CN104410713B - Cable jacket condition monitoring system and its monitoring method based on DigiMesh networks - Google Patents
Cable jacket condition monitoring system and its monitoring method based on DigiMesh networks Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
基于DigiMesh网络的电缆外护套状态监测系统及其监测方法，将电力电缆外护套状态信息采集和DigiMesh通信技术相结合，以多跳的方式实现数据回传。本发明通过数据采集器将电缆状态数据进行实时测量，通过物联网进行数据传输，具有高效，高可靠性和超低功耗的特点，同时具备较强的抵御灾害应急通信的能力，能够及时的将监测状况传送到中心服务器，中心服务器对数据进行处理，根据处理后的数据判定电缆外护套的状态。这对实现电力电缆的及时检修，减少线路中存在的安全隐患有重要的现实意义。
The cable outer sheath status monitoring system and its monitoring method based on the DigiMesh network combine the status information collection of the power cable outer sheath with DigiMesh communication technology to realize data return in a multi-hop manner. The present invention measures the cable state data in real time through the data collector and transmits the data through the Internet of Things. The monitoring status is transmitted to the central server, and the central server processes the data, and judges the status of the outer sheath of the cable according to the processed data. This has important practical significance for the timely maintenance of power cables and the reduction of potential safety hazards in the lines.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电力系统配电网管理技术领域，特别是电缆外护套状态监测系统及方法。The invention relates to the technical field of power system distribution network management, in particular to a system and method for monitoring the state of a cable outer sheath.
背景技术Background technique
智能电网作为电力系统发展建设的方向，要求对系统中所有设备的实时状态进行监测，以便及时检修。电力电缆是电力系统中最重要的组成部分之一，用于传输和分配电能，实践证明，很多电缆故障都是由电缆外护套发生故障引起，而电缆一旦发生故障，可能会产生重大损失。目前，电力电缆状态数据采集技术部分已实现，并在一定程度上进行了应用，但如何有效地解决实时监测电力电缆外护套状态和状态数据传输一直没有得到真正解决。这个问题集中体现在如何建立高可靠性，低功耗，低成本，灵活度高的输电线路通信系统，来实现信息的无线传输。As the direction of power system development and construction, smart grid requires real-time monitoring of all equipment in the system for timely maintenance. Power cables are one of the most important components in the power system, used to transmit and distribute electrical energy. Practice has proved that many cable faults are caused by the failure of the cable outer sheath, and once the cable fails, it may cause major losses. At present, the power cable status data acquisition technology has been partially realized and applied to a certain extent, but how to effectively solve the real-time monitoring of the power cable outer sheath status and status data transmission has not been really solved. This problem is concentrated on how to establish a transmission line communication system with high reliability, low power consumption, low cost and high flexibility to realize wireless transmission of information.
目前电力电缆状态监测数据传输主要有两种方式，即通用无线分组服务(GPRS，general packet radio service)和无线传感器网络(WSN，wireless sensor network)。GPRS监测系统需要长期租用电信部门的通信服务，费用较高，数据传输带宽受限，且存在潜在的数据信息安全问题。WSN技术是无线网络研究的热门领域，近年来，WSN得到实际应用的主要是以IEEE 802.15.4标准为基础的ZigBee无线传感网络。ZigBee网络是一种低复杂度，低功耗，低成本的无线网络技术，但ZigBee网络中节点间的传输距离有限，当传输距离扩展到几百米时需要增加功率放大器，通信设备的功耗也会相应增加。At present, there are two main methods of power cable condition monitoring data transmission, namely general packet radio service (GPRS, general packet radio service) and wireless sensor network (WSN, wireless sensor network). The GPRS monitoring system needs to rent the communication service of the telecommunications department for a long time, the cost is high, the data transmission bandwidth is limited, and there are potential data information security problems. WSN technology is a hot field of wireless network research. In recent years, the practical application of WSN is mainly the ZigBee wireless sensor network based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. ZigBee network is a low-complexity, low-power, low-cost wireless network technology, but the transmission distance between nodes in ZigBee network is limited, when the transmission distance is extended to hundreds of meters, it is necessary to increase the power amplifier, the power consumption of communication equipment will increase accordingly.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的一个目的就是提供一种基于DigiMesh网络的电缆外护套状态监测系统，它可以提高通信系统的灵活性、及时性和可靠性，降低成本，降低盲目性。An object of the present invention is to provide a DigiMesh network-based cable sheath status monitoring system, which can improve the flexibility, timeliness and reliability of the communication system, reduce costs, and reduce blindness.
