CN104455143B - Magnetic damper with floating ring - Google Patents
Magnetic damper with floating ring Download PDFInfo
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- CN104455143B CN104455143B CN201410807372.5A CN201410807372A CN104455143B CN 104455143 B CN104455143 B CN 104455143B CN 201410807372 A CN201410807372 A CN 201410807372A CN 104455143 B CN104455143 B CN 104455143B
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- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001256 stainless steel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009113 bistable response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F6/00—Magnetic springs; Fluid magnetic springs, i.e. magnetic spring combined with a fluid
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种带浮动环的磁阻尼器，它包括：壳体；内轴颈，所述内轴颈包括内环和径向可摆动的固定支架，内环固定安装在固定支架的外壁上，所述的固定支架内用于可旋转地支承转子轴系，并且固定支架的一端通过其上装有的弹性轴固定，所述内环具有多个内导电绝磁环和多个内磁环，并且内导电绝磁环和内磁环在内环的轴向上呈并列交替布置状；浮动环，所述浮动环和内环同轴安装，并且浮动环设置在内环的外围，浮动环具有多个浮动导电绝磁环和多个浮动磁环，浮动导电绝磁环和浮动磁环在浮动环的轴向上也呈并列交替布置状。本发明能够有效改善刚度与阻尼随着转子偏心率的增大而呈现出的强非线性特性的现象，使之更适合高速工况下工作。
The invention discloses a magnetic damper with a floating ring, which comprises: a shell; an inner journal, the inner journal includes an inner ring and a radially swingable fixed bracket, and the inner ring is fixedly mounted on the fixed bracket On the outer wall, the fixed bracket is used to rotatably support the rotor shaft system, and one end of the fixed bracket is fixed by an elastic shaft mounted on it. ring, and the inner conductive and magnetically insulating rings and inner magnetic rings are alternately arranged side by side in the axial direction of the inner ring; the floating ring, the floating ring and the inner ring are coaxially installed, and the floating ring is arranged on the periphery of the inner ring, floating The ring has a plurality of floating conductive magnetic-insulation rings and a plurality of floating magnetic rings, and the floating conductive magnetic-insulation rings and floating magnetic rings are also arranged in parallel and alternately in the axial direction of the floating ring. The invention can effectively improve the phenomenon of strong nonlinear characteristics of stiffness and damping as the eccentricity of the rotor increases, making it more suitable for working under high-speed working conditions.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种带浮动环的磁阻尼器，是一种针对高速旋转机械（如离心机、涡轮机、储能飞轮等）中关键零部件转子进行径向支承及减振的装置，属于设备制造技术领域。The invention relates to a magnetic damper with a floating ring, which is a device for radially supporting and damping the rotor of a key component in a high-speed rotating machine (such as a centrifuge, a turbine, an energy storage flywheel, etc.), and belongs to equipment field of manufacturing technology.
背景技术Background technique
目前，为了确保轴系能稳定、高效地运转，在离心机、涡轮机、储能飞轮等各种高速旋转机械中，常需要在轴系中引入阻尼器装置。At present, in order to ensure the stable and efficient operation of the shaft system, it is often necessary to introduce a damper device into the shaft system in various high-speed rotating machines such as centrifuges, turbines, and energy storage flywheels.
常见的挤压油膜阻尼器所能提供的刚度与阻尼可表示为（以短轴承近似理论为例）：刚度系数，阻尼系数，由公式可知，阻尼器的刚度与阻尼系数的大小，随着转子偏心率ε(或偏心距)的增大，而呈现出很强的非线性特性，这种强非线性特性会引起转子系统的双稳态响应和低频进动等问题，从而使转子—阻尼器系统遭到损坏。The stiffness and damping provided by a common squeeze film damper can be expressed as (taking the short bearing approximation theory as an example): stiffness coefficient, damping coefficient. From the formula, it can be seen that the stiffness and damping coefficient of the damper vary with the rotor The increase of eccentricity ε (or eccentric distance) presents a strong nonlinear characteristic, which will cause problems such as bistable response and low-frequency precession of the rotor system, so that the rotor-damper The system is corrupted.
