式(I)的带电荷或预带电荷的交联剂上的羧基类似地进行缩合,生成酰胺键。
缀合物可以通过标准的生物化学方法纯化,诸如在Sephadex G25或Sephacryl S300柱上凝胶过滤、吸附层析和离子交换或者通过先前描述的透析。在一些情况中(例如,叶酸、促黑激素、EGF等),细胞结合剂-药物缀合物可以通过层析法诸如通过HPLC、中压柱层析或离子交换进行纯化。
改性的细胞结合剂
通过与本发明的交联剂反应改性的细胞结合剂优选地由式(III)表示:
其中取代基如以上对于带电荷或预带电荷交联剂和细胞结合剂药物缀合物所描述。
在优选的实施方式中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R9、R10中的一个是选自磺酸根、磷酸根、羧酸根或三烷基铵的带电荷取代基,和其余是H,l、g和m每个是0,n=1,Q是二硫键取代基、马来酰亚胺基、卤代乙酰基或N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯,和Y是硫醚、酰胺或二硫化物。在另一个更优选的实施方式中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R9、R10中的一个是磺酸根,和其余是H,l、g和m每个是0,n=1,Q是二硫化物、马来酰亚胺基或卤代乙酰基部分,和Y是硫醚、酰胺或二硫化物。在进一步更优选的实施方式中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R9、R10中的一个是磺酸根,和其余是H,l、g和m每个是0,n=1,Q是吡啶基二硫基或者硝基吡啶基二巯基,和Y是硫醚、酰胺或二硫化物。
在优选的实施方式中,当Z是F1-E1-P-E2-F2单元时,E1和E2是相同的或者不同的,并且是C=O或NR14,其中R14是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基,P是长度在2和8个氨基酸之间的肽单元,其中E1或E2可通过末端氮、末端碳或者通过肽的氨基酸之一的侧链连接到肽,优选的氨基酸残基是甘氨酸(gly)、丙氨酸(ala)、亮氨酸(leu)、谷氨酸(glu)或赖氨酸(lys),其可以以任何组合或任何顺序(例如,gly-gly-gly或ala-leu-ala-leu等)使用;以及F1和F2是相同的或者不同的,并且是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至约1000的整数。
在更优选的实施方式中,当Z是F1-E1-P-E2-F2单元时,E1和E2是相同的或者不同的,并且是C=O或NR14,其中R14是H或具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基,P是长度在2和5个氨基酸之间的肽单元,其中E1或E2可以通过末端氮、末端碳或者通过肽的氨基酸之一的侧链连接到肽;以及F1和F2是相同的或者不同的,并且是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至24的整数。
改性的细胞结合剂可以通过将细胞结合剂与带电荷交联剂通过本领域中对于其它交联剂已知的方法进行反应而制备(美国专利6,340,70181、5,846,545、5,585,499、5,475,092、5,414,064、5,208,020和4,563,304;R.V.J.Chari等人Cancer Research 52,127-131,1992;R.V.J.Chari等人Cancer Research 55,4079-4084,1995;J.Carlsson等人173Biochem.J.(1978)723-737(1978);Goff,D.A.,Carroll,S.F.1BioConjugate Chem.381-386(1990);L.Delprino等人82 J.Pharm.Sci.506-512(1993);S.Arpicco等人,8BioConjugate Chem 327-337(1997))。有利地,因为交联剂基团是水中可溶的或者只需要小的百分比的有机溶剂以维持在水性溶液中的溶解性,细胞结合剂和交联剂之间的反应可以在水性溶液中进行。交联试剂在水性缓冲液中溶解,水性缓冲液任选地包含小量(按体积计通常<10%)与水可混溶的极性有机溶剂,例如不同的醇类,诸如高浓度如1-100mM的甲醇、乙醇和丙醇,二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺或者二甲亚砜,随后合适的等分部分加至细胞结合剂的缓冲水溶液中。合适的等分部分是每个细胞结合剂引入1-10个交联基团的溶液的量,优选为1-5个基团,和被加入的体积应该不超过细胞结合剂溶液的体积的10%,优选为5%和最优选为0-3%。细胞结合剂的水溶液是pH 6和9之间的缓冲液,优选为6.5和7.5之间,并且可以包含对这些pH范围有用的任何非亲核缓冲盐。典型的缓冲液包括磷酸盐、盐酸三乙醇胺、HEPES和MOPS缓冲液,其可以包含另外的组分,诸如蔗糖和盐如NaCl。在加入后,反应在4℃至40℃的温度温育,优选为在环境温度。反应的进程可以通过测量在495nm或另外合适的波长处的吸光度的增加来监测。在反应完成后,可以以常规方式进行改性细胞结合剂的分离,使用例如凝胶过滤层析或吸附层析。
改性的程度可以通过测量释放的硝基吡啶硫酮基、二硝基吡啶二硫酮基、酰胺基吡啶二硫酮基或二酰胺基吡啶二硫酮基的吸光度进行评估。在非限制性实例中,图56显示细胞结合剂C242抗体用本发明的磺酸酯交联剂改性的结果。交联剂/抗体(L/A)合并的时间进程例如与连接的药物/抗体(D/A)一起显示。本文描述的带电荷或预带电荷的交联剂具有可以与具有合适取代基的任何细胞结合剂反应的不同的官能团。例如,具有氨基或羟基取代基的细胞结合剂可以与具有N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯的交联剂反应,具有巯基取代基的细胞结合剂可以与具有马来酰亚胺基或卤代乙酰基的交联剂反应。另外,具有羰基取代基的细胞结合剂可以与具有酰肼的交联剂反应。基于在细胞结合剂上可利用的官能团的已知反应性,本领域技术人员可以容易地确定使用哪种交联剂。
具有正电荷的交联剂(例如,化合物214,图71)可以在pH在5和9之间的水性缓冲液中与细胞结合剂直接反应,该水性缓冲液任选地包含有机助溶剂(例如1至20%二甲基乙酰胺或乙醇)以提供具有正电荷和巯基的改性的细胞结合剂。细胞结合剂的巯基可以与具有马来酰亚胺基、卤代乙酰胺基或活性二硫键(例如吡啶二硫基、硝基吡啶二硫基)的细胞毒性药物反应,以提供缀合物。缀合物可以通过以上描述的方法纯化。
可选地,具有正电荷和活性酯的交联剂(例如,化合物216,图71)可以与细胞结合剂(例如,通过其赖氨酸氨基)直接反应,以引入正电荷和活性二硫键。与如以上描述的包含巯基的细胞毒性药物的反应可以提供具有正电荷的缀合物。
改性的细胞毒性药物
通过与本发明的交联剂反应改性的细胞毒性药物优选为由式(IV)表示:
其中取代基为如上对于带电荷或预带电荷交联剂和细胞结合剂药物缀合物所描述的。
在优选的实施方式中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R9、R10中的一个是选自磺酸根、磷酸根、羧基或三烷基铵的带电荷取代基,和其余是H,l、g和m每个是0,n=1,Y,是二硫键取代基、马来酰亚胺基、卤代乙酰基或N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯。在另一个更优选的实施方式中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R9、R10中的一个是磺酸根,和其余是H,l、g和m每个是0,n=1,和Y′是马来酰亚胺基部分或N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯。在进一步更优选的实施方式中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R9、R10中的一个是磺酸根,和其余是H,l、g和m每个是0,n=1,和Y′是N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯。
在优选的实施方式中,当Z是F1-E1-P-E2-F2单元时,E1和E2是相同的或者不同的,并且是C=O或NR14,其中R14是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基,P是长度在2和8个氨基酸之间的肽单元,其中E1或E2可通过末端氮、末端碳或者通过肽的氨基酸之一的侧链连接到肽,优选的氨基酸残基是甘氨酸(gly)、丙氨酸(ala)、亮氨酸(leu)、谷氨酸(glu)或赖氨酸(lys),其可以以任何组合或任何顺序(例如,gly-gly-gly或ala-leu-ala-leu等)使用;以及F1和F2是相同的或者不同的,并且是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至约1000的整数。
在更优选的实施方式中,当Z是F1-E1-P-E2-F2单元时,E1和E2是相同的或者不同的,并且是C=O或NR14,其中R14是H或具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基,P是长度在2和5个氨基酸之间的肽单元,其中E1或E2可以通过末端氮、末端碳或者通过肽的氨基酸之一的侧链连接到肽;以及F1和F2是相同的或者不同的,并且是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至24的整数。
改性的药物可以通过药物与本发明的交联剂反应制备,以生成具有能够与细胞结合剂反应的官能团的式(IV)的改性药物。例如,包含巯基的药物可以与具有马来酰亚胺取代基的带电荷或预带电荷的式(I)交联剂在中性pH、在水性缓冲液中反应,生成经硫醚键连接到带电荷或预带电荷交联剂的药物。包含巯基的药物可以与具有吡啶二巯基部分的带电荷或预带电荷的交联剂进行二硫键交换,生成经二硫键连接到带电荷或预带电荷交联剂的改性药物。具有羟基的药物可以与具有卤素的带电荷的交联剂在弱碱存在下反应,生成具有醚连接的改性药物。包含羟基的药物可以与具有羧基的式(I)的带电荷交联剂在脱水剂诸如二环己基碳酰亚胺存在下缩合,生成酯连接。包含氨基的药物可以与在式(I)的带电荷或预带电荷交联剂上的羧基类似地进行缩合,生成酰胺键。改性的药物可以通过标准的方法诸如在硅胶或氧化铝上的柱层析、结晶、制备型薄层层析、离子交换层析或HPLC进行纯化。
细胞结合剂
构成本发明的缀合物和改性细胞结合剂的细胞结合剂可以是目前已知的任何种类或变成已知的任何种类,并且包括肽和非肽。细胞结合剂可以是以特异或非特异方式结合细胞的任何化合物。一般而言,这些可以是抗体(特别是单克隆抗体和抗体片段)、adnectins(美国专利公开号20070082365)、干扰素、淋巴因子、激素、生长因子、维生素、营养物质运输分子(诸如运铁蛋白)、或任何其它细胞结合分子或物质。
当细胞结合剂是抗体时(例如,鼠的、人源化的、表面重塑的或者嵌合的或者本领域技术人员已知的任何其它抗体),它结合到是多肽和可以是跨膜分子(例如受体)或配体如生长因子的抗原。示例性的抗原包括诸如肾素的分子;生长激素,包括人生长激素和牛生长激素;生长激素释放因子;甲状旁腺激素;甲状腺刺激激素;脂蛋白;α-1-抗胰蛋白酶;胰岛素A-链;胰岛素B-链;胰岛素原;促卵泡激素;降钙素;黄体生成素;胰高血糖素;凝血因子如因子vmc、因子IX、组织因子(TF)和von Willebrands因子;抗凝血因子如蛋白C;心房钠尿肽;肺表面活性剂;纤溶酶原激活物诸如尿激酶或人尿或组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA);铃蟾肽;凝血酶;造血生长因子;肿瘤坏死因子-α和-β;脑啡肽酶;RANTES(在通常T-细胞表达和分泌的活化作用上调节);人巨噬细胞炎性蛋白(MIP-1-α);血清白蛋白,诸如人血清白蛋白;苗勒(Muellerian)抑制物质;松弛素A-链;松弛素B-链;前松弛素;鼠促性腺激素相关肽;微生物蛋白,诸如β-内酰胺酶;DNase;IgE;细胞毒性T-淋巴细胞相关抗原(CTLA),诸如CTLA-4;抑制素;激活蛋白;血管内皮生长因子(VEGF);激素或生长因子的受体;蛋白A或D;类风湿因子;神经营养因子,诸如骨衍生神经营养因子(BDNF)、神经营养蛋白-3、-4、-5或-6(NT-3、NT4、NT-5或NT-6)或神经生长因子诸如NGF-β;血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF);成纤维细胞生长因子诸如aFGF和bFGF;表皮生长因子(EGF);转化生长因子(TGF),诸如TGF-α和TGF-β,包括TGF-β1、TGF-β2、TGF-β3、TGF-β4或TGF-β5;胰岛素样生长因子-I和-II(IGF-I和IGF-II);des(1-3)-IGF-I(脑IGF-I)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白、EpCAM、GD3、FLT3、PSMA、PSCA、MUC1、MUC16、STEAP、CEA、TENB2、EphA受体、EphB受体、叶酸受体、间皮素、cripto、αvβ6、整联蛋白、VEGF、VEGFR、运铁蛋白受体、IRTA1、IRTA2、IRTA3、IRTA4、IRTA5;CD蛋白,诸如CD2、CD3、CD4、CD5、CD6、CD8、CD11、CD14、CD19、CD20、CD21、CD22、CD23、CD25、CD26、CD28、CD30、CD33、CD36、CD37、CD38、CD40、CD44、CD52、CD55、CD56、CD59、CD70、CD79、CD80、CD81、CD103、CD105、CD134、CD137、CD138、CD152或在美国专利公开号20080171040或美国专利公开号20080305044中公开的结合一种或多种肿瘤相关的抗原或细胞表面受体的抗体,它们通过引用整体并入;红细胞生成素;骨诱导因子;免疫毒素;骨形态发生蛋白(BMP);干扰素,诸如干扰素-α、-β和-γ;集落刺激因子(CSFs),例如M-CSF、GM-CSF和G-CSF;白细胞介素(ILs),例如,IL-1到IL-10;超氧化物岐化酶;T-细胞受体;表面膜蛋白;衰变加速因子;病毒抗原,诸如,例如HIV包膜蛋白的一部分;转运蛋白;归巢受体;地址素;调节蛋白;整联蛋白,诸如CD11a、CD11b、CD11c、CD18、ICAM、VLA-4、EpCAM和VCAM;肿瘤相关抗原诸如HER2、HER3或HER4受体;以及以上列出任一多肽的片段。
本发明考虑的抗体的优选抗原也包括:CD蛋白,诸如CD3、CD4、CD8、CD19、CD20、CD34和CD46;ErbB受体家族的成员,诸如EGF受体、HER2、HER3或HER4受体;细胞黏着分子,诸如LFA-1、Macl、p150.95、VLA-4、ICAM-1、VCAM、EpCAM、α4/β7整联蛋白和αv/β3整联蛋白,包括其α或β亚类(例如抗-CD11a、抗-CD18或抗-CD11b抗体);生长因子,诸如VEGF;组织因子(TF);TGF-β;α干扰素(α-IFN);白细胞介素,诸如IL-8;IgE;血型抗原Apo2、死亡受体;flk2/flt3受体;肥胖(OB)受体;mpl受体;CTLA-4;蛋白C等。可以使用的优选的抗体是CD2、CD3、CD4、CD5、CD6、CD11、CD19、CD20、CD22、CD26、CD30、CD33、CD37、CD38、CD40、CD44、CD56、CD79、CD105、CD138的受体、EphA受体(例如,EphA2受体)、EphB受体、EGFr、EGFRvIII、HER2、HER3、曲妥单抗、帕妥珠单抗(pertuzumab)间皮素(mesothelin)、chpto、αvβ6、整联蛋白、VEGF、VEGFR、叶酸受体(例如,FOLR1)、运铁蛋白受体、GD3、EpCAM或或在美国专利公开号20080171040或美国专利公开号20080305044公开的结合一种或多种肿瘤相关的抗原或细胞表面受体的抗体,它们通过引用整体并入。
可以使用的细胞结合剂的另外的实例包括:
-表面重塑抗体(美国专利号5,639,641);
-人源化或完全的人抗体,其选自但不限于huMy9-6、huB4、huC242、huN901、DS6、CD38、IGF-IR、CNTO 95、B-B4、曲妥单抗、帕妥珠单抗、比伐珠单抗、西罗珠单抗和利妥昔单抗((参见例如,美国专利5,639,641、5,665,357和7,342,110;美国临时专利申请第60/424,332号;国际专利申请WO02/16,401;美国专利公开号20060045877;美国专利公开号20060127407;美国专利公开号20050118183;Pedersen等人,(1994)J.Mol.Biol.235,959-973,Roguska等人,(1994)Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,Vol 91,969-973,见上,Colomer等人,Cancer Invest.,19:49-56(2001),Heider等人,Eur.J.Cancer,31A:2385-2391(1995),Welt等人,J.Clin.Oncol,12:1193-1203(1994),and Maloney等人,Blood,90:2188-2195(1997));和
-抗体的表位结合片段,诸如sFv、Fab、Fab′和F(ab′)2(Parham,J.Immunol.131:2895-2902(1983);Spring等人,J.Immunol.113:470-478(1974);Nisonoff等人,Arch.Biochem.Biophys.89:230-244(1960))。
其它细胞结合剂包括其它细胞结合蛋白和多肽,示例为但不限于:
-锚蛋白重复蛋白(DARPins;Zahnd等人,J.Biol.Chem.,281,46,35167-35175,(2006);Binz,H.K.,Amstutz,P.&Pluckthun,A.(2005)NatureBiotechnology,23,1257-1268)或锚蛋白样重复蛋白或合成肽,其例如在美国专利公开号20070238667;美国专利号7,101,675;WO/2007/147213和WO/2007/062466中描述的;
-干扰素(例如α、β、γ);
-淋巴因子诸如IL-2、IL-3、IL-4、IL-6;