本发明的目的是通过这样的技术方案实现的，它包括有传感器节点、汇聚节点和中心服务器；传感器节点分别设置在待测电缆的各位段点上，汇聚节点设置在待测电缆邻近中心服务器的一端，中心服务器位于远端监控中心；中心服务器、汇聚节点和传感器节点呈长链树型拓扑结构；传感器节点之间进行数据交互，传感器节点与汇聚节点进行数据交互，汇聚节点与中心服务器进行数据交互；The purpose of the present invention is realized by such technical scheme, and it comprises sensor node, converging node and central server; At one end, the central server is located in the remote monitoring center; the central server, the aggregation node and the sensor node form a long-chain tree topology; the sensor nodes exchange data, the sensor node exchanges data with the aggregation node, and the aggregation node exchanges data with the central server interact;
所述传感器节点均包括有数据采集器、电池模块和无线通信器，电池模块为数据采集器和无线通信器提供工作电源；数据采集器通过电缆向同一支路上的传感器节点的数据采集器发送并接收监测脉冲，再将接收到的监测脉冲信息发送至无线通信器；无线通信器包括有主处理单元和xtend无线通信单元，主处理单元控制数据采集器、电池模块和xtend无线通信单元工作，接收并处理数据采集器发送的监测脉冲信息，并将处理后的监测脉冲信息至该传感器节点的xtend无线通信单元，该xtend无线通信单元将处理后的监测脉冲信息发送至目标传感器节点的xtend无线通信单元或汇聚节点，汇聚节点再将汇聚的信息发送至中心服务器。Described sensor node all comprises data collector, battery module and wireless communicator, and battery module provides working power for data collector and wireless communicator; Receive the monitoring pulse, and then send the received monitoring pulse information to the wireless communicator; the wireless communicator includes a main processing unit and an xtend wireless communication unit, and the main processing unit controls the work of the data collector, the battery module and the xtend wireless communication unit, and receives And process the monitoring pulse information sent by the data collector, and send the processed monitoring pulse information to the xtend wireless communication unit of the sensor node, and the xtend wireless communication unit sends the processed monitoring pulse information to the xtend wireless communication of the target sensor node unit or aggregation node, and the aggregation node sends the aggregated information to the central server.
进一步，数据采集器通过UART接口单元将数据发送至主处理单元。Further, the data collector sends data to the main processing unit through the UART interface unit.
进一步，主处理单元采用16位RISC混合信号处理Msp430F169单片机。Further, the main processing unit adopts 16-bit RISC mixed-signal processing Msp430F169 microcontroller.
进一步，所述电池模块包括有充电控制单元、太阳能电池和铅酸蓄电池，太阳能电池产生的电能通过充电控制单元为铅酸电池蓄电，充电控制单元接收主处理单元发送的控制指令。Further, the battery module includes a charging control unit, a solar battery and a lead-acid battery, the electric energy generated by the solar battery is stored for the lead-acid battery through the charging control unit, and the charging control unit receives the control command sent by the main processing unit.
本发明的另一个目的就是提供一种基于DigiMesh网络的电缆外护套状态监测系统，它可以有效地解决实时监测电力电缆外护套状态和状态数据传输的难题。Another object of the present invention is to provide a DigiMesh network-based cable sheath status monitoring system, which can effectively solve the problem of real-time monitoring of the power cable sheath status and status data transmission.
