CN104415774A

CN104415774A - Desulphurization catalyst and preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN104415774A
Application number: CN201310367701.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 田辉平; 林伟; 王鹏; 孙言; 朱玉霞
Original assignee: Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing; China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Current assignee: Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing; China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Priority date: 2013-08-21
Filing date: 2013-08-21
Publication date: 2015-03-18
Anticipated expiration: 2033-08-21
Also published as: CN104415774B

Abstract

The invention discloses a desulphurization catalyst, and also discloses a preparation method of the desulphurization catalyst and the desulphurization catalyst prepared by the method, and an application of the desulphurization catalyst in desulphurization of sulfur-containing hydrocarbon oil. The desulphurization catalyst contains an aluminosilicate molecular sieve with a duodenary-ring pore-channel structure, rare earth oxide, titanium dioxide, a silicon oxide source, zinc oxide and active metal; the rare earth element content in the aluminosilicate molecular sieve with the duodenary-ring pore-channel structure is 0 mumg/g; and the characteristic peaks of an tetragonal system of a rare earth-tin solid solution or an isometric system of a rare earth-tin composite oxide can be existed in a XRD spectrogram of the desulphurization catalyst. The desulphurization catalyst has better desulphurization activity and desulphurization stability.

Description

A kind of desulphurization catalyst and preparation and application thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of desulphurization catalyst, also relate to a kind of preparation method of desulphurization catalyst and desulphurization catalyst prepared by this method, and the application of desulphurization catalyst in hydrocarbon oil containing surphur desulfurization.

Background technology

The sulphur compound contained in hydrocarbon ils in use easily causes the exhaust emission of sulphur, and the impact of sulphur pollution, along with the movement of vehicle, expands by the hydrocarbon ils being especially used as vehicle fuel.Various countries to have formulated strict standard one after another and have limited sulfur content in the hydrocarbon ils being used as vehicle fuel for this reason.

At present, the method for sulphur in hydrocarbon ils that removes mainly contains catalytic desulfurhydrogenation, catalytic cracking and desulfurizing, oxidation sweetening, solvent extraction desulfurization, biological desulphurization, adsorption desulfurize, film desulfurization and photocatalysis desulfurization etc.Wherein adsorption desulfurize has advantage simply, easily and fast, becomes one of current people's desulfur technology comparing concern.

CN1355727A discloses a kind of adsorbent composition being applicable to remove sulphur from cracking gasoline and diesel fuel, be made up of zinc oxide, silica, oxidation al and ni, wherein nickel is substantially to reduce valence state existence, and its amount can remove sulphur from the cracking gasoline contacted with described nickeliferous adsorbent composition under desulfurization conditions or diesel fuel stream.Owing to containing aluminium oxide in this adsorbent composition, when regenerating, under high temperature action, have the zinc oxide storing sulfur functional can lose this function with aluminium oxide in conjunction with production zinc aluminate, affects the desulphurizing activated of adsorbent composition and stability.

CN101433821A discloses a kind of adsorbent reducing sulfur content in hydrocarbon oils, take total sorbent weight as benchmark, this adsorbent comprises: the rare earth faujasite of 1-30 % by weight, and the reactive metal oxides of 5-40 % by weight and the carrier of 30-94 % by weight, wherein carrier comprises aluminium oxide and zinc oxide.The adsorbing agent carrier of this invention contains aluminium oxide, affects the desulphurizing activated and stability of adsorbent.Adsorbent is the rare earth faujasite contained, and the pore passage structure that rare earth is distributed in faujasite is inner, and Adsorbent Acidity is strong, and cracking activity is strong, affects the stability of yield of gasoline and desulfurization.

As can be seen here, in order to realize the desulfurized effect of hydrocarbon ils better, improve the desulphurizing activated and desulfurization stability of hydrocarbon oil desulphurization adsorbing agent, and reduce the impact on hydrocarbon ils quality, need the hydrocarbon oil desulphurization adsorbing agent overcoming above-mentioned defect.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to overcome the defect that in above-mentioned prior art, desulfuration adsorbent exists, provide a kind of new desulphurization catalyst, the desulphurization catalyst that desulphurization catalyst preparation method and thus method obtain, and the application of desulphurization catalyst in hydrocarbon oil containing surphur desulfurization.

To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of desulphurization catalyst, this desulphurization catalyst contains Si-Al molecular sieve, rare earth oxide, tin ash, silica source, zinc oxide and the active metal with twelve-ring pore passage structure, with the gross weight of described desulphurization catalyst for benchmark, the described content with the Si-Al molecular sieve of twelve-ring pore passage structure is 1-30 % by weight, and described rare earth oxide is with RE ₂o ₃the content of meter is 0.5-15 % by weight, and the content of described tin ash is 3-35 % by weight, and the content of described silica source is 5-30 % by weight, and the content of described zinc oxide is 10-80 % by weight, and the content of described active metal is 5-30 % by weight; The wherein said Si-Al molecular sieve with twelve-ring pore passage structure is at least one in X-type molecular sieve, Y zeolite and beta-molecular sieve, described in there is the inside, duct of the Si-Al molecular sieve of twelve-ring pore passage structure ree content be 0 μ g/g; The characteristic peak of the tetragonal crystal system of rare earth-Xi solid solution or the cubic system of rare earth-Xi composite oxides is there is in the XRD spectra of described desulphurization catalyst.

The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of desulphurization catalyst, and the method comprises: the precursor of tin ash contacts with the precursor mixing of rare earth oxide and obtains rare earth-tin oxide sol by (1); (2) after the slurries that zinc oxide, silica source, the Si-Al molecular sieve with twelve-ring pore passage structure and water are mixed to form being mixed with described rare earth-tin oxide sol, contact with acidic liquid and obtain carrier mixture, then obtain carrier through shaping, dry and roasting; (3) in described carrier, introduce the compound containing active metal, dry, roasting obtains desulfuration adsorbent precursor; (4) described desulfuration adsorbent precursor is reduced in a hydrogen atmosphere, obtain desulphurization catalyst.

Present invention also offers a kind of desulphurization catalyst obtained by preparation method provided by the invention.

Present invention also offers a kind of method of desulfurization of hydrocarbon oil, the method comprises: hydrocarbon oil containing surphur and hydrodesulfurization catalyst are reacted, and wherein, described desulphurization catalyst is desulphurization catalyst provided by the invention.

By desulphurization catalyst provided by the invention, this desulphurization catalyst still has better desulphurizing activated after can carrying out repeatedly desulfurization regeneration course of reaction, desulfurization stability is better.And this desulphurization catalyst carry out desulfurization of hydrocarbon oil reaction can have less green coke amount, yield of gasoline is higher.In the product gasoline composition obtained, iso-component is more, and sulfur content is lower, and the octane number of product gasoline improves, product gasoline better quality.This desulphurization catalyst can obtain better mar proof in addition.

Such as, the desulphurization catalyst A1 obtained in embodiment 1 contains USY molecular sieve and cerium, the crystallization reservation degree of the molecular sieve calculated in A1 by XRD spectra is 99.9%, illustrate that the structure of USY molecular sieve does not change, judge that cerium does not enter in the pore passage structure of USY molecular sieve, i.e. in the pore passage structure of USY molecular sieve molecular sieve, content of rare earth is 0 μ g/g.The information going out peak from XRD figure can find out in desulphurization catalyst A1 to there is cerium tin solid solution.Therefore, carry out gasoline desulfur evaluation, six absorption regenerations product gasoline sulfur content obtained that circulates is 10 μ g/g, illustrates that desulphurization catalyst A1 has that better gasoline desulfur is active, stability.In the product slates obtained in gasoline desulfur evaluation, green coke amount is 0.03 % by weight, the product gasoline yield obtained is 99.9%, isoparaffin and isomeric olefine content are respectively 37.14 % by weight and 21.05 % by weight, product gasoline octane number increases, and illustrates that desulphurization catalyst A1 can obtain the product gasoline of more good quality.Adopt desulphurization catalyst A1 to carry out diesel fuel desulfurization performance evaluation in addition, in product diesel oil, sulfur content is 23.1 μ g/g, and diesel fuel desulfurization rate is 99.38%, and product diesel yield is 98.92%, and Cetane number is 29.0.Desulphurization catalyst A1 abrasion index before and after sulfuration is respectively 3.8 and 3.7, has better abrasion resistance properties.And the desulphurization catalyst B3 in comparative example 3, carry out gasoline desulfur evaluation, six absorption regenerations product gasoline sulfur content obtained that circulates is 116 μ g/g, in the product slates obtained, green coke amount is 0.59 % by weight, the product gasoline yield obtained is 96.3%, and isoparaffin and isomeric olefine content are respectively 33.97 % by weight and 14.54 % by weight.Carry out diesel fuel desulfurization performance evaluation, in product diesel oil, sulfur content is 230 μ g/g, and diesel fuel desulfurization rate is 93.81%, and product diesel yield is 91.95%, and Cetane number is 22.3.Desulphurization catalyst B3 abrasion index before and after sulfuration is respectively 6.4 and 6.2.

