CN104239644A - Researching method for hydraulic forming technical parameters of titanium T-shaped pipe - Google Patents
Researching method for hydraulic forming technical parameters of titanium T-shaped pipe Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a researching method for hydraulic forming technical parameters of a titanium T-shaped pipe. The combination of a simulation model and a theory test is utilized to research the hydraulic forming of the T-shaped pipe; a 1/4 simulation model is adopted as the model; the researching time is shortened; the production efficiency is increased; a qualified T-shaped pipe is prepared in a hydraulic forming test by utilizing the technical parameters acquired from the research by researching the relation between inner-pressure loading and time (inner-pressure loading path) and the relation between punch feeding and time (punch loading path); the supplementary material of the forming area is effectively realized, so that the smaller wall-thickness thinning ratio and the relative uniform wall-thickness distribution are acquired; the forming limit of the T-shaped pipe is increased; the traditional research for the technical parameters by utilizing experiences and continuous tests is avoided; the cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to T-shaped tube hydroformation field, particularly relate to a kind of research method for the T-shaped tube hydroformation technological parameter of titanium.
Background technology
The T-shaped pipe of titanium is at room temperature shaped by threeway hydraulic extrusion press mating mold and obtains, and pipe 6 as shown in Figure 1, is put into lower cavity die 5 by its hydroforming process, and then upper cavity die 1 falls, with certain mold clamping force matched moulds.After matched moulds, the left and right horizontal plunger synchro-feed of hydropress, makes the left drift 2 of its front end and right drift 3 contact after the end face of pipe 6 to pipe 6 internal filled liquid, seals pipe end after being full of liquid with left drift 2 and right drift 3; Then, the liquid rested in pipe 6 makes pipe 6 be shaped by charger boost, and left drift 2 and right drift 3 advanced in unison apply axial supplement simultaneously.In the process of hydroforming, in the middle of having one, drift 4 pairs of pipe 6 tops apply certain reaction thrust, can prevent T-shaped pipe fitting arm top from excessively breaking because of thinning like this.
T-shaped tube hydroformation is the complicated forming process under interior pressure and axial supplement synergy, and the relation of interior pressure and axial supplement is called load path, only provides rational load path, could obtain qualified part.In actual forming process, if load path design is unreasonable, when rate of pressure rise is comparatively slow, axial feed velocity is very fast, and axial deformation has little time to be converted into circumferential deformation, and material will be formed folding in axial gathering, makes pipe produce flexing or wrinkling; When rate of pressure rise is very fast, and axial feed velocity is comparatively slow, and namely axial feeding is not enough to compensate circumferential deformation amount, occur thinning excessively so that break.Load path also affects the thickness distribution of T-shaped pipe and final forming dimension simultaneously.Different loading paths is also different on the impact of drip molding Thickness Distribution, so load path is the key parameter in T-shaped tube hydroformation.At present, the T-shaped pipe forming process of the titanium of reality mainly or rely on master worker's manufacturing experience for many years and constantly test grope the key process parameter determining T-shaped tube hydroformation, not only need higher cost, also greatly lose time, lack the process program of ripe, perfect and enough theory support, the research both at home and abroad for titanium T-shaped tube hydroformation technique is also little.
Summary of the invention
The applicant, for above-mentioned existing issue, is studied improvement, provides a kind of research method for the T-shaped tube hydroformation technological parameter of titanium, not only cuts down finished cost, also a saving the time simultaneously.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
For a research method for the T-shaped tube hydroformation technological parameter of titanium, comprise the following steps:
The first step: to the mould involved by hydroforming, drift, pipe carries out three-dimensional modeling derives the IGES formatted file obtained about mould, drift and pipe;
Second step: the IGES formatted file about mould, drift and pipe in the first step is imported respectively in the dedicated emulated software dynafrom of sheet forming, and utilize the dedicated emulated software dynafrom that is shaped to carry out pre-treatment, draw multiple pre-processing file, each pre-processing file is all corresponding with a kind of combination of process parameters scheme;
3rd step: utilize described dynafrom software (ls-dyna solver) to solve each pre-processing file drawn in above-mentioned second step, draw multiple post-processed file;
4th step: utilize described dynafrom software observes and analyze each post-processed file of the 3rd step gained, and choosing the best alternatives according to result;
5th step: carry out hydroforming test according to the 4th step gained optimal case, thus determine the technological parameter of T-shaped tube hydroformation.