本发明的该目的是通过这样的技术方案实现的，具体步骤如下：This purpose of the present invention is realized by such technical scheme, and concrete steps are as follows:
1)为每个传感器节点和汇聚节点进行唯一编号；1) Carry out a unique number for each sensor node and sink node;
2)根据传感器节点的地理位置，对传感器节点进行分簇；2) According to the geographic location of the sensor nodes, the sensor nodes are clustered;
3)传感器节点向同一簇的相邻传感器节点，通过电缆并行发送和接收监测脉冲；3) Sensor nodes send and receive monitoring pulses in parallel through cables to adjacent sensor nodes in the same cluster;
4)传感器节点对接收到的监测脉冲进行处理，并通过无线通信的方式将处理后的监测脉冲信号发送至下一个传感器节点或汇聚节点；4) The sensor node processes the received monitoring pulse, and sends the processed monitoring pulse signal to the next sensor node or sink node through wireless communication;
5)若下一个节点为传感器节点，则转入步骤4)；若下一个节点为汇聚节点，则转入步骤6)；5) If the next node is a sensor node, then proceed to step 4); if the next node is a sink node, then proceed to step 6);
6)汇聚节点将汇聚到的信息通过无线通信的方式，将汇聚的信息发送至中心服务器；6) The convergence node sends the converged information to the central server through wireless communication;
7)中心服务器根据接收到的信息，监测电缆外护套的状态。7) The central server monitors the status of the cable outer sheath according to the received information.
由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明具有如下的优点：Owing to adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention has following advantage:
本发明将电力电缆外护套状态信息采集和DigiMesh通信技术相结合，以多跳的方式实现数据回传。本发明通过数据采集器将电缆状态数据进行实时测量，通过物联网进行数据传输，具有高效，高可靠性和超低功耗的特点，同时具备较强的抵御灾害应急通信的能力，能够及时的将监测状况传送到中心服务器，中心服务器对数据进行处理，根据处理后的数据判定电缆外护套的状态。这对实现电力电缆的及时检修，减少线路中存在的安全隐患有重要的现实意义。The invention combines the state information collection of the outer sheath of the power cable with the DigiMesh communication technology, and realizes data return in a multi-hop manner. The present invention measures the cable state data in real time through the data collector and transmits the data through the Internet of Things. The monitoring status is transmitted to the central server, and the central server processes the data, and judges the status of the cable outer sheath according to the processed data. This has important practical significance for realizing timely maintenance of power cables and reducing potential safety hazards in the lines.
本发明的其他优点、目标和特征在某种程度上将在随后的说明书中进行阐述，并且在某种程度上，基于对下文的考察研究对本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的，或者可以从本发明的实践中得到教导。本发明的目标和其他优点可以通过下面的说明书和权利要求书来实现和获得。Other advantages, objects and features of the present invention will be set forth in the following description to some extent, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the investigation and research below, or can be obtained from It is taught in the practice of the present invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the following description and claims.
附图说明Description of drawings
本发明的附图说明如下。The accompanying drawings of the present invention are described as follows.
图1为长链树状拓扑结构的无线Mesh网络；Figure 1 is a wireless Mesh network with a long chain tree topology;
图2为通信节点分簇示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of clustering of communication nodes;
图3为传感器节点结构框图；Fig. 3 is a block diagram of sensor node structure;
图4为数据采集原理图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of data acquisition;
图5为图像信息发送接收示意图；Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of sending and receiving image information;
图6为供电系统示意图。Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the power supply system.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.
基于DigiMesh网络的电缆外护套状态监测系统，根据电缆线路的分布特点，提出一种长链树型的传感器节点分布模型。传感器节点由数据采集器、电源模块和无线通信器组成，均部署在长链状电缆线路的各位段点上。在每条电缆线路邻近中心服务器的一端设置一个汇聚节点，用于收集该条线路上所有监测脉冲信息，并与线路终端的监控站点中心服务器相连。多条长链以汇聚节点为根形呈长链树型拓扑结构，其中每条长链表示一条输电线路，其结构如图1所示。Based on DigiMesh network cable sheath status monitoring system, according to the distribution characteristics of cable lines, a long chain tree sensor node distribution model is proposed. The sensor nodes are composed of data collectors, power modules and wireless communicators, all of which are deployed at each segment point of the long chain cable line. Set up a converging node at the end of each cable line adjacent to the central server, which is used to collect all monitoring pulse information on the line, and connect to the central server of the monitoring site at the end of the line. Multiple long chains take the sink node as the root to form a long chain tree topology, where each long chain represents a transmission line, and its structure is shown in Figure 1.