Other features and advantages of the present invention are described in detail in detailed description of the invention part subsequently.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Accompanying drawing is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and forms a part for description, is used from explanation the present invention, but is not construed as limiting the invention with detailed description of the invention one below.In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is the XRD spectra of the desulphurization catalyst A1 containing cerium and USY molecular sieve, wherein 2 θ are 6.1 °, 10.0 °, 11.8 °, 15.6 °, 18.7 °, 20.3 °, 24.8 ° and 27.1 ° and the peak marking " ◆ " is the characteristic peak of USY type molecular sieve, and 2 θ are 26.25 °, 33.70 °, 37.85 ° and 51.67 ° and mark peak be the characteristic peak of cerium tin solid solution;

Fig. 2 is the XRD spectra of the desulphurization catalyst A2 containing lanthanum and beta-molecular sieve, and wherein 2 θ are 7.7 ° and 22.6 ° and the peak marking "●" is the characteristic peak of beta-molecular sieve, and 2 θ are 28.88 °, 33.47 °, 48.06 °, 57.04 ° and 59.83 ° and mark peak be the rhombic characteristic peak of lanthanum tin composite oxides;

Fig. 3 is the XRD spectra of the desulphurization catalyst A3 containing neodymium and X-type molecular sieve, wherein 2 θ are 11.7 °, 15.3 °, 18.3 °, 20.1 °, 23.5 °, 26.6 °, 30.4 ° and 31.1 ° and the peak marking "×" is the characteristic peak of X-type molecular sieve, and 2 θ are 29.25 °, 33.90 °, 48.71 °, 57.83 ° and 60.67 ° and mark peak be the rhombic characteristic peak of neodymium tin composite oxides;

Fig. 4 is the Pyridine adsorption IR spectra spectrogram of desulphurization catalyst B2, and wherein wave number is 1445cm ^-1the absworption peak of cerium in USY type molecular sieve pore passage;

Fig. 5 is the XRD spectra of desulphurization catalyst B2, wherein 2 θ are 6.1 °, 10.0 °, 11.8 °, 15.6 °, 18.7 °, 20.3 °, 24.8 ° and 27.1 ° and the peak marking " ◆ " is the characteristic peak of USY type molecular sieve, and 2 θ are 8.01 °, 28.64 °, 30.92 °, 37.1 °, 59.36 ° and 65.25 ° and the peak marking " ■ " is the characteristic peak of gahnite;

Fig. 6 is the Pyridine adsorption IR spectra spectrogram of desulphurization catalyst B3, and wherein wave number is 1445cm ^-1the absworption peak of cerium in USY type molecular sieve pore passage;

Fig. 7 is the XRD spectra of desulphurization catalyst B3, wherein 2 θ are 6.1 °, 10.0 °, 11.8 °, 15.6 °, 18.7 °, 20.3 °, 24.8 ° and 27.1 ° and the peak marking " ◆ " is the characteristic peak of USY type molecular sieve, 2 θ are 26.60 °, 33.89 °, 37.91 ° and 51.80 ° the peak marking " ■ " are the characteristic peaks of tin ash.

Detailed description of the invention

Below the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.Should be understood that, detailed description of the invention described herein, only for instruction and explanation of the present invention, is not limited to the present invention.

To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of desulphurization catalyst, this desulphurization catalyst contains Si-Al molecular sieve, rare earth oxide, tin ash, silica source, zinc oxide and the active metal with twelve-ring pore passage structure, with the gross weight of described desulphurization catalyst for benchmark, the described content with the Si-Al molecular sieve of twelve-ring pore passage structure is 1-30 % by weight, and described rare earth oxide is with RE ₂o ₃the content of meter is 0.5-15 % by weight, and the content of described tin ash is 3-35 % by weight, and the content of described silica source is 5-30 % by weight, and the content of described zinc oxide is 10-80 % by weight, and the content of described active metal is 5-30 % by weight; The wherein said Si-Al molecular sieve with twelve-ring pore passage structure is at least one in X-type molecular sieve, Y zeolite and beta-molecular sieve, described in there is the Si-Al molecular sieve of twelve-ring pore passage structure pore passage structure in ree content be 0 μ g/g; The characteristic peak of the tetragonal crystal system of rare earth-Xi solid solution or the cubic system of rare earth-Xi composite oxides is there is in the XRD spectra of described desulphurization catalyst.

In the present invention, the composition of described desulphurization catalyst can further preferably, with the gross weight of described desulphurization catalyst for benchmark, described in there is the Si-Al molecular sieve of twelve-ring pore passage structure content be 2-25 % by weight, described rare earth oxide is with RE ₂o ₃the content of meter is 0.5-10 % by weight, and the content of described tin ash is 5-25 % by weight, and the content of described silica source is 10-20 % by weight, and the content of described zinc oxide is 25-70 % by weight, and the content of described active metal is 8-25 % by weight; More preferably with the gross weight of described desulphurization catalyst for benchmark, described in there is the Si-Al molecular sieve of twelve-ring pore passage structure content be 2-20 % by weight, described rare earth oxide is with RE ₂o ₃the content of meter is 1-5 % by weight, and the content of described tin ash is 8-15 % by weight, and the content of described silica source is 10-15 % by weight, and the content of described zinc oxide is 40-60 % by weight, and the content of described active metal is 12-20 % by weight.In preferred described desulphurization catalyst, the content of rare earth oxide and tin ash can be conducive to forming rare earth-Xi solid solution or rare earth-Xi combined oxidation structure, thus is more conducive to the abrasion resistance properties, the desulphurizing activated and product gasoline quality that improve desulphurization catalyst.

According to the present invention, rare earth element is not had to distribute in the inside, duct of the Si-Al molecular sieve with twelve-ring pore passage structure.Prior art rare earth elements is distributed in molecular sieve pore passage inside, although add the acidity of molecular sieve, improve the cracking reaction of molecular sieve in desulfurization adsorption reaction process active, but in also making product form, coke sulfur content strengthens, and the yield of product gasoline is reduced.The coke formed easily is deposited on desulphurization catalyst, affects the further suction-operated of desulphurization catalyst.Molecular sieve in desulphurization catalyst provided by the invention, does not have rare earth to distribute in pore passage structure, and the acid intensity of molecular sieve and distribution are more suitable for hydrocarbon ils and carry out desulfurization adsorption reaction, can reduce green coke amount in product composition, improve the yield of product gasoline.

According to the present invention, by polycrystal X ray diffraction approach (XRD) spectrogram of desulphurization catalyst, the crystallization reservation degree of molecular sieve can be calculated, judges whether rare earth element enters in the pore passage structure of molecular sieve.When in the pore passage structure that rare earth element does not enter described molecular sieve, the crystallization reservation degree of molecular sieve is close to 100%, and in the pore passage structure described in confirmation with the Si-Al molecular sieve of twelve-ring pore passage structure, ree content is 0 μ g/g.On the contrary, time in the pore passage structure entering molecular sieve if any rare earth element, the crystallization reservation degree of molecular sieve can reduce.In the present invention, the degree of crystallinity reservation degree of molecular sieve refers in the XRD spectra of desulphurization catalyst, the peak area of the characteristic peak of molecular sieve divided by the business of the content of molecular sieve in desulphurization catalyst, with the ratio (all relative to the sample size of Unit Weight) of the peak area of characteristic peak in the XRD spectra of pure molecular sieve.Characteristic peak as USY molecular sieve is the peak of 2 θ=23.7 °, and the characteristic peak of beta-molecular sieve is the peak of 2 θ=22.5 °, and the characteristic peak of X-type molecular sieve is 2 θ=23.4 °.