Its further technical scheme is: described pre-treatment comprises the following steps:
The first step: stress and strain model is carried out to mould, drift and pipe and sets up formation finite element model;
Second step: definition material model is carried out to pipe;
3rd step: setting is formed to mould, drift and pipe;
Described stress and strain model comprises mould, drift employing tool mesh division and adopts part mesh to divide to pipe;
Described definition material model comprises the following steps:
The first step: determine material model;
Second step: tension test and determine the Hardening Law of material deformation;
Mould, drift and pipe are formed to the setting arranging and comprise the setting of pipe thickness, the setting of instrument and operation.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention utilizes realistic model to combine with theoretical test and studies the hydroforming of T-shaped pipe, model adopts 1/4th realistic models, shorten search time, improve production efficiency, the relation (interior pressure load path) with the time is loaded by studying interior pressure, the relation (drift load path) of drift feeding and time, the technological parameter utilizing the present invention to study to draw can prepare qualified T-shaped pipe in hydroforming test, effectively realize the feed supplement in shaping district, thus obtain less wall thickness reduction and relatively uniform Thickness Distribution, improve the forming limit of T-shaped pipe, avoid utilizing experience in the past and constantly testing groping technological parameter, save cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of existing titanium T-shaped tube hydroformation.
Fig. 2 is the finite element model of titanium T-shaped tube hydroformation.
Fig. 3 is the curve distribution schematic diagram of pressure load path in each bar in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the curve distribution schematic diagram of each bar drift load path in the present invention.
Fig. 5 a be in the present invention scheme three and charge shaft in scheme four to thickness distribution figure.
Fig. 5 b is the thickness distribution figure being responsible for middle part in the present invention in scheme three and scheme four.
Fig. 6 is the comparison diagram between the wall thickness measured value of hydroforming test gained T-shaped pipe in the present invention and scheme three analogue value.
Wherein: 1, upper cavity die; 2, left drift; 3, right drift; 4, middle drift; 5, lower cavity die; 6, pipe.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described.
Embodiment 1:
The first step: three-dimensional modeling (three-dimensional modeling adopt UG modeling) is carried out to mould, drift and the pipe 6 involved by titanium T-shaped tube hydroformation, wherein die face to be passed through mutually with arm by the supervisor of Φ 219mm and forms, and superplastic is 55mm; Drift is the plane punch of circular shaft form, be divided into left drift, right drift and middle drift, be of a size of Φ 219mm × 200mm, the length 580mm of pipe 6, wall thickness 5mm, external diameter 219mm, draws the IGES formatted file about mould, drift (comprising left drift, right drift and middle drift) and pipe by three-dimensional modeling, this IGES formatted file totally 5.
Second step: above-mentioned 5 IGES formatted files about mould, drift (comprising left drift, right drift and middle drift) and pipe are imported in the dedicated emulated software dynafrom of sheet forming respectively, and utilize the dedicated emulated software dynafrom of sheet forming to carry out pre-treatment, draw multiple pre-processing file, each pre-processing file is all corresponding with a kind of combination of process parameters scheme, and pretreatment process comprises:
As shown in Figure 2, stress and strain model is carried out to mould, drift and pipe, sets up formation finite element model, above-mentioned stress and strain model comprises and adopts and fully demonstrate geometric properties tool mesh to mould curved surface, drift (comprising left drift 2, right drift 3 and middle drift 4) and divide, and adopt the special part mesh of material to divide to pipe, after stress and strain model as shown in Figure 2.