该系统具有以下特点：The system has the following characteristics:
(1)长链树状拓扑结构的WMNs中，链路上的数据信息以多跳的方式传输到汇聚节点；(1) In WMNs with a long-chain tree topology, the data information on the link is transmitted to the sink node in a multi-hop manner;
(2)每个位段点上的数据采集器和通信节点都有唯一的ID号，以便于对传回的信息进行标记和定位，节点部署后均不再发生位置移动；(2) The data collector and communication node on each segment point has a unique ID number, so as to mark and locate the returned information, and the position of the node will not move after deployment;
(3)数据采集器定时采样，数据传输过程中需要对Msp430F169单片机的数据发送速率和XTend模块的发射速率进行设置，使前者不大于后者，以防止出现数据溢出和丢失；(3) The data collector samples regularly. During the data transmission process, the data transmission rate of the Msp430F169 microcontroller and the transmission rate of the XTend module need to be set so that the former is not greater than the latter, so as to prevent data overflow and loss;
(4)传感器节点采用太阳能与蓄电池相结合的供电方式。为降低功耗，线路上的传感器节点在没有监测数据发送时处于休眠状态，在传输数据前定时唤醒并完成数据的发送和接收。(4) The sensor node adopts the power supply mode combining solar energy and storage battery. In order to reduce power consumption, the sensor nodes on the line are in a dormant state when there is no monitoring data transmission, and wake up regularly before transmitting data and complete the data transmission and reception.
针对长链树状WMNs，本发明采用多数据源多信道并行传输方案，可以减少数据的路由跳数，降低处理时延和信道干扰，提高网络的利用率。基于802.15.4标准的DigiMesh网络在915MHz频段提供了10个40bit/s独立信道。根据传感器节点地理位置的分布特点对节点进行分簇，簇内不选定簇头，以防单跳距离过远或同一节点承担转发任务过多导致节点提前失效。以双信道通信为例对节点进行分簇，分簇效果如图2所示，图中单号方格为一簇，双号方格为另一簇，采用同一信道通信。For long-chain tree WMNs, the present invention adopts a multi-data source multi-channel parallel transmission scheme, which can reduce data routing hops, reduce processing delay and channel interference, and improve network utilization. The DigiMesh network based on the 802.15.4 standard provides 10 40bit/s independent channels in the 915MHz frequency band. The nodes are clustered according to the distribution characteristics of the sensor node's geographical location, and the cluster head is not selected in the cluster, in case the single-hop distance is too far or the same node undertakes too many forwarding tasks, causing the node to fail early. Taking dual-channel communication as an example to cluster nodes, the clustering effect is shown in Figure 2. In the figure, the single-numbered squares are one cluster, and the double-numbered squares are another cluster, using the same channel for communication.
针对电力线路状态监测对设备稳定性及功耗的要求，提出一种传感器节点设计方案，节点功能由数据采集器、电源模块和无线通信器三部分构成。其结构框图如图3所示。Aiming at the requirements of power line state monitoring for equipment stability and power consumption, a sensor node design scheme is proposed. The node function consists of three parts: data collector, power module and wireless communicator. Its structural block diagram is shown in Fig. 3 .