-激素诸如胰岛素、TRH(促甲状腺激素释放激素)、MSH(黑素细胞刺激素)、类固醇激素诸如雄激素和雌激素;
-维生素诸如叶酸;
-生长因子和集落刺激因子诸如EGF、TGF-α、G-CSF、M-CSF和GM-CSF(Burgess,Immunology Today 5:155-158(1984));和
-运铁蛋白(O’Keefe等人,J.Biol.Chem.260:932-937(1985))。
单克隆抗体技术允许生产单克隆抗体形式的特异性细胞结合剂。本领域尤其熟知的是生产通过用感兴趣的抗原免疫小鼠、大鼠、仓鼠或任何其它哺乳动物产生的单克隆抗体的技术,所述感兴趣的抗原如完整靶细胞、从靶细胞中分离出的抗原、全病毒、灭活的全病毒和病毒蛋白如病毒外壳蛋白。也可使用敏化人体细胞。另一种产生单克隆抗体的方法是使用sFv(单链可变区),特别是人sFv的噬菌体库(参见例如,Griffiths等,美国专利号5,885,793;McCafferty等,WO92/01047;Liming等,WO 99/06587)。
合适的细胞结合剂的选择是取决于待靶向的特定细胞群体的选择事项,但一般而言,如果可以得到合适的,优选单克隆抗体和其表位结合片段。
例如,单克隆单体My9是鼠的IgG2a抗体,其对急性骨髓白血病(AML)细胞上发现的CD33抗原是特异的(Roy等,Blood 77:2404-2412(1991)),并且可被用于治疗AML患者。类似地,单克隆抗体抗B4是鼠的IgG1,其与B细胞上的CD19抗原结合(Nadler等,J.Immunol.131:244-250(1983)),并且如果靶细胞是B细胞或在如非-霍奇金淋巴瘤或慢性淋巴母细胞白血病中表达这种抗原的患病细胞,则可以使用单克隆抗体抗B4。类似地,抗体N901是鼠的单克隆IgG1抗体,其与在小细胞肺癌细胞和其它原神经内分泌起源的肿瘤细胞上发现的CD56结合(Roy等J.Nat.Cancer Inst.88:1136-1145(1996));与CanAg抗原结合的C242抗体;帕妥珠单抗,与HER2/neu结合的曲妥珠单抗抗体,和抗EGF受体的抗体。
另外,GM-CSF——其与骨髓细胞结合——可被用作急性骨髓白血病的病细胞的细胞结合剂。IL-2——其结合到活化的T细胞——可被用于防止移植体移植排斥,用于治疗和预防移植物抗宿主疾病,以及用于治疗急性T细胞白血病。与黑素细胞结合的MSH可被用于治疗黑素瘤。叶酸——其靶向在卵巢癌和其它癌上表达的叶酸受体——也是合适的细胞结合剂。
乳腺癌和睾丸癌可以分别用作为细胞结合剂的雌激素(或雌激素类似物)或雄激素(或雄激素类似物)成功地靶向。
药物
在本发明中可以使用的药物包括化疗剂。“化疗剂”是在治疗癌症中有用的化学化合物。化疗剂的实例包括烷基化剂,诸如硫化三磷和环磷酰胺(CYTOXANTM);磺酸烷基酯,诸如白消安、英丙舒凡和嗪消安;吖丙啶类,诸如苯并多巴(benzodopa)、卡波醌、美妥替哌(meturedopa)和乌瑞替哌(uredopa);氮丙啶类和甲基密胺类(methylamelamines),包括六甲密胺、三亚乙基密胺(triethylenemelamine)、三亚乙基磷酰胺(trietylenephosphoramide)、三亚乙基硫代磷酰胺(triethylenethiophosphaoramide)和三羟甲基密胺(trimethylolomelamine);多聚乙酰类(acetogenins)(尤其是布拉它辛(bullatacin)和布拉它辛酮(bullatacinone));喜树碱(包括合成的类似物托波替康);苔藓抑素(bryostatin);海绵多聚乙酰(callystatin);CC-1065(包括它的阿多来新、卡折来新和比折来新合成类似物);自念珠藻环肽类(特别是自念珠藻环肽1和自念珠藻环肽8);多拉司他汀;多卡米辛(duocarmycin)(包括合成类似物KW-2189和CBI-TMI);软珊瑚醇(eleutherobin);水鬼蕉碱(pancratistatin);匍枝珊瑚醇(sarcodictyin);海绵司他汀(spongistatin);氮芥类诸如苯丁酸氮芥、萘氮芥(chlomaphazine)、胆磷酰胺(cholophosphamide)、雌莫司汀、异环磷酰胺、氮芥(mechlorethamine)、盐酸氧化氮芥(mechlorethamine oxidehydrochloride)、美法仑、新氮芥、苯芥胆甾醇、泼尼莫司汀、曲磷胺、乌拉莫司汀;亚硝基脲,诸如卡莫司汀、氯脲菌素、福莫司汀、洛莫司汀、尼莫司汀、雷莫司汀;抗生素,诸如烯二炔(enediyne)抗生素(例如,加里刹霉素,尤其是加里刹霉素γ1和加里刹霉素θI,参见例如Angew Chem Intl.Ed.Engl.33:183-186(1994);达内霉素,包括达内霉素A;埃斯培拉霉素(esperamicin);以及新制癌菌素生色团和相关的色蛋白烯二炔抗生素生色团类(chromoprotein enediyne antiobioticchromomophores)、阿克拉霉素(aclacinomysins)、放线菌素(actinomycin)、安曲霉素(authramycin)、偶氮丝氨酸、博来霉素类、放线菌素C、卡拉比星(carabicin)、去甲柔红霉素、嗜癌霉素;洋红霉素(chromomycins)、防线菌素D、柔红霉素、地拖比星、6-重氮基-5-氧代-L-正亮氨酸、阿霉素(包括吗啉-阿霉素、氰基吗啉-阿霉素、2-吡咯啉并-阿霉素和脱氧阿霉素)、表柔比星、依索比星、依达比星、麻西罗霉素、丝裂霉素类、麦考酚酸、诺拉霉素、橄榄霉素、培洛霉素、泊非霉素(potfiromycin)、嘌罗霉素、三铁阿霉素、罗多比星、链黑霉素、链佐星、杀结核菌素(tubercidin)、乌苯美司(ubenimex)、净司他丁(zinostatin)、佐柔比星(zorubicin);抗代谢药,诸如甲氨蝶呤和5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU);叶酸类似物,诸如二甲叶酸、甲氨蝶呤、蝶罗呤、三甲曲沙;嘌呤类似物,诸如氟达拉滨、6-巯基嘌呤、硫咪嘌呤、硫鸟嘌呤;嘧啶类似物,诸如安西他滨、阿扎胞苷、6-氮尿苷、卡莫氟、阿糖胞苷、二脱氧尿苷、去氧氟尿苷、依诺他滨、氟尿苷、5-FU;雄激素类,诸如卡普睾酮、丙酸甲雄烷酮、环硫雄醇、美雄烷、睾内酯;抗肾上腺类,诸如氨鲁米特、米托坦、曲洛司坦;叶酸补充剂,诸如亚叶酸(frolinic acid);醋葡醛内酯;醛磷酰胺糖苷;氨基乙酰丙酸;安吖啶;斑曲布星(bestrabucil);比生群;依达曲沙;得佛法明(defofamine);秋水酰胺;地吖醌;依氟尿氨酸(elfomithine);依利醋铵(elliptinium acetate);埃博霉素;依脱格鲁;硝酸镓;羟基脲;香菇多糖;氯尼达明(lonidamine);美登木素生物碱类,诸如美登素和柄型菌素(ansamitocins);米托胍腙;米托蒽醌;莫哌达醇(mopidamol);硝呋旦(nitracrine);喷司他丁;蛋氨氮芥;吡柔比星;鬼臼酸;2-乙基酰肼;丙卡巴肼;雷佐生;根霉素;西佐喃;锗螺胺;细格孢氮杂酸;三亚胺醌;2,2′,2″-三氯三乙胺;单端孢霉烯类(特别是T-2毒素、verracurin A、杆孢菌素A和安归啶(anguidine));乌拉坦;长春地辛;达卡巴嗪;甘露莫司汀;二溴甘露醇;二溴尾矛醇;哌泊溴烷;gacytosine;阿糖胞苷(″Ara-C″);环磷酰胺;硫化三磷;紫杉烷类,诸如紫杉醇(Bristol-Myers Squibb Oncology,Princeton,N.J.)和多西他赛(Rhone-Poulenc Rorer,Antony,France);苯丁酸芥(chlorambucil);吉西他滨;6-硫鸟嘌呤;巯嘌呤;甲氨蝶呤;铂类似物诸如顺铂和卡铂;长春碱;铂;依托泊苷(VP-16);异环磷酰胺;丝裂霉素C;米托蒽醌;长春新碱;长春瑞滨;诺维本;诺消灵;替尼泊苷;道诺霉素;氨喋呤;希罗达(xeloda);伊班膦酸盐;CPT-11;拓扑异构酶抑制剂RFS 2000;二氟甲基鸟氨酸(DMFO);视黄酸;卡培他滨;以及上述任一物质的药学上可接受的盐、酸或衍生物。在这个定义中也包括用于调节或者抑制肿瘤上激素作用的抗激素药,诸如抗雌激素类,包括,例如他莫昔芬、雷洛昔芬、芳香酶抑制4(5)-咪唑类、4-羟基他莫昔芬、曲沃昔芬、雷洛昔芬(keoxifene)、LY117018、奥那司酮(onapristone)和托瑞米芬(Fareston);和抗雄激素类,诸如氟他胺、尼鲁米特、比卡鲁胺、醋酸亮丙瑞林和戈舍瑞林;siRNA以及上述任一物质的药学上可接受的盐、酸或衍生物。可以与本发明一起使用的其它化疗剂在美国专利申请公开号20080171040或美国专利申请公开号20080305044中公开,并且它们通过引用整体并入。
在优选的实施方式中,化疗剂基本为小分子药物。“小分子药物”在本文广义地用于指可以具有例如100至1500的分子量的有机、无机、或有机金属化合物,更合适为120至1200,有利地从200至1000,并且一般具有小于约1000的分子量。本发明的小分子药物包括寡肽和具有小于约1000的分子量的其它生物分子。小分子药物在本领域已经被很好地表征,例如在WO05058367A2、欧洲专利申请号85901495和8590319中,以及在美国专利号4,956,303中,等等,并且它们通过引用整体并入。
优选的小分子药物是允许与细胞结合剂连接的那些。本发明包括已知的药物以及可以变为已知的那些。特别优选的小分子药物包括细胞毒性剂。
细胞毒性剂可以是导致细胞死亡或诱导细胞死亡或以某种方式降低细胞生存力的任何化合物,其中每种细胞毒性剂包括巯基部分。
优选的细胞毒性剂是美登木素生物碱化合物、紫杉烷化合物、CC-1065化合物、柔红霉素化合物和阿霉素化合物、吡咯并苯并二氮杂二聚体、加里刹霉素类、阿里他汀类、和其类似物及衍生物,它们中的一些在以下描述。
其它细胞毒性剂——其不必为小分子例如siRNA——也包括在本发明的范围内。例如,siRNA可以通过通常用于寡核苷酸改性的方法连接到本发明的交联剂(参见,例如美国专利公开20050107325和20070213292)。因此,其3′或5′-亚磷酰胺(phosphoramidite)形式中的siRNA与带有羟基官能团的交联剂的一端反应以在siRNA和交联剂之间生成酯键。类似地,siRNA亚磷酰胺与带有末端氨基的交联剂的反应使得交联剂与siRNA通过胺连接。siRNA在以下美国专利公开号中详细地描述:20070275465、20070213292、20070185050、20070161595、20070054279、20060287260、20060035254、20060008822、20050288244、20050176667,它们通过引用整体并入本文。
美登木素生物碱类
可以在本发明中使用的美登木素生物碱类在本领域中是熟知的,并且可以根据已知的方法从自然来源中分离或通过已知的方法合成制备。
适合的美登木素生物碱类的实例包括美登木醇和美登木醇类似物。合适的美登木醇类似物的实例包括具有修饰的芳香环的那些和在其它位置具有修饰的那些。
具有修饰的芳香环的合适的美登木醇类似物的具体实例包括:
(1)C-19-脱氯(美国专利4,256,746)(通过柄型菌素(ansamytocin)P2的LAH还原来制备);
(2)C-20-羟基(或C-20-脱甲基)+/-C-19-脱氯(美国专利4,361,650和4,307,016)(通过使用链霉菌(Streptomyces)或放线菌(Actinomyces)脱甲基化或者使用LAH的脱氯而制备);和
(3)C-20-脱甲氧基,C-20-酰氧基(-OCOR),+/-脱氯(美国专利4,294,757)(通过使用酰氯的酰基化来制备)。
具有其它位置的修饰的合适的美登木醇类似物的具体实例包括:
(1)C-9-SH(美国专利4,424,219)(通过美登木醇与H2S或P2SS的反应制备);
(2)C-14-烷氧甲基(脱甲氧基/CH2OR)(美国专利4,331,598);
(3)C-14-羟甲基或酰氧甲基(CH2OH或CH2OAc)(美国专利4,450,254)(由诺卡菌(Nocardia)制备);
(4)C-15-羟基/酰氧基(美国专利4,364,866)(通过链霉菌转化美登木醇制备);
(5)C-15-甲氧基(美国专利4,313,946和4,315,929)(从滑桃树(Trewia nudiflora)分离);
(6)C-18-N-脱甲基(美国专利4,362,663和4,322,348)(通过链霉菌由美登木醇脱甲基制备);和
(7)4,5-脱氧(美国专利4,371,533)(通过美登木醇的三氯化钛/LAH还原来制备)。
在本发明中有用的包含巯基的美登木素生物碱的合成在美国专利号5,208,020、5,416,064和美国专利申请号20040235840中充分公开。
在C-3位置、C-14位置、C-15位置或C-20位置具有巯基部分的美登木素生物碱都预期是有用的。C-3位置是优选的,并且美登木醇的C-3位置是特别优选的。含N-甲基-丙氨酸的C-3巯基部分的美登木素生物碱和含N-甲基-半胱氨酸的C-3巯基部分的美登木素生物碱以及每一个的类似物也是优选的。
在本发明中有用的含N-甲基-丙氨酸的C-3巯基部分的美登木素生物碱衍生物的具体实例由式M1、M2、M3、M6和M7表示。
其中:
l是1至10的整数;和
May是美登木素生物碱。
其中:
R1和R2是H、CH3或CH2CH3,并且可以是相同的或不同的;
m是0、1、2或3;和
May是美登木素生物碱。
其中:
n是3至8的整数;和
May是美登木素生物碱。
其中:
l是1、2或3;
Y0是Cl或H;和
X3是H或CH3。
其中:
R1、R2、R3、R4是H、CH3或CH2CH3,并且可以是相同的或不同的;
m是0、1、2或3;和
May是美登木素生物碱
在本发明中有用的含N-甲基-半胱氨酸的C-3巯基部分的美登木素生物碱衍生物的具体实例由式M4和M5表示。
其中:
o是1、2或3;
p是0至10的整数;和
May是美登木素生物碱。
其中:
o是1、2或3;
q是0至10的整数;
Y0是Cl或H;和
X3是H或CH3。
优选的美登木素生物碱是在美国专利5,208,020;5,416,064;6,333.410;6,441,163;6,716,821;RE39,151和7,276,497中公开的那些。
紫杉烷类
根据本发明的细胞毒性剂也可以是紫杉烷。
在本发明中使用的紫杉烷类已被修饰以包含巯基部分。在本发明中有用的一些紫杉烷类具有如下显示的式T1:
这些新型的紫杉烷类的四个实施方式在以下描述。
在实施方式(1)、(2)、(3)和(4)中,R1、R1′和R1″是相同的或者不同的,并且是H、吸电子基团诸如F、NO2、CN、Cl、CHF2或CF3,或供电子基团诸如-OCH3、-OCH2CH3、-NR7R8、-OR9,其中R7和R8是相同的或者不同的,并且是具有1至10个碳原子的线性、支化或者环状烷基,或具有1至10个碳原子的简单或取代的芳基。优选地,R7和R8的碳原子数是1至4。同样,优选地R7和R8是相同的。优选的-NR7R8基团的实例包括二甲基氨基、二乙基氨基、二丙基氨基和二丁基氨基,其中丁基部分是伯、仲、叔或异丁基中的任一个。R9是具有1至10个碳原子的线性、支化或者环状烷基。
R1优选地为OCH3、F、NO2或CF3。
同样优选地,R1是在间位位置以及R1′和R1″是H或OCH3。
在实施方式(1)、(2)和(4)中的R2是H、具有1至10个碳原子的杂环、线性、支化或环状酯、具有1至10个碳原子的杂环、线性、支化或环状醚、或者式-CONR10R11的氨基甲酸酯,其中R10和R11是相同的或者不同的,并且是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至10个原子的支化或者环状烷基、或者具有6至10个碳原子的简单或取代的芳基。对于酯,优选的实例包括-COCH2CH3和-COCH2CH2CH3。对于醚,优选的实例包括-CH2CH3和-CH2CH2CH3。对于氨基甲酸酯,优选的实例包括-CONHCH2CH3、-CONHCH2CH2CH3、-CO-吗啉基、-CO-哌嗪基、-CO-哌啶子基或-CO-N-甲基哌嗪基。
在实施方式(3)中R2是包含巯基的部分。
在实施方式(1)、(3)和(4)中R3是芳基、或具有1至10个碳原子的线性、支化或者环状烷基,优选为-CH2CH(CH3)2。
在实施方式(2)中R3是-CH=C(CH3)2。
在所有的四个实施方式中R4是-OC(CH3)3或-C6H5。
在实施方式(1)和(2)中R5是包含巯基的部分和R6具有如以上实施方式(1)、(2)和(4)中R2的相同的定义。
在实施方式(3)中R5和R6是相同的或者不同的,并且具有如以上实施方式(1)、(2)和(4)中R2的相同的定义。
在实施方式(4)中R5具有如以上实施方式(1)、(2)和(4)中R2的相同的定义,和R6是巯基部分。
引入含巯基部分的优选的位置是R2和R5,R2是最优选的。
携带巯基部分的侧链可以是线性或支化的、芳香或者杂环。本领域技术人员可以容易地识别合适的侧链。巯基部分的具体实例包括-(CH2)nSH、-CO(CH2)nSH、-(CH2)nCH(CH3)SH、-CO(CH2)nCH(CH3)SH、-(CH2)nC(CH3)2SH、-CO(CH2)nC(CH3)2SH、-CONR12(CH2)nSH、-CONR12(CH2)nCH(CH3)SH或-CONR12(CH2)nC(CH3)2SH、-CO-吗啉基-XSH、-CO-哌嗪基-XSH、-CO-哌啶子基-XSH和-CO-N-甲基哌嗪基-XSH,其中
X是具有1-10个碳原子的线性烷基或支化烷基。
R12是具有1至10个碳原子的线性烷基、支化烷基或者环状烷基、或者具有1至10个碳原子的简单或取代的芳基、或杂环,且可以是H,和
n是0至10的整数。
线性烷基的实例包括甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基和己基。
支化烷基的实例包括异丙基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、异戊基和1-乙基-丙基。
环状烷基的实例包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基和环己基。
简单芳基的实例包括苯基和萘基。
取代芳基的实例包括诸如用以下取代的以上描述的那些芳基:烷基,卤素诸如Cl、Br、F,硝基,氨基,磺酸基,羧酸基,羟基或者烷氧基。
杂环的实例是其中杂原子选自O、N和S的化合物,并且包括吗啉基、哌啶子基、哌嗪基、N-甲基哌嗪基、吡咯基、吡啶基、呋喃基和噻吩基。