因此，一种能够改善阻尼与刚度系数随转子偏心率变化强非线性特的阻尼器将有着重要的工业应用价值。Therefore, a damper that can improve the strong nonlinear characteristics of the damping and stiffness coefficient with the change of rotor eccentricity will have important industrial application value.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的缺陷，提供一种带浮动环的磁阻尼器，它能够有效改善刚度与阻尼随着转子偏心率的增大而呈现出的强非线性特性的现象，使之更适合高速工况下工作。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a magnetic damper with a floating ring, which can effectively improve the strong nonlinear characteristics of stiffness and damping with the increase of rotor eccentricity The phenomenon makes it more suitable for working under high-speed conditions.
本发明解决上述技术问题采取的技术方案是：一种带浮动环的磁阻尼器，它包括：The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: a magnetic damper with a floating ring, which includes:
壳体；case;
内轴颈，所述内轴颈包括内环和径向可摆动的固定支架，内环固定安装在固定支架的外壁上，所述的固定支架内用于可旋转地支承转子轴系，并且固定支架的一端通过其上装有的弹性轴固定，所述内环具有多个内导电绝磁环和多个内磁环，并且内导电绝磁环和内磁环在内环的轴向上呈并列交替布置状；Inner journal, the inner journal includes an inner ring and a radially swingable fixed bracket, the inner ring is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the fixed bracket, the fixed bracket is used to rotatably support the rotor shaft system, and is fixed One end of the bracket is fixed by an elastic shaft mounted on it, and the inner ring has a plurality of inner conductive and magnetic-insulating rings and a plurality of inner magnetic rings, and the inner conductive and magnetic-insulating rings and the inner magnetic rings are juxtaposed in the axial direction of the inner ring Alternate arrangement;
浮动环，所述浮动环和内环同轴安装，并且浮动环设置在内环的外围，浮动环具有多个浮动导电绝磁环和多个浮动磁环，浮动导电绝磁环和浮动磁环在浮动环的轴向上也呈并列交替布置状，浮动磁环和内磁环均径向充磁，浮动磁环和内磁环相对的一面为同性磁极，所述浮动环可移动地设置于壳体内；在所述的浮动环和内环中，至少一个浮动磁环与内磁环呈径向相对设置，至少一个浮动磁环与内导电绝磁环呈径向相对设置，和/或至少一个浮动导电绝磁环与内磁环呈径向相对设置。The floating ring, the floating ring and the inner ring are coaxially installed, and the floating ring is arranged on the periphery of the inner ring, the floating ring has a plurality of floating conductive and magnetically insulated rings and a plurality of floating magnetic rings, and the floating conductive and insulated magnetic rings and floating magnetic rings The axial direction of the floating ring is also alternately arranged side by side. The floating magnetic ring and the inner magnetic ring are both radially magnetized. The opposite side of the floating magnetic ring and the inner magnetic ring is the same magnetic pole. In the housing; in the floating ring and the inner ring, at least one floating magnetic ring is arranged radially opposite to the inner magnetic ring, at least one floating magnetic ring is arranged radially opposite to the inner conductive and magnetic-insulating ring, and/or at least A floating conductive and magnetically insulating ring is arranged radially opposite to the inner magnetic ring.
进一步为了能够有效降低浮动环移动时带来的摩擦力，所述的壳体的底部设置有环形槽，并且环形槽内安装有多个球形滚珠，所述的浮动环放置在多个球形滚珠上。Further, in order to effectively reduce the friction caused by the movement of the floating ring, the bottom of the housing is provided with an annular groove, and a plurality of spherical balls are installed in the annular groove, and the floating ring is placed on the plurality of spherical balls .
进一步，所述的浮动环具有两个浮动导电绝磁环和两个浮动磁环，所述的内环具有三个内磁环和两个内导电绝磁环，最上端的浮动磁环的高度等于最上端的内磁环和内导电绝磁环的高度之和。Further, the floating ring has two floating conductive magnetic-insulation rings and two floating magnetic rings, the inner ring has three inner magnetic rings and two inner conductive magnetic-insulation rings, and the height of the uppermost floating magnetic ring is equal to The sum of the heights of the uppermost inner magnetic ring and the inner conductive and insulating magnetic ring.