Definition material model is carried out to pipe, first-selected needs selects corresponding pipe (this pipe is exactly the pipe that the above-mentioned part mesh utilizing material special divides), then material model is determined, 3 parameter Barlat89 models are adopted in the present embodiment, material selection industrial pure titanium TA2, then by cupping machine, tension test is carried out to above-mentioned material (industrial pure titanium TA2), draw the every mechanical performance data about material (industrial pure titanium TA2), be specially yield strength Rp02=364Mpa, tensile strength is Rm=539MPa, elongation after fracture A=28%, the coefficient of normal anisortopy R=1.75, strength factor K=630Mpa, hardenability value n=0.132.Then in the 3 parameter Barlat89 models of sheet forming dedicated emulated software dynafrom, input above-mentioned mechanical performance data and carry out definition material model, finally adopt power exponent hardening model to determine the Hardening Law of material deformation, stress-strain relation is as formula (1):
σ＝kε
n……(1)
Wherein k represents strength factor, ε represents strain during material deformation, and n represents the hardenability value of material, and σ represents the stress of material deformation, by by strength factor K=630Mpa, hardenability value n=0.132 is updated to after in above-mentioned formula can obtain formula (2)
σ＝630ε
0.132……(2)
The cirrhosis curve (relation namely between the stress of material deformation and the strain of material deformation) of changes in material can be drawn by above-mentioned formula (2), also just can determine the Hardening Law of material deformation.
Form setting to mould, drift and pipe, comprise the setting of pipe thickness, instrument and operation, in the present embodiment, pipe thickness (this thickness is exactly the wall thickness of pipe) is chosen as 5mm.The setting of instrument comprises the setting to drift and mould, arranging of drift needs to arrange corresponding operative orientation and friction factor, in the present embodiment, the friction factor of left drift, right drift and middle drift is 0.05, the operative orientation of left drift is set to-X-direction, right drift operative orientation is set to+X-direction, and the operative orientation of middle drift is set to-Z-direction.The operative orientation of mould does not need to arrange, and the friction factor of mould is set to 0.05.
Finally operation is arranged, wherein the setting of operation comprises instrument control, hydraulic pressure setting and duration, instrument controls: middle drift selects speed as control mode, be respectively 40mm/s, 45mm/s, 50mm/s, left and right drift selects speed as control mode, and speed is respectively 35mm/s, 40mm/s, 45mm/s.
Hydraulic pressure sets: initial internal pressure is the important parameter in fittings hydraulic formation technique, the division that directly impact shaping is interval, and above-mentioned initial internal pressure can be drawn by following formulae discovery:
Wherein P represents initial internal pressure (pressure (mpa) of the unit that is namely shaped), and t is material thickness (mm), t=5mm in the present embodiment.D
maxfor shaping maximum gauge (mm), D in the present embodiment
max=219mm.σ
bfor the tensile strength (MPa) of blank tube material, σ in the present embodiment
b=539Mpa.Grope to verify with a large amount of actual tests according to the forming test of the T-shaped pipe fitting of different size bore titanium, above-mentioned coefficient 1.15 is trimmed to 1.02 ~ 1.6 most suitable, draws formula (4) and formula (5) after then above-mentioned each parameter and minimum coefficient and greatest coefficient being brought into formula (3):
Minimum initial internal pressure P is drawn by formula (4) and formula (5)
minwith maximum initial internal pressure P
maxforce value, thus the pressure limit (namely forming pressure scope) determining initial internal pressure is 25 ~ 39Mpa, after determining the pressure limit of initial internal pressure, need to set up interior pressure load path, the method for building up of interior pressure load path is as follows: (design of interior pressure load path 1) first selects an initial internal pressure value from the range of pressure values of above-mentioned initial internal pressure, (25Mpa is selected in the present embodiment, 0s) as a coordinate points, this coordinate points represents that initial internal pressure value is 25Mpa, interior pressure initial time is 0s, then an internal pressure is increased every 0.3s, form coordinate points (30Mpa, 0.3s), (35Mpa, 0.6s), (40Mpa, 0.9s) ... (110Mpa, 3s), each coordinate points connects the load path 1 namely formed as shown in Figure 3, this load path 1 represents the curve of internal pressure size with interior pressure time variations.After interior pressure load path 1 establishes, interior pressure load path 2,3,4,5,6 is set up successively according to above-mentioned method for designing, its method for building up is all identical with interior pressure load path 1, form the curve distribution figure pressing load path in 6 kinds as shown in Figure 3 thus, wherein, pressure load path 2,3,4 is single linear load path, all the other are bilinearity load path (single linear load path: the load path only having a kind of slope, bilinearity: the load path having two kinds of slopes).
