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CN104203290A - 消毒涂药器和包装技术 - Google Patents

消毒涂药器和包装技术 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104203290A
CN104203290A CN201380007893.6A CN201380007893A CN104203290A CN 104203290 A CN104203290 A CN 104203290A CN 201380007893 A CN201380007893 A CN 201380007893A CN 104203290 A CN104203290 A CN 104203290A
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medical
applicator
antibacterial
disinfectant
permeable
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帕特里克·O·滕尼肯
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Hyprotek Inc
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Hyprotek Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/02Adhesive bandages or dressings
    • A61F13/0246Adhesive bandages or dressings characterised by the skin-adhering layer
    • A61F13/0253Adhesive bandages or dressings characterised by the skin-adhering layer characterized by the adhesive material
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61M35/003Portable hand-held applicators having means for dispensing or spreading integral media
    • A61M35/006Portable hand-held applicators having means for dispensing or spreading integral media using sponges, foams, absorbent pads or swabs as spreading means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
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    • A61M39/162Tube connectors; Tube couplings having provision for disinfection or sterilisation with antiseptic agent incorporated within the connector
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05CAPPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C1/00Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65BMACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B5/00Packaging individual articles in containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, jars
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B65D33/00Details of, or accessories for, sacks or bags
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B65D33/00Details of, or accessories for, sacks or bags
    • B65D33/16End- or aperture-closing arrangements or devices