In addition, rare earth element enters in molecular sieve pore passage structure the infrared spectrum analysis of pyridine adsorption can also to be utilized to judge.Judge according to the wave number that the characteristic peak of rare earth element on infrared spectrum occurs.Enter in the pore passage structure of USY type molecular sieve for cerium, at 1445cm ^-1position occur the characteristic peak of cerium showing that cerium is present in the pore passage structure of USY type molecular sieve, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 6.

According to the present invention, under preferable case, the sial atomic molar of described X-type molecular sieve is than being 1-3:1; The sial atomic molar ratio of described Y zeolite can be 3-25:1.Described Y zeolite can also include but not limited to super-stable Y molecular sieves (USY), HY and phosphorous USY(PUSY); The sial atomic molar ratio of described beta-molecular sieve can be 10-40:1.

According to the present invention, the rare earth oxide contained in described desulphurization catalyst can combine with tin ash, makes desulphurization catalyst can have the crystal structure of rare earth-Xi solid solution or rare earth-Xi composite oxides.Under preferable case, the rare earth element in described rare earth oxide is selected from least one in La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu; Rare earth element in preferred described rare earth oxide is at least one in La, Ce, Pr and Nd.

According to the present invention, rare earth oxide can combine with tin ash, forms the crystal structure of rare earth-Xi solid solution or composite oxides.Under preferable case, as shown in Figure 1, when rare earth element is cerium, the characteristic peak of the tetragonal crystal system of cerium tin solid solution is there is (with (" relevant Sn in the XRD spectra of described desulphurization catalyst, Ce, the institutional framework of Ru oxide-based nanomaterial, thermodynamics and electrode performance " University of Fuzhou's Master's thesis, Wang little Kang) document compares, above-mentioned characteristic peak is the characteristic peak of cerium tin solid solution), with the characteristic peak 26.60 ° in the standard substance card (JCPDS21-1250) of pure SnO2, 33.89 °, 37.91 ° and 51.80 ° exist deviation, this is that the lattice structure of " having dissolved in " tin ash due to Ce forms cerium tin solid solution, the lattice of tin ash is distorted, thus be reflected in XRD spectra produces compared with the characteristic peak of pure tin ash and offset.In addition, be that 28.52 ° and the 33.06 ° characteristic peaks locating not exist the cubic crystal of cerium oxide also demonstrate that Ce " has dissolved in " in tin ash lattice structure at 2 θ, no longer include independent cerium oxide structure (Wang little Kang Master's thesis, the same).

According to the present invention, under preferable case, as shown in Figure 2, when rare earth element is lanthanum, in the XRD spectra of described desulphurization catalyst, there is the characteristic peak that 2 θ are the cubic system of the lanthanum tin composite oxides of 28.88 °, 33.47 °, 48.06 °, 57.04 ° and 59.83 °; There are not 2 θ is 26.60 °, 33.89 °,, there is not the characteristic peak (JCPDS No.24-0554) that 2 θ are the cubic crystal of the lanthanas at 25.3 °, 27.8 °, 28.9 °, 37.9 °, 44.6 °, 49.8 °, 53.5 °, 54 ° and 58.5 ° places in the characteristic peak of the tetragonal crystal of the tin ash of 37.91 ° and 51.80 °.

According to the present invention, under preferable case, as shown in Figure 3, when rare earth element is neodymium, in the XRD spectra of described desulphurization catalyst, there is the characteristic peak that 2 θ are the cubic system of the neodymium tin composite oxides of 29.25 °, 33.90 °, 48.71 °, 57.83 ° and 60.67 °; There are not 2 θ is 26.60 °, 33.89 °,, there is not the characteristic peak (JCPDS No.40-1282) that 2 θ are the cubic crystal of the neodymia at 26.6 °, 30.0 °, 31.1 °, 40.6 °, 47.6 °, 53.4 ° and 57.1 ° places in the characteristic peak of the tetragonal crystal of the tin ash of 37.91 ° and 51.80 °.

In the present invention, the rare earth-Xi solid solution formed in desulphurization catalyst or rare earth-Xi composite oxides, can overcome desulphurization catalyst tear strength and decline, the problem that the life cycle caused shortens.In addition, the rare earth-Xi solid solution of formation or rare earth-Xi composite oxides, can improve gasoline and diesel fuel desulfurization is active.Use the desulphurization catalyst containing rare earth-Xi solid solution or rare earth-Xi composite oxides can also improve isomerization product content in the desulfurization product gasoline obtained, the octane number of product gasoline can be improved.In described desulphurization catalyst, the active phase of zinc oxide can also be increased containing rare earth-Xi solid solution or rare earth-Xi composite oxides, thus promote the desulphurizing activated of desulphurization catalyst further.

In the present invention, in described desulphurization catalyst, tin ash substitutes aluminium oxide can be reduced desulphurization catalyst as binding agent form gahnite in absorption and regeneration process, thus keeps the activity of zinc oxide, improves the desulphurizing activated of desulphurization catalyst.

According to the present invention, described active metal for promoting absorption and the cracking of the sulfur-containing compound in hydrocarbon oil containing surphur, for the sulphur of oxidation state being reduced to the metal of hydrogen sulfide.Under preferable case, described active metal is group VIII metal; Preferred group VIII metal is be selected from least one in cobalt, nickel, iron and manganese, is more preferably cobalt and/or nickel.

The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of desulphurization catalyst provided by the invention, and the method comprises: the precursor of tin ash contacts with the precursor mixing of rare earth oxide and obtains rare earth-tin oxide sol by (1); (2) after the slurries that zinc oxide, silica source, the Si-Al molecular sieve with twelve-ring pore passage structure and water are mixed to form being mixed with described rare earth-tin oxide sol, contact with acidic liquid and obtain carrier mixture, then obtain carrier through shaping, dry and roasting; (3) in described carrier, introduce the compound containing active metal, dry, roasting obtains desulfuration adsorbent precursor; (4) described desulfuration adsorbent precursor is reduced in a hydrogen atmosphere, obtain desulphurization catalyst.

According to the present invention, the step (1) of the preparation method of described desulphurization catalyst, by preparing rare earth-tin oxide sol, to form rare earth-Xi solid solution or rare earth-Xi composite oxides structure in shaping, dry, the calcination process in step (2), the desulphurization catalyst containing this structure is conducive to realizing object of the present invention.

In the present invention, obtaining described rare earth-tin oxide sol in step (1) can have multiple method, can be method one, comprise the following steps: the precursor of tin ash contacts with acid solution and obtains tin oxide sol by (a); B described tin oxide sol and the precursor of rare earth oxide mix to contact with ammonia spirit again and obtain rare earth-tin oxide sol by ().Can also be method two, comprise the following steps: the precursor of tin ash contacts with acid solution and obtains tin oxide sol by (a); B the aqueous solution of the precursor of described tin oxide sol and rare earth oxide is obtained rare earth-tin oxide sol by ().Also can be method three, comprise: the precursor of tin ash and the precursor of rare earth oxide be contacted with acid solution and obtains rare earth-tin oxide sol.In said method, described acid solution can be at least one in hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, and the concentration of described acid solution can be 5-30 % by weight; The concentration of described ammonia spirit can be 10-30 % by weight.There is no particular limitation for the consumption of described acid solution or described ammonia spirit, as long as can form described rare earth-tin oxide sol, consumption that such as can be sour makes the pH value of slurries be 1-5, is preferably 1.5-4.

According to the present invention, in step (1), under preferable case, the addition of the precursor of described tin ash makes in the desulphurization catalyst obtained, and with the gross weight of desulphurization catalyst for benchmark, the content of tin ash is 3-35 % by weight; The content of preferred tin ash is 5-25 % by weight; More preferably the content of tin ash is 8-15 % by weight.

According to the present invention, under preferable case, the precursor of described tin ash is selected from least one in butter of tin, four isopropyl alcohol tin, tin acetate and aqua oxidation tin.

According to the present invention, in step (1), under preferable case, the addition of the precursor of described rare earth oxide makes in the desulphurization catalyst obtained, and with the gross weight of desulphurization catalyst for benchmark, described rare earth oxide is with RE ₂o ₃the content of meter is 0.5-15 % by weight; Preferred described rare earth oxide is with RE ₂o ₃the content of meter is 0.5-10 % by weight; More preferably described rare earth oxide is with RE ₂o ₃the content of meter is 1-5 % by weight.