无线通信器由主处理单元和xtend无线通信单元组成。其中，主处理单元采用16位RISC混合信号处理器Msp430F169单片机，功耗低，能够处理图像级数据的接收、处理、存储和发送。无线通信器由基于DigiMesh协议的9Xtend无线射频模块，即XTend模块构成，该模块发射功率为500mW的稳定工作状态下，可使用户在20公里可视距离接收900MHz信号，同时支持节点的同步休眠和唤醒，能够降低监测系统通信过程中的能耗，满足设备野外长时间工作的要求。The wireless communicator consists of a main processing unit and an xtend wireless communication unit. Among them, the main processing unit adopts 16-bit RISC mixed-signal processor Msp430F169 single-chip microcomputer, which has low power consumption and can handle the receiving, processing, storing and sending of image-level data. The wireless communicator is composed of the 9Xtend wireless radio frequency module based on the DigiMesh protocol, that is, the XTend module. Under the stable working state of the module with a transmission power of 500mW, the user can receive 900MHz signals at a visual distance of 20 kilometers, and supports synchronous sleep and Wake-up can reduce the energy consumption during the communication process of the monitoring system and meet the requirements of long-term work in the field.
电力电缆外护套状态监测系统工作过程中，数据采集器将采集到的外护套状态信息数据通过RS232/485总线和UART接口单元发送给主处理单元，经过主处理单元的处理和分析，把相关信息经XTend模块传送至同一信道中距离中心服务器点较近的节点。During the working process of the power cable outer sheath status monitoring system, the data collector sends the collected outer sheath status information data to the main processing unit through the RS232/485 bus and UART interface unit. After processing and analysis by the main processing unit, the Relevant information is transmitted to the nodes closer to the central server point in the same channel through the XTend module.
电缆在正常工作时，电缆金属套中会产生工频感应电流或者环形感应电流，此时数据采集器会测出外护套中的工频感应电压、工频感应电流或者环形感应电流，一旦电缆出现短路故障、雷电过电压或内部过电压时，就会导致金属套中出现很高的工频过电压或冲击过电压。该数据采集器在安装完成后通过电缆向同一簇的相邻的传感器节点发送脉冲信号，临近传感器节点接收到脉冲信号后产生应答响应，发送方在接收到应答信号后根据应答信号对电路的信息进行记录，并将问答信息和应答信息通过无线通信器发送至传感器节点。由中心服务器对信息进行分析和处理，根据处理后的数据对电缆外护套的状态进行评估。When the cable is working normally, power frequency induced current or ring induced current will be generated in the cable metal sheath. At this time, the data collector will measure the power frequency induced voltage, power frequency induced current or ring induced current in the outer sheath. Once the cable When a short-circuit fault, lightning overvoltage or internal overvoltage occurs, a high power frequency overvoltage or impulse overvoltage will appear in the metal sleeve. After the installation is completed, the data collector sends a pulse signal to the adjacent sensor nodes of the same cluster through the cable, and the adjacent sensor node generates a response response after receiving the pulse signal. Make records, and send question and answer information and response information to sensor nodes through wireless communicators. The information is analyzed and processed by the central server, and the status of the cable outer sheath is evaluated based on the processed data.
图像信息在XTend模块间的无线发送接收过程如图5所示，其中XTend模块A与XTend模块B均工作在900MHz的频段上。编码码流接收过程中，进入XTend模块A数据接收缓冲器的第一个字节作为数据序列的起始，直到XTend模块A的数据接收缓冲器不能再接收数据，缓冲器中的数据将打包并通过无线发送给XTend模块B。The wireless transmission and reception process of image information between XTend modules is shown in Figure 5, where both XTend module A and XTend module B work in the 900MHz frequency band. During the receiving process of the coded code stream, the first byte entering the data receiving buffer of XTend module A is used as the start of the data sequence, until the data receiving buffer of XTend module A can no longer receive data, the data in the buffer will be packed and Send to XTend module B via wireless.