具有巯基部分的紫杉烷类可以根据已知的方法合成。合成的原材料是商业可获得的10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素(deacetylbaccatin)III。引入各种取代基的化学在多个出版物中描述(Ojima等人,J.Med.Chem.39:3889-3896(1996);Ojima等人,J.Med.Chem.40:267-278(1997);Ojima等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,96:4256-4261(1999);美国专利号5,475,011和美国专利号5,811,452)。
在苯环上的取代基R1和取代基R1的位置可以变化,直到期望毒性的化合物获得。此外,在苯环上的取代程度可以变化以实现期望的毒性。也就是,苯环可以具有提供实现期望毒性的另一种方法的一个或多个取代基(例如,苯环的单-、二-或三取代)。本领域技术人员仅使用常规的试验可以确定R1的合适化学部分和R1的合适位置。
例如,与母体紫杉烷相比,在间位的吸电子基团增加细胞毒性效力,而在对位的取代预期不增加效力。一般而言,具有在不同位置(邻、间和对位)的取代基的少数代表性紫杉烷类将首先制备并且评估体外细胞毒性。
巯基部分可以被引入在羟基已经存在的位置之一。保护各种羟基而与期望的一个反应的化学先前已经描述(参见,例如,上面引用的文献)。通过简单地将游离的羟基转化为包含二硫键的醚、包含二硫键的酯或包含二硫键的氨基甲酸酯,引入取代基。这种转变如下实现。通过用四氢呋喃中的商业可得试剂六甲基二硅烷基胺锂(1.2当量)在-40℃处理,对期望的羟基进行脱保护,如在Ojima等人(1999),同上中描述。生成的醇盐阴离子然后与过量的二卤化合物诸如二溴乙烷反应以生成卤醚。用巯基取代卤素(通过与硫代乙酸钾反应并用弱碱或羟胺处理)将提供期望的含巯基的紫杉烷。
可选地,通过与酰卤诸如3-溴丙酰氯反应,期望的羟基可以直接酯化,以生成溴酯。通过用硫代乙酸钾处理和进一步地如以上描述地处理,取代溴基团将提供含巯基的紫杉烷酯。优选的紫杉醇类(taxoid)是在美国专利6,340,701;6,372,738;6,436,931;6,596,757;6,706,708;7,008,942;7,217,819和7,276,499中描述的那些。
CC-1065类似物
根据本发明的细胞毒性剂也可以是CC-1065类似物。
根据本发明,CC-1065类似物包括A亚类和B或B-C亚类。A亚类是以其自然闭环环丙烷形式或以其开环氯甲基形式的CPI(环丙吡咯并吲哚(cyclopropapyrroloindole)单元),或者自然闭环环丙烷形式的或开环氯甲基形式的密切相关CPI单元。CC-1065类似物的B和C亚类是非常类似的,是2-羧基-吲哚和2-羧基-苯并呋喃衍生物。对于活性,CC-1065的类似物需要至少一种这种2-羧基-吲哚亚类或2-羧基-苯并呋喃亚类,虽然两种亚类(即,B-C)致使类似物更有效的。从天然的CC-1065和公开的类似物(例如,Warpehoski等人,J.Med.Chem.31:590-603(1988),D.Boger等人,J.Org.Chem;66;6654-6661,2001;美国专利5,739,350;6,060,608;6.310.209)明显可见,B和C亚类也可以在吲哚或苯并呋喃环上的不同位置携带不同取代基。
包含巯基部分的CC-1065类似物可以是以下的任一种:式A-1{CPI(环丙基形式)}、A-2{CPI(氯代甲基形式)}、A-3{CBI(环丙基形式)}和A-4{CBI(氯代甲基形式)}的A亚类经酰胺键从A亚类的吡咯部分的仲胺基共价连接到式F-1的B亚类或式F-3或F-7的B-C亚类的C-2羧基。
A亚类
B以及共价结合的B和C亚类
其中每一个W1和W2可以是相同的或不同的,并且可以是O或NH;和
其中,在式F-1中,R4是巯基部分,在式F-3中,R或R4之一是巯基部分,在式F-7中,R′或R4中的一个是含巯基部分;当R或R′是巯基部分时,那么R1到R6——它们可以是相同的或者不同的——是氢、C1-C3线性烷基、甲氧基、羟基、伯胺基、仲胺基、叔胺基或者酰氨基,并且当R4是巯基部分时,R、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6——它们可以是相同的或者不同的——是氢、C1-C3线性烷基、甲氧基、羟基、伯胺基、仲胺基、叔胺基或者酰氨基,和R′是NH2、烷基、O-烷基、伯胺基、仲胺基、叔胺基或者酰氨基。另外,在A-2和A-4亚类中的氯原子可以用另一种合适的卤素取代。
在优选的实施方式中,R和R′是巯基部分以及R1和R2每一个是氢。在另一优选的实施方式中,R和R′是巯基部分以及R1至R6每一个是氢。
在特别优选的实施方式中,R或R4是-NHCO(CH2)1SH、-NHCOC6H4(CH2)1SH、或-O(CH2)1SH,和R′是-(CH2)1SH、-NH(CH2)1SH或-O(CH2)1SH,其中l是1至10的整数。
伯胺的实例包括甲胺、乙胺和异丙胺。
仲胺的实例包括二甲胺、二乙胺和乙基丙基胺。
叔胺的实例包括三甲胺、三乙胺和乙基异丙基甲基胺。
酰胺基的实例包括N-甲基乙酰胺基、N-甲基-丙酰氨基、N-乙酰胺基和N-丙酰氨基。
当R′不是连接基团时R′表示的烷基的实例包括C1-C5线性或支化烷基。
当R′不是连接基团时R′表示的O-烷基的实例包括其中烷基部分是C1-C5线性或支化烷基的化合物。
以上描述的CC-1065类似物可以从天然来源分离,它们的制备方法——包括后续修饰、合成制备或者二者的组合,被充分地描述(参见,例如美国专利号5,475,092、5,585,499和5,846,545)。优选的CC-1065类似物是在美国专利号5,475,092;5,595,499;5,846,545;6,534,660;6,586,618;6,756,397和7,049,316中描述的那些。
柔红霉素/阿霉素类似物
根据本发明的细胞毒性剂也可以是柔红霉素类似物或阿霉素类似物。
本发明的柔红霉素和阿霉素类似物可以被改性以包括巯基部分。
在本发明中有用的改性的阿霉素/柔红霉素具有如下显示的式D1:
其中,
X是H或OH;
Y是O或NR2,其中R2是具有1至5个碳原子的线性或支化烷基;
R是巯基部分、H或具有1至5个碳原子的线性或支化烷基;和
R′是巯基部分、H或-OR1,其中R1是具有1至5个碳原子的线性或支化烷基;
条件是R和R′不同时为巯基部分。
在优选的实施方式中,NR2是NCH3。在另一个优选的实施方式中,R′是-O。
在特别优选的实施方式中,巯基部分是-(CH2)nSH、-O(CH2)nSH、-(CH2)nCH(CH3)SH、-O(CH2)nCH(CH3)SH、-(CH2)nC(CH3)2SH或-O(CH2)nC(CH3)2SH,其中n是0至10的整数。
由R、R1和R2表示的具有1至5个碳原子的线性或支化烷基的实例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基和以其八种异构体结构的任一种的戊基。
R1和R2优选为甲基。
线性烷基的实例包括甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基和己基。
支化烷基的实例包括异丙基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、异戊基和1-乙基-丙基。
当R或R′不是连接基团时,在那个位置中的取代基可以变化,直到获得具有期望毒性的化合物。高毒性定义为在72小时暴露时间后,对于培养的癌细胞具有1×10-12至1×10-9M范围的IC50。取代基的代表性实例是H、烷基和O-烷基,如以上描述。本领域普通技术人员只要使用常规的试验,可以确定R和R′的合适化学部分。
例如,与母体柔红霉素相比,甲基和甲氧基取代基预期增加毒性效力,而氢预期不增加效力,在不同位置具有取代基的类似物将首先制备并评估体外细胞毒性。
本发明的改性的阿霉素(doxorubicin)/柔红霉素类似物——其具有巯基部分——在WO01/38318中描述。改性的阿霉素/柔红霉素类似物可以根据已知的方法合成(参见,例如美国专利号5,146,064)。
阿里他汀包括阿里他汀E、阿里他汀EB(AEB)、阿里他汀EFP(AEFP)、一甲基阿里他汀E(MMAE),并且在以下当中描述:美国专利号5,635,483,Int.J.Oncol 15:367-72(1999);Molecular Cancer Therapeutics,vol.3,No.8,pp.921-932(2004);美国专利申请号11/134826,美国专利公开号20060074008、2006022925。
根据本发明的细胞毒性剂包括本领域中已知的吡咯并苯并二氮杂(美国专利号7,049,311;7,067,511;6,951,853;7,189,710;6,884,799;6,660,856)。
类似物和衍生物
细胞毒性剂领域的技术人员将容易理解本文描述的每一种细胞毒性剂可以以这种方式改性:得到的化合物仍然保持起始化合物的特异性和/或活性。技术人员也将理解,多种这些化合物可以用于替代本文描述的细胞毒性剂。因此,本发明的细胞毒性剂包括本文描述化合物的类似物和衍生物。
治疗用途
本发明的细胞结合剂药物缀合物(如免疫连接物)可与其他化疗剂结合使用。这样的化疗剂在以上列出或在美国专利号7,303,749中描述。
本发明的细胞结合剂药物缀合物(如免疫连接物)可被体外、体内和/或离体给药,以治疗患者和/或调节选择的细胞群体的生长,包括例如肺癌、血癌、血浆癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、前列腺癌、肾癌、胰腺癌、脑癌、骨癌、卵巢癌、睾丸癌及淋巴器官癌;自身免疫性疾病,如系统性红斑狼疮、类风湿关节炎和多发性硬化症;移植排斥,如肾移植排斥、肝移植排斥、肺移植排斥、心脏移植排斥和骨髓移植排斥;移植物抗宿主疾病;病毒感染,如CMV感染、HIV感染和AIDS;和寄生虫感染,如贾第虫病、阿米巴病、血吸虫病等。优选地,本发明的免疫连接物和化疗剂在体外、体内和/或离体给药,以治疗患者的癌症和/或调节癌细胞的生长,包括例如血癌、血浆癌、肺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、前列腺癌、肾癌、胰腺癌、脑癌、骨癌、卵巢癌、睾丸癌及淋巴器官癌;更优选为肺癌、结肠癌、前列腺癌、血浆癌、血癌或结肠癌。
“调节选择的细胞群体的生长”包括:抑制所选的细胞群体(如多骨髓癌细胞群体,诸如MOLP-8细胞、OPM2细胞、H929细胞等等)的增殖分裂产生更多细胞;例如与未处理细胞相比,减小细胞分裂增长速度;杀死选择的细胞群体;和/或阻止所选细胞群(如癌细胞)转移。所选细胞群体的生长可在体外、体内或离体进行调节。
在本发明的方法中,细胞结合剂药物缀合物(如免疫连接物)可在体外、体内或离体给药。众所周知,细胞结合剂药物缀合物(如免疫连接物)可与已知的合适的药物学上可接受的载体、稀释剂和/或赋形剂一起使用,并可被本领域的技术人员确定作为临床表现根据(clinical situation warrant)。合适的载体、稀释剂和/或赋形剂的例子包括:(1)pH约6.5的Dulbecco磷酸盐缓冲盐水,其包含约1mg/ml到25mg/ml的人血清白蛋白,(2)0.9%盐水((0.9%w/v NaCl),和(3)5%(w/v)的葡萄糖。
本文所述的化合物和组合物可以以合适的形式给药,优选为肠胃外给药,更优选静脉内给药。对于肠胃外给药,化合物或组合物可以是水性或非水性的无菌溶液、悬浮液或乳状液。丙二醇、植物油和可注射的有机酯如油酸乙酯可被用作溶剂或媒介物。组合物还可包含助剂、乳化剂或分散剂。
组合物也可以是能够溶解或分散在无菌水或任何其它可注射的无菌介质中的无菌固体组合物的形式。
本文所述的细胞结合剂药物缀合物(如免疫连接物)的“治疗有效量”指调节选择的细胞群体的生长和/或治疗患者的疾病的剂量方案,并且依据各种因素而选择,包括患者的年龄、体重、性别、饮食和医疗条件、疾病的严重程度、给药途径和药理学考虑因素,所述药理学考虑因素诸如使用的具体化合物的活性、功效、药物动力学和毒理学曲线。“治疗有效量”还可以参考标准药典,如Physicians Desk Reference 2004确定。患者优选是动物,更优选是哺乳动物,最优选是人。患者可以是男性或女性,可以是婴儿、儿童或成人。
细胞结合剂药物缀合物(如免疫连接物)给药的合适方案的实例如下。缀合物可每天给药,约5天,或作为静脉注射(i.v.)、每天弹丸法(bolus)约5天,或者连续输液约5天。
可选地,缀合物可每周给药一次,持续六周或更长。作为另一选择,缀合物可被每两周或三周给药一次。弹丸剂量以约50到约400ml的普通盐水给予,其中可加入5到10ml的人血清白蛋白。连续输液以每24小时期间约250到约500ml生理盐水给药,其中可加入约25到约50ml人血清白蛋白。剂量是每人约10pg到约1000mg/kg,静脉注射(约100ng至约100mg/kg的范围)。
在治疗后的大约一周到大约四周,患者可接受第二个疗程。关于给药的路径、赋形物、稀释剂、剂量和时间的具体临床方案可由技术人员依照临床表现根据进行确定。
本发明也提供药物试剂盒,其包括一个或多个容器,容器填充以本发明的药物化合物和/或组合物的一种或多种成分——包括一种或多种免疫连接物和一种或多种化疗剂。这种试剂盒还可以包括,例如,其它化合物和/或组合物,用于给予化合物和/或组合物的设备(一种或多种),和书面说明书,其形式按照管理药物或生物学产品的制造、使用或销售的政府机构的规定。
化合物和缀合物(如免疫连接物)还可被用于生产对于治疗或减轻病症的严重性有用的药物,所述病症例如以细胞的异常生长(如癌)为特征。
癌症治疗及其剂量、给药途径和推荐的使用量是本领域熟知的,并且在例如文献Physician′s Desk Reference(PDR)中描述。PDR公开了在不同癌症的治疗中已经使用的药物的剂量。治疗有效的这些前述化疗剂和缀合物的给药方案和剂量将取决于被治疗的具体癌症、疾病的程度和本领域医师熟悉的其它因素,并且可以由医师来决定。例如,2006版的Physician′s Desk Reference公开了泰索帝(Taxotere)(见2947页)是微管蛋白解聚的抑制剂;阿霉素(见786页)、盐酸阿霉素脂质体(Doxil)(见3302页)和奥沙利铂(oxaliplatin)(见2908页)是DNA相互作用剂,伊立替康(Irinotecal)(见2602页)是拓扑异构酶I抑制剂,爱必妥(Erbitux)(见937页)和特罗凯(Tarceva)(见2470页)与表皮生长因子受体相互作用。PDR的内容通过引用以其整体明确并入本文。本领域技术人员能够查阅PDR,使用一种或多种以下参数确定化疗剂和缀合物的给药方案和剂量,它们可以依据本发明的教导进行使用。这些参数包括:
1.综合指数
a)来自制造商
b)产品(通过公司名称或商标药物名称)
c)分类索引(例如,″抗组胺剂″、“DNA烷基化剂”紫杉烷等)
d)总的/化学的索引(无商标的普通药物名称)
2.药物的彩色图像
3.产品信息,与FDA标签一致
a)化学信息
b)功能/作用
c)适应症&禁忌征候
d)试验研究、副作用、警告
在此和在随后的实施例中引用的所有文献通过引用整体地明确并入。
实施例
本发明现在将参照非限制性实施例进行描述。除非另外指出,所有百分比和比例按体积计。
实施例1:材料和方法
2-(乙酰基硫基)-4-溴丁酸甲酯
100ml无水的THF中的10.0g(38.4mmol)的2,4-二溴丁酸甲酯在20℃、在1.5小时内逐滴加入2.75ml(38.5mmol)硫代乙酸在8.5ml(48.9mmol)DIPEA和50ml无水THF中的混合物中。在-20℃搅拌过夜后、然后在Ar下0℃搅拌2小时,浓缩混合物,用乙酸乙酯/己烷稀释,用1.0M NaH2PO4洗涤、MgSO4干燥、过滤、蒸发和SiO2层析纯化(1∶12至1∶10乙酸乙酯/己烷),提供9.5g(96%)的标题化合物。1H NMR(CDCl3)4.38(1H,t,J=7.1Hz),3.74(s,3H),3.40(m,2H),2.57~2.47(m,1H),2.37(s,3H),2.36~2.21(m,1H);13C NMR 193.24,171.36,53.15,44.45,34.67,30.46,29.46;MS m/z+276.9(M+Na),278.9(M+2+Na)
4-溴-1-甲氧基-1-氧代丁烷-2-磺酸
40ml的过氧化氢(在水中35%)中加入在80ml的乙酸中的9.2g(36.3mmol)的2-(乙酰基硫基)-4-溴丁酸甲酯。混合物被搅拌过夜,然后蒸发、用水稀释、用NaHCO3中和、用1∶1乙酸乙酯/己烷洗涤。水溶液被蒸发,在甲醇中溶解、浓缩和用甲醇/甲苯结晶,提供8.6g(90%收率)的标题化合物。m.p.=288~293(分解);1H NMR(D2O)4.12(dd,1H,J=4.8,9.3Hz),3.83(s,3H),3.64(m,1H),3.53(m,1H),2.54(m,2H);13C NMR 172.16,66.73,55.66,33.39,32.70;MS m/z-260.8(M-1)。
4-(乙酰基硫基)-1-甲氧基-1-氧代丁烷-2-磺酸
在100ml的THF中的3.0ml的硫代乙酸和9.0ml的DIPEA中加入在100ml的THF中的5.0g(19.2mmol)的4-溴-1-甲氧基-1-氧代丁烷-2-磺酸。混合物搅拌过夜、然后在70℃回流1小时,在用NaHCO3中和至pH 7后,蒸发和用3×100ml的水共蒸发。将混合物重新溶解在甲醇中,通过硅藻土(celite)过滤,浓缩和用CH3OH/CH2Cl2/HCOOH(37.5∶250∶1至50∶250∶1)洗脱的SiO2层析法纯化,提供4.4g(90%收率)的标题化合物。1H NMR(D2O)3.95(dd,1H,J=4.1,10.3Hz),3.83(s,3H),3.74(m,2H),3.22(dd,2H,J=7.4,14.9Hz),2.39(s,3H);13C NMR 203.88,172.91,67.32,56.17,29.04,20.61;MS m/z-254.8(M-H)
4-((5-硝基吡啶-2-基)二硫烷基(disulfanyl))-2-磺基丁酸
50ml的3M NaOH中加入100ml水中的3.0g(11.7mmol)的4-(乙酰基硫基)-1-甲氧基-1-氧代丁烷-2-磺酸。在Ar下搅拌3小时后,混合物在Ar下用1M H2PO4中和至pH 7.2。将混合物逐滴加入到200ml的DMA中的10.0g(32.2mmol)的1,2-二(5-硝基吡啶-2-基)二硫烷的溶液中。在Ar下搅拌4小时后,将混合物浓缩,用水稀释、过滤、蒸发和用水/甲醇(95∶5)洗脱的C-184.0×20cm柱纯化,提供3.1g(75%收率)的标题化合物。m.p.=288~291℃(分解)1H NMR(DMF-d7)9.29(d,1H,J=2.2Hz),8.63(dd,1H,J=2.7,8.9Hz),8.17(d,1H,J=8.9Hz),3.73(t,1H,J=7.2Hz),3.22~3.17(m,1H),3.15~3.10(m,1H),2.41~2.33(m,2H);13C NMR 170.92,169.10,146.04,143.67,133.65,120.72,64.22,37.82,29.26;MS m/z-352.8(M-H)。