According to the present invention, under preferable case, the precursor of described rare earth oxide is selected from least one in the acetate of the rare earth metal in described rare earth oxide, carbonate, nitrate, sulfate, oxalates, chloride and oxide.

According to the present invention, in step (2), under preferable case, the addition of described silica source makes in the desulphurization catalyst obtained, and with the gross weight of desulphurization catalyst for benchmark, the content of described silica source is 5-30 % by weight; The content of preferred described silica source is 10-20 % by weight; More preferably the content of described silica source is 10-15 % by weight.

According to the present invention, under preferable case, described silica source can be pure silica, the natural minerals that also can be greater than 45 % by weight for silica content; Preferential oxidation silicon source can be selected from one or more in diatomite, expanded perlite, kaolin, silicalite, hydrolysis oxidation silicon, macropore silicon oxide and silica gel.

According to the present invention, in step (2), under preferable case, described zinc oxide and the described addition with the Si-Al molecular sieve of twelve-ring pore passage structure make in the desulphurization catalyst obtained, with the gross weight of desulphurization catalyst for benchmark, the content of described zinc oxide is 10-80 % by weight, described in there is the Si-Al molecular sieve of twelve-ring pore passage structure content be 1-30 % by weight; The content of preferred described zinc oxide is 25-70 % by weight, described in there is the Si-Al molecular sieve of twelve-ring pore passage structure content be 2-25 % by weight; More preferably the content of described zinc oxide is 40-60 % by weight, described in there is the Si-Al molecular sieve of twelve-ring pore passage structure content be 2-20 % by weight.

According to the present invention, in step (2), the consumption of described acidic liquid can make the pH value of described carrier pulp be 0.5-6, is more preferably 1-4.Described acidic liquid can be selected from water-soluble inorganic acid and/or organic acid, such as, can be at least one in hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and acetic acid.

According to the present invention, in step (2), described carrier mixture can be the forms such as wet mixture, paste mixture, dough or slurries.By described shaping, described carrier mixture can be shaped to extrudate, sheet, pill, ball or micro-spherical particle.Such as, when described carrier mixture be dough or paste mixture time, described carrier mixture shaping (preferred extrusion molding) can be made to form particle, and preferred diameter is at 1.0-8.0mm, length, at the cylindrical extrudates of 2.0-5.0mm, then makes the extrudate of gained carry out drying, roasting.If described carrier mixture is wet mixture form, this mixture multiviscosisty can be made, through super-dry aftershaping.More preferably described carrier mixture is slurry form, forms the microballoon that granularity is 20-200 micron, reach shaping object by spraying dry.For the ease of spraying dry, before dry, the solid content of slurries can be 10-50 % by weight, is preferably 20-50 % by weight.

In the present invention, the drying means of described carrier mixture and condition are conventionally known to one of skill in the art, such as, dry method can be dry, dry, forced air drying.Under preferable case, in step (3), dry temperature can be room temperature to 400 DEG C, is preferably 100-350 DEG C; The time of described drying is at least 0.5 hour, is preferably 0.5-60 hour.

In the present invention, the roasting condition of described carrier mixture also can be conventionally known to one of skill in the art, and in general, the temperature of described roasting is 400-700 DEG C, is preferably 450-650 DEG C; The time of described roasting is at least 0.5 hour, is preferably 0.5-100 hour, is more preferably 0.5-10 hour.

In preparation method provided by the invention, in step (3), in described carrier, the compound introduced containing active metal can pass through accomplished in many ways.Under preferable case, the addition of the described compound containing active metal makes in the desulphurization catalyst obtained, and with the gross weight of desulphurization catalyst for benchmark, the content of described active metal is 5-30 % by weight; Preferred 8-25 % by weight; More preferably 12-20 % by weight.Wherein, the described compound containing active metal is selected from least one in the acetate of active metal, carbonate, nitrate, sulfate, rhodanate and oxide.

In the present invention, the concrete operation method introducing the compound containing active metal in step (3) in described carrier can adopt and well known to a person skilled in the art that dipping method or intermediate processing realize.Described dipping method is with containing carrier described in the solution of compound of active metal or suspension impregnation; Described intermediate processing is mixed with described carrier the solution of the compound containing active metal or suspension, then adds ammoniacal liquor and will contain the compound precipitation of active metal on carrier.Preferred dipping method.

In the present invention, after introducing the compound containing active metal in the carrier, also comprise and carry out drying and roasting.At about 50-300 DEG C, carry out drying, preferably dry temperature is 100-250 DEG C, and the dry time is about 0.5-8 hour, is more preferably 1-5 hour.After drying, roasting is carried out having under oxygen or oxygen-containing gas existent condition at the temperature of about 300-800 DEG C, more preferably 400-750 DEG C, the time of roasting is about 0.5-4 hour, preferred 1-3 hour, until volatile materials is removed and is converted into the oxide of active metal containing the compound of active metal, obtain desulfuration adsorbent precursor.

In the present invention, the reduction of desulfuration adsorbent precursor can be carried out immediately by step (4) after obtained desulfuration adsorbent precursor, also can before use (namely for desulfurization absorption before) carry out.Because active metal is easily oxidized, and the active metal in desulfuration adsorbent precursor exists in the form of an oxide, and therefore for ease of transport, the reduction of desulfuration adsorbent precursor is carried out by preferred steps (4) before carrying out desulfurization absorption.Described being reduced to makes the metal in the oxide of active metal substantially exist with reduction-state, obtains desulphurization catalyst of the present invention.Under preferable case, the condition that desulfuration adsorbent precursor reduces in a hydrogen atmosphere comprised: hydrogen content is 10-60 volume %, the temperature of reduction is 300-600 DEG C, and the time of reduction is 0.5-6 hour; The temperature of preferred reduction is 400-500 DEG C, and the time of reduction is 1-3 hour.

Present invention also offers a kind of desulphurization catalyst obtained by preparation method provided by the invention.This desulphurization catalyst has composition and the content of aforementioned desulphurization catalyst, does not repeat them here.

According to the present invention, in the method for described desulfurization of hydrocarbon oil, described hydrocarbon oil containing surphur and described desulphurization catalyst can react in a hydrogen atmosphere, and the condition of reaction comprises: the temperature of reaction can be 350-500 DEG C, is preferably 400-450 DEG C; The pressure of reaction can be 0.5-4MPa; Be preferably 1-2MPa.

According to the present invention, the method for described desulfurization of hydrocarbon oil can also comprise: regenerated by the desulphurization catalyst through reaction after reaction.The condition of regeneration comprises: regenerate under oxygen atmosphere (oxygen content can be 10-80 volume %); The temperature of regeneration is 450-600 DEG C, is preferably 480-520 DEG C; The pressure of regeneration is normal pressure.

In the present invention, the method for described desulfurization of hydrocarbon oil can also comprise: the desulphurization catalyst after regeneration reduces before reuse.The condition of reduction comprises: reduce under hydrogen atmosphere (hydrogen content can be 30-60 volume %); The temperature of reduction can be 350-500 DEG C, preferred 400-450 DEG C; The pressure of reduction can be 0.2-2MPa, is preferably 0.2-1.5MPa.

In the present invention, described hydrocarbon ils comprises cracking gasoline and diesel fuel, and wherein " cracking gasoline " means hydrocarbon or its any cut that boiling range is 40 to 210 DEG C, is the product from making larger crack hydrocarbon molecules become more micromolecular heat or catalytic process.The thermal cracking process be suitable for includes, but are not limited to coking, thermal cracking and visbreaking etc. and combination thereof.The example of the catalytic cracking process be suitable for includes but not limited to fluid catalystic cracking and RFCC etc. and combination thereof.Therefore, the catalytically cracked gasoline be suitable for includes but not limited to coker gasoline, pressure gasoline, visbreaker gasoil, fluid catalystic cracking gasoline and heavy oil cracked gasoline and combination thereof.In some cases, be in the methods of the invention used as hydrocarbon-containifluids fluids time can by described cracking gasoline fractionation and/or hydrotreatment before desulfurization.Described " diesel fuel " means boiling range is the hydrocarbon mixture of 170 DEG C to 450 DEG C or the liquid of its any fractional composition.This type of hydrocarbon-containifluids fluids includes but not limited to light cycle oil, kerosene, straight-run diesel oil, catalytic cracking diesel oil and hydroprocessed diesel etc. and combination thereof.