After design draws in above-mentioned 6 kinds and presses load path, need to set up drift load path, the method for building up of drift load path is as follows: (drift load path 1) first sets up coordinate points (0 at initial displacement and initial time, 0), the drift load time is increased a displacement every 0.2s, draw (7mm, 0.2s), (14,0.4s), (21,0.6s) ... (84,2.4s), each coordinate points connects the load path 35mm/s namely formed as shown in Figure 4, finally sets up drift load path 40mm/s according to the method described above successively, 45mm/s, 50mm/s, 55mm/s, its method for building up is identical with the method for building up of 35mm/s drift load path, as shown in Figure 4, thus forms drift displacement and the curve distribution figure of drift load time, as can be seen from Figure 4 this drift load path has 5 kinds, because drift comprises left drift, right drift and middle drift, therefore left drift, right drift respectively comprises 3 kinds of load paths, is respectively 35mm/s, 40mm/s, 45mm/s, and middle drift has 4 kinds of load paths, is respectively 40mm/s, 45mm/s, 50mm/s, 55mm/s.For the pipe of heavy caliber, thin-walled, arm place rate of deformation is comparatively large, if middle ram retracts not in time, can hinder the flowing of material, so the speed of left drift and right drift is all less than the speed of middle drift.
Duration: first controlled the duration be shaped by displacement, when displacement reaches setting value, namely stop being shaped.Because above-mentioned pipe length dimension is 580mm, supervisor's length after shaping is 376mm, therefore before being shaped pipe length dimension and after being shaped, to be responsible for difference between length be 204mm, this difference is the total displacement of drift (comprising left drift and right drift), therefore left drift or right drift are respectively 102mm in one-sided displacement, setting displacement is after 102mm, with right drift for benchmark (keeping strokes of left and right drift), when right drift moves to 102mm, namely the shaping of pipe stops, therefore the time that above-mentioned right drift moves between 102mm from initial position is the duration.
In sum, in 6 kinds, the design of load path, about 3 kinds drift load paths and 4 kinds of middle drift load paths is pressed to draw kinds of processes parameter combinations scheme, as shown in the table.
A kind of combination of process parameters scheme is to a pre-processing file, and each pre-processing file comprises: the setting of the setting of pipe, the setting of instrument and operation, wherein the setting of pipe comprises material model definition and material thickness setting.
3rd step: submit each pre-processing file of second step gained to and utilize the LS-DYNA solver in dynafrom software to solve one by one, draw multiple post-processed file (this post-processed file is forming results file), the method for solving of above-mentioned LS-DYNA solver is power display algorithm (power display algorithm is existing known technology).
4th step: open the post-processor in dynafrom, 3rd step gained post-processed file (form of post-processed file is .d3plot) in finding corresponding document to press from both sides, post-processor is utilized to read above-mentioned post-processed file, Thickness Distribution figure can be obtained after opening, maximum reduction is obtained by Thickness Distribution figure, maximumly thicken rate, effective arm height (obtains maximum reduction, maximumly thicken rate, the process of effective arm height is existing known technology, do not elaborate), thus the tables of data of T-shaped pipe arm height and Thickness Distribution under drawing different parameters assembled scheme, as follows:
The tables of data of T-shaped pipe arm height and Thickness Distribution under composition graphs 3 and above-mentioned different parameters assembled scheme, and for analysis according to analyzing, select optimal case, concrete analysis process and analyze according to as follows:
Analyze foundation: the key process parameter of T-shaped pipe comprises interior pressure size, left and right drift speed of feed and middle ram retracts speed, and the matching relationship of above-mentioned three parameters is very large on the impact of the forming property of pipe fitting.Interior pressure acts on the inside surface of titanium pipe, makes arm position protruding.If inside press through little, then pipe cannot be made to be close to die, thus to occur defects (for large-caliber thin-walled titanium pipe, this defect more easily occurs) such as bending inwards.In the initial stage be shaped and mid-term, left and right drift speed of feed is excessive, and interior pressure is relatively too low, namely axle pressure is excessive and radial pressure is too small, the titanium material of axial feed in time to the flowing of arm place, easily cannot be piled up at arm fillet place and blank end, forms fold; Left and right drift speed of feed is too small, and interior pressure is relatively too high, increases the friction of pipe and die while interior pressure is high, makes titanium pipe flow difficulties, thus makes titanium T-shaped pipe arm top by larger two-way action of pulling stress, causes thinning amplitude large, even breaks; The effect of middle drift is just to form thrust to arm top, reduce even offset tension to it be used for prevent a tracheal rupture, the speed of middle ram retracts is comparatively large, then cannot play its function; Astern speed is less, makes the thrust on arm top excessive, hinders the shaping of arm, hinders the flowing of titanium material simultaneously, forms fold in arm round-corner transition position and supervisor end.