1-(2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基氧代)-4-((5-硝基吡啶-2-基)二硫烷基)-1-氧代丁烷-2-磺酸
130mg(1.13mmol)的NHS和480mg(2.50mmol)的EDC中加入在15DMA中的220mg(0.62mmol)的4-((5-硝基吡啶-2-基)二硫烷基)-2-磺基丁酸。将混合物在Ar下搅拌过夜,蒸发和用CH2CH2/CH3OH/HCOOH(10000∶1000∶1至10000∶1500∶1)洗脱的SiO2层析法纯化,提供227mg(82%收率)的标题化合物。1H NMR(DMSO-d6)9.25(d,1H,J=5.2Hz),8.57(dd,1H,J=2.5,8.9Hz),8.04(t,1H,J=8.0+8.9Hz),3.86(dd,1H,J=4.9,9.7Hz),3.13~3.12(m,2H),2.76(s,4H),2.36~2.30(m,1H),2.25~2.21(m,1H);13C NMR 166.96,165.01,144.93,142.26,132.63,119.61,61.00,35.03,29.30,25.39;MS m/z-449.8(M-H)。
2-(乙酰基硫基)-4-溴丁酸甲酯
100ml无水的THF中的10.0g(38.4mmol)的2,4-二溴丁酸甲酯在-20℃、在1.5小时内逐滴加入2.75ml(38.5mmol)硫代乙酸在8.5ml(48.9mmol)的DIPEA和50ml的无水THF中的混合物中。在-20℃搅拌过夜后、然后在Ar下在0℃搅拌2小时,将混合物浓缩,用乙酸乙酯/己烷稀释,用1.0M NaH2PO4洗涤、MgSO4干燥、过滤、蒸发和SiO2层析纯化(1∶12至1∶10乙酸乙酯/己烷),提供9.5g(96%)的标题化合物。1H NMR(CDCl3)4.38(1H,t,J=7.1Hz),3.74(s,3H),3.40(m,2H),2.57~2.47(m,1H),2.37(s,3H),2.36~2.21(m,1H);13C NMR 193.24,171.36,53.15,44.45,34.67,30.46,29.46;MS m/z+276.9(M+Na),278.9(M+2+Na)
4-溴-1-甲氧基-1-氧代丁烷-2-磺酸
40ml的过氧化氢(在水中35%)中加入在80ml的乙酸中的9.2g(36.3mmol)的2-(乙酰基硫基)-4-溴丁酸甲酯。将混合物搅拌过夜,然后蒸发、用水稀释、用NaHCO3中和、用1∶1乙酸乙酯/己烷洗涤。将水溶液蒸发,在甲醇中溶解,浓缩和用甲醇/甲苯结晶,提供8.6g(90%收率)的标题化合物。m.p.=288~293(分解);1H NMR(D2O)4.12(dd,1H,J=4.8,9.3Hz),3.83(s,3H),3.64(m,1H),3.53(m,1H),2.54(m,2H);13C NMR 172.16,66.73,55.66,33.39,32.70;MS m/z-260.8(M-1)。
4-(乙酰基硫基)-1-甲氧基-1-氧代丁烷-2-磺酸
在100ml的THF中的3.0ml的硫代乙酸和9.0ml的DIPEA中加入在100ml的THF中的5.0g(19.2mmol)的4-溴-1-甲氧基-1-氧代丁烷-2-磺酸。将混合物搅拌过夜、然后在70℃回流1小时,在用NaHCO3中和至pH 7后,蒸发和用3×100ml的水共蒸发。将混合物重新溶解在甲醇中,通过硅藻土过滤,浓缩和用CH3OH/CH2Cl2/HCOOH(37.5∶250∶1至50∶250∶1)洗脱的SiO2层析纯化,提供4.4g(90%收率)的标题化合物。1H NMR(D2O)3.95(dd,1H,J=4.1,10.3Hz),3.83(s,3H),3.74(m,2H),3.22(dd,2H,J=7.4,14.9Hz),2.39(s,3H);13C NMR 203.88,172.91,67.32,56.17,29.04,20.61;MS m/z-254.8(M-H)。
4-((5-硝基吡啶-2-基)二硫烷基)-2-磺基丁酸
50ml的3M NaOH中加入100ml水中的3.0g(11.7mmol)的4-(乙酰基硫基)-1-甲氧基-1-氧代丁烷-2-磺酸。在Ar下搅拌3小时后,混合物在Ar下用1M H2PO4中和至pH 7.2。将混合物逐滴加入到200ml的DMA中的10.0g(32.2mmol)的1,2-二(5-硝基吡啶-2-基)二硫烷的溶液中。在Ar下搅拌4小时后,将混合物浓缩,用水稀释、过滤、蒸发和用水/甲醇(95∶5)洗脱的C-184.0×20cm柱纯化,提供3.1g(75%收率)的标题化合物。m.p.=288~291℃(分解)1H NMR(DMF-d7)9.29(d,1H,J=2.2Hz),8.63(dd,1H,J=2.7,8.9Hz),8.17(d,1H,J=8.9Hz),3.73(t,1H,J=7.2Hz),3.22~3.17(m,1H),3.15~3.10(m,1H),2.41~2.33(m,2H);13C NMR 170.92,169.10,146.04,143.67,133.65,120.72,64.22,37.82,29.26;MS m/z-352.8(M-H)。
1-(2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基氧代)-4-((5-硝基吡啶-2-基)二硫烷基)-1-氧代丁烷-2-磺酸
130mg(1.13mmol)的NHS和480mg(2.50mmol)的EDC中加入在15DMA中的220mg(0.62mmol)的4-((5-硝基吡啶-2-基)二硫烷基)-2-磺基丁酸。将混合物在Ar下搅拌过夜,蒸发和用CH2CH2/CH3OH/HCOOH(10000∶1000∶1至10000∶1500∶1)洗脱的SiO2层析纯化,提供227mg(82%收率)的标题化合物。1H NMR(DMSO-d6)9.25(d,1H,J=5.2Hz),8.57(dd,1H,J=2.5,8.9Hz),8.04(t,1H,J=8.0+8.9Hz),3.86(dd,1H,J=4.9,9.7Hz),3.13~3.12(m,2H),2.76(s,4H),2.36~2.30(m,1H),2.25~2.21(m,1H);13C NMR 166.96,165.01,144.93,142.26,132.63,119.61,61.00,35.03,29.30,25.39;MS m/z-449.8(M-H)。
4-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)-2-磺基丁酸
将1.5g(5.85mmol)的4-(乙酰基硫基)-1-甲氧基-1-氧代丁烷-2-磺酸加入100ml的0.5M NaOH溶液。在Ar下搅拌3小时后,将混合物浓缩至~50ml和在Ar下用1M H2PO4中和至pH 7.2。将混合物逐滴加入60ml的DMA中的4.0g(18.1mmol)的2,2′-二硫代二吡啶的溶液中。在Ar下搅拌4小时后,将混合物浓缩,用水稀释、过滤、蒸发和用水/甲醇(99∶1至90∶10)洗脱的C-184.0×20cm柱纯化,提供1.32g(73%收率)的标题化合物。1H NMR(DMF-d7)8.39(dd,1H,J=3.5,4.8Hz),7.86(m,2H),7.25(m,1H),3.59(dd,1H,J=5.2,9.4Hz),2.90(m,2H),2.28(m,2H);13C NMR 172.60,159.16,148.93,138.09,121.03,119.38,67.49,36.39,28.666;MSm/z-307.8(M-H)。
1-(2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基氧代)-1-氧代-4-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)丁烷-2-磺酸
300mg(2.60mmol)的NHS和800mg(4.16mmol)的EDC中加入在50DMA中的680mg(2.20mmol)的4-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)-2-磺基丁酸。将混合物在Ar下搅拌过夜,蒸发和用CH2CH2/CH3OH/HCOOH(10000∶1000∶1至10000∶1500∶1)洗脱的SiO2层析纯化,提供720mg(80%收率)的标题化合物。1H NMR(DMSO-d6)8.40(dd,1H,J=3.5,4.7Hz),7.85(m,2H),7.24(m,1H),3.58(dd,1H,J=5.1,9.4Hz),2.94~2.90(m,2H),2.74(s,4H),2.31~2.27(m,2H);13C NMR 168.16,161.11,147.91,139.22,121.63,119.31,66.80,36.30,28.36,25.42;MS m/z-404.9(M-H)。
3,6-桥氧-Δ-四氢2-苯并(c)呋喃酮(tetrahydrophthalhide)
将在乙醚(200ml)中的马来酰亚胺(5.0g,51.5mmol)加入呋喃(5.5ml,75.6mmol)中。混合物在1L的压热瓶(autoclave bomb)中100℃加热8h。将所述瓶冷却到室温,里面的固体用甲醇冲洗、浓缩和在乙酸乙酯/己烷中结晶,提供8.4g(99%)的标题化合物。1H NMR(DMF-d7):11.08(s,1H)(NH),6.60(m,2H),5.16(m,2H),2.95(m,2H).13C NMR 178.84,137.69,82.00,49.92.MS m/z+188.4(MW+Na)。
4-N-(3,6-桥氧-Δ-四氢2-苯并(c)呋喃酮)-2-磺基-丁酸甲酯
在K2CO3(1.4g,10.13mmol)和KI(0.19g,1.14mmol)中加入在DMA(20ml)中的3,6-桥氧-Δ-四氢2-苯并(c)呋喃酮(0.80g,4.85mmol)。在Ar下搅拌1小时后,加入在DMA(10ml)中的4-溴-2-磺基-丁酸甲酯(0.98g,3.77mmol)。混合物在Ar下搅拌过夜,蒸发和在甲醇中的1%HAc中重新溶解,过滤,蒸发和通过SiO2层析法纯化,并用1∶5∶0.01至1∶4∶0.01CH3OH/CH2Cl2/HAc洗脱,提供0.98(75%)g的标题化合物。1H NMR(DMF-d7):6.59(m,2H),5.16(dd,2H,J=0.8,7.8Hz),3.65-3.63(m,3H),3.47(m,2H),3.01(s,3H),2.83(m,2H).13C NMR 172.94,162.86,137.68,81.98,52.39,49.91,48.58,36.01,21.97.MS m/z-343.9(MW-H)。
4-N-马来酰亚胺基-2-磺基-丁酸甲酯
在开口的圆底烧瓶中,在20ml的1∶1DMA/100mM NaH2PO4、pH 7.0中的4-N-(3,6-桥氧-Δ-四氢2-苯并(c)呋喃酮)-2-磺基-丁酸甲酯(0.30g,0.87mmol)在120~140℃加热4h。在反应时间的期间,5×10ml的水逐渐加入以保持反应体积在15ml左右。将混合物浓缩至干燥,用1∶5∶0.01至1∶4∶0.01CH3OH/CH2Cl2/HAc洗脱的SiO2层析法纯化,提供0.230g(95%)的标题化合物。1H NMR(DMF-d7):6.60(s,2H),4.06(d,IH),3.60(m,3H),3.47(m,2H),2.43(m,2H);13C NMR 171.59,164.96,136.10,66.20,51.71,34.82,22.10.MS m/z-276.6(MW-H)。
4-叠氮基-2-磺基-丁酸甲酯
4-溴-2-磺基-丁酸甲酯(1.07g,4.11mmol)和叠氮化钠(0.70g(10.7mmol)在DMF(50ml)中搅拌过夜。将混合物蒸发和通过SiO2层析纯化,以及用1∶5∶0.01CH3OH/CH2Cl2/HAc洗脱,并用CH3OH/甲苯/己烷结晶,提供1.00g(95%)的标题化合物。m.p=267-272℃(分解)。1H NMR(DMF-d7):12.06(br,1H),3.65(s,3H),3.59(dd,1H,J=5.4,8.9Hz),3.47(m,2H),2.24(m,2H).13C NMR 171.10,64.29,52.24,50.64,21.35.ESI MS m/z+267.9(M+2Na-H),m/z-222.0(M-H).HRMS m/z-(C5H9N3O5S-H)计算值222.0185,发现值222.0179。
4-叠氮-2-磺基-丁酸
在100℃,加热HCl(50ml,1.0M)和HAC(5ml)的混合物中的4-叠氮-2-磺基-丁酸甲酯(1.00g,4.08mmol)8小时。将混合物蒸发,3×50ml的水共蒸发,并且用水/丙酮结晶,提供1.0g(99%)的标题化合物。1H NMR(DMF-d7):3.60(m,2H),3.52(m,1H),2.24(m,2H).13C NMR 170.96,63.04,50.66,29.12.ESI MS m/z-207.7(MW-H);HRMS m/z-(C4H7N3OsS-H)计算值208.0028,发现值208.0021。
4-氨基-2-磺基-丁酸
将4-叠氮-2-磺基-丁酸(500mg,2.40mmol)、水(20ml)和Pd/C(110mg,10%Pd,50%水基)放置在250ml氢化摇瓶中。在瓶中的空气通过真空吸出后,20psi氢气进入瓶中。将混合物摇动8h,然后通过硅藻土过滤,用DMF洗涤,蒸发和用无水DMF共蒸发,提供476mg(91%盐酸盐)的标题化合物。ESI MS m/z-181.8(MW-H)。该产物直接使用而不进一步纯化。
(Z)-4-(3-羧基-3-磺基丙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸
将马来酸酐(232mg,2.36mmol)加入在无水DMF(20ml)中的以上盐酸4-氨基-2-磺基-丁酸(476mg,2.16mmol)。混合物在Ar下搅拌过夜,蒸发和在自装填的c-18,柱上纯化,用水洗脱。收集包含产物的组分,蒸发和用H2O/丙酮结晶,提供552mg(91%)的标题化合物。1H NMR(DMF-d7):9.70(br,1H),6.73(d,1H,J=12.8Hz),6.32(d,1H,J=12.8Hz),3.69(m,1H),3.47(m,2H),2.27(m,2H).13C NMR 171.47,167.32,165.87,135.44,133.07,63.82,39.13,27.62.ESI MS m/z-279.8(MW-H);HRMS m/z-(C8H11NO8S-H)计算值280.0127,发现值280.0121。
4-N-马来酰亚胺基-2-磺基-丁酸
加热在无水DMA(5ml)和无水甲苯(20ml)的混合物中的(Z)-4-(3-羧基-3-磺基丙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸(310mg,1.10mmol)。在温度达到80℃后,加入HMDS(六甲基二硅烷基胺)(1.40ml,6.71mmol)和ZnCl2(1.85ml,在乙醚中的1.0M,1.85mmol)。将混合物继续加热至115~125℃,并且甲苯通过迪安-斯达克榻分水器(Dean-Stark trap)收集。反应混合物在120℃回流6h。在这期间,加入2x 20ml的无水甲苯以保持混合物体积在8~10ml左右。然后将混合物冷却,加入1ml的1∶10HCl(浓的)/CH3OH,蒸发、用CH3OH/CH2Cl2/HAc(1∶5∶0.01至1∶4∶0.01)洗脱的SiO2层析法纯化,提供260mg(92%)的标题化合物。1H NMR(DMF-d7):10.83(br,1H),6.95(s,2H),1H,J=12.8Hz),3.65(m,1H),3.54(m,2H),2.27(m,2H).13CNMR 173.61,172.04,135.47,64.18,37.1,27.89.ESI MS m/z-261.8(MW-H).HRMSm/z-(C8H9NO7S-H)计算值262.0021,发现值262.0027。
4-N-马来酰亚胺基-2-磺基-丁酸琥珀酰亚胺酯
在NHS(220mg,1.91mmol)和EDC(500mg,2.60mmol)中加入到DMA(10ml)中的4-N-马来酰亚胺基-2-磺基-丁酸(260mg,0.99mmol)。混合物在Ar下搅拌过夜,蒸发和用CH2CH2/CH3OH/HAc(10000∶1000∶1至10000∶2000∶1)洗脱的SiO2层析法纯化,然后用DMA/EtAc/己烷结晶,提供285mg(81%收率)的标题化合物。1H NMR(DMF-d7)6.99(s,1H),3.83(m,1H),3.64(m,2H),2.75(s,4H),2.34(m,2H);13C NMR 171.97,171.82,166.64,135.58,62.00,36.66,26.62;ESI MS m/z-358.9(M-H);HRMS m/z-(C12H12N2O9S-H)计算值359.0185,发现值359.0178
(E)-4-叠氮丁-2-烯酸甲酯
将4-溴巴豆酸甲酯(5.00ml,85%,36.10mmol)在-20℃加入100ml的NaN3(2.80g,43.01mmol)的DMF溶液中。在-20℃搅拌30分钟后,混合物在0℃搅拌4h,蒸发,用乙酸乙酯/己烷(1∶1)悬浮,过滤、蒸发和在用乙酸乙酯/己烷(1∶25至1∶10)洗脱的SiO2柱上进行层析纯化,提供4.08g(80%)标题化合物的HRMS。1H NMR(CDCl3)6.88(m,1H),6.06(ddd,1H,J-=1.7,3.4,15.6Hz),3.97(dd,2H,J=1.2,4.96Hz),3.73(s,3H);13C NMR 166.23,140.86,123.49,51.95,51.36;ESI MS m/z+182.5(M+Na+H2O);HRMS m/z+(C5H7N3O2+H2O+Na)计算值182.0542,发现值182.0548。
3-(乙酰基硫基)-4-叠氮丁酸甲酯