In the present invention, term used " sulphur " represents any type of element sulphur if hydrocarbon-containifluids fluids is as the organosulfur compound existed normal in cracking gasoline or diesel fuel.The sulphur existed in hydrocarbon-containifluids fluids of the present invention includes but not limited to carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon disulfide (CS ₂), mercaptan or other thiophenes etc. and combination thereof, especially comprise thiophene, benzothiophene, alkylthrophene, alkyl benzothiophenes and methyldibenzothiophene, and the thiophenes that in diesel fuel, the normal molecular weight existed is larger.

The invention will be further described by the following examples.

In the following Examples and Comparative Examples, the composition of desulphurization catalyst calculates according to feeding intake.

Polycrystal X ray diffraction (XRD) adopts X-ray diffractometer (Siemens company D5005 type) to carry out the structure determination of desulphurization catalyst, Cu target, K α radiation, solid probe, tube voltage 40kV, tube current 40mA.

Pyridine adsorption IR spectra method adopts the FTS3000 type Fourier infrared spectrograph of BIO-RAD company of the U.S. to measure.Condition is seal in original position pond sample compressing tablet being placed on infrared spectrometer; Under 623K, be evacuated down to 10-3Pa, keep 1h, make the gas molecule desorption of sample surfaces clean, be cooled to room temperature, at 1000-4000cm ^-1wave-number range interscan, records the infrared absorption spectra before sample adsorption pyridine.In original position pond, import the pyridine steam that pressure is 2.67Pa, after balance 30min, be warmed up to 200 DEG C, be again evacuated to 10-3Pa, keep 30min, be chilled to room temperature, at 1400-1700cm ^-1wave-number range interscan, records the infrared absorption spectra of 200 DEG C of pyridine adsorption, observes the characteristic peak of rare earth in molecular sieve pore passage from this spectrogram.

Embodiment 1

The present embodiment is for illustration of the preparation method of desulphurization catalyst of the present invention.

(1) rare earth-tin oxide sol is prepared.2.85 kilograms of butters of tin (Beijing Chemical Plant, analyzes pure, 99 % by weight) to be joined in nitric acid (chemical pure, the Beijing Chemical Plant produce) solution of 3.5 kilogram 5 % by weight and to stir 1 hour, obtaining water white colloidal solution, be called tin oxide sol.After 1.261 kilograms of cerous nitrates (Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Sinopharm Group, purity is greater than 99.0 % by weight) being dissolved in 0.2 kilogram of deionized water solution and tin oxide sol be mixed to get cerium tin oxide sol.

(2) carrier is prepared.By the expanded perlites of 1.33 kilograms (silicon oxide-containing 0.77 kilogram, 0.13 kilogram, aluminium oxide, potassium oxide 0.07 kilogram, sodium oxide molybdena 0.03 kilogram) join in the salpeter solution of 0.5 kilogram 2 % by weight and add thermal agitation and filter after 2 hours, join after impurity such as removing potassium, sodium, aluminium etc. in the cerium tin oxide sol that step (1) obtains, obtain the mixture of expanded perlite and cerium tin oxide sol.

By 4.00 kilograms of Zinc oxide powder (Headhorse companies, purity 99.7 % by weight), 2.00 kilograms of USY molecular sieve (Shandong catalyst branch companies, containing butt 1.8 kilograms, sial atomic molar is than being 9.5:1) and 5.25 kilograms of deionized water mixing, stir and obtain zinc oxide and USY molecular sieve mixed serum after 30 minutes.This mixed serum is added in the mixture of expanded perlite that step (1) obtains and cerium tin oxide sol, and obtain carrier mixture after stirring 1 hour.

This carrier mixture is adopted Niro Bowen Nozzle Tower ^tMthe spray dryer of model carries out spraying dry, and spraying dry pressure is 8.5-9.5MPa, baking temperature 350 DEG C.The microballoon that spraying dry obtains roasting at 450 DEG C obtains carrier in 0.5 hour.

(3) compound containing active metal is introduced.Compound containing active metal is Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate, the carrier that step (2) is obtained 2.79 kilograms of Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate (Beijing chemical reagents corporations, purity is greater than 98.5 % by weight) and the aqueous impregnation of 0.8 kilogram of deionized water, the mixture obtained after 5 hours, 1 hour can obtain adsorbent precursors in air atmosphere 450 DEG C of roastings through 250 DEG C of dryings.

(4) reduce.Adsorbent precursors step (3) obtained reduces in the hydrogen atmosphere of 400 DEG C can obtain desulphurization catalyst in 3 hours, is designated as desulphurization catalyst A1.

The composition of desulphurization catalyst A1 is calculated as by inventory: zinc oxide 40.0 % by weight, expanded perlite 10.0 % by weight, USY molecular sieve 18.0 % by weight, tin ash 15.0 % by weight, cerium oxide 5.0 % by weight, nickel 12.0 % by weight.

Desulphurization catalyst A1 carries out polycrystal X ray diffraction (XRD) and characterizes, and spectrogram is shown in Fig. 1.The characteristic peak being 23.7 ° with 2 θ calculates the crystallization reservation degree of USY molecular sieve in desulphurization catalyst A1, the results are shown in Table 1.

Desulphurization catalyst A1 carries out XRD determining result as shown in Figure 1, is the diffraction maximum that Rutile Type appears in 26.25 °, 33.70 °, 37.85 ° and 51.67 ° of places at 2 θ in spectrogram, but with pure SnO ₂standard substance card (JCPDS21-1250) in tin ash Rutile Type characteristic peak positions 26.60 °, 33.89 °, 37.91 ° and 51.80 ° there is deviation, this is that the lattice structure of " having dissolved in " tin ash due to Ce forms cerium tin solid solution, the lattice of tin ash is distorted, thus is reflected in XRD spectra produces compared with the characteristic peak of pure tin ash and offsets.In addition, be that 28.52 ° and the 33.06 ° characteristic peaks locating not exist the cubic crystal of cerium oxide also demonstrate that Ce " has dissolved in " in tin ash lattice structure at 2 θ, no longer include independent cerium oxide structure.Illustrate that in desulphurization catalyst A1, tin ash and cerium oxide define cerium tin solid solution.

Embodiment 2

(1) rare earth-tin oxide sol is prepared.1.17 kilograms of oxychlorination tin (Aldrich company, analyzes pure, 98.5 % by weight) to be joined in hydrochloric acid (chemical pure, the Beijing Chemical Plant produce) solution of 2.0 kilogram 15 % by weight and to stir acidifying 1 hour, forming water white colloidal solution, be called tin oxide sol.0.1 kilogram of lanthana (analyzing pure, traditional Chinese medicines group) is added in tin oxide sol, is uniformly mixed rear dropping 25 % by weight ammonia spirit until become lanthanum tin oxide sol.

(2) carrier is prepared.The diatomite of 1.2 kilograms (silicon oxide-containing 1.00 kilograms) and 6.00 kilograms of Zinc oxide powder (Headhorse companies, purity 99.7 % by weight), 0.24 kilogram of beta-molecular sieve (Nanjing catalyst branch company, containing butt 0.20 kilogram, sial atomic molar is than for 20:1) and 5.0 kilograms of deionized water mix and blends obtain the mixed serum of diatomite, zinc oxide and beta-molecular sieve after 30 minutes.The lanthanum tin oxide sol that step (1) obtains is added this mixed serum, stirs and obtain carrier mixture after 1 hour.

The spray drying forming of carrier mixture is carried out and roasting obtains carrier with reference to the method for embodiment 1.

(3) compound containing active metal is introduced.Compound containing active metal is Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate and cabaltous nitrate hexahydrate, the carrier that step (2) is obtained 6.93 kilograms of Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate (Beijing chemical reagents corporations, purity is greater than 98.5 % by weight), the aqueous impregnation of 2.47 kilograms of cabaltous nitrate hexahydrates and 0.8 kilogram of deionized water, then obtain adsorbent precursors with reference to method that is dry in embodiment 1 step (3) and roasting.

(4) reduce.Method reduction with reference to embodiment 1 step (4) obtains desulphurization catalyst A2.

