CN104459833A - Novel optical polymer composite film and manufacturing method and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel optical polymer composite film and its manufacturing method and application. An optical film is covered on the surface of a base, the base is made of a polymer material, and the optical film is formed by stacking M unit films, and each unit film is composed of The N layer is made of optical film layers made of polymer materials, where N=2 or N=3, each optical film layer has a predetermined film thickness, and any two adjacent optical film layers have different refractive indices; The multilayer optical film is pressed on the surface of the substrate, or the multilayer optical film is made by multilayer co-extrusion blow molding and adhered to the surface of the substrate. According to the needs of practical applications, different optical properties of the optical film can be realized by designing the number of unit modes in the optical film and the film thickness, refractive index and layer distribution of each optical film layer in the unit mode. In the present invention, the process of the novel optical polymer composite film is simple and cheap, and can be widely used in the field of agricultural planting.

Description

A kind of novel optical polymer composite thin film and its preparation method and application

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of thin films, in particular to a novel optical polymer composite thin film and its manufacturing method and application.

Background technique

Optical film is to cover one or more layers of other materials on the surface of the base material to achieve the purpose of changing the transmittance and reflectance of predetermined wavelength band light. Generally speaking, the thickness of the film layer is on the order of the wavelength of light, and the effective wavelength band of the optical film can be changed by changing the thickness of the film layer. Referring to Figure 1, for a film with a fixed thickness, different wavelengths of light correspond to different optical paths (that is, phase differences), and their intensities after coherent superposition are different, which corresponds to different transmittance and reflectance. At present, optical thin films have been widely used in the fields of optics and optoelectronics technology to manufacture various instruments with specific optical effects.

In practical applications, commonly used optical coating materials mainly include metal films and dielectric films. Optical films with better optical effects have relatively high requirements on the purity of coating materials, thickness and uniformity of the film layer, so their prices are relatively expensive. , which limits the application and promotion of this optical film to other industries, for example, the field of agricultural plastic greenhouses that have been used on a large scale in the field of agricultural planting.

The growth of crops depends on the environment. Agricultural plastic greenhouses and some indoor cultivation techniques create a more suitable environment for crops to grow. Among them, the light environment is a very important environmental factor. Red light and blue light are at the two peaks of the plant photosynthesis spectrum. They are the most important light sources that affect plant growth and are also the light sources that plants demand the most, while other wavelengths of light have relatively little impact on photosynthesis. Studies have shown that green Light has a certain reverse effect on the growth of certain plants. Especially in summer, strong sunlight not only puts crops in a state of photoinhibition, but also evaporates a large amount of water in crops and soil, which is seriously unfavorable to the growth of crops.

Therefore, if the optical film can be applied in agriculture, by reducing the components of green light, removing infrared light, a light source that has no effect on photosynthesis but has a serious thermal effect, and removing ultraviolet light that is destructive to plant cells, this can Promote the growth of crops. If the light that is not used for plant growth can be utilized again, for example, a kind of solar energy comprehensive utilization system for planting greenhouses disclosed in Chinese patent application CN103997285A can produce additional economic benefits, and it can be carried out with the cultivated land area of 1.8 billion mu in my country. According to calculations, if 1% is transformed into a comprehensive photovoltaic agricultural base, with a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 10%, its installed capacity can reach 1000GW, and its power generation capacity is equivalent to 50 Three Gorges power stations. The additional income it can bring is considerable.

However, metal films and dielectric films with relatively mature technologies are currently not suitable for promotion in the field of agricultural planting due to their relatively expensive prices, which limits the application of optical films in the field of agricultural planting.

The applicant noticed in the process of implementing the present application that if a polymer material, such as polyethylene (PE) material, is used as the optical film material, its manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced. PE materials have high, medium and low density grades, and the density and refractive index of PE materials can be adjusted, thus providing a large selection space for the design of optical films. Moreover, there are many PE materials with different types and functions. The production process is also relatively mature, which has laid a good foundation for the transformation of optical films into products that are easy to apply and promote.