进一步为了增加电涡流的效益以便很好地加大阻尼效果，壳体由导电的非导磁材料制成。Further, in order to increase the benefit of the eddy current so as to well increase the damping effect, the housing is made of conductive and non-magnetic materials.
进一步，壳体由铝合金材料制成。Further, the casing is made of aluminum alloy material.
进一步，固定支架由不锈钢或铝合金材料制成。Further, the fixing bracket is made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy.
进一步，弹性轴由不锈钢材料制成。Further, the elastic shaft is made of stainless steel.
进一步，壳体与浮动磁环的外圈之间设置有弹性阻尼件。Further, an elastic damping member is arranged between the housing and the outer ring of the floating magnetic ring.
进一步，弹性阻尼件为金属网或粉末冶金环。Further, the elastic damping member is a metal mesh or a powder metallurgy ring.
进一步，浮动导电绝磁环和/或内导电绝磁环由黄铜材料制成。Further, the floating conductive magnetic-insulation ring and/or the inner conductive magnetic-insulation ring are made of brass material.
采用了上述技术方案后，工作时，由固定支架及其上安装的径向充磁的内磁环及内导电绝磁环组成了只能摆动而不能转动的内轴颈，当转子轴系振动时，带动内轴颈摆动，根据同性相斥的原理，浮动环（由径向充磁的浮动磁环及浮动导电绝磁环组成）便在内轴颈上内磁环的斥力作用下移动，使得浮动环左、右两侧的磁感应响度发生较大的变化，浮动导电绝磁环、内导电绝磁环，甚至是导电的壳体就会产生电涡流来消耗转子轴系多余的能量，由此形成了一个涡流阻尼器；另一方面，浮动磁环也会给内轴颈一个反作用斥力，该力与均布的弹性轴共同为转子轴系提供正常运行所必须的径向支承刚度，这样就能够有效改善刚度与阻尼随着转子偏心率的增大而呈现出的强非线性特性的现象，使之更适合高速工况下工作。After adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme, when working, the inner journal that can only swing but not rotate is composed of the fixed bracket and the radially magnetized inner magnetic ring installed on it and the inner conductive and insulating magnetic ring. When the rotor shaft system vibrates When the inner journal is driven to swing, according to the principle of same-sex repulsion, the floating ring (composed of a radially magnetized floating magnetic ring and a floating conductive and insulating magnetic ring) will move under the repulsive force of the inner magnetic ring on the inner journal. The magnetic induction loudness on the left and right sides of the floating ring changes greatly, and the floating conductive magnetic insulating ring, the inner conductive magnetic insulating ring, and even the conductive shell will generate eddy currents to consume the excess energy of the rotor shaft system. This forms an eddy current damper; on the other hand, the floating magnetic ring will also give a reactionary repulsion force to the inner journal, which together with the uniformly distributed elastic shaft provides the radial support stiffness necessary for the normal operation of the rotor shafting, so that It can effectively improve the phenomenon of strong nonlinear characteristics of stiffness and damping with the increase of rotor eccentricity, making it more suitable for high-speed working conditions.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的带浮动环的磁阻尼器的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a magnetic damper with a floating ring according to the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了使本发明的内容更容易被清楚地理解，下面根据具体实施例并结合附图，对本发明作进一步详细的说明。In order to make the content of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below based on specific embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，一种带浮动环的磁阻尼器，它包括：As shown in Figure 1, a magnetic damper with a floating ring, which includes:
壳体7；shell 7;