The composition of desulphurization catalyst A2 is calculated as by inventory: zinc oxide 60.0 % by weight, tin ash 8.0 % by weight, diatomite 10.0 % by weight, beta-molecular sieve 2.0 % by weight, lanthana 1.0 % by weight, nickel 14.0 % by weight, cobalt 5.0 % by weight.

Desulphurization catalyst A2 carries out polycrystal X ray diffraction (XRD) and characterizes, and spectrogram is shown in Fig. 2.The characteristic peak being 22.5 ° with 2 θ calculates the crystallization reservation degree of beta-molecular sieve in desulphurization catalyst A2, the results are shown in Table 1.

Desulphurization catalyst A2 carries out XRD determining result as shown in Figure 2, be the characteristic peak that 28.88 °, 33.47 °, 48.06 °, 57.04 ° and 59.83 ° of places exist the cubic system of lanthanum tin composite oxides at 2 θ in spectrogram, be that 26.60 °, 33.89 °, 37.91 ° and 51.80 ° of places do not exist the characteristic peaks of tin ash tetragonal crystal at 2 θ, and be the characteristic peaks (JCPDSNo.24-0554) that 25.3 °, 27.8 °, 28.9 °, 37.9 °, 44.6 °, 49.8 °, 53.5 °, 54 ° and 58.5 ° of places do not exist the hexagonal of lanthana at 2 θ.Illustrate that in desulphurization catalyst A2, tin ash and lanthana define the structure of lanthanum tin composite oxides.

Embodiment 3

(1) rare earth-tin oxide sol is prepared.By 1.90 kg of hydrogen tin oxide (Aldrich companies, analyze pure, 99 % by weight) and 0.651 kilogram of six nitric hydrate neodymium (Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Sinopharm Group, content is greater than 99.0 % by weight) join the dust technology (chemical pure of 2.7 kilogram 15 % by weight, Beijing Chemical Plant produce) in and stir acidifying 1 hour, obtain transparent colloidal solution, be called neodymium tin oxide sol.

(2) carrier is prepared.The expanded perlites of 1.66 kilograms (silicon oxide-containing 1.25 kilograms) are joined in the salpeter solution of 0.6 kilogram 2 % by weight and adds thermal agitation and filter after 3 hours, with 5.00 kilograms of Zinc oxide powder (Headhorse companies, purity 99.7 % by weight), 1.20 kilograms of X molecular sieve (Nanjing catalyst branch companies, containing butt 1.00 kilograms, sial atomic molar is than being 5:1) and 4.65 kilograms of deionized water mixing, stir the mixed serum obtaining zinc oxide, X molecular sieve and expanded perlite after 30 minutes.This mixed serum is added in the neodymium tin oxide sol that step (1) obtains, and rapid stirring obtained carrier mixture after 5 minutes.

(3) compound containing active metal and (4) reduction is introduced.The compound and reduction that contain active metal are introduced in the step (3) of reference embodiment 1 and (4), obtain desulphurization catalyst A3.Wherein the compound of active metal is six nitric hydrate neodymiums (analyzing pure, traditional Chinese medicines group), and consumption is 7.43 kilograms.

The composition of desulphurization catalyst A3 is calculated as by inventory: zinc oxide 50.0 % by weight, expanded perlite 12.5 % by weight, X molecular sieve 10.0 % by weight, tin ash 10.0 % by weight, neodymium oxide 2.5 % by weight, nickel 15.0 % by weight.

Desulphurization catalyst A3 carries out polycrystal X ray diffraction (XRD) and characterizes, and spectrogram is shown in Fig. 3.The characteristic peak being 23.4 ° with 2 θ calculates the crystallization reservation degree of X molecular sieve in desulphurization catalyst A3, the results are shown in Table 1.

Desulphurization catalyst A3 carries out XRD determining result as shown in Figure 3, be the characteristic peak that 29.25 °, 33.90 °, 48.71 °, 57.83 ° and 60.67 ° of places exist the cubic system of neodymium tin composite oxides at 2 θ in spectrogram, be that 26.60 °, 33.89 °, 37.91 ° and 51.80 ° of places do not exist the characteristic peaks of the tetragonal crystal of tin ash at 2 θ, and be the characteristic peaks (JCPDSNo.40-1282) that 26.6 °, 30.0 °, 31.1 °, 40.6 °, 47.6 °, 53.4 ° and 57.1 ° of places do not exist the hexagonal of neodymia at 2 θ.Illustrate that in desulphurization catalyst A3, tin ash and neodymia define the structure of neodymium tin composite oxides.

Comparative example 1

By 3.17 kilograms of stannic chloride pentahydrate (SnCl ₄5H ₂o, Alfa Aesar company, purity 99 % by weight) join in 4.2 kilograms of acid waters, and stir 1 hour, obtain water white tin oxide sol.Then in above-mentioned tin oxide sol, add the expanded perlite (containing butt 2.40 kilograms) of 2.45 kilograms and be uniformly mixed, obtaining mixture.

By 4.50 kilograms of Zinc oxide powder (Headhorse companies, purity 99.7 % by weight), 2.00 kilograms of USY molecular sieve (Shandong catalyst branch companies, containing butt 1.8 kilograms, sial atomic molar is than being 9.5:1) and 5.25 kilograms of deionized water mixing, stir the mixed serum obtaining zinc oxide and USY molecular sieve after 30 minutes.This mixed serum is added in the mixture of above-mentioned expanded perlite and tin oxide sol, and obtain carrier mixture after stirring 1 hour.

Method with reference to embodiment 1 carries out spray drying forming, the roasting of carrier mixture, introduces active component nickel and reduces, obtaining desulphurization catalyst B1.Wherein the compound of active metal is Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate, and consumption is 2.79 kilograms.

The composition of desulphurization catalyst B1 is calculated as by inventory: zinc oxide 45.0 % by weight, expanded perlite 10.0 % by weight, USY molecular sieve 18.0 % by weight, tin ash 15.0 % by weight, nickel 12.0 % by weight.

Do not use rare earth oxide in desulphurization catalyst B1, there is no rare earth to the impact of molecular sieve, also do not have rare earth-Xi composite oxides structure to be formed.

Comparative example 2

2.25 kilograms of boehmites (Shandong Aluminum Plant produce, containing butt 1.35 kilograms) to be joined in hydrochloric acid (chemical pure, the Beijing Chemical Plant produces) solution of 0.32 kilogram 18 % by weight and to stir 1 hour, obtaining alumina gel.

By 1.261 kilogram of six nitric hydrate cerium (Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Sinopharm Group, purity is greater than 99.0 % by weight) be dissolved in 0.5 kilogram of deionized water solution, with this cerous nitrate aqueous impregnation 2.00 kilograms of USY molecular sieve (Shandong catalyst branch company, containing butt 1.80 kilograms, sial atomic molar is than being 9.5:1), dipping post-drying, roasting is watered, and obtains cerium modified USY molecular sieve CeUSY.

By 4.00 kilograms of Zinc oxide powder (Headhorse companies, purity 99.7 % by weight), the expanded perlite of 1.33 kilograms, 2.75 kilograms of CeUSY(are containing butt 2.30 kilograms) and 6.80 kilograms of deionized water mixing, stir the mixed serum obtaining zinc oxide and CeUSY molecular sieve after 30 minutes.This mixed serum is added in above-mentioned tin oxide sol, and obtains carrier mixture after stirring 1 hour.

Method with reference to embodiment 1 carries out spray drying forming, the roasting of carrier mixture, introduces active component nickel and reduces, obtaining desulphurization catalyst B2.Wherein nickel is introduced by adding 2.79 kilograms of Nickelous nitrate hexahydrates.

The composition of desulphurization catalyst B2 is calculated as by inventory: zinc oxide 40.0 % by weight, aluminium oxide 15.0 % by weight, expanded perlite 10.0 % by weight, CeUSY molecular sieve 23.0 % by weight (cerium oxide 5.0 % by weight, USY molecular sieve 18.0 % by weight), nickel 12.0 % by weight.

Desulphurization catalyst B2 measures through Pyridine adsorption IR spectra, and spectrogram is shown in Fig. 4.At 1445cm in spectrogram ^-1place has occurred characterizing the characteristic peak of cerium in molecular sieve pore passage.

Desulphurization catalyst B2 carries out polycrystal X ray diffraction (XRD) and characterizes, and spectrogram is shown in Fig. 5.The characteristic peak being 23.7 ° with 2 θ calculates the crystallization reservation degree of USY molecular sieve in desulphurization catalyst B2, the results are shown in Table 1.