Contents of the invention

Based on the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present invention proposes a novel optical polymer composite film and its manufacturing method and application.

The present invention proposes a method for manufacturing a novel optical polymer composite film, which includes covering the surface of a substrate with an optical film; the substrate is made of a polymer material; the optical film is formed by stacking M unit films, where M> 2. Each unit film is composed of N layers of optical film layers made of polymer materials, where N=2 or N=3, each layer of optical film layer has a predetermined film thickness, and any two adjacent layers of optical film The layers have different refractive indices.

Preferably, the covering of the optical film on the surface of the substrate is specifically made by pressing the optical film on the surface of the substrate; preferably, M×N layers of optical film are stacked on the surface of the substrate in a predetermined order, and then placed in a heated environment The optical film layer is softened, and the optical film layer is pressed by a rolling device, and the film thickness of each optical film layer is controlled to be uniform during the pressing process;

Alternatively, the covering of the optical film on the surface of the substrate is specifically made by sticking the optical film on the surface of the substrate; preferably, M×N layers of optical film are obtained by blow molding by multi-layer co-extrusion blow molding, and the M×N Layers of optical film are bonded on the surface of the substrate.

Preferably, in the unit film, the optical film layers with different refractive indices are made of polymer materials with different densities, and/or the optical film layers with different refractive indices are made of polymer materials with different doping ;

Preferably, in the unit film, the optical film layers with different refractive indices are made of polyethylene materials with different densities, and/or the optical film layers with different refractive indices are made of polyethylene materials with different doping .

Preferably, the substrate is a polymethyl methacrylate plate; preferably, the backlight surface of the polymethyl methacrylate plate is made into a light guide plate or a diffuser plate; preferably, the shape of the polymethyl methacrylate plate is Parabolic; alternatively, the substrate is polyethylene film.

Preferably, the number of unit modes in the optical film and the film thickness, refractive index and film layer distribution of each layer of optical film layers in the unit mode are designed according to the optical properties of the optical film; preferably, the optical properties of the optical film include transmission properties and reflection Characteristics; preferably, the transmittance characteristics include a transmittance spectrum and a transmittance light intensity; preferably, the reflection characteristics include a reflection spectrum and a reflection light intensity.

Preferably, the M unit films have the same physical structure and optical properties.

The invention proposes a novel optical polymer composite film, comprising: a base and an optical film; the base is made of a polymer material; the optical film is covered on the surface of the base; the optical film is formed by stacking M unit films, wherein M>2 , each unit film is composed of N layers of optical film layers made of polymer materials, where N=2 or N=3, each optical film layer has a predetermined film thickness, and any two adjacent optical film layers have different refractive indices.

Preferably, the substrate is a polymethyl methacrylate plate; preferably, the backlight surface of the polymethyl methacrylate plate is made into a light guide plate or a diffuser plate; preferably, the shape of the polymethyl methacrylate plate is Parabolic; alternatively, the substrate is polyethylene film;

Preferably, in the unit film, the optical film layers with different refractive indices are made of polymer materials with different densities, and/or the optical film layers with different refractive indices are made of polymer materials with different doping ; Preferably, in the unit film, the optical film layers with different refractive indices are made of polyethylene materials with different densities, and/or, the optical film layers with different refractive indices are made of polyethylene materials with different doping become;

Preferably, the M unit films have the same physical structure and optical properties.

Preferably, the number of unit modes in the optical film and the film thickness, refractive index and film layer distribution of each layer of optical film layers in the unit mode are designed according to the optical properties of the optical film; preferably, the optical properties of the optical film include transmission properties and reflection Characteristics; preferably, the light transmission characteristics include the light transmission spectrum and the light transmission intensity; preferably, the reflection characteristics include the reflection spectrum and the reflection light intensity;

Preferably, the optical film can transmit light in a predetermined wavelength range and reflect light in other wavelength ranges; preferably, the light in the predetermined wavelength range includes red light and blue light;

Preferably, the optical film can transmit visible light in the visible wavelength range and reflect light in a predetermined wavelength range; preferably, the predetermined wavelength range includes infrared light and ultraviolet light.