在60ml的THF中的硫代乙酸(3.0ml,42.09mmol)和DIPEA(8.0ml,45.92mmol)的混合物在20分钟内加入到0℃的60ml的THF中的(E)-4-叠氮丁-2-烯酸甲酯(4.00g,28.37mmol)的溶液中。在0℃搅拌1小时后,混合物在RT搅拌过夜,蒸发、重新溶解在CH2Cl2中,分别用NaHCO3(饱和)和pH 4的1M NaH2PO4/NaCl(饱和)洗涤,用MgSO4干燥,过滤、蒸发和在用乙酸乙酯/己烷(1∶8至1∶4)洗脱的SiO2柱上进行层析纯化,提供4.98g(81%)标题化合物的HRMS。1H NMR(CDCl3)3.66(m,1H),3.62(s,3H),3.40(dd,1H,J=7.5,12.7Hz),3.31(m,1H),2.78(m,1H),2.60(m,1H),2.32(s,3H);13C NMR(DMF-d7)192.20,172.48,56.56,53.60,51.31,34.58,30.56;ESI MS m/z+240.0(M+Na),255.9(M+K);HRMS m/z+(C7H11N303S+Na)计算值240.0419,发现值240.0415。
叠氮-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁烷-2-磺酸
25ml的H2O2(30%)加入75ml乙酸中的3-(乙酰基硫基)-4-叠氮丁酸甲酯(4.00g,18.43mmol)中。混合物搅拌过夜,蒸发和用乙醇/甲苯共蒸发,并用CH3OH/CH2Cl2/HAc(100∶800∶1至100∶500∶1)洗脱的SiO2层析法纯化,提供3.85(93%)g标题化合物。1H NMR(CD3OD)3.78(dd,1H,J=5.0,12.7Hz),3.62(s,3H),3.44(dd,1H,J=7.5,12.7Hz),3.33(m,1H),2.84(dd,1H,J=5.6,16.5Hz),2.57(dd,1H,J=7.5,16.5Hz);13C NMR(DMF-d7)173.37,57.31,52.54,52.49,34.51;ESI MSm/z-221.7(M+H)。
4-叠氮-3-磺基丁酸
8.0ml HAc加入150ml的1.0M HCl中的叠氮-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁烷-2-磺酸(3.80g,17.04mmol)中。混合物在120℃回流过夜,蒸发和用水、乙醇、乙醇/甲苯分别共蒸发,并用CH3OH/CH2Cl2/HAc(100∶500∶1至100∶400∶1)洗脱的SiO2层析法纯化,提供3.02(85%)g标题化合物。1H NMR(CD3OD)3.77(dd,1H,J=5.1,12.8Hz),3.45(dd,1H,J=7.0,12.8Hz),3.31(m,1H),2.86(dd,1H,J=4.7,16.7Hz),2.51(dd,1H,J=8.4,16.7Hz);13C NMR(DMF-d7)173.98,67.50,59.78,27.82;ESI MSm/z-207.7(M-H)。
4-氨基-3-磺基丁酸
在500ml的氢化瓶中加入4-叠氮-3-磺基丁酸(3.00g,14.35mmol)、150ml的甲醇和0.32g Pd/C(10%Pd,50%湿)。在吸出空气后,引入30psi的H2,并且将混合物摇动过夜,通过硅藻土过滤,蒸发和用无水乙醇共蒸发,提供约2.50g(95%)的4-氨基-3-磺基丁酸。1H NMR(CD3OD)3.24(m,1H),3.17(m,1H),2.90(dd,1H,J=2.6,16.5Hz),2.33(dd,1H,J=10.1,16.5Hz),ESI MS m/z-181.60(M-H)。得到的化合物不稳定,直接使用而不进一步纯化。
(Z)-4-(3-羧基-2-磺基丙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸
将马来酸酐(1.48g,15.10mmol)加入100ml的DMA中的4-氨基-3-磺基丁酸(~2.50g,13.66mmol)的溶液中,将混合物搅拌过夜,蒸发、在用水中1%HAc洗脱的C-18柱(2×30cm)上纯化,并用甲醇/丙酮/甲苯结晶,提供3.34g(83%)的(Z)-4-(3-羧基-2-磺基丙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸。1H NMR(CD3OD)6.33(d,1H,J=12.6Hz),6.10(d,1H,J=12.6Hz),3.64(dd,1H,J=5.8,14.0Hz),3.54(m,1H),3.30(m,1H),2.78(dd,1H,J=4.9,16.8Hz),2.39(m,1H);13C NMR 173.52,168.68,167.98,135.59,127.79,57.31,40.56,34.52;ESI MS m/z-279.7(M-H)。
4-(2,5-二氧-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)-3-磺基丁酸
加热在10ml无水DMA和50ml无水甲苯的混合物中的(Z)-4-(3-羧基-2-磺基丙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸(450mg,1.60mmol)。在温度达到80℃后,加入HMDS(六甲基二硅烷基胺,1.80ml,8.63mmol)和ZnCl2(3.2ml,1.0M,在乙醚中)。将混合物继续加热至115~125℃,并且甲苯通过迪安-斯达克榻分水器收集。反应混合物在120℃回流6h。在这期间,加入2×20ml的无水甲苯以保持混合物体积在8~10ml左右。然后混合物冷却,加入1ml的1∶10HCl(浓的)/CH3OH,蒸发、在用1∶5∶0.01的CH3OH/CH2Cl2/HAc洗脱的SiO2层析纯化,提供315mg(75%)的标题化合物。1H NMR(DMF-d7)6.96(s,2H),4.04(dd,1H,J=4.3,13.8Hz),3.47(m,1H),3.23(dd,1H,J=7.4,14.7Hz),2.99(dd,1H,J=3.3,16.8Hz),2.35(dd,1H,J=8.1,16.9Hz);13C NMR 173.58,172.18,135.54,54.61,40.24,32.43,ESI MS m/z-261.70(M-H)。
1-(2,5-二氧-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)-4-(2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基氧基)-4-氧代丁烷-2-磺酸
4-(2,5-二氧-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)-3-磺基丁酸(110mg,0.418mmol)、EDC(240mg,1.25mmol)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(58mg,0.504mmol)在10ml的DMA中搅拌过夜,蒸发和用CH3OH/CH2Cl2/HAc(100∶900∶1至100∶600∶1)洗脱的SiO2层析法纯化,提供112mg(75%)的标题产物。1H NMR(DMF-d7)6.93(s,2H),4.06(dd,1H,J=4.8,13.1Hz),3.80(dd,1H,J=10.7,13.9Hz),3.35(dd,1H J=3.3,17.8Hz),3.25(m,1H),3.10(dd,1H,J=2.2,16.4Hz),2.87(m,4H);13C NMR 172.27,170.88,169.29,135.55,55.28,40.22,32.69,26.66;ESI MS m/z-261.70(M-H)。
3-(乙酰基硫基)-3-氰基丙酸乙酯
在20ml THF中的硫代乙酸(5.0ml,70.15mmol)和DIPEA(16.0ml,92.03mmol)的溶液在30分钟内加入-20℃的80ml THF中的(Z)-3-氰基丙烯酸乙酯(5.01g,40.00mmol)中。反应在-20℃保持4小时,然后室温过夜。将混合物浓缩,用CH2Cl2稀释,用饱和NaHCO3洗涤,MgSO4干燥、过滤、蒸发和通过SiO2层析(1∶4乙酸乙酯/己烷)纯化,提供5.22g(65%)标题化合物。Rf=0.25(1∶4乙酸乙酯/己烷);1HNMR(CDCl3),4.44(m,1H),4.11(dd,2H,J=7.1,14.3Hz),3.38(m,1H),3.15(m,1H),2.17(s,3H),1.19(t,3H,J=7.2Hz);13C NMR 194.12,173.21,119.82,61.35,33.52,30.08,14.62;MS m/z+225.9(MW+Na),m/z-201.7(MW-H)。
氰基-3-乙氧基-3-氧代丙烷-1-磺酸
H2O2(12ml,30%)加入在乙酸(40ml)中的3-(乙酰基硫基)-3-氰基丙酸乙酯(2.00g,9.95mmol)中。将混合物搅拌过夜,蒸发和用甲醇/二氯甲烷/乙酸(1∶8∶0.01至1∶5∶0.01)洗脱的硅胶层析纯化,提供1.72g(84%)的标题化合物。1H NMR(DMSO),4.63(m,1H),4.12(dd,2H,J=7.1,14.3Hz),3.27(m,1H),3.05(m,1H),1.28(t,3H,J=7.2Hz);13C NMR 173.15,113.85,61.38,48.32,26.33,14.15;MS m/z-205.7(MW-H)。
1-(叔-丁氧基羰基氨基)-4-乙氧基-4-氧代丁烷-2-磺酸
在氢化瓶中加入氰基-3-乙氧基-3-氧代丙烷-1-磺酸(2.50g,12.06mmol)、乙醇(80ml)、新鲜过滤的阮内镍(0.40g)和BOC酸酐(3.30g,15.12mmol)。在瓶内的空气通过真空吸出后,20psi的氢气引入到瓶中。将瓶摇动过夜,通过硅藻土过滤,蒸发和用甲醇/二氯甲烷/乙酸(1∶6∶0.01)洗脱的硅胶层析纯化,提供3.18g(85%)标题化合物。1H NMR(DMSO),6.82(s,1H),4.26(m,1H),4.11(dd,2H,J=7.1,14.3Hz),3.53(dd,1H,J=4.2,13.4Hz),3.36(m,1H),2.86(m,1H),2.51(m,1H),1.38(s,9H),1.22(t,3H,J=7.2Hz);13C NMR 173.35,155.72,80.44,62.05,52.55,41.61,34.50,28.85,14.52;MS m/z-309.8(MW-H)。
4-(叔丁氧基羰基氨基)-3-磺基丁酸
将氢氧化锂一水合物(2.0g,47.6mmol)加入在THF/H2O(1∶2,60ml)混合物中的1-(叔-丁氧基羰基氨基)-4-乙氧基-4-氧代丁烷-2-磺酸(402mg,1.29mmol)。将混合物在Ar下搅拌过夜,浓缩和在用从100%水到在水中的10%甲醇洗脱的C-18柱(2x 30cm)上纯化,提供328mg(90%)的标题化合物。1H NMR(DMSO),6.78(s,1H),4.03(m,1H),3.57(dd,1H,J=4.2,13.4Hz),3.41(m,1H),2.89(m,1H),2.61(m,1H),1.39(s,9H);13C NMR 174.21,155.82,79.85,59.95,42.06,32.52,28.88,14.55;ESI MS 281.8(M-H)。
(Z)-4-(3-羧基-2-磺基丙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸
4-(叔丁氧基羰基氨基)-3-磺基丁酸(321mg,1.13mmol)在HCl(浓)/二烷(1∶4,15ml)的混合物中搅拌30分钟,蒸发和用乙醇/甲苯(1∶1,4x 20ml)共蒸发至干燥。将马来酸酐(121mg,1.23mmol)和DMA(20ml)加入至干燥的物质中,并且混合物搅拌过夜,蒸发和流动通过用水洗脱的C-18柱,并用乙醇/己烷结晶,提供263mg(83%)的标题化合物。ESI MS 279.8(M-H)。NMR数据与通过用4-叠氮-3-磺基丁酸路径的相同。
N,N,N-三甲基-2-氧代四氢噻吩-3-铵
盐酸3-氨基二氢噻吩-2(3H)-酮(6.00g,39.1mmol)、碳酸氢钠(3.28g,39.1mmol)和碘甲烷(13mL,209mmol)在无水甲醇(100ml)中搅拌过夜,通过硅藻土过滤,蒸发和在用MeOH/CH2Cl2/HAc(1∶5∶0.01)洗脱的SiO2柱上纯化,并用乙醇/己烷结晶,提供5.25g(84%)的标题产物。mp 228-231℃。1H NMR(CD3OD)4.27(m,1H),3.25(s,9H),2.56-2.47(m,2H),2.34(m,1H),2.26(m,1H);13C NMR 168.97,75.06,53.25,30.85,16.46;ESI MS m/z+160.0(M+)。
1-羰基-N,N,N-三甲基-3-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)丙烷-1-铵
醋酸N,N,N-三甲基-2-氧代四氢噻吩-3-铵(2g,9.13mmol)在75ml的1MNaOH(75ml H2O中3g NaOH)中搅拌45分钟,用4M H3PO4中和至pH 7.4,浓缩,加入至200ml MeOH中的1,2-二(吡啶-2-基)二硫烷(11g,49.9mmol)中。将混合物搅拌过夜,用乙酸乙酯提取。将水溶液蒸发,用MeOH悬浮,过滤盐,蒸发和在用水/甲醇(100%水至20%甲醇/水)洗脱的C-18柱(2cm x 30cm)上纯化,提供2.6g(75%)的标题产物。ESI MS m/z+309.1(M+Na-H)。
1.用含硫交联剂改性(修饰)抗体
用含硫交联剂以8mg/mL抗体——15倍摩尔过量的含硫交联剂(在DMA中的~30mM储备液)——修饰huC242。反应在具有DMA(5%v/v)的100mM NaPi、pH8.0缓冲液中在25℃进行15、30、120和200分钟。修饰的huC242通过用50mMNaPi、50mM NaCl和2mM EDTA、pH6.5的G25柱纯化,以去除过量的含硫交联剂。
2.测量可释放的Spy-NO2和修饰huC242的抗体浓度
试验和光谱测量在室温下在pH7.5的100mM NaPi中进行。每摩尔huC242抗体释放的Spy-N02的摩尔比通过测量样品的A280以及然后测量在加入DTT(50uL的1M DTT/mL样品)后样品的A394的增加进行计算。DTT释放的2-巯基吡啶的浓度使用14,205M-1cm-1的ε394nm进行计算。然后,在从加入DTT之前测量的总A280 nm减去在280nm处Spy-NO2吸光度的贡献(DTT之后A394nmx3344/14205)之后,可以使用217,560M-1cm-1的ε280nm计算抗体的浓度。然后可以计算Spy-NO2∶Ab的摩尔比。huC242的mg/mL(g/L)浓度使用147,000g/mole的摩尔分子量进行计算。
3.缀合反应
将修饰的huC242与1.7倍摩尔过量的DM4(基于DM4储液SH浓度)在Spy-NO2中反应。反应在50mM NaPi、50mM NaCl、2mM EDTA pH6.5和DMA(5%v/v)中以2.5mg/mL抗体进行。在加入DM4之后,反应在25℃温育~20小时。最终缀合物通过用pH5.5的10mM组氨酸、130mM甘氨酸、5%蔗糖的G25柱进行纯化,以去除过量的DM4药物。
4.计算huC242和DM4浓度
huC242和DM4都在用于分开测量每个组分的两个波长即280和252nm处吸光度。huC242在280nm的消光系数为217,560,而对于DM4为5180M-1。huC242和DM4的252nm/280nm吸光度比分别是0.368和5.05。浓度使用以下等式进行计算。
结果
C242-磺基-DM4交联剂滴定
缀合方案:
修饰在pH8.0的缓冲液A和5%DMA中在室温进行90分钟,抗体浓度是7mg/ml。使用pH6.5的缓冲液A,通过NAP柱纯化修饰抗体。缀合在具有5-10%DMA的pH6.5的缓冲液A、在室温过夜进行。根据加入的总的药物,药物与交联剂的比例范围为1.3至1.7。
实施例2:缀合物合成
将SPP或SSNPP交联剂以约10mM浓度溶解在乙醇中。将抗体透析进入缓冲液A(50mM KPi、50mM NaCl、2mM EDTA、pH 6.5)中。对于交联剂的反应,抗体为8mg/ml,加入7当量的交联剂,同时在5%(v/v)乙醇存在下搅拌。使反应在环境温度进行90分钟。未反应的交联剂通过Sephadex G25凝胶过滤从抗体中去除,使用用pH 6.5的缓冲液A或者如显示的包含100mM NaCl的pH 7.4的150mM磷酸钾缓冲液平衡的Sephadex G25柱。对于SPP交联剂,修饰的程度通过使用50mM DTT释放吡啶-2-硫酮和如下描述地测量在343nm的吸光度(对于游离的吡啶-2-硫酮,ε343=8080M-1cm-1)进行评估。对于SSNPP,修饰通过测量在325nm的吸光度(对于连接到抗体的4-硝基吡啶基-2-二硫基,ε325=10,964M-1cm-1)直接评估。对于缀合反应,将包含巯基的药物(DM1或DM4)在浓度大约10mM的DMA(N,N-二甲基乙酰胺)中溶解。将药物(相对于显示的每个抗体的交联剂分子的数量为0.8-1.7倍摩尔过量)在搅拌下缓慢加入抗体,抗体在终浓度3%(v/v)DMA中的缓冲液A中(pH 6.5或pH 7.4)的浓度为2.5mg/ml。使反应在环境温度进行显示的时间。缀合药物的抗体使用用缓冲液B(PBS,pH 6.5)平衡的Sephadex G25柱纯化。对于DML,药物与抗体缀合的程度通过测量缀合物的A252和A280评估,如以下描述。对于DC4使用类似的方法(参见以下)。
可释放的吡啶-2-硫酮和SPP-修饰的Ab的Ab浓度的测量
每摩尔抗体释放的吡啶-2-硫酮的摩尔比通过测量样品的A280和然后测量在加入DTT(50μL的1M DTT/mL样品)之后样品的A343的增加进行计算。DTT-释放的吡啶-2-硫酮的浓度使用8080M-1cm-1的ε343进行计算。抗体的浓度然后可以使用194,712M-1cm-1的ε;280在从DTT加入之前测量的总A280nm中减去吡啶-2-硫酮在280nm的吸光度(DTT之后A343nm×5100/8080)的贡献后进行计算。然后可以计算吡啶-2-硫酮∶Ab的摩尔比。Ab的mg/mL(g/L)浓度使用147,000g/mole的分子量进行计算。
测量抗体-连接的5-硝基吡啶基-2-二硫基基团和SSNPP修饰Ab的Ab浓度。