    • B65D33/28Strings or strip-like closures, i.e. draw closures
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D75/00Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
    • B65D75/40Packages formed by enclosing successive articles, or increments of material, in webs, e.g. folded or tubular webs, or by subdividing tubes filled with liquid, semi-liquid, or plastic materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/24Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants
    • B65D81/26Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants with provision for draining away, or absorbing, or removing by ventilation, fluids, e.g. exuded by contents; Applications of corrosion inhibitors or desiccators
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B50/00Containers, covers, furniture or holders specially adapted for surgical or diagnostic appliances or instruments, e.g. sterile covers
    • A61B50/30Containers specially adapted for packaging, protecting, dispensing, collecting or disposing of surgical or diagnostic appliances or instruments
    • A61B2050/314Flexible bags or pouches
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/00051Accessories for dressings
    • A61F13/00063Accessories for dressings comprising medicaments or additives, e.g. odor control, PH control, debriding, antimicrobic
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F15/00Auxiliary appliances for wound dressings; Dispensing containers for dressings or bandages
    • A61F15/005Bandage applicators
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/14Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
    • A61M5/158Needles for infusions; Accessories therefor, e.g. for inserting infusion needles, or for holding them on the body
    • A61M2005/1586Holding accessories for holding infusion needles on the body

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Abstract

本公开内容描述了示例消毒涂药器,其可以与一种或多种清洁剂、抗菌剂和/或消毒剂组合使用,以减少或消除表面上的污染物。根据一些实施方案,本公开内容描述了所述涂药器可以包含不可渗透层和可渗透层,其中所述不可渗透层防止污染物从使用者的手转移至所述可渗透层和表面。

Description

消毒涂药器和包装技术
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2013年2月1日提交的标题为“消毒涂药器和包装技术”的美国专利申请第13/757,318号的优先权,该申请要求2012年2月6日提交的标题为“消毒涂药器和保护装置”的美国临时专利申请第61/595,635号的优先权,这两者都在此通过引用而全部并入。