Analytic process: first scheme one and scheme two contrast, scheme one is basically identical with effective arm height of scheme two, as can be seen from Figure 3, the initial internal pressure of scheme one is 25Mpa, bilinearity loads, the tension that its arm place is subject to does not have the initial internal pressure 30Mpa of scheme two large, so the maximum reduction of scheme one is less than scheme two, and the average interior pressure as can be drawn from Figure 3 in scheme one is less than scheme two, therefore in scheme one, the mobility of titanium material is more excellent than scheme two, therefore the maximum of scheme one thickens rate also low scheme two, therefore scheme one is compared with scheme two, scheme one is more excellent, robin scheme two.
Then scheme one and scheme three are contrasted, can show in above-mentioned table that scheme one is almost consistent with effective arm height of scheme three, because the astern speed of drift middle in scheme three is comparatively large, therefore its power applied top directly perceived is less, and inhibition is little, thus cause the flowing property of its material better, therefore the maximum rate that thickens is less than scheme one, and maximum reduction is less than scheme one, so scheme one is compared with scheme three simultaneously, scheme three is more excellent, robin scheme two.
Then scheme four, scheme five, scheme six and scheme seven is carried out Integrated comparative, as can be seen from tables of data, effective arm height of scheme six is maximum, but maximum reduction and maximum to thicken rate higher, because scheme six adopts interior pressure load path 4, presses through in average and makes greatly the friction between blank and mould increase, the mobility of material is deteriorated, thus cause arm place cannot obtain feed supplement in time, and appropriate department cannot feeding smoothly, finally thinning and thicken serious.And the maximum rate that thickens is 75.54% in scheme five, its middle drift rear smaller relative to the speed of feed 40mm/s of left and right drift to speed 45mm/s, therefore comparatively large to the thrust at arm top, affect material and flow, under the synergy of huge interior pressure, cause being responsible for the long-pending seriously thick of end.Pressure load path 3 in adopting in scheme seven, in average, pressure is all less than scheme five and scheme six, so the reduction at its arm place is less, but it is still higher to thicken rate, in sum, in scheme four, scheme five, scheme six and scheme seven, because arm height effective in scheme four is 70.34mm, maximumly thicken rate and maximum reduction is all less, so scheme four is the most reasonable, scheme five, scheme six and scheme seven is eliminated.
In scheme eight, scheme nine and scheme ten, because the speed of feed of left and right drift is 45mm/s, middle ram retracts speed is 55mm/s, so need the load path selecting average interior pressure large, otherwise can due to interior press through little, cause supervisor inside surface occur bending.And initial internal pressure is 35mpa in scheme ten, bilinearity loads, and therefore its effective arm height is maximum, simultaneously its maximum reduction and maximum to thicken rate also larger.Can find out that from tables of data scheme nine is close with the forming results of scheme ten, and maximum reduction is told somebody what one's real intentions are in scheme eight, but maximum to thicken rate comparatively large, so scheme eight, scheme nine, scheme ten are all inadvisable compared with scheme three, scheme four, scheme eight, scheme nine and scheme ten is eliminated.
The preferably scheme that obtains by analysis is three and scheme four, as shown in Figure 5 a, scheme three due to the astern speed of middle drift excessive, so arm place is thinning comparatively serious, but supervisor's fillet thickens not quite to position, end, and thickness distribution is more even.As shown in Figure 5 b, scheme three thinning and thicken all little compared with scheme four, consider, scheme three is for being optimal case.