每摩尔抗体连接的4-硝基吡啶基-2-二硫基基团的摩尔比通过测量没有用DTT处理的样品的A280和A325进行计算。抗体结合的4-硝基吡啶基-2-二硫基基团的数量使用10,964M-1cm-1的ε325nm进行计算。然后抗体的浓度可以使用194,712M-1cm-1的ε280在从测量的总A280nm中减去5-硝基吡啶基-2-二硫基基团在280nm的吸光度(A325nmx3344/10964)的贡献后进行计算。然后可以计算4-硝基吡啶-2-二硫基基团∶Ab的摩尔比。Ab的mg/mL(g/L)浓度使用147,000g/摩尔的分子量进行计算。
计算Ab-DM1的Ab和DM1组分的浓度
Ab和DM1都在用于分开测量每个组分的两个波长即280和252nm吸光度。组分使用说明每个组分在每个波长的贡献的以下代数表达式进行定量(CAb是Ab的摩尔浓度和CD是DM1的摩尔浓度):
1)总A280=194,712CAb+5,700CD
2)总A252=(194,712x0.37)CAb+(4.7x5,700)CD
从每个等式解出CAb:
1a)
2a)
并且建立等式(等式1a=等式2a)和解出CD:
一旦计算出CD,该值用于解出以上等式1a(或2a)中的CAb。然后可以计算DM1∶Ab的比例。抗体的mg/mL(g/L)的浓度使用147,000g/摩尔的分子量进行计算,而DM1的浓度使用736.5g/摩尔(连接的DM1)的分子量进行计算。
用SSNP P提高二硫键交换的效率。
如在表1中显示,相比使用SPP的反应,缀合效率在SSNPP用作交联剂的反应中增加。效率百分比通过DM1/抗体的值除以交联剂/抗体的比乘以100进行计算。使用SSNPP的N901抗体的缀合在pH6.5和7.4都产生93%的交联效率。在这些试验中使用SPP的N901的缀合效率在pH 6.5为70%和在pH 7.4为77%。使用SSNPP增加的效率表明靶DM1与抗体比例可以使用减少数量的交联剂分子修饰的抗体实现。事实上,与引入SPP的具有5.6个吡啶基-2-二硫基基团的抗体相比较,对于引入SSNPP的每个抗体具有4.2个(5-硝基吡啶基-2-二硫基)基团的抗体制备,类似的药物与抗体比例(4.3)在最终缀合物中得以实现(表2)。因此,获得相当的缀合结果所需要的药物量对于SSNPP修饰抗体比SPP修饰抗体在这些条件下低25%。用SSNPP增加效率的另一个可能的益处是可以在缀合反应中使用减少的DM1摩尔过量。缀合后DM1/抗体的比例与反应中药物当量(0.8-1.7倍过量)范围的比较显示,使用SSNPP交联剂,1.1倍摩尔过量足以实现100%的缀合效率(图7)。DM1与已经用SSNPP或SPP修饰的抗体反应的时间过程的比较例如在图8中显示。在每种情况下,修饰的抗体用引入的每摩尔交联剂1.1倍摩尔过量的DM1处理。与SSNPP修饰的抗体的反应比与SPP修饰抗体的反应明显地快(图8)。甚至,使用SPP,1.7倍摩尔过量不足以实现类似的效率。当使用SSNPP作为交联剂而不是SPP时,使用1)较低摩尔过量的DM1和2)每个抗体较少交联剂的能力允许实现目标DM1与抗体比例所需要的药物量减少多达50%。
使用SSNPP交联剂增加效率的缀合得以完成而没有损害缀合物的单体特征和与抗体缀合物相关的未缀合(游离)药物的量。SEC分析用于确定单体、二聚体、三聚体或更高分子量聚集体的量。对于任一种单体,获得大于90%单体的典型结果,如在表1中显示。未缀合药物的水平通过缀合样品的反相HPLC分析测量。任一反应的游离药物的百分比小于2%。另外,与用SPP相比,用SSNPP,较短的缀合反应时间是可能的(美国专利号6,913,748),其可以减少对延长暴露于缀合反应中需要的有机溶剂敏感的一些抗体的损失。较短的反应时间应该也减少由于DM1二聚引起的药物损失,DM1二聚是缀合过程中的竞争副反应。得到的收率增加和减少的副反应应该进一步有助于减少DM1需要。
当缀合不同药物与抗体时,当使用SSNPP时缀合的增加速度和效率也观察到,表明这种新的交联试剂的广泛实用性。当用DNA-烷基化药物DC4、CC-1065类似物缀合N901抗体时,使用SSNPP和SPP的缀合效率的比较例如在表3中显示。使用SSNPP交联试剂的反应经过2个小时完成,而使用SPP试剂的反应显示经过2个小时只有73%完成以及超过2小时药物显著地并入(在18小时后91%)。只有更延长反应时间可以导致100%完成。
实施例3 具有包含磺酸酯基团的硫醚(不可断裂)和二硫化物交联剂的抗体的美登木素生物碱缀合物的体外细胞毒性评估:
在癌细胞与缀合物持续温育4-5天之后,一般使用WST-8细胞生存力试验,评估具有包含磺酸酯基团的硫醚和二硫化物交联剂的抗体-美登木素生物碱缀合物的细胞毒性作用。在含有胎牛血清的常规生长培养基中,抗原-表达癌细胞(每个孔~1000-5000个细胞)与不同浓度的抗体-美登木素生物碱缀合物在96孔板中温育约5天。然后加入WST-8试剂,~2-5小时之后在450nm测量板的吸光度。存活分数对缀合物浓度作图以确定缀合物的ICs0值(50%的细胞杀死浓度)。
图60和61显示对于CanAg-阳性的COLO205和COLO205-MDR细胞,与具有3.3美登木素生物碱/Ab的缀合物相比较,具有包含磺酸酯的二硫键结合的交联剂(huC242-磺基-SPDB-DM4)、带有6.0至7.6美登木素生物碱/Ab的抗CanAg(huC242)-美登木素生物碱缀合物的细胞毒性增加。具有高美登木素生物碱负载的缀合物效力表明用多至8个美登木素生物碱分子修饰抗体不影响结合到靶COLO205细胞的缀合物。
图64显示具有相似的美登木素生物碱负载的抗CanAg Ab-美登木素生物碱缀合物对于CanAg抗原-阳性COLO205-MDR细胞的细胞毒性活性。二硫化物交联剂中磺酸酯基团的存在显著增强了缀合物对于这些多抗药性细胞的效力。磺酸酯连接的缀合物的增强效力是新的发现,并且对于治疗应用潜在地非常具有前途。
图63显示具有相似的美登木素生物碱负载的抗EpCAM Ab-美登木素生物碱缀合物对于EpCAM抗原-阳性COLO205-MDR细胞的细胞毒性活性。二硫化物交联剂中磺酸酯基团的存在显著增强了缀合物对于这些多抗药性细胞的效力。磺酸酯连接的缀合物的增强效力是新的发现,并且对于治疗应用潜在地非常具有前途。
图64显示具有相似的美登木素生物碱负载的抗EpCAM Ab-美登木素生物碱缀合物对于EpCAM抗原-阳性HCT细胞的细胞毒性活性。二硫化物交联剂中磺酸酯基团的存在显著增强了缀合物对于这些多抗药性细胞的效力。磺酸酯连接的缀合物的增强效力是新的发现,并且对于治疗应用潜在地非常具有前途。
图65显示具有相似的美登木素生物碱负载的抗EpCAM Ab-美登木素生物碱缀合物对于EpCAM抗原-阳性COLO205-MDR细胞的细胞毒性活性。二硫化物交联剂中磺酸酯基团的存在显著增强了缀合物对于这些多抗药性细胞的效力。磺酸酯连接的缀合物的增强效力是新的发现,并且对于治疗应用潜在地非常具有前途。
实施例4 比较抗EpCAM-美登木素生物碱缀合物、B38.1-SPDB-DM4和B38.1-磺基-SPDB-DM4在结肠癌COLO205和COLO205-MDR异种移植物上的体内抗肿瘤活性:
B38.1-SPDB-DM4和B38.1-磺基-SPDB-DM4缀合物的抗肿瘤作用在人结肠癌的异种移植物模型——COLO205和COLO205-MDR——中进行评估,该模型被加工以过度表达P-糖蛋白。在SCID小鼠右肩下的区域中皮下注射细胞。当肿瘤体积达到大小约200mm3时,小鼠按照肿瘤体积随机化并分成三个组。每组用B38.1-SPDB-DM4(10mg缀合蛋白/kg)、B38.1-磺基-SPDB-DM4(10mg缀合蛋白/kg)或者磷酸盐缓冲液盐水(媒介物对照)的单次静脉弹丸注射进行治疗。通过每周两次测量肿瘤大小来监测肿瘤的生长。用下式计算肿瘤大小:长×宽×高×1/2。
各COLO205-MDR肿瘤的体积变化在图66中显示。用任一种缀合物治疗产生显著的肿瘤生长延迟。在这种人结肠癌异种移植物模型中,B38.1-磺基-SPDB-DM4比B38.1-磺基-SPDB-DM4更有效。
各COLO205肿瘤的体积变化在图67中显示。用任一种缀合物治疗产生了显著的肿瘤生长延迟。用B38.1-磺基-SPDB-DM4治疗的六只动物中的两只具有完全的肿瘤退化。因此,在这种模型中B38.1-磺基-SPDB-DM4比B38.1-磺基-SPDB-DM4显著地更有效。
实施例5 预带电荷交联剂(CX1-1):Z-Gly-Gly-Gly-β-Ala-OtBu的合成
将1.3g(4.0mmol)的Z-Gly-Gly-Gly-OH、0.583g(4.0mmol)的叔丁基-3-氨基丙酸酯、0.651g(4.25mmol)的羟基苯并三唑和0.81g(4.23mmol)的盐酸N-(3-二甲基氨丙基)-N′-乙基碳二亚胺称重放入50mL烧瓶中,然后在氮气氛下、磁力搅拌下溶解在20mL的二甲基甲酰胺中。在3个小时之后,反应混合物通过使用5.0cm×25cm C18柱的反相HPLC以5mL部分进行纯化。柱用包含0.3%甲酸、5%乙腈的去离子水以100mL/min流动10分钟,然后是从5%乙腈到90%乙腈的15分钟线性梯度。合并产物组分(19分钟的保留时间)和通过旋转蒸发在真空下去除溶剂,产生1.35g(75%)的标题化合物。1H NMR(d6-DMSO)8.16(t,J=5.2Hz,1H),8.10(t,J=5.2Hz,1H),7.82(t,J=5.2Hz,1H),7.25-7.4(m,5H),5.04(s,2H),3.74(d,J=5.6Hz,2H),3.67(t,J=6.4Hz,4H),3.25(q,J=6.1Hz,2H),2.35(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),1.39(s,9H).13C NMR(d6-DMSO)170.45,169.61,169.00,168.63,156.49,136.94,128.30,127.76,127.69,79.89,65.51,43.56,42.10,41.90,34.89,34.78,27.70.HRMS(M+Na+)计算值473.2012发现值473.1995。
H-Gly-Gly-Gly-β-Ala-OtBu
在250mL帕尔摇瓶(parr shaker flask)中,将1.3g(2.89mmol)的Z-Gly-Gly-Gly-β-Ala-OtBu溶解在80mL的95∶5甲醇∶去离子水中,加入0.12g在碳上的10%钯到其中。该摇瓶在氢气气氛下(42PSI)摇动7小时。混合物通过硅藻土过滤器帮助真空过滤,滤液通过旋转蒸发在真空下浓缩,产生0.88g(96%)的标题化合物。1H NMR(d6-DMSO)8.12(t,J=1.6Hz 2H),8.08(t,J=1.6Hz,1H),3.75(s,2H),3.64(d,J=5.92H),3.28(bs,2H),3.24(q,J=6.0Hz,2H),3.13(s,2H),2.35(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),1.39(s,9H).13C NMR(d6-DMSO)173.38,170.46,169.18,168.70,79.89,44.65,41.95,34.88,34.78,27.71.HRMS(M+H+)计算值317.1825,发现值317.1801。
Mal-Gaba-Gly-Gly-Gly-β-Ala-OtBu
将513mg(2.8mmol)的4-(2,5-二氧-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)丁酸、800mg(0.2.8mmol)3-(2-(2-(2-氨基乙酰氨基)乙酰氨基)乙酰氨基)丙酸叔丁基酯和583mg(3.0mmol)盐酸N-(3-二甲基氨丙基)-N′-乙基碳二亚胺溶解在12mL的二甲基甲酰胺中并搅拌3小时。反应混合物通过使用5.0cm×25cm C18柱的反相HPLC以四个相等的部分进行纯化。柱用包含0.3%甲酸和5%乙腈的去离子水以100mL/min洗脱10分钟,然后是从5%乙腈到33%乙腈的13分钟线性梯度。合并产物组分(21分钟的保留时间)和通过旋转蒸发在真空下去除溶剂,产生832mg(62%)的标题化合物。1H NMR(d6-DMSO)8.10-8.16(m,2H),8.07(t,J=4.8Hz,1H),7.0-7.15(m,1H),3.747(t,J=6.0Hz,3H),3.64(d,J=5.6Hz,2H),3.41(t,J=6.8,2H),3.1-3.33(m,1H),3.19-3.26(m,2H),2.348(t,J=6.8,2H),2.132(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.67-1.76(m,2H),1.39(s,9H).13C NMR(d6-DMSO)171.80,170.98,170.39,169.48,168.96,168.56,134.37,79.83,42.05,41.83,37.38,34.82,34.71,32.26,27.83,23.95.HRMS(M+Na+)计算值504.2070发现值504.2046
Mal-Gaba-Gly-Gly-Gly-β-Ala-OH
将820mg(1.7mmol)的Mal-Gaba-Gly-Gly-Gly-β-Ala-OtBu溶解在9.0mL的95∶5三氟乙酸∶去离子水中并磁力搅拌3小时。溶剂通过旋转蒸发在真空下去除,产生730mg(100%)的标题化合物。1H NMR(d6-DMSO)12.1(bs,1H),8.05-8.20(m,3H),7.82(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),7.00(s,2H),3.71(t,J=6.0Hz,4H),3.65(d,J=6.0Hz,2H),3.41(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.26(q,J=5.6Hz,2H),2.38(t,J=7.2Hz,2H,),2.14(q,J=8.0Hz,2H),1.67-1.77(m,2H).13C NMR(d6-DMSO)172.70,171.83,171.01,169.50,168.99,168.51,134.38,42.07,41.84,36.75,34.70,33.69,32.28,23.97HRMS(M+Na+)计算值448.1444发现值448.1465
Mal-Gaba-Gly-Gly-Gly-β-Ala-ONHS(CX1-1)
将76mg(0.18mmol)的Mal-Gaba-Gly-Gly-Gly-β-Ala-OH、72mg(0.376mmol)的盐酸N-(3-二甲基氨丙基)-N′-乙基碳二亚胺和66mg(0.575mmol)的N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺在磁力搅拌下溶解在1.0mL的二甲基甲酰胺中。在2个小时后,反应混合物通过使用1.9cm×10cm C8柱的反相HPLC以两个相等部分进行纯化。柱用包含0.3%甲酸和5%1,4-二烷的去离子水以18mL/min洗脱3分钟,然后是从5%1,4-二烷到30%1,4-二烷的15分钟线性梯度。在瓶中收集产物组分(6.5分钟的保留时间)并立即在干冰丙酮浴中冻结。溶剂通过在环境温度冻干去除,产生40mg(42%)的标题化合物。1H NMR(d6-DMSO)8.08-8.11(m,3H),7.99(t,J=6.4Hz,1H),7.00(s,2H),3.6-3.75(m,6H),3.0-3.2(m,4H),2.84(s,4H),2.13(t,J=7.6Hz),1.83-1.93(m,2H),1.69-1.72(m,2H)。HRMS(M+Na+)计算值545.1608发现值545.1638
Z-Glu(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-NH2
将40mL的二甲基甲酰胺加入2.52g(7.47mmol)的Z-Glu(OtBu)-OH、1.3g(8.49mmol)的羟基苯并三唑、1.3g(7.76mmol)的H-Gly-GlyNH2和1.52g(7.93mmol)的盐酸N-(3-二甲基氨丙基)-N′-乙基碳二亚胺中。加入2.5mL(14.3mmol)的二异丙基乙胺并且反应搅拌过夜。反应混合物通过直接注射在制备型5.0cm×25cmC18HPLC柱上以三个相等的部分进行纯化。柱用包含0.3%甲酸与5%乙腈的去离子水以100mL/min流动10分钟,然后是从5%乙腈到90%乙腈的15分钟线性梯度。合并产物组分(18-20分钟的保留时间)和通过旋转蒸发在真空下去除溶剂,产生2.9g(83%)标题化合物。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.79-7.68(m,1H),7.64(s,1H),7.27(q,J=4.9,5H),6.90(s,1H),6.42(s,1H),6.35(d,J=6.8,1H),5.08(d,J=12.0,1H),4.98(d,J=12.2,1H),4.20(dd,J=12.9,7.6,1H),3.84-3.95(m,2H),3.83(d,J=5.0,2H),2.42-2.19(m,2H),2.07(d,J=6.9,1H),1.96-1.83(m,1H),1.39(s,9H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ171.79,171.65,170.82,168.87,163.04,156.08,136.86,128.31,127.74,79.64,65.58,53.96,42.17,41.81,31.25,27.73,27.01。
H-Glu(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-NH2
在250mL玻璃帕尔氢化摇瓶中,将940mg(2.09mmol)的Z-Glu(OtBu)-Gly-GlyNH2溶解在40mL的95∶5甲醇∶去离子水中。加入222mg在碳上的10%钯到所述瓶中,内含物在氢气下(40PSI)摇动氢化4小时。该混合物通过硅藻土过滤器帮助真空过滤,并且溶剂通过旋转蒸发从滤液中去除,产生640mg(94%)的标题化合物。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ4.03(s,1H),3.75(d,J=3.3,2H),3.63(s,2H),3.30-3.22(m,J=3.6,1H),3.14-3.10(m,1H),2.27(t,J=7.9,2H),1.84(td,J=13.6,7.4,1H),1.63(td,J=15.0,7.5,1H),1.39(s,9H).13C NMR(101MHz,MeOD)δ176.53,174.24,172.00,170.32,81.82,55.21,43.64,43.16,40.44,32.31,30.45,28.41.HRMS(M+H+)计算值317.1825发现值317.1800。