The present invention proposes the application of a novel optical polymer composite film as a light filter film or cover film in agricultural greenhouses. The novel optical polymer composite film is a novel optical polymer composite film made by the above manufacturing method , or, the novel optical polymer composite film is the above-mentioned novel optical polymer composite film.

In the present invention, the optical thin film design principle of the optical coating is integrated into the traditional thin film manufacturing process, thereby proposing a novel optical polymer composite thin film and a manufacturing method thereof. In a specific embodiment, it is made by covering the surface of the substrate with an optical film; the substrate is made of a polymer material, and the optical film is formed by stacking M unit films, where M>2, and each unit film is composed of N layers of polymer The optical film layers made of materials are stacked, where N=2 or N=3, each optical film layer has a predetermined film thickness, and any two adjacent optical film layers have different refractive indices; during the production process, M×N layers of optical films are stacked on the surface of the substrate and pressed, or M×N layers of optical films are made by multi-layer co-extrusion blow molding and adhered to the surface of the substrate. Wherein, the substrate is a polymethyl methacrylate plate or a polyethylene film, and the optical film layers with different refractive indices can be made of polyethylene materials with different densities and/or polyethylene materials with different dopings.

In the actual application process, through the design of the number of unit modes in the optical film and the film thickness, refractive index and layer distribution of each optical film layer in the unit mode, the optical characteristics can be adjusted to meet the requirements of the optical film. Requirements for different optical properties.

In the present invention, the process of the novel optical polymer composite film is simple, mass production can be realized through the industrialization of the polymer, the price is low, and it has a very wide range of application scenarios and application ranges. For example, the application of new optical polymer composite films in the field of agricultural planting can maximize the efficient use of solar energy, improve the growth environment of crops, heat insulation and moisture retention, and save water resources. Governance provides a better solution.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure and optical principle of an optical thin film in the prior art.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a novel optical polymer composite film proposed in the present invention.

Figure 3 is an effect diagram of the light passing through the light guide plate type.

Figure 4 is an effect diagram of light passing through the diffuser plate type.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of pressing an optical film on a substrate in the present invention.

Detailed ways

In the present invention, the optical thin film design principle of the optical coating is integrated into the traditional thin film manufacturing process, thereby proposing a novel optical polymer composite thin film and a manufacturing method thereof.

As shown in Figure 2, in a novel optical polymer composite film and its manufacturing method proposed by the embodiment of the present invention, it is made by covering the surface of the substrate with an optical film; wherein, the substrate is made of a polymer material, and the optical film is made of M It is formed by stacking unit films, where M>2, and each unit film is formed by stacking N optical film layers made of polymer materials, where N=2 or N=3, and each optical film layer has a predetermined Film thickness, any two adjacent optical film layers have different refractive indices.

In a specific embodiment, the surface of the substrate is covered with an optical film, and M unit films in the optical film are provided with the same physical structure and optical characteristics; specifically, among the M unit films, the number of optical film layers N, each layer The physical structures such as film thickness, refractive index and film layer distribution of the optical film layers are all the same, so that the M unit films have the same optical characteristics. With the above arrangement, among the M×N optical film layers of the optical film, any optical film layer will be periodically and repeatedly stacked.

In the production process of the film, the optical film can be made by covering the surface of the substrate by pressing or sticking. Specifically, in the pressing process, a multilayer optical film is laminated on the surface of the substrate and pressed. In the process of sticking The multi-layer optical film is made by multi-layer co-extrusion blow molding method and adhered to the surface of the substrate.

In the first specific embodiment, the substrate is polymethyl methacrylate sheet, also known as acrylic sheet, which is a hard optical-grade sheet with good light transmittance (light transmittance greater than 92%), and Has great mechanical strength and impact resistance.