传感器节点供电选择蓄电池组供电、太阳能电池浮充方式。系统的供电示意图如图6所示。蓄电池通常采用免维护铅酸蓄电池。XTend模块与摄像头的的功率均为500mW，主控芯片最大功率为30mW。上行数据采集器至监控站点方向的大部分业务为周期性采集的监测数据，数据采集间隔30min。以十级链路为例，在需要传输状态监测数据的周期内，无线通信器可以被及时、快速唤醒并完成数据传输任务，该工作周期约为5min。在没有状态监测数据传输的周期内，通信设备能够自动进入休眠状态。给设备供电的太阳能蓄电池容量为100Ah，电压为5V，在不考虑给太阳能蓄电池充电以及电池损耗导致电压下降等因素的情况下，监测设备的工作时间约为120天。The sensor node power supply selects battery pack power supply and solar battery floating charge mode. The power supply diagram of the system is shown in Figure 6. The battery is usually a maintenance-free lead-acid battery. The power of the XTend module and the camera is both 500mW, and the maximum power of the main control chip is 30mW. Most of the business in the direction from the uplink data collector to the monitoring site is monitoring data collected periodically, and the data collection interval is 30 minutes. Taking the tenth-level link as an example, the wireless communicator can be woken up in time and quickly to complete the data transmission task during the period when the status monitoring data needs to be transmitted. The working period is about 5 minutes. During the period when there is no state monitoring data transmission, the communication device can automatically enter the dormant state. The solar battery that supplies power to the equipment has a capacity of 100Ah and a voltage of 5V. Without considering factors such as charging the solar battery and voltage drop caused by battery loss, the working time of the monitoring equipment is about 120 days.
采用太阳能电池作为充电电源，不受人为因素和外界干扰，长期运行成本低且易于维护，能够长期自动维持检测设备的供电。出于安全考虑，杆塔上不能悬挂较长的导线，因此太阳能供电系统要和监测设备一起安装在杆塔上，所以供电系统的体积和重量要满足杆塔设计的承重和抗风要求。同时机壳采用防磁金属材料，并通过杆塔与大地连接，该措施可以起到屏蔽电磁干扰、防尘、防水和抗雷击的作用，保障监测系统稳定可靠。The solar battery is used as the charging power source, free from human factors and external interference, low in long-term operation cost and easy to maintain, and can automatically maintain the power supply of the detection equipment for a long time. For safety reasons, long wires cannot be suspended on the tower, so the solar power supply system must be installed on the tower together with the monitoring equipment, so the volume and weight of the power supply system must meet the load-bearing and wind resistance requirements of the tower design. At the same time, the casing is made of anti-magnetic metal material and connected to the ground through the tower. This measure can play the role of shielding electromagnetic interference, dustproof, waterproof and anti-lightning strike, and ensures the stability and reliability of the monitoring system.
本发明提供的电缆外护套状态监测系统设计是基于DigiMesh网络平台的，将电力电缆外护套状态信息采集和DigiMesh通信技术相结合，以多跳的方式实现数据回传。该设计通过数据采集器将电缆状态数据进行实时测量，通过无线物联网进行数据传输，具有高效，高可靠性和超低功耗的特点，同时具备较强的抵御灾害应急通信的能力，能够及时的将监测状况传送到附近的监控站点，监控站点对数据进行处理，根据处理后的数据判定电缆外护套的状态。最终解决实时监测电力电缆外护套状态和状态数据传输的难题，同时能够实现电力电缆的及时检修，对减少线路中存在的安全隐患有着重要的现实意义。The design of the cable outer sheath state monitoring system provided by the present invention is based on the DigiMesh network platform, which combines the power cable outer sheath state information collection with DigiMesh communication technology, and realizes data return in a multi-hop manner. The design measures the cable status data in real time through the data collector and transmits the data through the wireless Internet of Things. It has the characteristics of high efficiency, high reliability and ultra-low power consumption. The monitoring status is transmitted to the nearby monitoring site, the monitoring site processes the data, and judges the status of the cable outer sheath according to the processed data. Ultimately solve the problem of real-time monitoring of the status of the outer sheath of the power cable and the transmission of status data, and at the same time realize the timely maintenance of the power cable, which has important practical significance for reducing potential safety hazards in the line.
最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本技术方案的宗旨和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention without limitation. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be carried out Modifications or equivalent replacements, without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution, should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
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