背景技术
医疗保健获得感染(HAI)已被公认为可预防性死亡率和发病率的一个重要原因。在美国,HAI每年失去近99,000条生命并且耗费几十亿美元在额外的治疗和住院治疗中。Klevens等人,2002年美国医院中医疗保健相关感染和死亡评估(Estimating Health Care-AssociatedInfection and Deaths in U.S.Hospitals,2002),公共健康报告(PublicHealth Report),2007年第122卷第160页。血管内导管、外科手术部位及侵入性程序部位的污染,往往会导致设备的拆卸和更换、长时间的肠外抗菌治疗以及延长的住院治疗和康复。
多重耐抗菌剂微生物的传播常常是由医疗保健提供者的手或医疗设备传播,从一个被宿主或受感染的患者传播至其他易感性患者。外科手术部位感染可能因皮肤的消毒准备措施不足导致。针对外科手术前部位的例行清洁和擦拭而广泛使用的葡萄糖酸氯己定(CHG),已经导致在某些医院环境中耐甲氧西林(MRSA)和CHG两者的金黄色葡萄球菌的发病率增加。
附图说明
参照附图给出了详细的描述。在附图中,附图标记的最左边数字标识该附图标记首次出现在其中的附图。在不同的附图中采用相同的附图标记表示相似或相同的项目或特征。
图1示出一种示例消毒涂药器,其可包括不可渗透层和设置有清洁剂、抗菌剂或消毒剂的渗透层。
图2示出一种示例环境,此时使用者可能抓握所述示例消毒涂药器的不可渗透层。
图3A-图3C示出用于所述示例消毒涂药器的多种无菌包装技术。
图4是示出用于操作示例消毒涂药器的示例过程的流程图。
发明内容
概述
本公开内容描述了被设计成减少和/或预防感染的医疗涂药器。在一个实施方案中,本公开内容描述了示例涂药器或擦拭物(wipes),其具有附着至可渗透吸收层和/或吸收底层的不可渗透层。所述涂药器或擦拭物的无菌包装被设计为当其被打开时使所述不可渗透层暴露于使用者,因此,防止该使用者手上存在的传染性病原体(infectious agents)转移至可渗透底层和患者或表面。在一些实施方案中,涂药器或擦拭物包含一种抗菌组合物,其可以单独使用或与一种或多种清洁剂、抗菌剂或消毒剂组合使用,以对血管内(IV)管道口、其他IV组件(例如,注射器、管腔、阀门等)、注射部位、抽血部位(例如,自静脉、动脉或毛细管)、医疗设备(例如,数字温度计或听诊器)、伤口部位、切口部位、腹膜透析部位、排泄部位或任何其他易受感染的部位或表面进行清洁、消毒和/或杀菌。
在一些实施方案中,本公开内容描述了不含不可渗透层、含有抗菌剂或消毒剂的示例涂药器,所述抗菌剂或消毒剂包括水、低分子量醇、过氧化物或过氧化物生成剂以及由可渗透材料所携带的螯合剂。在该实施方案中,所述可渗透材料可被用作涂药器或擦拭物以清洁、消毒和/或杀菌,这很像使用简单的酒精擦拭物。
下面的详细讨论始于标题为“示例抗菌组合物”的章节,该章节详细描述了可被包括在本文所述的医疗涂药器和装置中的示例抗菌组合物。接下来,本公开内容描述了“示例消毒涂药器”,然后是“消毒涂药器的示例包装”。下一步,本公开内容描述了用于操作示例消毒涂药器的“示例过程”。最后,本公开内容总结出简短的“结论”。
本概述(包括章节标题)被设置成介绍简化形式的概念的选择,所述概念进一步描述于下文中。本概述是为了读者的方便而设置,并不意在限制权利要求的范围,也不意在限制后续章节的范围。
示例抗菌组合物
在一个示例实施方案中,可与本文中所描述的方法结合使用的抗菌组合物可包括描述于,例如Tennican等人于2011年1月21日提交的国际专利申请第PCT/US2011/022150号以及Tennican于2012年11月28日提交的美国非临时专利申请第13/688,078中的那些,其通过引用并入本文。例如,所述抗菌组合物可包括水(H2O)、强性且无毒的螯合剂(如乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA),例如EDTA二钠、EDTA二钠钙、EDTA镁、EDTA钾、EDTA镓)或柠檬酸钠(或EDTA或柠檬酸钠的酸、盐、衍生物或其他形式)、短链一元醇(例如,分子式为C2H5OH且经验式为C2H60的乙醇),以及强性小分子氧化剂,如过氧化氢(H2O2)。在一个具体实例中,所述组合物可以基本上由水、EDTA、乙醇和过氧化氢组成。另外的成分可包括增稠剂、胶凝剂、表面活性剂、起泡剂和/或泡沫稳定剂。然而,在其他实例中,其他抗菌组合物可与本公开内容中所描述的涂药器和装置组合使用。
所述抗菌组合物可以是液体形式或凝胶形式,并且可以与一种或多种载体或稀释剂组合,这取决于特定应用的需要。例如,如果该抗菌组合物用作清洁剂,则该抗菌组合物可以是液体形式。在这种情况下,各组分的浓度可能取决于,例如消毒和/或灭菌的期望水平,无论是否将所述组合物直接应用至活体组织或应用至医疗装置,和/或为了避免刺激将被直接或间接地应用至的组织(例如,经由该组合物被应用至的医疗装置)。