5th step: (hydroforming test is existing known technology to carry out hydroforming test according to the parameters in such scheme three to titanium T-shaped tubing, be not described in detail), the detailed process of forming test is as follows: the HJ041-2000/1600 × 2 model threeway hydraulic extrusion press that the forming test of the T-shaped pipe of titanium adopts Huzhou Manchine Tools Plant to produce, its maximum internal pressure 250MPa, meets testing requirements completely.The titanium pipe external diameter Φ 219mm that this test uses, wall thickness 5mm, length 580mm.Graphite in the side of pipe deflection arm the effect playing lubrication during test.Titanium pipe is put into mold cavity matched moulds, then by the processing parameter setting process value of scheme three in finite element analogy: left and right drift speed of feed 35mm/s, amount of feeding 76mm; Middle ram retracts speed 55mm/s, retrogressing amount 105mm.Effective arm height 66.37mm that the T-shaped pipe of titanium that test draws records through mechanical process is 2.8% with analogue value 68.41mm phase ratio error.Respectively along product longitudinal center line and longitudinal centre line incision, measure the wall thickness value of respective point, as shown in Figure 6 (being the analogue value of scheme three in bracket).The minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) in arm portion is 4.21mm, analog result wall thickness 4.434mm, and error is 5.1%.Because supervisor end is cut off, so it is 5.57mm that thickest produces in supervisor middle part, and the analogue value is 5.780mm, than the result also few 3.6% of simulation.
More than describing is explanation of the invention, and be not the restriction to invention, limited range of the present invention is see claim, and when without prejudice to basic structure of the present invention, the present invention can do any type of amendment.
Claims (5)
1., for a research method for the T-shaped tube hydroformation technological parameter of titanium, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
The first step: to the mould involved by hydroforming, drift, pipe carries out three-dimensional modeling derives the IGES formatted file obtained about mould, drift and pipe;
Second step: the IGES formatted file about mould, drift and pipe in the first step is imported respectively in the dedicated emulated software dynafrom of sheet forming, and utilize the dedicated emulated software dynafrom that is shaped to carry out pre-treatment, draw multiple pre-processing file, each pre-processing file is all corresponding with a kind of combination of process parameters scheme;
3rd step: utilize described dynafrom software (ls-dyna solver) to solve each pre-processing file drawn in above-mentioned second step, draw multiple post-processed file;
4th step: utilize described dynafrom software observes and analyze each post-processed file of the 3rd step gained, and choosing the best alternatives according to result;
5th step: carry out hydroforming test according to the 4th step gained optimal case, thus determine the technological parameter of T-shaped tube hydroformation.
2. a kind of research method for the T-shaped tube hydroformation technological parameter of titanium as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described pre-treatment comprises the following steps:
The first step: stress and strain model is carried out to mould, drift and pipe and sets up formation finite element model;
Second step: definition material model is carried out to pipe;
3rd step: setting is formed to mould, drift and pipe.
3. a kind of research method for the T-shaped tube hydroformation technological parameter of titanium as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described stress and strain model comprises and adopts tool mesh to divide to mould, drift and adopt part mesh to divide to pipe.
4. a kind of research method for the T-shaped tube hydroformation technological parameter of titanium as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described definition material model comprises the following steps:
The first step: determine material model;
Second step: tension test and determine the Hardening Law of material deformation.
5. a kind of research method for the T-shaped tube hydroformation technological parameter of titanium as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: mould, drift and pipe are formed to the setting arranging and comprise the setting of pipe thickness, the setting of instrument and operation.
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| CN110153267A (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-08-23 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | A forming method of special process parts based on liquid filling forming in tube |
| CN110394392A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-11-01 | 北京机科国创轻量化科学研究院有限公司 | It is a kind of based on heat-stream multi- scenarios method Forming Limit of Sheet Metals research method |
| WO2020113617A1 (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2020-06-11 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司北京民用飞机技术研究中心 | Method for determining design allowable for compression of composite material t-bar |
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| CN106623580A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-05-10 | 哈尔滨宇航精创科技有限公司 | Method for manufacturing bathroom water faucet branch pipe by compounding hot extrusion with superplastic bulging |
| CN106623580B (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2018-06-01 | 哈尔滨宇航精创科技有限公司 | A kind of hot extrusion and the method for expansive forming composite manufacturing bathroom faucet branch pipe |
| WO2020113617A1 (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2020-06-11 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司北京民用飞机技术研究中心 | Method for determining design allowable for compression of composite material t-bar |
| CN110394392A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-11-01 | 北京机科国创轻量化科学研究院有限公司 | It is a kind of based on heat-stream multi- scenarios method Forming Limit of Sheet Metals research method |
| CN110153267A (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-08-23 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | A forming method of special process parts based on liquid filling forming in tube |
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