By above-mentioned Pyridine adsorption IR spectra and XRD spectra analysis, all illustrate that cerium has entered in the pore passage structure of USY molecular sieve.

Shown in Fig. 5, it is 8.01 °, 28.64 °, 30.92 ° at 2 θ in XRD spectra, there is the characteristic peak of gahnite in 37.1 °, 59.36 ° and 65.25 ° of places, illustrate that B2 uses aluminium oxide to be binding agent, can react with zinc oxide in roasting process, form the gahnite structure of desulphurizing activated difference, activated zinc oxide reduces

Comparative example 3

3.19 kilograms of tin acetates (Aldrich company, analyzes pure, 99 % by weight) to be joined when stirring in hydrochloric acid (chemical pure, the Beijing Chemical Plant produce) solution of 3.5 kilogram 5 % by weight and to stir 1 hour, obtaining tin oxide sol.

By 1.261 kilogram of six nitric hydrate cerium (Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Sinopharm Group, purity is greater than 99.0 % by weight) be dissolved in 0.5 kilogram of deionized water solution, with this cerous nitrate aqueous impregnation 2.00 kilograms of USY molecular sieve (Shandong catalyst branch company, containing butt 1.80 kilograms, sial atomic molar is than being 9.5:1), dipping post-drying, roasting, obtain cerium modified USY molecular sieve CeUSY.

By 4.00 kilograms of Zinc oxide powders (Headhorse company, purity 99.7 % by weight), the expanded perlite of 1.33 kilograms, 2.75 kilograms of CeUSY(are containing butt 2.30 kilograms) and 6.80 kilograms of deionized water mixing, stir and obtain mixed serum after 30 minutes.This mixed serum is added in above-mentioned tin oxide sol, and obtains carrier mixture after stirring 1 hour.

Method with reference to embodiment 1 carries out spray drying forming, the roasting of carrier mixture, introduces active component nickel and reduces, obtaining desulphurization catalyst B3.Wherein middle nickel is introduced by adding 2.79 kilograms of Nickelous nitrate hexahydrates.

The composition of desulphurization catalyst B3 is calculated as by inventory: zinc oxide 40.0 % by weight, zirconium dioxide 15.0 % by weight, expanded perlite 10.0 % by weight, CeUSY molecular sieve 23.0 % by weight (cerium oxide 5.0 % by weight, USY molecular sieve 18.0 % by weight), nickel 12.0 % by weight.

Desulphurization catalyst B3 measures through Pyridine adsorption IR spectra, and spectrogram is shown in Fig. 6.At 1445cm in spectrogram ^-1place has occurred characterizing the characteristic peak of cerium in molecular sieve pore passage.

Desulphurization catalyst B3 carries out polycrystal X ray diffraction (XRD) and characterizes, and spectrogram is shown in Fig. 7.The characteristic peak being 23.7 ° with 2 θ calculates the crystallization reservation degree of USY type molecular sieve in desulphurization catalyst B3, the results are shown in Table 1.

Shown in Fig. 7, the characteristic peak being 26.60 °, 33.89 °, 37.91 ° and 51.80 ° place's existence at 2 θ in spectrogram is the characteristic peak of the tetragonal crystal of pure tin ash, characteristic peak does not offset, although illustrate in B3 and employ tin ash, but cerium is in the duct of molecular sieve, tin ash is distributed in outside molecular sieve, does not have cerium to enter into the lattice structure of tin oxide, does not have tin ash and cerium to form cerium tin solid solution structure.

Performance test

(1) abrasion strength resistance evaluation.Adopt straight tube wearing and tearing method to evaluate to desulphurization catalyst A1-A3 and B1-B3, method is with reference to the method for RIPP29-90 in " Petrochemical Engineering Analysis method (RIPP) experimental technique ", and numerical value is less, shows that abrasion strength resistance is higher.In order to the activity of desulphurization catalyst in commercial Application process better can be represented, also abrasion strength resistance analysis is carried out to the desulphurization catalyst after vulcanizing treatment, concrete sulfurizing treatment method is: be positioned over by desulphurization catalyst in fluid bed, pass into the gaseous mixture of hydrogen sulfide (50 volume %) and nitrogen (50 volume %), and be heated to 400 DEG C of vulcanizing treatment 1 hour.The results are shown in Table 1.

(2) desulfurization performance evaluation.Adopt the micro-anti-experimental provision of fixed bed to evaluate, adsorption reaction raw material employing sulfur content is the catalytically cracked gasoline of 640 μ g/g.The desulphurization catalyst A1 of 16 grams being seated in internal diameter is that in 30mm, the long fixed bed reactors for 1m, adopt hydrogen atmosphere (hydrogen 30 volume %), reaction temperature is 410 DEG C, and the charging of adsorption reaction raw material is weight space velocity 4h ^-1, carry out the desulphurization reaction of hydrocarbon oil containing surphur.Weigh desulphurizing activated with sulfur content in product gasoline.In product gasoline, sulfur content is by off-line chromatogram analysis method, adopts the GC6890-SCD instrument of An Jielun company to measure.The results are shown in Table 2.Carry out the desulfurization performance evaluation that desulphurization catalyst adopts A2-A3 and B1-B3 equally, the results are shown in Table 2.

After carrying out 12 hours according to above-mentioned evaluation response, carry out regeneration process, regeneration process carries out under the air atmosphere of 550 DEG C.So repeatedly carry out reacting-regenerate 6 circulations.The desulfurization stability of desulphurization catalyst is evaluated with this.The activity of desulphurization catalyst in industrial actual motion can be symbolized more accurately.The sulfur content that every secondary response terminates in rear product gasoline the results are shown in Table 2.At the end of every secondary response, product gasoline to be weighed the yield of counting yield gasoline according to the following formula, the results are shown in Table 3.

Yield of gasoline/%=product gasoline quality/oil inlet quantity × 100%

(3) product composition and product gasoline quality is investigated.Table 4 is product slates (the coke content carbon sulphur instrument on catalyst is analyzed, and gas-phase product is calculated by minusing) that the 6th circulation carries out that desulfurization adsorption reaction obtains.Table 5 is analysis results (method is gas chromatography, calculates with PONA software) that the product gasoline composition that desulfurization adsorption reaction obtains is carried out in the 6th circulation.The product gasoline mixing circulated six times, adopt motor octane number (MON) and the research octane number (RON) (RON) of gasoline before and after " GB/T503-1995 " and " GB/T5487-1995 " assaying reaction respectively, (MON+RON)/2 are anti-knock index.The results are shown in Table 6.

(4) diesel fuel desulfurization performance evaluation

The micro-anti-experimental provision of fixed bed in (2) is adopted to carry out diesel fuel desulfurization performance evaluation to desulphurization catalyst A1-A3 and B1-B3.Raw material employing sulfur content is the catalytic cracking diesel oil of 3718 μ g/g.Carry out six circulations according to the method in (2) to evaluate, after six circulations terminate, adopt sulfur content in off-line chromatography product diesel, and calculate diesel fuel desulfurization rate, computing formula is following formula, the results are shown in Table 7.

Diesel fuel desulfurization rate/%=100-diesel product quality × diesel product sulfur content/(feed sulphur content × inlet amount) × 100%

Weigh to product diesel oil, the yield of counting yield diesel oil, the results are shown in Table 7 according to the following formula.Adopt " GB/T386-2010 diesel cetane method " in the Cetane number of CFR (F5) type diesel cetane-number aircraft measurements diesel oil, the results are shown in Table 7.

Diesel yield/%=product diesel quality/oil inlet quantity × 100%

Table 1

Numbering	Crystallization of molecular sieves reservation degree/%	Abrasion index (before sulfuration)	Abrasion index (after sulfuration)
				A1	99.9	3.8	3.7
A2	100	4.1	3.8
				A3	99.8	4.2	4.0
B1	-	5.8	5.9
				B2	15.7	7.0	6.5
B3	28.3	6.4	6.2

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Note:

1, the sulfur content of feed gasoline is 640 μ g/g, RON be 93.0, MON is 82.7.

2, △ MON represents the value added of product MON;

3, △ RON represents the value added of product RON;

4, △ (RON+MON)/2 is the difference of product anti-knock index and raw material anti-knock index.