As shown in Figure 3, the backlight surface of the acrylic sheet can be made into a light guide plate type, and as shown in Figure 4, the backlight surface of the acrylic sheet can be made into a diffuser type. The backlight surface of the acrylic plate is made into a light guide plate type, which can increase the light distribution on the crops when the incident angle of light is large; the backlight surface of the acrylic plate is made into a diffuser plate type, which can make the The direction of light at each point is randomly distributed, and the distribution of light energy on the ground plane is more uniform; when the angle between the parallel incident sunlight and the normal of the ground is larger, more light is projected on the crops on the ground.

Among them, the main technological process of pressing the optical film on the surface of the acrylic sheet to make a new type of optical polymer composite film includes: S1, making the acrylic sheet into a predetermined shape (such as a parabolic shape) and thickness, and using a mold to convert the backlight of the acrylic sheet The surface is made into a light guide plate type or a diffuser plate type; S2. According to the optical characteristic design requirements of the optical film, the multi-layer optical film layer is stacked on the surface of the acrylic plate, and the film thickness of the optical film layer is between 10 microns and On the order of hundreds of microns, apply a lubricant to the surface of the outermost optical film layer away from the acrylic sheet; S3, place the acrylic sheet and the laminated multilayer optical film layer in S2 in a heated environment to soften the multilayer optical film layer ; S4, using a rolling device to suppress the optical film layer to a predetermined thickness, and control the pressing force and speed during the pressing process so that the thickness distribution of multiple optical films is even, as shown in Figure 5, the new optical film is obtained. Polymer composite film.

Among them, the main technological process of making a new type of optical polymer composite film by sticking an optical film on the surface of the acrylic sheet includes: S1. Making the acrylic sheet into a predetermined shape (such as a paraboloid) and thickness, and using a mold to convert the acrylic sheet The backlight surface is made into a light guide plate type or a diffuser plate type; S2. According to the design requirements of the optical characteristics of the optical film, the multi-layer optical film layer is obtained by blow molding by multi-layer co-extrusion blow molding; S3. At a predetermined temperature, the acrylic sheet A layer of molten adhesive is coated on the surface, and then the multilayer optical film layer blown from S2 is adhered to the surface of the acrylic plate to obtain the novel optical polymer composite film.

In the second specific embodiment, the substrate is made of polyethylene film, which is flexible and easy to store. It is a commonly used material for greenhouse covering films in the field of agricultural planting; the surface of the polyethylene film is pressed or glued to make a new type of optical film. The production process of the optical polymer composite film is basically similar to the above-mentioned main technological process of pressing the optical film on the surface of the acrylic plate to make a new optical polymer composite film.

In a specific embodiment, the base material is not limited to acrylic sheet and polyethylene film, and other more economical, high-quality, and popular materials can also be selected.

In the actual application process, in the production process of the optical film, according to the optical characteristics of the optical film, the number M of the unit mode in the optical film and the film thickness, refractive index and film layer distribution of each optical film layer in the unit mode can be adjusted. The design realizes the adjustment of optical characteristics and meets the requirements of different optical characteristics of optical films; among them, the optical characteristics of optical films include transmission characteristics and reflection characteristics, and light transmission characteristics include light transmission spectrum and light intensity, reflection Properties include reflectance and transmittance spectra.

In the specific design, the number M of unit modes can be selected to be greater than 2, for example, M can be selected to be greater than 10 according to the needs of optical characteristics, and each unit film includes 2 or 3 optical film layers stacked; in the unit Among the N optical film layers of the film, when N=2, the refractive index of the two optical film layers is different; when N=3, the refractive index of the first optical film layer and the second optical film layer are different, and the first The refractive index of the second optical film layer and the third optical film layer are different, and the refractive index of the first layer and the third optical film layer are different. The first layer and the third optical film layer can also be designed according to the requirements of optical characteristics. have the same refractive index.

The optical thin film is composed of M unit films. Among the N optical film layers of each unit film, any two adjacent optical film layers have different refractive indices; based on different densities of polymers or different doping will affect the change in its refractive index; therefore, optical layers with different refractive indices can be made of polyethylene materials with different densities, and/or optical layers with different refractive indices can also be made of differently doped polyethylene Of course, the optical film layer can also be made of other polymer materials, as long as there is a difference in refractive index between any two adjacent optical film layers, the technical solution of the present invention can be realized.