除了在施加的时候提供灭菌之外,所述抗菌组合物也可以提供持久的防止污染的屏障。例如,即使在组合物的挥发性成分(例如,水、醇、过氧化氢等)已被蒸发后,所述螯合剂可以保留在处理过的表面上(例如,多用小瓶或端口清洁/保护装置、听诊器、手指、周围组织等)作为屏障从而提供抗菌、抗真菌或杀孢子(如,防止孢子萌发)、抗寄生虫、杀精子或使精子凝固(例如,降低精子的运动性)和抗病毒性质。通过剥夺细菌、孢子、寄生虫、真菌和病毒繁殖所需的组分环境(例如,铁、镁和锰),所述螯合剂提供了防止污染的持久防御,即使在所述抗菌组合物的其他组分蒸发掉了之后。更进一步地,所述抗菌组合物中的过氧化氢可诱发所述抗菌组合物待被应用至的材料(例如,硅树脂材料)表面上的电荷(charge),以使该材料更耐细菌或其他微生物。
当被应用至表面或材料时,以上所述的抗菌组合物还可以提供污染的可视指示,这样的指示可以允许使用者标记并清洁表面,以防止感染。
如在描述示例抗菌组合物的上下文中使用的术语“约”或“近似”应被解释为包括将是本领域中可接受的和/或已知的合理的误差区域。
示例涂药器
在本文中描述了多种医疗涂药器。参照图1和图2大致描述了示例医疗涂药器。
图1示出了示例消毒涂药器100的图示。该示例消毒涂药器包括被连接至可渗透吸收层104的不可渗透层102。该示例消毒涂药器100被示为具有正方形形状,但是替代的形状,例如圆形、矩形、椭圆形、多边形等皆被纳入考虑。在一些实施方案中,如图1中所示,不可渗透层102可以比可渗透层104略小。然而,在其他实施方案中,不可渗透层102可以比可渗透层104大或具有与可渗透层104基本相同的尺寸。用于不可渗透层102的组合物的示例材料包括但不限于聚乙烯、氧化硅涂覆的聚合物膜、聚丙烯、聚硅氧烷、聚四氟乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚酯薄膜(mylar)或它们的混合物。
在一些实施方案中,不可渗透层102可具有有纹理的抓握表面106。不可渗透层102上的有纹理的抓握表面106可包括但不限于脊状的、粗糙的、凹凸不平的、线状的、点状的、网状的纹理等。不可渗透层102的有纹理的抓握表面106可允许使用者抓握并使用所述消毒涂药器,使得使用者的手滑落该涂药器并与待清洁、消毒或灭菌的表面接触的风险降至最小。
在另一个实施方案中,不可渗透层可具有围绕其周边或边缘设置的凸脊(未示出)。所述凸脊可另外存在于上述其他的有纹理的实施方案中或代替上述其他的有纹理的实施例存在。此外,所述脊可自不可渗透层的内表面升起,足以使得使用者的手滑落该涂药器并与待清洁、消毒或灭菌的表面接触的风险降至最小。
在又一实施方案中,不可渗透层102可以防止位于涂药器的使用者(例如使用者的手)上的污染物转移至可渗透层104以及潜在地转移至正被清洁、消毒或灭菌的表面。此外或可选地,不可渗透层102可以防止表面上的污染物转移至涂药器的使用者。
如图1和图2所示,示例消毒涂药器100包含可渗透吸收层和/或吸收层104,所述吸收层将允许消毒剂、抗菌剂或清洁剂渗透穿过所述层的全部或一部分。用于可渗透层104的示例材料包括但不限于淀粉聚合物、纤维素凝胶、聚乙烯泡沫、聚氨酯泡沫、硅氧烷开孔泡沫或它们的混合物。可渗透层104的某些实施方案可以包括,但不限于不同的表面处理(例如,狭槽、纵裂等)、表面抛光(surface finishes)(例如,宏观结构、微观结构或纳米结构等)、轮廓(例如,圆形、肋、凸起、指状物等)和/或它们的组合,以提供清洁和/或洗涤效率。
在部分实施方案中,可渗透层104中含有清洁剂,其包括但不限于,表面活性剂、洗涤剂或肥皂。在另一个实施方案中,可渗透层104含有低分子量的醇。在另一个实施方案中,可渗透层104含有过氧化物或过氧化物生成剂。在另一个实施方案中,可渗透层104包含螯合剂。在另一个实施方案中,可渗透层104包含前述部分中描述的示例抗菌组合物。所述示例消毒涂药器的可渗透层104用于与有机组织接触,所述有机组织包括但不限于人或动物组织。在另一实例中,可渗透层104用于与惰性材料接触,所述惰性材料包括但不限于医疗装置(例如温度计、听诊器、超声设备、耳镜、检眼镜、心电图单元、血压计、磅秤(scales)等)、多用途/剂量小瓶(vial)、血管内(IV)管道口或其他IV组件。
在又一实施方案中,示例消毒涂药器可在无不可渗透层102存在下构建。在该实施方案中,可渗透层104可包含前述部分中描述的示例抗菌组合物。
图2示出使用者的手试图抓住示例消毒涂药器100的不可渗透层102的图示200。该示例消毒涂药器100从侧面示出。在一些实施方案中,示例消毒涂药器100的使用者的抓握可通过不可渗透层102的有纹理的表面106变得容易。
一旦使用者抓住示例消毒涂药器100,该使用者可以使用涂药器100擦拭或刷洗被标记的表面,如人体组织或医疗装置。不可渗透层102提供防滑表面106以帮助涂药器的使用者的操作并提供防止污染物从使用者转移至表面或者防止污染物从表面转移至使用者的不可穿过的屏障。在一些实施方案中,使用者可以收到可视指示,该指示表示设置在可渗透层104内的抗菌组合物已经与一种或多种污染物接触,所述一种或多种污染物例如一种或多种细菌、一种或多种孢子、一种或多种寄生虫、一种或多种病毒、一种或多种体液或它们的混合物。所述可视指示可以是在被刷洗或擦拭的表面上的发泡或起泡的指示。