内轴颈，内轴颈包括内环和径向可摆动的固定支架8，内环固定安装在固定支架8的外壁上，固定支架8内用于通过滚动轴承2可旋转地支承转子轴系3，并且固定支架8的一端通过其上装有的弹性轴4固定，内环具有多个内导电绝磁环10和多个内磁环1，并且内导电绝磁环10和内磁环1在内环的轴向上呈并列交替布置状；Inner journal, the inner journal includes an inner ring and a radially swingable fixed bracket 8, the inner ring is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the fixed bracket 8, and the fixed bracket 8 is used to rotatably support the rotor shaft system 3 through the rolling bearing 2, And one end of the fixed bracket 8 is fixed by the elastic shaft 4 mounted on it, and the inner ring has a plurality of inner conductive and magnetically insulating rings 10 and a plurality of inner magnetic rings 1, and the inner conductive and magnetically insulating rings 10 and the inner magnetic rings 1 are in the inner ring The axial direction is alternately arranged side by side;
浮动环，浮动环和内环同轴安装，并且浮动环设置在内环的外围，浮动环具有多个浮动导电绝磁环6和多个浮动磁环5，浮动导电绝磁环6和浮动磁环5在浮动环的轴向上也呈并列交替布置状，浮动磁环5和内磁环1均径向充磁，浮动磁环5和内磁环1相对的一面为同性磁极，所述浮动环可移动地设置于壳体7内；在所述的浮动环和内环中，至少一个浮动磁环5与内磁环1呈径向相对设置，至少一个浮动磁环5与内导电绝磁环10呈径向相对设置，和/或至少一个浮动导电绝磁环6与内磁环1呈径向相对设置。The floating ring, the floating ring and the inner ring are installed coaxially, and the floating ring is arranged on the periphery of the inner ring. The rings 5 are also alternately arranged side by side in the axial direction of the floating ring. The floating magnetic ring 5 and the inner magnetic ring 1 are both radially magnetized. The ring is movably arranged in the housing 7; in the floating ring and the inner ring, at least one floating magnetic ring 5 is diametrically opposite to the inner magnetic ring 1, and at least one floating magnetic ring 5 is electrically and magnetically insulated from the inner magnetic ring 1. The rings 10 are diametrically opposed to each other, and/or at least one floating conductive and magnetically insulating ring 6 is diametrically opposed to the inner magnetic ring 1 .
如图1所示，壳体7的底部设置有环形槽，并且环形槽内安装有多个球形滚珠9，浮动环放置在多个球形滚珠9上。As shown in FIG. 1 , the bottom of the housing 7 is provided with an annular groove, and a plurality of spherical balls 9 are installed in the annular groove, and the floating ring is placed on the plurality of spherical balls 9 .
浮动环具有两个浮动导电绝磁环6和两个浮动磁环5，内环具有三个内磁环1和两个内导电绝磁环10，最上端的浮动磁环5的高度等于最上端的内磁环1和内导电绝磁环10的高度之和。The floating ring has two floating conductive magnetic-insulation rings 6 and two floating magnetic rings 5, the inner ring has three inner magnetic rings 1 and two inner conductive magnetic-insulation rings 10, and the height of the uppermost floating magnetic ring 5 is equal to the uppermost inner magnetic ring 5. The sum of the heights of the magnetic ring 1 and the inner conducting and insulating magnetic ring 10.
壳体7由导电的非导磁材料制成，譬如，铝合金（牌号为2A13），但不限于此，也可以采用非导电的非导磁材料制成，以减小磁阻尼系数。The housing 7 is made of conductive and non-magnetic materials, such as aluminum alloy (brand name 2A13), but not limited thereto, and may also be made of non-conductive and non-magnetic materials to reduce the magnetic damping coefficient.
固定支架5由不锈钢（牌号为1Cr18Ni9Ti）或铝合金（牌号为2A13）材料制成，当不限于此。The fixing bracket 5 is made of stainless steel (the grade is 1Cr18Ni9Ti) or aluminum alloy (the grade is 2A13), but it is not limited thereto.
弹性轴4由不锈钢材料制成，牌号为1Cr18Ni9Ti，但不限于此。The elastic shaft 4 is made of stainless steel, the grade is 1Cr18Ni9Ti, but not limited thereto.
壳体7与浮动磁环5的外圈之间也可设置有弹性阻尼件。An elastic damping member may also be provided between the housing 7 and the outer ring of the floating magnetic ring 5 .
弹性阻尼件为金属网或粉末冶金环。The elastic damping part is metal mesh or powder metallurgy ring.