In the specific design process, in the unit film, the N optical film layers can be combined in various forms.

For example, when N=2, the two optical film layers are made of two polyethylene materials with different densities, or the two optical film layers are made of two polyethylene materials with different dopings, or the two optical film layers are made of two polyethylene materials with different doping. One of the optical film layers is undoped in polyethylene material and the other layer is doped in polyethylene material and the refractive index of the two is different.

For example, when N=3, the three optical film layers are made of three polyethylene materials with different densities, or the three optical film layers are made of three polyethylene materials with different doping, or, the three optical film layers are made of three polyethylene materials with different doping Two layers of optical film layers are made of two polyethylene materials with different densities, and the other layer is made of doped polyethylene materials, or two layers of three optical film layers are made of two One layer is made of polyethylene material with different doping, while the other layer is made of polyethylene material without doping.

The novel optical polymer composite film proposed by the present invention has a simple process, can realize large-scale production through the industrialization of polymers, is low in price, and has a very wide range of application scenarios and application ranges.

For example, the novel optical polymer composite film of the present invention and its manufacturing method can be applied in the field of agricultural planting.

In the first aspect, the novel optical polymer composite film of the present invention is used as a filter film in the field of agricultural planting. The filter device can be made by pressing or sticking an optical film on an acrylic plate. Through the design of the number of optical film layers, the thickness and refractive index of each optical film layer, and the film layer distribution of multilayer optical film layers, the filter The light device can transmit light of a predetermined wavelength range (such as red light, blue light) and reflect light of other wavelengths (such as green light), so as to make more efficient use of solar energy, not only to maximize the use of sunlight to provide useful energy for crop growth, And by blocking predetermined light to improve the growth environment of crops. Further, the acrylic sheet can be made into a paraboloid, and the reflected light can be used for power generation when it gathers at the focal plane of the parabola, and the light energy used for power generation only loses a small part of the red and blue light in the sunlight. While the crops grow, the rest of the light can be converted into electricity.

In the second aspect, the novel optical polymer composite film of the present invention is used as a covering film in the field of agricultural planting. Press or stick the optical film on the polyethylene base to make the planting greenhouse cover film, through the design of the number of optical film layers, the thickness and refractive index of each optical film layer, and the film layer distribution of the multi-layer optical film layer, the optical The film can pass through visible light in the visible wavelength range, so as not to affect the sunlight needed for crop growth, and can reflect light in a predetermined wavelength range, where the light in the predetermined wavelength range includes infrared light and ultraviolet light. By blocking infrared light, it can reduce The ambient temperature in the covering film reduces the evaporation of water in summer, heat insulation and moisturizing, and saves water resources. By blocking ultraviolet light, it can reduce its damage to crop cells and improve the growth environment of crops. The new optical polymer composite film can be used as a covering film in the field of agricultural planting to replace the traditional planting greenhouse covering film; and, the planting greenhouse covering film can be promoted to arid areas and desert areas, which is beneficial to improving agriculture in arid or desert areas. Production and environmental governance provide a better solution, which will play a very beneficial role.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any person familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, according to the technical solution of the present invention Any equivalent replacement or change of the inventive concepts thereof shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a method for making for novel optical polymer composite film, is characterized in that, described method for making is included in substrate surface and covers optical thin film; Substrate adopts polymeric material to make; Optical thin film is formed by stacking by M unit membrane, wherein M > 2, the optical film that each unit membrane adopts polymeric material to make by N layer is formed by stacking, wherein N=2 or N=3, every layer of optical film has predetermined thickness, and the two-layer optical film of arbitrary neighborhood has different refractive indexes.