消毒涂药器的示例包装
上述各种涂药器中的任意一种都可被独立地无菌包装或无菌包装成在一系列包装中的多个涂药器的盒(kits)。此外,涂药器本身可以额外地或可替换地被容纳在包含UV防护材料的包装中以抑制清洁剂、抗菌剂或消毒剂的分解。
图3A显示了可以封装示例消毒涂药器100的无菌包装300的一个实施方案的图示。每个示例消毒涂药器可以通过将所述示例消毒涂药器夹在多层热塑性材料之间并通过例如声波焊接、微波焊接、热粘结等使各材料片围绕所述示例消毒涂药器的外周彼此密封而被独立地密封在袋或包中。在一些实施方案中,多个示例消毒涂药器可以如以上所述地密封在袋或包中。
在一些实施方案中,所述无菌包装可以包含穿孔线或刻痕线302和舌片(tab)304,以便于打开无菌包装300。使用者可以拉起无菌包装300上的舌片304,然后拉起穿孔线302以使示例消毒涂药器的不可渗透层暴露至使用者。
在一些实施方案中,无菌包装300包括但不限于箔袋、塑料衬袋、箔衬袋和/或塑料托盘。在一个实施方案中,通过将多个涂药器置于各热塑性材料片之间,然后采用上述密封方法中的任意一种使各层片材围绕每个防护盖(protective caps)的外周彼此密封,可以将多个涂药器包装在一连续的条带(strip)中。如图3B所示,多个涂药器可以连续地存储在通过穿孔306隔开的条带或套装(series)中。在一些实施方案中,所述连续条带中的每个包装可以包含具有相同清洁剂、抗菌剂或消毒剂的消毒涂药器。在其他实施方案中,所述连续条带中的每个包装可以包含具有不同浓度的相同清洁剂、抗菌剂或消毒剂的消毒涂药器。在其他实施方案中,所述连续条带中的每个包装可以包含具有与该条带中的相邻包装中存储的涂药器不同的清洁剂、抗菌剂或消毒剂的消毒涂药器。
图3C示出了另一示例无菌包装,以适应需要不同清洁剂、抗菌剂或消毒剂的特定多步骤医疗程序或适应在该医疗程序中的不同步骤中需要不同浓度的清洁剂、抗菌剂或消毒剂。例如,盒308可包括翼片(flap)或突起(projection)310,用于暴露含有清洁剂的第一涂药器312以清洁所希望的部位、暴露含有高浓度的消毒剂的第二涂药器314以对该部位进行消毒或灭菌、暴露含有低浓度的消毒剂的第三涂药器316以及含有甚至更低浓度的消毒剂的第四涂药器318以减少所述抗菌剂在所希望的部位处的残留浓度。盒308可包括但不限于塑料衬袋、箔衬袋和/或塑料托盘。应当理解的是,被包装在盒308内的涂药器,参照图3B如上所述,可以包含任意数量的涂药器,所述涂药器包含清洁剂、抗菌剂或消毒剂的任何数量的组合,或以适应不同医疗程序的步骤。在某些实施方案中,盒308还可以包括至少一个不含清洁剂、抗菌剂或消毒剂的涂药器。
示例过程
图4示出用于执行如上所述的操作示例消毒涂药器的技术的示例过程400。过程400以逻辑流程图示出。所描述的操作中的顺序不应被解释为限制,并且任何数量的所述操作可以以任意顺序和/或并行地组合以实现该过程。
在操作402中,可以标记待被清洁、消毒或灭菌的表面。例如,使用者可在开始医疗程序之前标记需要被消毒的表面,如人体皮肤。
在操作404中,无菌包装可被打开以暴露医疗涂药器的外表面。在图1和图3A的背景中,所述医疗涂药器可以在所述外表面上具有不可渗透层,并且所述无菌包装被配置成具有打开所述不可渗透层的舌片。
在操作406中,医疗涂药器可从无菌包装中移出。例如,可以通过抓住所述医疗涂药器的外表面上的不可渗透层而移出医疗涂药器。
在操作408中,可以将所述医疗涂药器应用至待被清洁、消毒或灭菌的被标记的表面。例如,所述医疗涂药器的含有清洁剂、抗菌剂或消毒剂的可渗透层可以在人体皮肤的一部分上进行擦拭、涂抹、轻敷或以其他方式移过。
最后,在操作410中,对应于将所述涂药器应用至表面,可以收到表示所述清洁剂、抗菌剂或消毒剂可能已与一种或多种细菌、一种或多种孢子、一种或多种寄生虫、一种或多种病毒、一种或多种体液或它们的混合物接触的可视指示。例如,诸如起泡或发泡的可视指示可存在于该表面上。
结论
虽然本公开内容描述了具有特定的结构特征和/或方法行为的实施方案,但应当理解,权利要求并不一定受限于这些具体特征或所描述的行为。相反,这些具体特征和行为仅是落入本发明的权利要求范围内的说明性的一些实施例。

Claims (20)

1.一种医疗涂药器,其包括:
不可渗透层,所述不可渗透层具有被构造成与使用者交界的外表面;
可渗透吸收层,所述可渗透吸收层具有被连接至所述不可渗透层的顶面和与一表面交界的底面;和
设置在所述可渗透吸收层内并由其携带的清洁剂、抗菌剂或消毒剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的医疗涂药器,其中所述不可渗透层包括聚乙烯、氧化硅涂覆的聚合物膜、聚丙烯、聚硅氧烷、聚四氟乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚酯薄膜或它们的混合物。