E001008-28Mal-Gaba-Glu(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-NH2
将603mg(1.9mmol)的H-Glu(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-NH2、372mg(2.03mmol)的Mal-Gaba-OH和430mg(2.24mmol)的盐酸N-(3-二甲基氨丙基)-N′-乙基碳二亚胺溶解在4.5mL的二甲基甲酰胺和800μL的二氯甲烷中。反应在环境温度下搅拌3小时。反应混合物通过直接注射在制备型5.0cm×25cm C18HPLC柱上以两个相等的部分进行纯化。柱用包含0.3%甲酸与5%乙腈的去离子水以100mL/min流动10分钟,然后是从5%乙腈到90%乙腈的15分钟线性梯度。合并产物组分(17.4-19.2分钟的保留时间)和通过旋转蒸发在真空下去除溶剂,产生2.9g(83%)的标题化合物。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.16(t,J=5.7,1H),8.06(d,J=7.4,1H),7.99(t,J=5.8,1H),7.19(s,1H),7.06(s,2H),4.18(dd,J=13.4,7.9,1H),3.70(d,J=5.7,2H),3.62(d,J=5.8,2H),3.42-3.37(m,2H),2.23(t,J=8.0,2H),2.12(dd,J=8.1,6.4,2H),1.87(dt,J=14.2,7.9,1H),1.70(dt,J=13.7,6.8,2H),1.38(s,9H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ173.12,171.77,171.65,171.03,170.79,168.89,134.43,79.62,52.02,42.14,41.81,36.80,32.29,31.22,27.73,26.95,24.02.HRMS(M+Na+)计算值504.2070发现值504.2053。
Mal-Gaba-Glu(OH)-Gly-Gly-NH2
将105mg(0.218mmol)的Mal-Gaba-Glu(OtBu)-Gly-Gly-NH2溶解在5mL的95∶5三氟乙酸∶去离子水中并磁力搅拌2小时。溶剂通过旋转蒸发去除,将残留物收集在6mL乙腈+1.5mL甲苯中以生成悬浮液。溶剂通过旋转蒸发在真空下从悬浮液中蒸发,产生92mg(100%)的标题化合物。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ6.99(s,2H),4.18(dd,J=8.2,5.7,1H),3.70(s,2H),3.61(s,2H),3.40(t,J=6.8,2H),2.26(t,J=7.8,2H),2.19-2.05(m,2H),1.90(dt,J=13.7,7.4,1H),1.73(dt,J=14.2,7.5,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ173.76,171.72,170.99,170.70,168.81,134.37,52.00,41.97,41.63,36.75,32.19,29.95,26.79,23.93。
Mal-Gaba-Glu(ONHS)-Gly-Gly-NH2
将94mg(0.22mmol)的Mal-Gaba-Glu(OH)-Gly-Gly-NH2、75mg(0.65mmol)N-羟基琥酰亚胺和110mg(0.57mmol)盐酸N-(3-二甲基氨丙基)-N′-乙基碳二亚胺在1mL的二甲基甲酰胺中磁力搅拌3小时。该粗制的反应混合物通过直接注射在1.9cm×10cm C8柱上以三个相等部分进行纯化。该柱用包含0.3%甲酸和5%1,4-二烷的去离子水以18mL/min流动3分钟,然后是从5%1,4-二烷到30%1,4-二烷的18分钟线性梯度。在瓶中收集产物组分(7.3分钟的保留时间)并立即在干冰/丙酮浴中冻结。将合并的冻结材料冻干,产生80mg(70%)的标题化合物。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ8.20(t,J=5.4,1H),8.13(d,J=7.3,1H),8.03(t,J=5.6,1H),7.21(s,1H),7.06(s,1H),7.01(s,2H),4.29(dd,J=13.7,6.5,1H),3.84-3.69(m,2H),3.63(d,J=5.7,2H),3.57(s,2H),3.41(t,J=6.8,2H),2.81(s,3H),2.78-2.69(m,2H),2.15(dd,J=9.1,6.2,1H),2.10-1.95(m,1H),1.88(dt,J=17.0,7.5,1H),1.73(dd,J=14.0,6.9,2H).HRMS(M+Na+)计算值545.1608发现值545.1627。
实施例6 带正电荷的交联剂的合成
3-(二甲基氨基)二氢噻吩-2(3H)-酮(217)。
将氰基硼氢化钠(0.409g,6.51mmol)以五部分在1小时内加入到在甲醇中的盐酸3-氨基二氢噻吩-2(3H)-酮(213)(1.0g,6.51mmol)和甲醛(3ml,40.3mmol)中。在搅拌2小时后,将混合物蒸发、在乙酸乙酯中重新溶解、用1M NaH2PO4洗涤、在MgSO4中干燥、过滤、浓缩,并通过用MeOH/DCM(1∶30)洗脱的SiO2柱纯化,产生0.812g(86%)的标题化合物。1H NMR(CDCl3)3.49(dd,1H,J=6.3,12.1Hz),3.24(m,2H),2.42(s,6H),2.38(m,1H),2.21(m,1H);13C NMR 206.58,73.24,41.62,27.47,25.51;ESI MS m/z+146.0(M+H),168.0(M+Na)。
2-(二甲基氨基)-4-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)丁酸(218)。
将3-(二甲基氨基)二氢噻吩-2(3H)-酮(217)(0.95g,6.54mmol)在15ml的0.5MNaOH和10ml的甲醇溶液中搅拌30分钟,用H3PO4中和至pH 7.2,并且加入在50ml的甲醇中的1,2-二(吡啶-2-基)二硫烷(5.76g,26.2mmol)。将混合物搅拌过夜、浓缩、用乙酸乙酯洗涤,并且将水性溶液装载在C-18柱上,从0.01%甲酸中5%甲醇到0.01%甲酸中30%甲醇洗脱,提供标题产物(368mg,20.65%收率)。1H NMR(CDl3OD)8.31(dd,1H,J=0.7,4.7Hz),7.77(m,2H),7.15(dd,1H,J=0.8,5.8Hz),3.22(m,1H),2.85(m,2H),2.51(s,6H),2.05(m,2H);13C NMR 175.00,161.28,150.46,139.40,122.60,121.49,71.20,42.46,36.29,29.88;ESI MS m/z+272.9(M+H),295.0(M+Na)。
2-(二甲基氨基)-4-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)丁酸2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基酯(219)
在50℃,将2-(二甲基氨基)-4-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)丁酸(218)(92mg,0.338mmol)、1-羟基吡咯烷-2,5-二酮(65mg,0.565mmol)和EDC(185mg,0.965mmol)在3ml的DMA中搅拌过夜。将混合物蒸发,在用从1∶10至1∶4的甲醇/CH2Cl2洗脱的SiO2柱上纯化,提供43mg(35%)的标题化合物。1H NMR(CDl3OD)8.40(m,1H),7.83(m,2H),7.22(m,1H),3.34(m,1H),2.82(m,2H),2.75(s,4H),2.66(s,6H),1.98(m,2H);13C NMR 177.21,161.78,161.12,150.68,139.37,122.70,121.66,70.80,44.16,43.15,36.06,27.38;ESI MS m/z+369.2(M+H)。
实施例7 huMy9-6-CX1-1-DM1预带电荷交联剂缀合物的制备:
使用以下的储备溶液:DMA中的39.6mM DM1;(2)在DMA中17.8mM的CX1-1交联剂溶液;(3)pH 5.0、具有2mM EDTA的200mM琥珀酸盐缓冲液。将包含8、12或16之间当量的交联剂与抗体的反应混合物加入pH6.5、90%磷酸盐缓冲液/10%DMA中的4mg/ml抗体的溶液中,并让反应在pH 5.0、25℃反应2小时,然后与DM1反应。
使用以PBS pH 7.4平衡的G25柱,将Ab缀合物从过量的小分子反应物中分离。让纯化的缀合物在25℃保持2天,使得任何易分解的药物连接水解,然后通过在PBS中透析过夜、然后在pH 5.5的10mM组氨酸/130mM甘氨酸缓冲液(1×o/n)透析,从游离药物中进一步纯化缀合物。经透析的缀合物使用0.2um过滤器进行过滤,通过UV/Vis分析,以使用美登木素生物碱和抗体在252和280nm的已知消光系数来计算美登木素生物碱/Ab的数量。回收率大约是~70%,并且根据使用的交联剂过量,对于每个缀合物测量的美登木素生物碱/抗体的数量范围为3.7至6.8。
实施例8 体内药物动力学:
在CD-1小鼠中具有3H-标记-DM4(3.5和6.4DM4/Ab)的人源化抗体C242的带电荷磺基-马来酰亚胺基(Sulfo-Mal)交联剂缀合物的血浆药物动力学通过抗体ELISA和3H-计数进行分析(图72)。具有3.5和6.4D/A的Ab-磺基-马来酰亚胺基-[3H]-DM4缀合物分别以12.9和7.9mg/kg(抗体剂量)静脉注射给药。血浆样品的抗体值通过ELISA(基于使用山羊-抗-huIgG抗体的捕获和使用驴-抗-huIgG抗体辣根过氧化酶的检测)和通过3H-计数(闪烁计数)测量。图72A显示通过ELISA和通过3H-计数的这两个测量的缀合物浓度对于每种缀合物显示相似的值。3.5和6.4D/A的抗体-磺基-马来酰亚胺基-DM4缀合物在4周内显示良好血浆稳定性、分别具有约14.9天和9.7天的半衰期,它们类似于未缀合抗体的大约11.8天的半衰期。两个Ab-磺基-马来酰亚胺基-DM4缀合物的DM4/Ab比(开始为3.5和6.4D/A)在血浆循环中4周也是稳定的,重要地是即使在相当高的6.4D/A负载下也如此(图72B)。具有3.5D/A负载的磺基-马来酰亚胺基-连接的huC242Ab-磺基-马来酰亚胺基-DM4缀合物以12.9mg/kg剂量给药的半衰期是14.9天(AUC=38449hr.μg/mL),与之相比具有类似的4.2D/A的SMCC-连接的huC242Ab-SMCC-DM1缀合物以12mg/kg的剂量给药的半衰期为12.6天,因此相对于SMCC缀合物的半衰期有很大提高(图38B)。
表1 在N901抗体与DM1的缀合中,比较SSNPP和SPP交联剂。缀合在显示的pH、使用每个交联剂1.7倍摩尔过量DM1进行2小时。
表2 使用SSNPP作为交联剂,达到目标DM1与抗体比例所需的减小的交联剂与抗体比例。缀合在pH 7.4、使用每个交联剂1.1倍摩尔过量DM1进行2小时。
交联剂 | 交联剂/Ab | DM1/Ab |
SSNPP | 4.2 | 4.3 |
SPP | 5.6 | 4.3 |
表3 在N901抗体与DC4的缀合中比较SSNPP和SPP交联剂。缀合在pH7.4、使用每个交联剂1.4倍摩尔过量DM4进行显示的时间。
交联剂 | 时间,小时 | 交联剂/Ab | DC4/Ab | %效率 |
SSNPP | 2 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 102 |
SSNPP | 18 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 98 |
SPP | 2 | 5.6 | 4.1 | 73 |
SPP | 18 | 5.6 | 5.1 | 91 |
Claims (46)
1.式(II)的细胞结合剂-药物缀合物,
其中:
CB表示细胞结合剂;
D表示通过二硫键、硫醚键、硫酯键、肽键、腙键、酯键、醚键、氨基甲酸酯键或酰胺键连接到所述细胞结合剂的细胞毒性药物;
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10是相同的或者不同的,并且是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、具有2至6个碳原子的线性、支化或环状烯基或炔基、选自阴离子和阳离子的带电荷取代基——所述阴离子选自SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、PO3 2-、X-PO3 2-、CO2 -和所述阳离子选自含氮杂环、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13、或苯基,其中:
R11、R12和R13是相同的或者不同的,并且是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基,和X表示苯基或者具有1至6个碳原子的线性烷基、或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基;
l、m和n是0或1至4的整数;
A是取代的苯基,其中取代基是具有1至6个碳原子的线性烷基、或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、或选自阴离子和阳离子的带电荷取代基——所述阴离子选自SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、PO3 2-、X-PO3 2-、CO2 -和所述阳离子选自含氮杂环、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13,其中X具有与以上相同的定义,和其中g是0或1;
Z是F1-E1-P-E2-F2单元,其中E1和E2是相同的或者不同的,并且是C=O、O或NR14,其中R14是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、具有2至6个碳原子的线性、支化或者环状烯基或炔基;P是长度在2和20个氨基酸之间的肽单元,其中E1或E2可以通过所述肽的末端氮、末端碳或者通过所述肽的氨基酸之一的侧链连接到所述肽;以及F1和F2是相同的或者不同的,并且是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至约1000的整数,条件是当g是1时,A、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10中的至少一个是带电荷的取代基;
Y表示羰基、硫醚基、酰胺基、二硫基或腙基;和q表示1至20的整数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的缀合物,其中细胞毒性药物选自:硫化三磷;环磷酰胺;磺酸烷基酯,其选自白消安、英丙舒凡和嗪消安;吖丙啶类,其选自苯并多巴、卡波醌、美妥替哌和乌瑞替哌;氮丙啶类;甲基密胺类;多聚乙酰类,其选自布拉它辛和布拉它辛酮;喜树碱;苔藓抑素;海绵多聚乙酰;CC-1065;CC-1065的阿多来新、卡折来新或比折来新合成类似物;自念珠藻环肽类;多拉司他汀;多卡米辛;多卡米辛的KW-2189或CBI-TMI合成类似物;软珊瑚醇;水鬼蕉碱;匍枝珊瑚醇;海绵司他汀;氮芥类,其选自苯丁酸氮芥、萘氮芥、胆磷酰胺、雌莫司汀、异环磷酰胺、氮芥、盐酸氧化氮芥、美法仑、新氮芥、苯芥胆甾醇、泼尼莫司汀、曲磷胺、乌拉莫司汀;亚硝基脲,选自卡莫司汀、氯脲菌素、福莫司汀、洛莫司汀、尼莫司汀、雷莫司汀;抗生素,选自烯二炔抗生素(加里刹霉素,加里刹霉素γ1和加里刹霉素θI);达内霉素,包括达内霉素A;埃斯培拉霉素;新制癌菌素生色团和相关的色蛋白烯二炔抗生素生色团类、阿克拉霉素、放线菌素、安曲霉素、偶氮丝氨酸、博来霉素类、放线菌素C、卡拉比星、去甲柔红霉素、嗜癌霉素;洋红霉素、防线菌素D、柔红霉素、地拖比星、6-重氮基-5-氧代-L-正亮氨酸、阿霉素、表柔比星、依索比星、依达比星、麻西罗霉素、丝裂霉素类、麦考酚酸、诺拉霉素、橄榄霉素、培洛霉素、泊非霉素、嘌罗霉素、三铁阿霉素、罗多比星、链黑霉素、链佐星、杀结核菌素、乌苯美司、净司他丁、佐柔比星;抗代谢药,其选自甲氨蝶呤和5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU);叶酸类似物,其选自二甲叶酸、甲氨蝶呤、蝶罗呤、三甲曲沙;嘌呤类似物,其选自氟达拉滨、6-巯基嘌呤、硫咪嘌呤、硫鸟嘌呤;嘧啶类似物,其选自安西他滨、阿扎胞苷、6-氮尿苷、卡莫氟、阿糖胞苷、二脱氧尿苷、去氧氟尿苷、依诺他滨、氟尿苷;雄激素类,其选自卡普睾酮、丙酸甲雄烷酮、环硫雄醇、美雄烷、睾内酯;抗肾上腺类,选自氨鲁米特、米托坦、曲洛司坦;叶酸补充剂,选自亚叶酸;醋葡醛内酯;醛磷酰胺糖苷;氨基乙酰丙酸;安吖啶;斑曲布星;比生群;依达曲沙;得佛法明;秋水酰胺;地吖醌;依氟尿氨酸;依利醋铵;埃博霉素;依脱格鲁;硝酸镓;羟基脲;香菇多糖;氯尼达明;美登木素生物碱类,其选自美登素和柄型菌素;米托胍腙;米托蒽醌;莫哌达醇;硝呋旦;喷司他丁;蛋氨氮芥;吡柔比星;鬼臼酸;2-乙基酰肼;丙卡巴肼;雷佐生;根霉素;西佐喃;锗螺胺;细格孢氮杂酸;三亚胺醌;2,2′,2″-三氯三乙胺;单端孢霉烯类,其选自T-2毒素、verracurin A、杆孢菌素A和安归啶;乌拉坦;长春地辛;达卡巴嗪;甘露莫司汀;二溴甘露醇;二溴尾矛醇;哌泊溴烷;gacytosine;阿糖胞苷(″Ara-C″);环磷酰胺;硫化三磷;紫杉烷类;苯丁酸芥;吉西他滨;6-硫鸟嘌呤;巯嘌呤;甲氨蝶呤;铂类似物,其选自顺铂和卡铂;长春碱;铂;依托泊苷(VP-16);异环磷酰胺;丝裂霉素C;米托蒽醌;长春新碱;长春瑞滨;诺维本;诺消灵;替尼泊苷;道诺霉素;氨喋呤;希罗达;伊班膦酸盐;CPT-11;拓扑异构酶抑制剂RFS 2000;二氟甲基鸟氨酸(DMFO);视黄酸;卡培他滨;抗激素药,其选自抗雌激素类,包括他莫昔芬、雷洛昔芬、芳香酶抑制4(5)-咪唑类、4-羟基他莫昔芬、曲沃昔芬、雷洛昔芬、LY117018、奥那司酮和托瑞米芬(Fareston);和抗雄激素类,其选自氟他胺、尼鲁米特、比卡鲁胺、醋酸亮丙瑞林和戈舍瑞林;siRNA或它们的组合;以及上述任一物质的药学上可接受的盐、酸或衍生物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的缀合物,其中细胞毒性药物选自美登木素生物碱类、CC-1065类似物、阿霉素吗啉、紫杉烷类、加里刹霉素类、阿里他汀类、吡咯并苯并二氮杂二聚体、siRNA或它们的组合,以及以及上述任一物质的药学上可接受的盐、酸或衍生物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的缀合物,其中所述细胞结合剂结合到选自以下的靶细胞:肿瘤细胞,病毒感染细胞,微生物感染细胞,寄生虫感染细胞,自身免疫细胞,活化细胞,髓样细胞,活化的T-细胞,B细胞,或黑素细胞,表达IGF-IR、CanAg、EGFR、EphA2受体、MUC1、MUC16、VEGF、TF、EpCAM、CD2、CD3、CD4、CD5、CD6、CD11、CD11a、CD18、CD19、CD20、CD22、CD26、CD30、CD33、CD37、CD38、CD40、CD44、CD56、CD79、CD105、CD138、EphA受体、EphB受体、EGFr、EGFRvIII、HER2/neu、HER3、间皮素、cripto、αvβ3整联蛋白、αvβ5整联蛋白、αvβ6整联蛋白、Apo2和C242抗原中的一种或多种的细胞;以及表达胰岛素生长因子受体、表皮生长因子受体或叶酸受体的细胞。