Table 7

Note: 1, the sulfur content of raw material diesel oil is 3718 μ g/g, and Cetane number is 26.4.

Can be found out by table 1, in desulphurization catalyst provided by the invention, the pore passage structure that rare earth does not enter molecular sieve is inner, and molecular sieve structure does not destroy, and degree of crystallinity reservation degree is close to 100%.Can see from the XRD spectra shown in Fig. 1-3, rare earth combines with tin, forms rare earth-Xi solid solution or rare earth-Xi composite oxides structure.Displayed in Table 1 go out desulphurization catalyst A1-A3 can abrasion index lower, there is better abrasion resistance properties.Sulfur content in gasoline can be dropped to 10 below μ g/g by desulphurization catalyst A1-A3 displayed in Table 2, and still have better desulfurized effect after repeatedly recycling, illustrate that desulphurization catalyst provided by the invention has and better remove the desulphurizing activated of reaction raw materials sulfur in gasoline and desulfurization stability.Table 3-4 can find out, use desulphurization catalyst A1-A3 to have higher product gasoline yield, and it is lower to generate amount of coke.Table 5 shows desulphurization catalyst A1-A3 to carry out in the gasoline products composition of desulfurization acquisition, and the content of isomeric component is higher; Table 6 can be found out, the octane number of the product gasoline that desulphurization catalyst A1-A3 obtains is improved, and the product gasoline better quality obtained is described.As can be seen here, desulphurization catalyst provided by the invention has better structure, can have better desulphurizing activated and desulfurization stability, can improve abrasion resistance properties, and produce yield of gasoline higher, green coke amount is lower, product gasoline better quality simultaneously.

As can be seen from Table 7, desulphurization catalyst provided by the invention can also have better diesel fuel desulfurization effect, and in product diesel oil, sulfur content is lower, and desulfurization degree is higher, desulphurizing activated higher, and desulfurization stability is better; And the product diesel cetane-number obtained improves, and yield is higher.

Claims

1. a desulphurization catalyst, this desulphurization catalyst contains Si-Al molecular sieve, rare earth oxide, tin ash, silica source, zinc oxide and the active metal with twelve-ring pore passage structure, with the gross weight of described desulphurization catalyst for benchmark, the described content with the Si-Al molecular sieve of twelve-ring pore passage structure is 1-30 % by weight, and described rare earth oxide is with RE ₂o ₃the content of meter is 0.5-15 % by weight, and the content of described tin ash is 3-35 % by weight, and the content of described silica source is 5-30 % by weight, and the content of described zinc oxide is 10-80 % by weight, and the content of described active metal is 5-30 % by weight; The wherein said Si-Al molecular sieve with twelve-ring pore passage structure is at least one in X-type molecular sieve, Y zeolite and beta-molecular sieve, described in there is the Si-Al molecular sieve of twelve-ring pore passage structure pore passage structure in ree content be 0 μ g/g; The characteristic peak of the tetragonal crystal system of rare earth-Xi solid solution or the cubic system of rare earth-Xi composite oxides is there is in the XRD spectra of described desulphurization catalyst.

2. desulphurization catalyst according to claim 1, wherein, with the gross weight of described desulphurization catalyst for benchmark, described in there is the Si-Al molecular sieve of twelve-ring pore passage structure content be 2-25 % by weight, described rare earth oxide is with RE ₂o ₃the content of meter is 0.5-10 % by weight, and the content of described tin ash is 5-25 % by weight, and the content of described silica source is 10-20 % by weight, and the content of described zinc oxide is 25-70 % by weight, and the content of described active metal is 8-25 % by weight.

3. desulphurization catalyst according to claim 1, wherein, the sial atomic molar of described X-type molecular sieve is than being 1-3:1; The sial atomic molar of described Y zeolite is than being 3-25:1; The sial atomic molar of described beta-molecular sieve is than being 10-40:1.

4. desulphurization catalyst according to claim 1, wherein, the rare earth element in described rare earth oxide is selected from least one in La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu.

5. desulphurization catalyst according to claim 4, wherein, the rare earth element in described rare earth oxide is at least one in La, Ce, Pr and Nd.

6. according to the desulphurization catalyst in claim 1-5 described in any one, wherein, described rare earth element is cerium, there is the characteristic peak of the tetragonal crystal system of cerium tin solid solution in the XRD spectra of described desulphurization catalyst, there is not the characteristic peak that 2 θ are the cubic crystal of the cerium oxide at 28.52 ° and 33.06 ° places.

7. according to the desulphurization catalyst in claim 1-5 described in any one, wherein, described rare earth element is lanthanum, there is the characteristic peak that 2 θ are the cubic system of the lanthanum tin composite oxides of 28.88 °, 33.47 °, 48.06 °, 57.04 ° and 59.83 ° in the XRD spectra of described desulphurization catalyst; There are not 2 θ is 26.60 °, 33.89 °,, there is not the characteristic peak that 2 θ are the cubic crystal of the lanthanas at 25.3 °, 27.8 °, 28.9 °, 37.9 °, 44.6 °, 49.8 °, 53.5 °, 54 ° and 58.5 ° places in the characteristic peak of the tetragonal crystal of the tin ash of 37.91 ° and 51.80 °.

8. according to the desulphurization catalyst in claim 1-5 described in any one, wherein, described rare earth element is neodymium, there is the characteristic peak that 2 θ are the cubic system of the neodymium tin composite oxides of 29.25 °, 33.90 °, 48.71 °, 57.83 ° and 60.67 ° in the XRD spectra of described desulphurization catalyst; There are not 2 θ is 26.60 °, 33.89 °,, there is not the characteristic peak that 2 θ are the cubic crystal of the neodymia at 26.6 °, 30.0 °, 31.1 °, 40.6 °, 47.6 °, 53.4 ° and 57.1 ° places in the characteristic peak of the tetragonal crystal of the tin ash of 37.91 ° and 51.80 °.

9. a preparation method for desulphurization catalyst, the method comprises:

(1) mixing of the precursor of the precursor of tin ash and rare earth oxide is contacted obtain rare earth-tin oxide sol;

(2) after the slurries that zinc oxide, silica source, the Si-Al molecular sieve with twelve-ring pore passage structure and water are mixed to form being mixed with described rare earth-tin oxide sol, contact with acidic liquid and obtain carrier mixture, then obtain carrier through shaping, dry and roasting;

(3) in described carrier, introduce the compound containing active metal, dry, roasting obtains desulfuration adsorbent precursor;

(4) described desulfuration adsorbent precursor is reduced in a hydrogen atmosphere, obtain desulphurization catalyst.

10. method according to claim 9, wherein, the addition of the precursor of described tin ash makes in the desulphurization catalyst obtained, and with the gross weight of desulphurization catalyst for benchmark, the content of tin ash is 3-35 % by weight.

11. methods according to claim 10, wherein, the precursor of described tin ash is selected from least one in butter of tin, four isopropyl alcohol tin, tin acetate and aqua oxidation tin.

12. methods according to claim 9, wherein, the addition of the precursor of described rare earth oxide makes in the desulphurization catalyst obtained, and with the gross weight of desulphurization catalyst for benchmark, described rare earth oxide is with RE ₂o ₃the content of meter is 0.5-15 % by weight.

13. methods according to claim 12, wherein, the precursor of described rare earth oxide is selected from least one in the acetate of the rare earth metal in described rare earth oxide, carbonate, nitrate, sulfate, oxalates, chloride and oxide.

14. methods according to claim 9, wherein, described zinc oxide, described silica source, described in there is the amount that the Si-Al molecular sieve of twelve-ring pore passage structure and the described compound containing active metal add, make in the desulphurization catalyst obtained, with the gross weight of desulphurization catalyst for benchmark, the described content with the Si-Al molecular sieve of twelve-ring pore passage structure is 1-30 % by weight, the content of described silica source is 5-30 % by weight, the content of described zinc oxide is 10-80 % by weight, and the content of described active metal is 5-30 % by weight.

15. 1 kinds require desulphurization catalyst prepared by the method in 9-14 described in any one by power.

The method of 16. 1 kinds of desulfurization of hydrocarbon oil, the method comprises: hydrocarbon oil containing surphur and hydrodesulfurization catalyst are reacted, it is characterized in that, described desulphurization catalyst is the desulphurization catalyst in claim 1-8 and 15 described in any one.