浮动导电绝磁环6和/或内导电绝磁环10由黄铜材料制成。The floating conductive magnetic-insulation ring 6 and/or the inner conductive magnetic-insulation ring 10 are made of brass material.
内磁环1、浮动磁环5等零件的材料均为Nd-Fe-B，牌号N40，采用径向充磁，该零件可在专业厂家定做；球形滚珠8、滚动轴承3均可在市场购买。The materials of parts such as inner magnetic ring 1 and floating magnetic ring 5 are all Nd-Fe-B, grade N40, adopting radial magnetization, and these parts can be customized in professional manufacturers; spherical balls 8 and rolling bearings 3 can be purchased in the market.
本发明还可以沿轴向增加磁环及绝磁环的数量，来提高径向支承的刚度及阻尼能力。The present invention can also increase the number of magnetic rings and magnetic insulating rings in the axial direction to improve the rigidity and damping capacity of the radial support.
本发明的工作原理如下：The working principle of the present invention is as follows:
工作时，由固定支架8及其上安装的径向充磁的内磁环1及内导电绝磁环10组成了只能摆动而不能转动的内轴颈，当转子轴系3振动时，带动内轴颈摆动，根据同性相斥的原理，浮动环（由径向充磁的浮动磁环5及浮动导电绝磁环6组成）便在内轴颈上内磁环1的斥力作用下移动，使得浮动环左、右两侧的磁感应响度发生较大的变化，浮动导电绝磁环6、内导电绝磁环10，甚至是导电的壳体7就会产生电涡流来消耗转子轴系多余的能量，由此形成了一个涡流阻尼器；另一方面，浮动磁环5也会给内轴颈一个反作用斥力，该力与均布的弹性轴4共同为转子轴系提供正常运行所必须的径向支承刚度，这样就能够有效改善刚度与阻尼随着转子偏心率的增大而呈现出的强非线性特性的现象，使之更适合高速工况下工作。When working, the fixed bracket 8 and the radially magnetized inner magnetic ring 1 installed on it and the inner conductive and magnetically insulating ring 10 form an inner journal that can only swing but not rotate. When the rotor shaft system 3 vibrates, it drives The inner journal swings, according to the principle of same-sex repulsion, the floating ring (composed of radially magnetized floating magnetic ring 5 and floating conductive and magnetic-insulating ring 6) moves under the repulsive force of the inner magnetic ring 1 on the inner journal, The magnetic induction loudness on the left and right sides of the floating ring changes greatly, and the floating conductive magnetic insulating ring 6, the inner conductive magnetic insulating ring 10, and even the conductive shell 7 will generate eddy currents to consume the excess energy of the rotor shaft system. energy, thereby forming an eddy current damper; on the other hand, the floating magnetic ring 5 will also give a reactionary repulsion force to the inner journal, which together with the uniformly distributed elastic shaft 4 provides the diameter necessary for the normal operation of the rotor shafting. In this way, it can effectively improve the strong nonlinear characteristics of stiffness and damping with the increase of rotor eccentricity, making it more suitable for high-speed working conditions.
浮动环由于可以移动，减缓了内轴颈与浮动环之间的间隙变化，因而使得该装置提供的刚度与阻尼系数随转子偏心率变化强非线性特征得到有效的改善。Since the floating ring can move, the change of the gap between the inner journal and the floating ring is slowed down, so that the rigidity and damping coefficient provided by the device are effectively improved with the strong nonlinear characteristics of the change of the rotor eccentricity.
磁环只摆动而不转动，避免了磁环在高速转动时由离心力带来的环向拉应力作用而遭到损坏，使之更适合高速工况下工作。The magnetic ring only swings but does not rotate, which avoids the damage of the magnetic ring due to the circumferential tensile stress caused by the centrifugal force when it rotates at high speed, making it more suitable for high-speed working conditions.
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明解决的技术问题、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The specific embodiments described above have further described the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects solved by the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN111677800A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-09-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Horizontal two-degree-of-freedom electromagnetic vibration isolation device based on parallel connection of positive and negative stiffness |
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