5.根据权利要求1所述的缀合物,其中所述细胞结合剂是抗体、单链抗体、结合到靶细胞的抗体片段、单克隆抗体、单链单克隆抗体、或结合靶细胞的单克隆抗体、嵌合抗体、与靶细胞结合的嵌合抗体片段、结构域抗体、与靶细胞结合的结构域抗体片段、模拟抗体的adnectins、DARPins、淋巴因子、激素、维生素、生长因子、集落刺激因子或营养物质运输分子。
6.根据权利要求5所述的缀合物,其中所述抗体是表面重塑的抗体、表面重塑的单链抗体、或它们的表面重塑抗体片段。
7.根据权利要求5所述的缀合物,其中所述抗体是单克隆抗体、单链单克隆抗体、或它们的单克隆抗体片段。
8.根据权利要求5所述的缀合物,其中所述抗体是人抗体、人源化抗体或表面重塑抗体、人源化单链抗体、或它们的人源化抗体片段。
9.根据权利要求5所述的缀合物,其中所述抗体是嵌合抗体、嵌合抗体片段、结构域抗体、或其结构域抗体片段。
10.根据权利要求8所述的缀合物,其中所述抗体是My9-6、B4、C242、N901、DS6、CNTO 95、B-B4、曲妥单抗、比伐珠单抗、西罗珠单抗、帕妥珠单抗、利妥昔单抗,或与EpCAM、EphA2、CD38或IGF-IR结合的抗体。
11.根据权利要求4所述的缀合物,其中所述肿瘤细胞选自乳腺癌细胞、前列腺癌细胞、卵巢癌细胞、结直肠癌细胞、胃癌细胞、鳞状癌细胞、小细胞肺癌细胞和睾丸癌细胞。
12.根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的缀合物,其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R9和R10之一是选自SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13的带电荷取代基,其余为H;l、g和m各自是0;n是1。
13.根据权利要求12所述的缀合物,其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R9和R10之一是SO3 -或X-SO3 -,其余为H;l、g和m各自是0;n是1。
14.根据权利要求1所述的缀合物,其中E1和E2是相同的或者不同的,并且是C=O或NR14,其中R14是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基;P是长度在2和8个氨基酸之间的肽单元。
15.根据权利要求14所述的缀合物,其中R14是H或具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基;P是长度在2和5个氨基酸之间的肽单元;F1和F2是相同的或者不同的,并且是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至24的整数。
16.根据权利要求15所述的缀合物,其中p是0。
17.根据权利要求16所述的缀合物,其中P是gly-gly-gly。
18.根据权利要求17所述的缀合物,其中细胞毒性药物是美登木素生物碱。
19.根据权利要求18所述的缀合物,其中所述美登木素生物碱是DM1或DM2。
20.根据权利要求1-19任一项所述的缀合物用于制备用于治疗肿瘤的药物中的用途。
21.一种药物组合物,其包括有效量的根据权利要求1-19任一项所述的缀合物、其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物,以及药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂。
22.由式(I)表示的交联剂,
其中:
Y′表示能够与细胞结合剂反应的官能团;
Q表示经二硫键、硫醚键、硫酯键、肽键、腙键、酯键、醚键、氨基甲酸酯键或酰胺键能够连接细胞毒性药物的官能团;
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10是相同的或者不同的,并且是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、具有2至6个碳原子的线性、支化或环状烯基或炔基、选自阴离子和阳离子的带电荷取代基——所述阴离子选自SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、PO3 2-、X-PO3 2-和所述阳离子选自含氮杂环、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13、或苯基,其中:
R11、R12和R13是相同的或者不同的,并且是具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基,和X表示苯基或者具有1至6个碳原子的线性烷基、或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基;
l、m和n是0或1至4的整数;
A是苯基或取代的苯基,其中取代基是具有1至6个碳原子的线性烷基、或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、或者选自阴离子和阳离子的带电荷取代基——所述阴离子选自SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、PO3 2-、X-PO3 2-、CO2 -和所述阳离子选自含氮杂环、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13,其中X具有与以上相同的定义,和其中g是0或1;和
Z是F1-E1-P-E2-F2单元,其中E1和E2是相同的或者不同的,并且是C=O、O或NR14,其中R14是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、具有2至6个碳原子的线性、支化或者环状烯基或炔基;P是长度在2和20个氨基酸之间的肽单元,其中E1或E2可以通过所述肽的末端氮、末端碳或者通过所述肽的氨基酸之一的侧链连接到所述肽;以及F1和F2是相同的或者不同的,并且是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至约1000的整数,条件是当g是1时,A、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10中的至少一个是带电荷的取代基。
23.根据权利要求22所述的交联剂,其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R9和R10之一是选自SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13的带电荷取代基,其余为H;l、g和m各自是0;n是1。
24.根据权利要求23所述的交联剂,其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R9和R10之一是选自SO3 -或X-SO3 -,其余为H;l、g和m各自是0;n是1。
25.根据权利要求22所述的交联剂,其中E1和E2是相同的或者不同的,并且是C=O或NR14,其中R14是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基;P是长度在2和8个氨基酸之间的肽单元。
26.根据权利要求25所述的交联剂,其中R14是H或具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基;P是长度在2和5个氨基酸之间的肽单元;F1和F2是相同的或者不同的,并且是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至24的整数。
27.根据权利要求26所述的交联剂,其中p是0。
28.根据权利要求27所述的交联剂,其中P是gly-gly-gly。
29.根据权利要求22所述的交联剂,其中交联剂由下式表示:
30.式(III)的化合物:
其中:
CB表示细胞结合剂,
Q表示能够经二硫键、硫醚键、硫酯键、肽键、腙键、酯键、醚键、氨基甲酸酯键或酰胺键连接细胞毒性药物的官能团;
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10是相同的或者不同的,并且是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、具有2至6个碳原子的线性、支化或环状烯基或炔基、选自阴离子和阳离子的带电荷取代基——所述阴离子选自SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、PO3 2-、X-PO3 2-、CO2 -和所述阳离子选自含氮杂环、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13、或苯基,其中:
R11、R12和R13是相同的或者不同的,并且是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基,和X表示苯基或者具有1至6个碳原子的线性烷基、或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基;
l、m和n各自是0或1至4的整数;
A是取代的苯基,其中取代基是具有1至6个碳原子的线性烷基、或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、或者选自阴离子和阳离子的带电荷取代基——所述阴离子选自SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、PO3 2-、X-PO3 2-、CO2 -和所述阳离子选自含氮杂环、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13,其中X具有与以上相同的定义,和其中g是0或1;
Z是F1-E1-P-E2-F2单元,其中E1和E2是相同的或者不同的,并且是C=O、O或NR14,其中R14是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、具有2至6个碳原子的线性、支化或者环状烯基或炔基;P是长度在2和20个氨基酸之间的肽单元,其中E1或E2可以通过所述肽的末端氮、末端碳或者通过所述肽的氨基酸之一的侧链连接到所述肽;以及F1和F2是相同的或者不同的,并且是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至约1000的整数,条件是当g是1时,A、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10中的至少一个是带电荷的取代基;和
Y表示羰基、硫醚基、酰胺基、二硫基或腙基;和q表示1至20的整数。
31.根据权利要求30所述的化合物,其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R9和R10之一是选自SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13的带电荷取代基,其余为H;l、g和m各自是0;n是1。
32.根据权利要求31所述的化合物,其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R9和R10之一是SO3 -或X-SO3 -,其余为H;l、g和m各自是0;n是1。
33.根据权利要求30所述的化合物,其中E1和E2是相同的或者不同的,并且是C=O或NR14,其中R14是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基;P是长度在2和8个氨基酸之间的肽单元。
34.根据权利要求33所述的化合物,其中R14是H或具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基;P是长度在2和5个氨基酸之间的肽单元;F1和F2是相同的或者不同的,并且是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至24的整数。
35.根据权利要求34所述的化合物,其中p是0。
36.根据权利要求35所述的化合物,其中P是gly-gly-gly。
37.式(IV)的化合物:
其中:
Y′表示能够与细胞结合剂反应的官能团;
D表示通过二硫键、硫醚键、硫酯键、肽键、腙键、酯键、醚键、氨基甲酸酯键或酰胺键连接到所述细胞结合剂的细胞毒性药物;
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10是相同的或者不同的,并且是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、具有2至6个碳原子的线性、支化或环状烯基或炔基、选自阴离子和阳离子的带电荷取代基——所述阴离子选自SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、PO3 2-、X-PO3 2-、CO2 -和所述阳离子选自含氮杂环、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13、或苯基,其中:
R11、R12和R13是相同的或者不同的,并且是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基,和X表示苯基或者具有1至6个碳原子的线性烷基、或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基;
l、m和n各自是0或1至4的整数;
A是苯基或取代的苯基,其中取代基是具有1至6个碳原子的线性烷基、或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、或者选自SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、PO3 2-、X-PO3 2-、CO2 -、含氮杂环、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13的带电荷取代基,其中X具有与以上相同的定义,和其中g是0或1;和
Z是F1-E1-P-E2-F2单元,其中E1和E2是相同的或者不同的,并且是C=O、O或NR14,其中R14是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基、具有2至6个碳原子的线性、支化或者环状烯基或炔基;P是长度在2和20个氨基酸之间的肽单元,其中E1或E2可以通过所述肽的末端氮、末端碳或者通过所述肽的氨基酸之一的侧链连接到所述肽;以及F1和F2是相同的或者不同的,并且是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至约1000的整数,条件是当g是1时,A、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10中的至少一个是带电荷的取代基。
38.根据权利要求37所述的化合物,其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R9和R10之一是选自SO3 -、X-SO3 -、OPO3 2-、X-OPO3 2-、N+R11R12R13或X-N+R11R12R13的带电荷取代基,其余为H;l、g和m各自是0;n是1。
39.根据权利要求38所述的化合物,其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R9和R10之一是SO3 -或X-SO3 -,其余为H;l、g和m各自是0;n是1。
40.根据权利要求38所述的化合物,其中E1和E2是相同的或者不同的,并且是C=O或NR14,其中R14是H、具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基、或具有3至6个碳原子的支化或环状烷基;P是长度在2和8个氨基酸之间的肽单元。
41.根据权利要求40所述的化合物,其中R14是H或具有1-6个碳原子的线性烷基;P是长度在2和5个氨基酸之间的肽单元;F1和F2是相同的或者不同的,并且是式(OCH2CH2)p的任选的聚乙烯氧单元,其中p是0或者2至24的整数。
42.根据权利要求41所述的化合物,其中p是0。
43.根据权利要求42所述的化合物,其中P是gly-gly-gly。
44.根据权利要求43所述的化合物,其中Y’是N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯。
45.根据权利要求37-44任一项所述的化合物,其中D是经二硫键、硫醚键、硫酯键、肽键、腙键、酯键、醚键、氨基甲酸酯键或酰胺键连接到细胞结合剂的美登木素生物碱。
46.根据权利要求45所述的化合物,其中所述美登木素生物碱是DM1或DM4。
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