3.如权利要求2所述的医疗涂药器,其中所述不可渗透层的外表面具有脊状纹理、线状纹理、点状纹理、网状纹理或它们的组合。
4.如权利要求1所述的医疗涂药器,其中所述可渗透吸收层包括淀粉聚合物、纤维素凝胶、聚乙烯泡沫、聚氨酯泡沫、硅氧烷开孔泡沫,或者它们的混合物。
5.如权利要求1所述的医疗涂药器,其中所述可渗透吸收层的底面具有被构造成刷洗材料的崎岖纹理、粗糙纹理、光滑纹理、微观纹理、纳米纹理或它们的组合。
6.如权利要求1所述的医疗涂药器,其中所述清洁剂、抗菌剂或消毒剂包括表面活性剂、水、低分子量醇、过氧化物或过氧化物生成剂或螯合剂。
7.如权利要求1所述的医疗涂药器,其中所述抗菌剂或消毒剂包括:
约5-约50mg/ml的乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA);
按体积计至多约70%的乙醇;
按体积计至多约7.5%的过氧化氢;和
水。
8.根据权利要求1所述的医疗涂药器,其进一步包括存储所述医疗涂药器的无菌包装,所述包装被构造成当打开时露出所述不可渗透层的外表面。
9.如权利要求8所述的医疗涂药器,其中所述无菌包装被构造成将多个医疗涂药器独立并连续地存储于条带中,其中每个医疗涂药器独立地被包含在条带中并且可含有与所述条带中的相邻医疗涂药器相同或不同的清洁剂、抗菌剂或消毒剂。
10.如权利要求8所述的医疗涂药器,其中所述无菌包装被构造成将多个医疗涂药器独立并连续地存储于套装中,其中所述套装的每个医疗涂药器不包含抗菌剂或消毒剂、或适应医疗程序中的特定步骤的特定的清洁剂、抗菌剂或消毒剂,并且所述包装还被构造成基于所述医疗程序中的步骤来打开。
11.一种预防传染性病原体传播的方法,其包括:
标记待被清洁、消毒或灭菌的表面;和
将医疗涂药器应用至所述表面,所述医疗涂药器包括:
不可渗透背衬,所述不可渗透背衬具有与使用者交界的外表面;
可渗透面,所述可渗透面具有被连接至所述不可渗透背衬的第一层和被构造成与所述表面交界的第二层;和
设置在所述可渗透面内的清洁剂、抗菌剂或消毒剂,所述清洁剂、抗菌剂或消毒剂包括表面活性剂、水、低分子量醇、过氧化物或过氧化物生成剂或螯合剂的一种或多种。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中待被清洁、消毒或灭菌的表面是有机组织区域或惰性材料区域。
13.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中将医疗涂药器应用至所述表面进一步包括:
打开被构造成露出所述医疗涂药器的不可渗透背衬的外表面的无菌包装;
通过抓住所述医疗涂药器的不可渗透背衬的外表面而移出所述医疗涂药器;
用含有所述清洁剂、抗菌剂或消毒剂的可渗透面的第二层擦拭被标记的表面;以及
接收至少部分地反映擦拭的可视指示,该指示表示所述清洁剂、抗菌剂或消毒剂已与一种或多种细菌、一种或多种孢子、一种或多种寄生虫、一种或多种病毒、一种或多种体液或它们的混合物接触。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述无菌包装被构造成独立地存储多个医疗涂药器,其中每个医疗涂药器被连续地存储在条带中,并且所述条带中的每个医疗涂药器含有不同浓度的清洁剂、抗菌剂或消毒剂。
15.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述不可渗透背衬的外表面被构造为具有脊状、线状、点状、粘性或网状纹理。
16.一种医疗涂药器,其包括:
可渗透吸收材料,所述可渗透吸收材料具有被构造成与表面交界的外部基底;
设置在所述可渗透吸收材料内的抗菌剂或消毒剂,所述抗菌剂或消毒剂包含水、过氧化氢、过氧化脲、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、EDTA的盐、柠檬酸钠或其他生物相容的螯合剂或醇中的至少一种或多种;和
存储所述可渗透吸收材料的无菌包装。
17.如权利要求16所述的医疗涂药器,其中所述可渗透吸收材料包括淀粉聚合物、纤维素凝胶、聚乙烯泡沫、和/或硅氧烷开孔泡沫。
18.如权利要求16所述的医疗涂药器,其中所述抗菌剂或消毒剂包括:
约5-约50mg/ml的乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA);
按体积计至多约70%的乙醇;
按体积计至多约7.5%的过氧化氢;和
水。
19.如权利要求16所述的医疗涂药器,其中所述无菌包装允许多个医疗涂药器独立并连续地存储。
20.如权利要求16所述的医疗涂药器,其进一步包括:
被连接至所述可渗透吸收材料的外顶部的柔性不可渗透材料,当所述无菌包装被打开时所述柔性不可渗透材料被显示给使用者。
CN201380007893.6A 2012-02-06 2013-02-04 消毒涂药器和包装技术 Pending CN104203290A (zh)

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