2. the method for making of novel optical polymer composite film according to claim 1, is characterized in that, describedly covers optical thin film at substrate surface and is specially and optical thin film is compressed on substrate surface makes; Preferably, M × N layer optical film is overlayed substrate surface according to predefined procedure, then be placed in environment of heating and optical film is softened, and adopt rolling device to carry out compacting to optical film to form, in pressing process, control the uniform film thickness of every layer of optical film;

Or, describedly cover optical thin film at substrate surface and be specially optical thin film to cover and make at substrate surface; Preferably, utilize the blowing of Multi-layer blown film mode to obtain M × N layer optical film, and M × N layer optical film is covered make at substrate surface.

3. the method for making of novel optical polymer composite film according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, in unit membrane, the optical film with different refractivity is made up of the polymeric material with different densities, and/or the optical film with different refractivity is made up of the polymeric material with different doping;

Preferably, in unit membrane, the optical film with different refractivity is made up of the polythene material with different densities, and/or the optical film with different refractivity is made up of the polythene material with different doping.

4. the method for making of the novel optical polymer composite film according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that, substrate is polymethylmethacrylasheet sheet material; Preferably, the shady face of polymethylmethacrylasheet sheet material is made guide-lighting template or astigmatism template; Preferably, the shape of polymethylmethacrylasheet sheet material is parabolic shape; Or substrate is polyethylene film.

5. the method for making of the novel optical polymer composite film according to any one of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, according to the thickness of every layer of optical film in the quantity of unit mould in the optical characteristics of optical thin film design optical thin film and unit mould, refractive index and rete distribution; Preferably, the optical characteristics of optical thin film comprises transmissison characteristic and reflection characteristic; Preferably, light transmission characteristics comprises transmittance spectrum and printing opacity light intensity; Preferably, reflection characteristic comprises reflectance spectrum and reflective light intensity.

6. the method for making of the novel optical polymer composite film according to any one of claim 1-5, is characterized in that, M unit membrane has identical physical arrangement and optical characteristics.

7. a novel optical polymer composite film, is characterized in that, comprising: substrate and optical thin film; Substrate is made up of polymeric material; Optical thin film covers substrate surface; Optical thin film is formed by stacking by M unit membrane, wherein M > 2, the optical film that each unit membrane adopts polymeric material to make by N layer is formed by stacking, wherein N=2 or N=3, every layer of optical film has predetermined thickness, and the two-layer optical film of arbitrary neighborhood has different refractive indexes.

8. novel optical polymer composite film according to claim 7, is characterized in that, substrate is polymethylmethacrylasheet sheet material; Preferably, the shady face of polymethylmethacrylasheet sheet material is made guide-lighting template or astigmatism template; Preferably, the shape of polymethylmethacrylasheet sheet material is parabolic shape; Or substrate is polyethylene film;

Preferably, in unit membrane, the optical film with different refractivity is made up of the polymeric material with different densities, and/or the optical film with different refractivity is made up of the polymeric material with different doping; Preferably, in unit membrane, the optical film with different refractivity is made up of the polythene material with different densities, and/or the optical film with different refractivity is made up of the polythene material with different doping;

Preferably, M unit membrane has identical physical arrangement and optical characteristics.

9. novel optical polymer composite film according to claim 7, is characterized in that, according to the thickness of every layer of optical film in the quantity of unit mould in the optical characteristics of optical thin film design optical thin film and unit mould, refractive index and rete distribution; Preferably, the optical characteristics of optical thin film comprises transmissison characteristic and reflection characteristic; Preferably, light transmission characteristics comprises transmittance spectrum and printing opacity light intensity; Preferably, reflection characteristic comprises reflectance spectrum and reflective light intensity;

Preferably, optical thin film can pass through the light of predetermined wavelength range and reflects the light of all the other wavelength coverages; Preferably, the light of described predetermined wavelength range comprises ruddiness, blue light;

Preferably, optical thin film light-permeable visible wavelength range visible ray and reflect the light of predetermined wavelength range; Preferably, the light of described predetermined wavelength range comprises infrared light, ultraviolet light.

10. a novel optical polymer composite film in field of agricultural cultivation as the application of light filter film or cover film, described novel optical polymer composite film is for adopting the novel optical polymer composite film made by the method for making described in claim 1-6, or described novel optical polymer composite film is the novel optical polymer composite film described in claim 7-9.